identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03A7643CFFDB4F19FF3359A1FE5BA8E2.text	03A7643CFFDB4F19FF3359A1FE5BA8E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch 1925	<div><p>Neischnocolus Petrunkevitch, 1925</p><p>Diagnosis. Neischnocolus males differ from other Theraphosinae genera by the presence of one or two subconical processes on the retrolateral surface of the male palpal tibia (Figs 2D, 4D). Females differ from all other theraphosines by their spermathecae with paired ventral receptacles attached to a semi-circular to rectangular, sclerotized basal atrium. (Figs 7D, 10D). (Pérez-Miles et al. 2008; Pérez-Miles et al. 2019; Kaderka 2020).</p><p>Distribution. Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil and Peru.</p><p>Composition. Neischnocolus amazonica (Jimenez &amp; Bertani, 2008), N. armihuariensis (Kaderka, 2014), N. ballerioi sp. nov., N. canosita sp. nov., N. caxiuana (Pérez-Miles, et al. 2008), N.cisnerosi Peñaherrera-R. et al. 2023, N. iquitos Kaderka, 2020, N. mecana Echeverri et al. 2023, N. obscurus (Ausserer, 1875), N. pampenita sp. nov., N. panamanus Petrunkevitch, 1925, N. pijaos (Jimenez &amp; Bertani, 2008), N. ruffoi sp. nov., N. tsere Peñaherrera-R. et al. 2023, N. valentinae (Almeida, et al., 2019), N. weinmanni (Pérez-Miles, 2008) and N. yupanquii (Pérez-Miles, Gabriel &amp; Gallon, 2008) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A7643CFFDB4F19FF3359A1FE5BA8E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dupérré, Nadine;Tapia, Elicio	Dupérré, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio (2025): Four new species of Neischnocolus (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from Western Ecuador. Zootaxa 5706 (4): 530-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4
03A7643CFFDB4F1CFF335F85FF09AE5A.text	03A7643CFFDB4F1CFF335F85FF09AE5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neischnocolus ballerioi Dupérré & Tapia 2025	<div><p>Neischnocolus ballerioi sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, map 1</p><p>Type material. Male holotype from Esmeraldas, Otokiki Reserve (00.910389°, -78.581000°) 684 m, Sept. 2019, hand collecting, E. Tapia, ECFN 11641 (QCAZ) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Males mostly resemble N. cisnerosi and N. tsere but are distinguished from all species by their basal, straight and narrow PAC keel (Fig. 2E), absent in N. tsere and short and apical in N. cisnerosi (Peñaherrera-R. et al. 2023: fig. 1a, 5a).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet honors Italian entomologist Alberto Ballerio, a specialist in Scarabaeidae, for his contributions to the knowledge of Ecuadorian fauna.</p><p>Description. (Male holotype): Total length: 26.12, carapace length: 12.47; carapace width: 10.89; abdomen length: 13.65. Coloration (ethanol): Carapace oval, dark reddish-brown densely covered with dark setae along radiating lines; fovea transverse (Fig. 1A, B). Chelicerae reddish-brown densely covered with dark brown setae and black setae; promargin with 11 teeth, furrow with nine denticles basally. Eight eyes, anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved; AME 0.33, ALE 0.48, PLE 0.45 PME, 0.20, PME-PME 0.94. Labium with eight cuspules. Maxillae with 46 cuspules. Sternum longer than wide (5.45/3.67), labiosternal sigilla joined (Fig. 1C); three pairs of oval sigilla located near coxae III, coxae II and coxae I. Abdomen oval, densely covered with light brown recumbent setae and dark brown erected setae (Fig. 1A); with type Id urticating setae on dorsoposterior part. Legs reddish-brown densely covered with light brown setae; all tarsi fully scopulated, metatarsi I-II fully scopulated, metatarsi III 25% scopulate, metatarsi IV ascopulate; tarsi I, II with entire scopula, tarsi III distally divided by setae, tarsi IV entirely divided by setae; tibia I with fused subapical apophyses, both branches with short apical spines (Fig. 2d). Legs measurements: total length: I 43.21 (12.14/5.22/11.47/8.37/6.01) II 39.25 (10.80/3.95/10.55/8.35/5.60) III 37.54 (10.44/3.95/9.13/9.21/4.81) IV 45.85 (12.70/3.37/10.83/13.45/5.50); leg formula 4123. Spination: tibiae II v 0-0-1, III v 0-0-1, p 0-0-1, IV v 0-0-1, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1; metatarsi I v 0-0-1; II v 0-1-3 (apical), III v 0-1-2-3 (apical), p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1, IV v 0-1-2-2-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1. Genitalia: palpal tibia (6.34 length, 1.93 width) with two conical processes on retrolateral surface, basal one larger (Fig. 2C); cymbium divided, with two lobes, prolateral lobe larger than retrolateral one; bulb with well-developed prolateral keels, PS keel sinuous and serrated, R keel smooth, A keel transparent, PAC keel straight, and PI keel smooth (Fig. 2E–H); dorsal area of embolus with few granulations (Fig. 2F, arrow); tegular protuberance lacking granulation (Fig. 2F, H).</p><p>Distribution. Only found at the type locality in Esmeraldas province.</p><p>Natural History. The holotype was collected at 684 m in an evergreen foothill forest (BsPn01) (Guevara et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A7643CFFDB4F1CFF335F85FF09AE5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dupérré, Nadine;Tapia, Elicio	Dupérré, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio (2025): Four new species of Neischnocolus (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from Western Ecuador. Zootaxa 5706 (4): 530-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4
03A7643CFFDE4F1CFF33591DFCD3AB46.text	03A7643CFFDE4F1CFF33591DFCD3AB46.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neischnocolus canosita Dupérré & Tapia 2025	<div><p>Neischnocolus canosita sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, map 2.</p><p>Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-79.026886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.248528" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -79.026886/lat -0.248528)">La Florida</a> (-00.248528 -79.026887) 868 m, 27 Feb. 2020, pitfall, I. Tapia, E. Tapia, N. Dupérré, ECFN 6793 (QCAZ) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Males are distinguished by their much larger basal conical process of the male palpal tibia (Fig. 4B, C); from N. cisnerosi they are distinguished by their PAC longer and prominent, while PAC small and inconspicuous in the latter (Peñaherrera-R. et al. 2023: fig. 5c).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a non-Latin adjective (invariable) derived from the Spanish adjective “canosa”, meaning white hairs referring to the species densely covered with white setae.</p><p>Description (Male holotype): Total length: 11.76, carapace length: 5.75; carapace width: 5.30; abdomen length: 6.01. Coloration (ethanol): Carapace oval, orange densely covered with white setae; pars cephalica and radiating lines darker; fovea transverse (Fig. 3A, B). Chelicerae orange densely covered with white setae and brown erected setae; promