identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
039D87EC45030628FCDDFF5637E2E349.text	039D87EC45030628FCDDFF5637E2E349.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralaubuca Bleeker 1864	<div><p>Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1864</p><p>Paralaubuca Bleeker, 1864:15 .</p><p>Type species: Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864 by monotypy.</p><p>Cultrops Smith, 1938:410 .</p><p>Type species: Culter siamensis Hora, 1923 by original designation.</p><p>Elongate, strongly compressed body (mean width/SL=8.4–8.6%) with ventral keel from head to anus, fleshy flap at base of pectoral fin, and large, modified scale at base of pelvic fin. Last simple ray of dorsal fin thin and flexible. Body moderately deep at dorsal-fin origin (mean depth/SL=25.0–28.5%) and slender posteriorly (mean caudalpeduncle depth/SL=10.5–12.5%). Predorsal profile arching anteriorly, then straight to dorsal fin. Ventral profile curving downward from tip of lower jaw and along ventral keel, then rising posteriorly to caudal peduncle. Mouth strongly oblique, ~70–80 degrees to longitudinal axis of body.</p><p>Lateral line, when continuous, extends downward from head to fourth scale row above pelvic-fin origin, then turning upward and continuing above anal fin to middle of caudal peduncle. Lateral line often discontinuous, in two segments, with anterior segment typically extending several scales past posterior segment. Anal fin extending from anus to caudal peduncle, with second unbranched and first one or two branched rays longest, branched rays gradually decreasing in length posteriorly. Pectoral fin long (mean length/SL=24.3–25.1%), and pelvic fin short (mean length/SL=13.4–14.5%). Caudal fin forked, with 0–4 pored scales following lateral line. Colors of recently collected and preserved specimens are shown in Figure 1.</p><p>Species of Paralaubuca resemble species of Parachela and Oxygaster, with which they are sometimes collected, but are easily distinguished by the presence (vs. absence) of a flap at the base of pectoral fin (Figure 2). Also, in Parachela the epaxial musculature extends anteriorly at least to the middle, and usually past the anterior margin of eye, and in Oxygaster it extends anteriorly to the posterior margin of eye; in Paralaubuca the epaxial musculature extends only to the back of head, not reaching posterior margin of eye. Oxygaster typically has longitudinal black bands on caudal fin which are absent in Paralaubuca .</p><p>Key to species of Paralaubuca</p><p>1. Lateral-line scales 70–87; 26–33 (usually 28–32) scales around caudal peduncle; tip of snout above eye....... P. harmandi</p><p>-- Lateral-line scales 51–68; 20–28 (usually 26 or fewer) scales around caudal peduncle; tip of snout not above eye......... 2</p><p>2. Rakers on first gill arch 31–51; to 152.5 mm SL....................................................... P. typus</p><p>-- Rakers on first gill arch 22–29; to 115.0 mm SL...................................................... P. barroni</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87EC45030628FCDDFF5637E2E349	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tangjitjaroen, Weerapongse;Randall, Zachary S.;Yang, Lei;Grudpan, Chaiwut;Page, Lawrence M.	Tangjitjaroen, Weerapongse, Randall, Zachary S., Yang, Lei, Grudpan, Chaiwut, Page, Lawrence M. (2025): Taxonomic revision of Paralaubuca (Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae), a taxon seemingly in decline. Zootaxa 5647 (4): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.1
039D87EC45030635FCDDFAF231BBE21C.text	039D87EC45030635FCDDFAF231BBE21C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralaubuca typus Bleeker 1864	<div><p>Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864</p><p>(Figures 1, 2, 5, 6)</p><p>Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864:16 .</p><p>Type locality: Thailand: Ajuthia [Ayutthaya] and Bangkok. Lectotype: MNHN 1867, designated by Bănărescu (1971:348, fig. 1).</p><p>Chela paralaubuca Günther, 1868:337 . Unnecessary replacement name for Paralaubuca typus Bleeker, 1864 .</p><p>Pseudolaubuca lateralis Sauvage, 1876:98 .</p><p>Type locality: Cochinchine: rapids of the Mekong. Lectotype: MNHN 3932, designated by Bănărescu, 1971:348.</p><p>Chela stigmabrachium Fowler, 1934:109, fig. 62.</p><p>Type locality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Mekong River at Chieng Sen. Holotype: ANSP 57458</p><p>Culter riveroi Fowler, 1935:108, fig. 34.</p><p>Type locality: Thailand: Bangkok. Holotype: ANSP 60803.</p><p>Paralaubuca typus was described by Bleeker (1864) based on four specimens, 112–120 mm TL, from the Chao Phraya River in Ajuthia [Ayutthaya] and Bangkok, Thailand. The specimens were described as having 7 branched dorsal-fin rays, 13 pectoral-fin rays, 9 pelvic-fin rays, 29–30 branched anal-fin rays, and 17 branched caudal-fin rays, and had black pigment on the pectoral fins. In his revision of Paralaubuca, Bănărescu (1971) selected a lectotype (MNHN 1867), then 92.1 mm SL, and paralectotypes (MNHN 1865 and 1866), 92–96.8 mm SL. Our count of lateral-line scales from the image of the lectotype (Figure 6A) is 63.</p><p>Pseudolaubuca lateralis was described by Sauvage (1876) from the Mekong River in Cochinchine—presumably in Cambodia or Laos (Kottelat 2013). Little information on the morphology and no biometric values were provided. Sauvage (1881) relegated Pseudolaubuca lateralis to the synonymy of Paralaubuca typus Bleeker 1864 . Bănărescu (1971) examined 149 syntypes of P. lateralis, 87.0–133.0 mm SL, designated a lectotype (MNHN 3932), and agreed with Sauvage (1881) that P. lateralis is a synonym of P. typus . For the types, Bănărescu gave an average branched anal-fin ray count of 26.3 and a range of 36–37 gill rakers. Our count of lateral-line scales from the image of the lectotype (Figure 6B) is 60, and the estimated SL is 103 mm.</p><p>Chela stigmabrachium was described by Fowler (1934) from 7 specimens 63–160 mm in total length (TL) from the Mekong River at Chiang Sen in northern Thailand. It was described as having 7 branched dorsal-fin rays, 15 pectoral-fin rays, 9 pelvic-fin rays, 31 gill rakers, 25–27 branched anal-fin rays, and the pigment on the pectoral fin as a “variable large medial blackish or dusky area.” Bănărescu (1971) gave the SL of the holotype (Figure 6C) as 127.5 mm SL; we found it to be 122.4 mm SL.</p><p>Bănărescu (1971) considered Chela stigmabrachium a valid species of Paralaubuca based on black pigment on the pectoral fin but noted it otherwise to be identical to P. typus . However, P. typus often has black pigment on the pectoral fin, even noted by Bleeker (1864) in the original description of the species. After examining the holotype, we agree with Rainboth (1996) that C. stigmabrachium is a synonym of P. typus .</p><p>Culter riveroi was described by Fowler (1935) from a single specimen 153 mm TL (Figure 6D) collected in Bangkok, Thailand. It was described as having 53 lateral-line scales, 7 branched dorsal-fin rays, 25 branched anal-fin rays, 9 pelvic-fin rays, 14 pectoral-fin rays, and 42 gill rakers. Bănărescu (1971) examined the holotype and found it to be 125.7 mm SL; we found the holotype to be 119.3 mm SL and to have 61 lateral-line scales. Nothing in the original or subsequent published descriptions distinguishes C. riveroi from P. typus, and we consider it a synonym of P. typus .</p><p>Diagnosis. Paralaubuca typus is most similar to P. barroni but distinguished by having 31–51 vs. 22–29 rakers on first gill arch, average of 58.4 vs. 54.8 lateral-line scales, and reaching much larger size, 152.5 vs 115.0 mm SL. Paralaubuca typus is distinguished from P. harmandi by having 51–68 vs. 70–87 lateral-line scales, usually 24–29 vs. usually 22–24 branched anal–fin rays, 20–28 (usually 26 or fewer) vs. 26–33 (usually 28–32) scales around caudal peduncle, 31–51 vs. 29–33 rakers on first gill arch, and 38–41 (usually 39–40, average=39.3, n=14) vs. 41–42 (usually 42, average=41.9, n=9) total vertebrae. Paralaubuca typus has longer anal fin and anal-fin base, and larger eye (Table 9) than P. harmandi . It also has shorter lower lip than P. harmandi (Table 9) reflecting proportionally shorter dentary (Figure 5). Paralaubuca typus is further distinguished from P. harmandi osteologically as described above and shown in Figure 5. Paralaubuca typus, reaching 152.5 mm SL, is smaller than P. harmandi, which reaches 265 mm SL.</p><p>Description. See description of genus. In three collections of P. typus from the Chao Phraya River basin in which gonads were examined to confirm the sex, females (n=17) were significantly deeper bodied than males (n=14) and reached a much larger size (152.5 vs. 116.1 mm SL) (Figure 7). In addition to being more slender, males at least seasonally have a more pronounced black midlateral stripe and more black pigment on the pectoral fin and edge of the caudal fin.</p><p>Distribution. Paralaubuca typus is known from the Chao Phraya, Mae Klong, and Tachin River basins of Thailand, and the Mekong River basin of Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam (Figure 8C).</p><p>Most observations and collections of P. typus have been in flowing water in moderate to large rivers. A few specimens have also been collected in impoundments. Paralaubuca typus is widespread and common in the Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins, but in the Mae Klong it is known only from a few localities in the lower basin and has not been documented there since the 1960s. However, it occurs in the adjacent Tachin River basin, and targeted sampling may reveal its occurrence in the lower Mae Klong River basin.</p><p>Paralaubuca typus:</p><p>Chao Phraya River basin: Thailand: Ang Thong Province: UF 193722, 1, 49.7, Chao Phraya R., Pa Mok, 14.45141, 100.45999, Tangjitjaroen, W., 11 Feb 2014 . Ayutthaya Province: UF 248528, 5, 82.6 – 103.3, Chao Phraya R., 14.17823, 100.50190, Tangjitjaroen, W., 21 Jun 2022; UF 193653, 2, 85.5 - 90.7, Chao Phraya R. at Bang Sai Fishing House, 14.17823, 100.50190, Tangjitjaroen, W., 14 Mar 2023; UF 249257, 7 of 33, 77.3–109.3, same locality as UF 193653, Miguez, J. &amp; Tangjitjaroen, W., 20 Feb 2023; UF 249413, 4, 54.4 -87.0, same locality and collector as UF 193653, 18 Nov 2022; UF 249527, 16 of 33, 78.1–100.7, same locality and collector as UF 193653, 7 Feb 2023; UF 249536, 17 of 22, 67.5–87.4, same locality and collector as UF 193653, 8 Feb 2023 . Bangkok Province: USNM 103297, 2, 141.9 – 145.7, pond in Bangkok, 13.84101, 100.57557 (est.), Smith, H. M., 18 Mar 1924; USNM 108124, 4, 68.2 – 77.7, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.49172&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.76121" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.49172/lat 13.76121)">Chao Phraya</a> R., 13.76121, 100.49172 (est.), Smith, H. M., 4 Jan 1925 ; USNM 108125, 2, 93.1 – 99.3, canal in Bangkok, 13.78604, 100.46600 (est.), Smith, H. M., 8 Sep 1934 . Bangkok [now Samut Prakan] Province: ANSP 60803, holotype of Culter riveroi, 119.3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.56186&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.70562" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.56186/lat 13.70562)">Chao Phraya</a> R., 13.70562, 100.56186, Deschauensee, R. M., May 1934 ; ANSP 89432, 7 of 18, 98.0–110.2, Chao Phraya R., 13.70562, 100.56186, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936. Chainat Province: UF 249815, 2, 79.2 – 121.4, Chao Phraya R., 15.16195, 100.18802, Grudpan, C., no date. Chiang Mai Province: NIFI 00060, 2, 88.2 – 95.5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.66763&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.49496" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.66763/lat 18.49496)">Mae Klang</a> R., 18.49496, 98.66763 (est.), Kannasute, C., 15 Jan 1976 ; NIFI 04314, 5 of 11, 80.6–83.3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.64147&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.26798" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.64147/lat 18.26798)">Ping</a> R., 18.26798, 98.64147 (est.), no collector information, 14 Jan 1976 ; UF 185735, 4 of 11, 94.8–106.4, market in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.61277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.1925" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.61277/lat 18.1925)">Hod</a> (town) Ping R., 18.19250, 98.61277, Page, L. M., 7 Jan 2012 ; UF 248515, 1, 124.2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.6417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.2681" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.6417/lat 18.2681)">Maesoi Dam on Ping</a> R., 18.26810, 98.64170, Tangjitjaroen, W., 31 Oct 2021 . Kamphaeng Phet Province: UF 248615, 4, 95.6 – 133.2, Ping R., 16.53040, 99.49430, Tangjitjaroen, W., 8 Feb 2022; UF 249459, 2, 63.7 – 97.9, Ping R., Ruen Thai Ban Rim Nam, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.49418&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.53063" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.49418/lat 16.53063)">Muang</a>, 16.53063, 99.49418, Tangjitjaroen, W., 19 Nov 2022 ; UF 249498, 5, 107.7 – 120.7, same locality and collector as UF 249459, 6 Feb 2023; UF 193797, 7, 116.1 – 152.5, same locality and collector as UF 249459, 10 Feb 2024 . Nakhon Sawan Province: UF 248841, 4, 86.3 – 96.6, Chao Phraya R. at confluence of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.13874&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.70025" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.13874/lat 15.70025)">Ping</a> and Nan rivers, market in Nakhon Sawan, 15.70025, 100.13874, Randall, Z., et al., 8 Jun 2022 . Petchabun Province: USNM 103290, 2, 88.4 – 100.5, market, Pasak R., 15.46072, 101.10240 (est.), Smith, H. M., 27 Feb 1925 . Pitsanulok Province: ANSP 89373, 4 of 9, 113.3–120.8, Nan R., 16.82357, 100.26064, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936; ANSP 89374, 6 of 10, 87.5–110.8, Nan R., 16.82357, 100.26064, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936; ANSP 89378, 5 of 14, 102.7–113.8, Nan R., 16.82357, 100.26064, Deschauensee, R. M., no date; NIFI 04600 –B, 1, 59.2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.13272&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.81285" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.13272/lat 16.81285)">Bang Kaeo</a> canal, 16.81285, 100.13272 (est.), Suksri, S., 20 Oct 2010 ; NIFI 04606, 5 of 10, 61.2–71.4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.05573&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.83461" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.05573/lat 16.83461)">Yom</a> R., 16.83461, 100.05573 (est.), Suksri, S., 3 Aug 2011 . Saraburi Province: UF 176518, 4, 104.3 – 114.3, mark et al ong Rapeepat canal adjacent to <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.85555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.20777" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.85555/lat 14.20777)">Highway</a> 1, 14.20777, 100.85555, Tangjitjaroen, W., 25 Oct 2009 . Sukothai Province: ANSP 87398, 4 of 5, 62.6–111.9, Mae Poon (or Mae Phun) a small tributary of Yom R., 17.66667, 99.70 (est.), Deschauensee, R. M., 1936 ; ANSP 88043, 2, 60.4 – 63.8, same data as ANSP 87398; ANSP 89541, 5 of 16, 97.1–105.1, same data as ANSP 87398; NIFI 04713, 4, 48.9 – 56.1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.82786&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.88253" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.82786/lat 16.88253)">Sam Puang</a> canal, 16.88253, 99.82786 (est.), Suksri, S., 21 Jan 2010 .</p><p>Mae Klong River basin: Thailand: Kanchanaburi Province: NIFI 00082, 2, 116.5 – 125.9, Mae Klong R., 13.99587, 99.53888 (est.), Tiancharoen, P., 1 Jun 1966; UMMZ 195833, 7 of 13, 80.1–93.1, Khwae Noi R., ca. 20 km upstream of Kanchanaburi, 13.90182, 99.46191, Lagler, K. F., et al., 23 Mar 1965; UMMZ 195849, 1, 82.3, Mae Klong R. at Kanchanaburi (confluence of Khwae Noi and <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.52661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.01898" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.52661/lat 14.01898)">Khwae Yai</a>), 14.01898, 99.52661, Lagler, K. F., et al., 23 Mar 1965 ; UMMZ 195863, 5 of 9, 100.6–121.9, Khwae Yai about 10 <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.48946&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.9399" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.48946/lat 13.9399)">Km</a> upstream of Kanchanaburi, 13.93990, 99.48946, Lagler, K. F., et al., 24 Mar 1965 ; UMMZ 195875, 5, 58.6 – 98.8, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.47435&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.94431" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.47435/lat 13.94431)">Khwae Yai</a>, ca. 8 km upstream of Kanchanaburi, 13.94431, 99.47435, Lagler, K. F., et al., 24 Mar 1965 . Ratchaburi Province: UMMZ 195896, 5, 75.4 – 124.4, Mae Klong R. at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.86522&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.81823" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.86522/lat 13.81823)">Ban Pong</a>, 2 km downstream, 13.81823, 99.86522, Lagler, K. F., et al., 25 Mar 1965 ; UMMZ 196219, 1, 61.4, market in vicinity of Ratchaburi, 13.54110, 99.82483, Lagler, K. F. and Thiemed, J., 14 Nov 1964 .</p><p>Mekong R. basin: Cambodia: Battambang Province: UMMZ 232403, 3, 67–73, 13.25629, 103.60108 (est.), Rainboth, W. J., et al., 8 Feb 1995 . Phnom Penh Province: UMMZ 234716, 3 of 4, 62.9–69.8, Prek Muk Kandal across <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.86334&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.66661" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.86334/lat 11.66661)">Tonle Sap Phnom Penh</a>, 11.66661, 104.86334, Rainboth, W. J., 1 Mar 1996 ; UF 190474, 5 of 6, 61.9–97.1, morning market at Stung Treng, 13.53061, 105.97102, Page, L. M., 22 May 2016 . Stung Treng Province: UMMZ 232351, 1, 53.7, Mekong R. rapids, 13.46667, 105.95, Rainboth, W. J., et al., 29 Jan 1995; UMMZ 234670, 5 of 10, 53.3–66.0, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.61666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.05/lat 13.61666)">Mekong</a> R., 13.61666, 106.050, Rainboth, W. J., 14 Feb 1996 . Laos: Bokeo Province: UMMZ 241055, 1, 57.1, Mekong R., 9 km upstream of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.36667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.36667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.36667/lat 20.36667)">Houay Xai</a>, 20.36667, 100.36667, Rainboth, W. J. &amp; Virawong, S., 22 Apr 1997 . Champasak Province: UMMZ 235309, 3, 96–137, Mekong R. at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.93333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.93333" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.93333/lat 13.93333)">Ban Hang Khone</a>, 13.93333, 105.93333, Baird, I., no date . Savannakhet Province: UMMZ 241585, 13, 58.1–98.8 mm, Xe Bangfai at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.91667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.06667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.91667/lat 17.06667)">Ban Hatkhamhiang</a>, 17.06667, 104.91667, Rainboth, W. J., 27 Mar 1998 ; UMMZ 241779, 7, Savannakhet market, 16.58333, 104.76667, Rainboth, W. J., 4 Jan 1998 . Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: ANSP 57458, holotype of Chela stigmabrachium, 122.4, Mekong R. at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.08921&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.2754" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.08921/lat 20.2754)">Chieng Saen</a>, 20.27540, 100.08921, Deschauensee, R. M., 10 Feb 1933 ; ANSP 57459–57464, 4 of 6 paratypes of Chela stigmabrachium, 109.7–122.5, Mekong R. at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.08921&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.2754" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.08921/lat 20.2754)">Chieng Saen</a>, 20.27540, 100.08921, Deschauensee, R. M., 10 Feb 1933 ; UF 170314, 1, 80.7, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.96868&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=19.96958" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.96868/lat 19.96958)">Kok</a> R., 19.96958, 99.96868, Page, L. M., et al., 12 Nov 2007 ; UF 178162, 1, 147, market in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.08777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.33583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.08777/lat 20.33583)">Chiang Saen</a>, Mekong R., 20.33583, 100.08777, Tangjitjaroen, W. and Page, L. M., 15 May 2010 . Khon Kaen Province: UMMZ 236950, 1, 90, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.62127&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.7738" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.62127/lat 16.7738)">Pong Neeb</a>, trib. Pong R., 16.7738, 102.62127, Witt, et al., no date . Maha Sarakham Province: UMMZ 195795, 1, reservoir at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.26605&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.17195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.26605/lat 16.17195)">Maha Sarakhan</a>, 16.17195, 103.26605, Lagler, et al., 12 Feb 1965 . Nakhon Phanom Province: CAS 226022, 5 of 6, 98.4–106.1, Mekong R. mainstream at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.99147&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.31239" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.99147/lat 18.31239)">Bung Kla</a>, ca. 140 km northwest of Nakhon Phanom, 18.31239, 103.99147, Roberts, T. R., 7 Jul 1985 ; UF 249821, 5 of 8, 59.1–62.6, market at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.78788&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.40384" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.78788/lat 17.40384)">Mekong</a> R., 17.40384, 104.78788 (est.), Grudpan, C., 4 Sep 1997 . Nong Khai Province: NIFI 01149, 7, 74.3 – 119.1, Mekong R., 17.88465, 102.74601 (est.), no collector information, no date; UMMZ 195489, 1 of 62, 47 Mekong R. at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.58834&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.95961" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.58834/lat 17.95961)">Ban Si</a> Chiang Mai, 17.95961, 102.58834, Lagler, K. F., et al., 5 Feb 1965 . Sisaket Province: NIFI 04252, 1 of 2, 49.9, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.62848&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.97323" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.62848/lat 14.97323)">Bung Kra Sang Swamp</a>, 14.97323, 104.62848 (est.), no collector information, 3 Dec 1993 ; UF 248754, 1, 95.7, Mun R. at Rasi Salai Dam and market specimens from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.09897&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.34318" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.09897/lat 15.34318)">Rasi Salai</a>, 15.34318, 104.09897, Randall, Z., et al., 6 Jun 2022 . Ubon Ratchathani Province: ANSP 87239, 6, 82.1 – 113.6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.22381&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.04409" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.22381/lat 16.04409)">Khemmarat on Mekong</a> R., 16.04409, 105.22381, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936 ; ANSP 203499, 3, 55.3 – 81.0, market at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.86521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.19928" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.86521/lat 15.19928)">Warinchamrap on Mun</a> R., 15.19928, 104.86521 (est.), Bornbusch, A., 26 Mar 1987 ; AUM 56042, 4 of 9, 61.1–81.1, Mun R. at Bung –ma–laeng <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.02805&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.27328" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.02805/lat 15.27328)">Village</a>, 18.1 km east of Ubon Ratchathani, 15.27328, 105.02805, Armbruster, J. W., et al., 7 Jan 2012 ; NIFI 04156, 1, 89.7, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.4913&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.31783" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.4913/lat 15.31783)">Mekong</a> R., 15.31783, 105.49130 (est.), Vidthayanon, C., et al., 29 May 1989 ; NIFI 04295, 1, 65.5, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.49353&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.30859" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.49353/lat 15.30859)">Mun</a> R., 15.30859, 105.49353 (est.), no collector information, 23 Sep 1992 ; UF 249823, 3, 77.4 – 78.3, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.49122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.31808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.49122/lat 15.31808)">Mekong</a> R., 15.31808, 105.49122 (est.), Grudpan, C., 16 Jul 2005 ; UF 249819, 1, 89.4, same locality and collector as UF 249817, 5 Jul 2008; UF 249820, 7, 68.5 –77.0, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.70467&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.13215" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.70467/lat 15.13215)">Mun</a> R., 15.13215, 104.70467 (est.), Grudpan, C., 19 Aug 2005 ; UF 249822, 3 of 13, 47.4–75.4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.62429&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.57147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.62429/lat 15.57147)">Mekong</a> R., 15.57147, 105.62429 (est.), Grudpan, C., 18 Nov 2012 ; UMMZ 218829, 2, X-rays, Mun R. at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.48076&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.30059" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.48076/lat 15.30059)">Ban Dan</a>, 15.30059, 105.48076, Songrad &amp; Buskirk, 7 Apr 1975 ; UF 170312, 6 of 16, 64.4–119.4, from fishers at Mun R. in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.70665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.17861" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.70665/lat 15.17861)">Warinchumrab</a>, 15.17861, 104.70665, Page, L. M., et al., 16 Nov 2007 ; UF 249813, tissue only, same data as UF 170312; UF 170313, 2, 73.7 – 89.6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.859&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.22438" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.859/lat 15.22438)">Rim Mun Market</a> in Ubon Ratchathani, from Mun R., 15.22438, 104.8590, Page, L. M. and Tangjitjaroen, W., 15 Nov 2007 ; UF 245585, 5 of 8, 61.3–83.6, Mun R. southeast of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.49011&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.30803" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.49011/lat 15.30803)">Khong Chiam</a>, 15.30803, 105.49011, Page, L. M., et al., 23 Jan 2020 ; UF 249374, 11 of 30, 76.8–88.6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.859&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.22438" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.859/lat 15.22438)">Rim Mun Market</a> in Ubon Ratchathani: Mun R., 15.22438, 104.8590, Miguez, J., et al., 28 Feb 2023 ; USNM 271327, 5 of 10, 65.3–84.1, market in Ubon Ratchathani, 15.22416, 104.85872 (est.), no collector information, 4 Jun 1971; USNM 271540, 2 of 13, 66.6–70.5, market in Ubon Ratchathani at edge of Mun R., 15.22416, 104.85872 (est.), no collector information, 14 Sep 1971; USNM 305767, 3, 55.3 – 63.2, market in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.86521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.19928" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.86521/lat 15.19928)">Warinchamrap</a>, 15.19928, 104.86521 (est.), Bornbusch, A. H., 26–30 Mar 1987 . Vietnam: Phong Dinh Province: UMMZ 218151, 2, 38–41, Bassac R., 0.5 km downstream of Can Tho, 10.04, 105.80599, Arden, R. &amp; Minh, D., 3 Nov 1974 . Song Hau River basin: An Giang Province: UF 241500, 4, 42.8 – 46.7, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.07305&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=10.79833" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.07305/lat 10.79833)">An Phu District</a>, Chau Doc R., 10.79833, 105.07305, Thai, T., 10 Sep 2013 . Vam Co River basin: Long An Province: UF 241488, 5 of 8, 64.7–72.9, Vam Co Tay R., 10.78316, 105.92966, Thai, T., 17 Sep 2013 .</p><p>Tachin River basin: Thailand: Nakhon Pathom Province: ANSP 212803, 3, 57.9 – 117.6, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.1745&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.03431" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.1745/lat 14.03431)">Tachin River</a>, 14.03431, 100.1745, Tangjitjaroen, et al., 8 May 2024 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87EC45030635FCDDFAF231BBE21C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tangjitjaroen, Weerapongse;Randall, Zachary S.;Yang, Lei;Grudpan, Chaiwut;Page, Lawrence M.	Tangjitjaroen, Weerapongse, Randall, Zachary S., Yang, Lei, Grudpan, Chaiwut, Page, Lawrence M. (2025): Taxonomic revision of Paralaubuca (Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae), a taxon seemingly in decline. Zootaxa 5647 (4): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.1
039D87EC451E0632FCDDF91A3317E7CC.text	039D87EC451E0632FCDDF91A3317E7CC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralaubuca barroni Fowler 1934	<div><p>Paralaubuca barroni Fowler, 1934</p><p>(Figures 1, 5, 9)</p><p>Chela barroni Fowler, 1934:109, fig. 61.</p><p>Type locality: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: Mekong River at Chieng Sen. Holotype: ANSP 57455.</p><p>Chela barroni was described along with C. stigmabrachium from the Mekong River at Chiang Sen in northern Thailand by Fowler (1934), based on a single specimen (Figure 9) measuring 104 mm TL and having 43 lateral-line scales, 7 branched dorsal-fin rays, 28 branched anal-fin rays, 9 pelvic-fin rays, 14 pectoral-fin rays, and 22 gill rakers. The illustration accompanying the description shows the pectoral-fin flap characteristic of Paralaubuca .</p><p>Bănărescu (1971) reported the holotype of C. barroni (now badly desiccated, Figure 9) to be 84.7 mm SL and possessing 24 gill rakers (abbreviated as “Sp. br.”) and 28 branched anal-fin rays. Bănărescu (1971) also gave counts of 53–55 lateral-line scales and 19–24 gill rakers for specimens of P. barroni from the Mekong River basin in Yunnan, China, as first reported in Wu et al. (1964), and noted that the count of 43 lateral-line scales given by Fowler for the holotype was an error. Bănărescu (1971) concluded that P. barroni differed from other species in the genus by having fewer scales and gill rakers. We found the holotype to be 77.1 mm SL.</p><p>Diagnosis. Paralaubuca barroni is most similar to P. typus but is distinguished by having 22–29 vs. 31–51 rakers on first gill arch, average of 54.8 vs. 58.4 lateral-line scales, and reaching much smaller size, 115.0 vs. 152.5 mm SL. Paralaubuca barroni is distinguished from P. harmandi by having 51–58 vs. 70–87 lateral-line scales, usually 25–27 vs. usually 22–24 branched anal–fin rays, usually 22 or 24 vs. usually 28–32 scales around caudal peduncle, and 38–41 (average=39.9, n=9) vs. 41–42 (usually 42, average=41.9, n=9) total vertebrae. Paralaubuca barroni has longer anal fin and anal-fin base, shorter preanal-fin length, and larger eye (Table 9) than P. harmandi . Paralaubuca barroni is further distinguished from P. harmandi osteologically as described above and as shown in Figure 5. Paralaubuca barroni, reaching 115.0 mm SL (Wu, et al. 1964), is much smaller than P. harmandi, which reaches 265 mm SL.</p><p>Description. See description of genus.</p><p>Distribution. Paralaubuca barroni is rare in institutional collections and is known from only three localities (Figure 8A). It was described from the Mekong River at Chieng Sen (Chiang Sen) in Chiang Rai Province in northern Thailand, subsequently recorded by Wu (1964) in Yunnan Province, China and thereafter from the Mekong River in Ubon Ratchathani Province, Thailand. Although we have not examined specimens from China, it has been reported from the lower reaches of the Lancang River by Wu et al. (1964), Zhang &amp; Zhao (2016), and Tian et al. (2022). Tian et al. (2022) provided a photograph of a specimen of P. barroni . Collections in Ubon Ratchathani Province were made as recently as 2005.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>In a field guide to fishes of Cambodia, So et al. (2019) included P. typus and P. barroni . However, the species were separated based on a continuous vs. discontinuous lateral line, which does not distinguish P. typus and P. barroni . No published record or specimen documents P. barroni in the Mekong basin as far south as Cambodia.</p><p>Like other species of Paralaubuca, P. barroni presumably occurs in flowing water in moderate to large rivers. The large distances between collections of P. barroni suggest it was previously much more widespread in the Mekong River basin than it is today, or because it lives in large difficult-to-collect rivers and is poorly represented in institutional collections. The former seems more likely, given the high frequency of P. typus in collections from the Mekong River.</p><p>Paralaubuca barroni:</p><p>Mekong River basin: Thailand: Chiang Rai Province: ANSP 57455, holotype of Chela barroni, 77.1 (desiccated), Mekong R. at Chieng Saen, 5 miles south of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.08921&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=20.2754" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.08921/lat 20.2754)">Shan States Border</a>, 20.27540, 100.08921, Deschauensee, R. M., 10 Feb 1933 . Ubon Ratchathani Province: ANSP 179934, 9 of 10, 37.4–54.2, beach and shallows along west bank of Mekong R. at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.49351&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.32252" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.49351/lat 15.32252)">Khong Chiam</a>, 15.32252, 105.49351, Sabaj, M.H., et al., 10 Feb 2001 ; UF 249817, 9, 55.2 – 72.1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=105.49122&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.31808" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 105.49122/lat 15.31808)">Mekong</a> R., 15.31808, 105.49122 (est.), Grudpan, C., 16 Jul 2005 ; UF 249818, 7, 58.2 – 69.6, same locality and date as UF 249817; UF 249886, 7 of 12, 69.7–72.9, same locality and date as UF 249817 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87EC451E0632FCDDF91A3317E7CC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tangjitjaroen, Weerapongse;Randall, Zachary S.;Yang, Lei;Grudpan, Chaiwut;Page, Lawrence M.	Tangjitjaroen, Weerapongse, Randall, Zachary S., Yang, Lei, Grudpan, Chaiwut, Page, Lawrence M. (2025): Taxonomic revision of Paralaubuca (Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae), a taxon seemingly in decline. Zootaxa 5647 (4): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.1
039D87EC45190630FCDDFE7A37EAE478.text	039D87EC45190630FCDDFE7A37EAE478.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Paralaubuca harmandi Sauvage 1883	<div><p>Paralaubuca harmandi Sauvage, 1883</p><p>(Figures 1, 5, 10)</p><p>Paralaubuca Harmandi Sauvage, 1883:153 .</p><p>Type locality: Thailand: Mé-Nam (Chao Phraya). Holotype: MNHN A-6427.</p><p>Culter siamensis Hora, 1923:149, pl. 10 fig. 1, pl. 11 figs. 4–5.</p><p>Type locality: Thailand: Bangkok. Holotype: ZSI F 10504 /1.</p><p>Culter wolfi Fowler, 1937:163, fig. 101.</p><p>Type locality: Thailand: Pitsanulok. Holotype: ANSP 68016 .</p><p>Paralaubuca harmandi was described by Sauvage in 1883 based on a single specimen (Figure 10A) from the Chao Phraya River, Thailand having 7 branched dorsal-fin rays, 24 branched anal-fin rays, and 75 lateral-line scales. Bănărescu (1971) examined the holotype and noted it measured 147 mm SL.</p><p>Culter siamensis was described by Hora (1923) based on a single specimen measuring 175 mm SL (Figure 10B) from Bangkok, with 9 (=7 branched) dorsal-fin rays, 24 branched anal-fin rays, 13 pectoral-fin rays, and 75 lateral-line scales. Hora (1923) also gave a count of 7 pelvic-fin rays, which perhaps was an error or based on an aberrant specimen, given the otherwise consistent count of 9 pelvic-fin rays in Paralaubuca . We agree with Bănărescu (1971) that C. siamensis is a synonym of P. harmandi .</p><p>Culter wolfi was described by Fowler (1937) from the Chao Phraya basin at Pitsanulok, Thailand. The holotype (Figure 10C) measured 205 mm TL, and four paratypes measured 123–185 mm TL. The five specimens had 7 branched dorsal-fin rays, 14 pectoral-fin rays, 9 pelvic-fin rays, and 22–23 branched anal-fin rays. The lateral-line scale count was given as “23 to 25 (overlap 5 to 10, and sometimes auxiliary median series of 8 scales may be interposed) + 53 to 55 + 7 to 9 in lateral line.” We interpret this to mean lateral-line scales in a single row would number at least 73 and possibly as many as 84. Fowler noted C. wolfi was similar to C. siamensis but differed in having the pectoral fins longer than the head. Bănărescu (1971) examined the holotype and paratypes of C. wolfi, which he considered a synonym of P. harmandi, and other specimens he assigned to P. harmandi to describe the species as having 7 branched dorsal-fin rays, 21–25 branched anal-fin rays, 70–86 lateral-line scales, and 26–33 rakers on the first gill arch. We found the holotype has 80 and paratypes have 73–80 lateral-line scales and agree with Bănărescu (1971) that C. wolfi is a synonym of P. harmandi .</p><p>Diagnosis. Paralaubuca harmandi is distinguished from P. typus and P. barroni by having 70–87 vs. 68 or fewer lateral-line scales, usually 22–24 vs. 24–29 branched anal-fin rays, 26–33 (usually 28–32) vs. 20–28 (usually 26 or fewer) scales around caudal peduncle, and total vertebral counts of 41–42 (average=41.9, n=9) vs. 38–41 (average=39.3, n=21) in P. typus; and 38–41 (average=39.9, n=7) in P. barroni . Paralaubuca harmandi has shorter anal fin and anal-fin base, and smaller eye than P. typus and P. barroni (Table 9). It is further differentiated from P. typus by having 29–33 vs. 31–51 rakers on first gill arch. Paralaubuca harmandi is distinguished from P. typus and P. barroni osteologically as described above and as shown in Figure 5. Reaching 265 mm SL, P. harmandi is much larger than both P. typus and P. barroni, which reach 152.5 and 115.0 mm SL, respectively.</p><p>Description. See description of genus.</p><p>Distribution. Paralaubuca harmandi is known from the Chao Phraya and Mae Klong River basins of Thailand, and the Mekong River basin of Cambodia and Thailand (Figure 8B). Observations and collections of the species have been in flowing water in moderate to large rivers. Paralaubuca harmandi occurs syntopically with P. typus, both species having been collected at six of the 13 localities documented for P. harmandi .</p><p>Based on specimens in institutional collections, P. harmandi is known to be widespread in the Chao Phraya basin, occurring as far north as the Ping River in Chiang Mai Province and south to Bangkok, but appears to be relatively uncommon. In the Mae Klong River basin, it was recorded in Kanchanaburi Province in 1963 (Johnsen 1963) and in Ratchaburi Province (UMMZ 195277) in 1964. The species may have been extirpated from the Mae Klong basin, perhaps because of the massive dams on the mainstem and on each of its primary tributaries, the Khwae Noi and Khwae Yai.</p><p>Several publications have implied P. harmandi is widespread in the Mekong River basin, but the only verified records known to us are from two localities, the Mun River near Ubon Ratchathani, Thailand (NIFI 00068, UF 249816, UMMZ 195744), and Prek Andor, Cambodia (MNHN-IC-1983-0170). Bănărescu (1971) indicated the distribution of P. harmandi as Menam [= Chao Phraya] and Mekong drainages in Thailand, but all specimens listed by him were from the Chao Phraya basin. Taki (1974) did not include P. harmandi among the four names he used for species of Paralaubuca from Laos. Rainboth (1996) mentioned P. harmandi as being in the lower Mekong but provided no locality records and included a drawing of Culter siamensis from Hora (1923), who described C. siamensis from Bangkok, drained by the Chao Phraya River. Kottelat (2001) reported P. harmandi from the Mekong of Cambodia, Laos, and Thailand, but provided no locality records, and the photo on page 67 purported to be of P. harmandi is a photo of P. typus or P. barroni . So et al. (2019) did not include P. harmandi in a field guide to fishes of Cambodia. Rainboth et al. (2012) included a photo of P. harmandi in a photographic atlas of fishes of the Mekong, but the specimen in the photo was noted as having been from Chainat, Thailand on the Chao Phraya River. Vidthayanon (2008) described the distribution of P. harmandi as middle to lower Mekong and Chao Phraya basins and included the same photo as that in Rainboth et al. (2012) from the Chao Phraya River. Panitvong (2022) reported P. harmandi from the Chao Phraya and Mekong River basins and included a photo of P. harmandi from Phitsanulok (personal communication) on the Chao Phraya River. Taki et al. (2021) noted that no specimens conforming to P. harmandi were found in the Mekong River basin in surveys spanning seven years. Paralaubuca harmandi has not been collected in the Mekong River basin since the 1960s and may be extirpated from the basin. If gone from the Mae Klong and Mekong River basins, the species occurs now only in the Chao Phraya River basin.</p><p>Paralaubuca harmandi:</p><p>Chao Phraya River basin: Thailand: Ang Thong Province: UF 193674, 1, 53.6, Chao Phraya R., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.45999&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.45141" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.45999/lat 14.45141)">Pa Mok</a>, 14.45141, 100.45999, Tangjitjaroen, W., 11 Feb 2014 . Ayutthaya Province: UF 248526, 7 of 11, 120.5–143.0, Chao Phraya R., 14.17823, 100.5019, Tangjitjaroen, W., 21 Jun 2022; UF 249416, 2, 79.3 – 86.6, Chao Phraya R. at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.5019&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=14.17823" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.5019/lat 14.17823)">Bang Sai</a> fishing house, 14.17823, 100.50190, Tangjitjaroen, W., 18 Nov 2022 . Bangkok Province: USNM 108123, 1, 115.2, canal of Hugh M. Smith's yard in <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4918&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.76221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4918/lat 13.76221)">Bangkok</a>, 13.76221, 100.49180 (est.), Smith, H. M., 8 Sep 1934 ; USNM 108135, 1, 160, Chao Phraya R., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.4918&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.76221" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.4918/lat 13.76221)">Bangsorn</a>, 13.76221, 100.49180 (est.), Smith, H. M., 12 Sep 1923 . Bangkok [now Samut Prakan] Province: ANSP 60800, 2 of 3, 158.0–178.1, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.56186&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.70562" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.56186/lat 13.70562)">Chao Phraya</a> R., 13.70562, 100.56186, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936 ; ANSP 89441, 3 of 7, 100.3–136.2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.56186&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.70562" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.56186/lat 13.70562)">Chao Phraya</a> R., 13.70562, 100.56186, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936 . Chiang Mai Province: UF 248506, 1, 183.2, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.6417&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.2681" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.6417/lat 18.2681)">Maesoi Dam on Ping</a> R., 18.2681, 98.6417, Tangjitjaroen, W., 31 Oct 2021 . Chainat Province: NIFI 02433, 2, 203.0–233.0, Chao Phraya R., 15.16195, 100.18802, Vidthayanon, C., 21 Jan 1992; UF 249816, 2, 112.5 – 133.9, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.18802&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.16195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.18802/lat 15.16195)">Chao Phraya</a> R., 15.16195, 100.18802, Grudpan, C., no date . Nakhon Sawan Province: UF 173084, 2, 136.6 – 168.9, market in Nakhon Sawan, from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.16885&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.72675" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.16885/lat 15.72675)">Bung Boraphet</a>, 15.72675, 100.16885, Page, L. M. and Tangjitjaroen, W., 17 June 2008 ; UF 248898, 1, 236, Chao Phraya R. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.13457&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.453487" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.13457/lat 15.453487)">Phayuha Khiri</a>, 15.453487, 100.134564, Randall, Z., et al., 9 Jun 2022 ; UMMZ 195097, 1, X-ray, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.96032&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.69975" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.96032/lat 15.69975)">Chao Phraya</a> R., 15.69975, 99.96032, Lagler, K. F., 15 Oct 1964 . Phitsanulok Province: ANSP 68016, holotype of Culter wolfi, 168.4, Nan R., 16.82357, 100.26064, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936 ; ANSP 68017–68020, 3 of 4 paratypes of Culter wolfi, 131.4–153.4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.26064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.82357" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.26064/lat 16.82357)">Nan</a> R., 16.82357, 100.26064, Deschauensee, R. M., 1936 ; NIFI 04600 –A, 2, 70.4–97.4, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.13272&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.81285" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.13272/lat 16.81285)">Bang Kaeo</a> canal, 16.81285, 100.13272 (est.), Suksri, S., 20 Oct 2010 . Sukothai Province: ANSP 212133, 1, 52.3, Mae Poon (or Mae Phun), small tributary of Yom R., 17.66667, 99.7 (est.), Deschauensee, R. M., 1936 . Tak Province: UMMZ 195117, 1, 265, Bhumiphol Reservoir, ca. 2 km from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=98.98963&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.24021" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 98.98963/lat 17.24021)">Yanhee Dam</a>, 17.24021, 98.98963, Lagler, K. F., 15 Oct. 1964 . Unknown province: BMNH 1898.4.2.244-245, 2, X-rays, Me Nam River [Chao Phraya] .</p><p>Mae Klong River basin: Thailand: Ratchaburi Province: UMMZ 195277, 2, 109.9 – 128.2, market at Ratchaburi., 13.54110, 99.82483, Lagler, K. F. and Thiemed, J., 14 Nov 1964 .</p><p>Mekong River basin: Cambodia: Phnom Penh Province: MNHN-IC-1983-0170, 1, 185 mm, Prek Andor, 11.65919, 104.86086 (est.), Nov 1961 . Thailand: Ubon Ratchathani Province: NIFI 00068, 4, 108.9 –156.0, Mun R., 15.30859, 105.49353 (est.), Tiancharoen, P., 13 Jan 1968; UMMZ 195744, 1, X-ray, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.9341&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=15.23343" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.9341/lat 15.23343)">Mun River</a>, ca. 5 km downstream from Ubon, 15.23343, 104.93410, Lagler, K. F., et al., 11 Feb 1965 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039D87EC45190630FCDDFE7A37EAE478	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Tangjitjaroen, Weerapongse;Randall, Zachary S.;Yang, Lei;Grudpan, Chaiwut;Page, Lawrence M.	Tangjitjaroen, Weerapongse, Randall, Zachary S., Yang, Lei, Grudpan, Chaiwut, Page, Lawrence M. (2025): Taxonomic revision of Paralaubuca (Cypriniformes, Xenocyprididae), a taxon seemingly in decline. Zootaxa 5647 (4): 301-330, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5647.4.1
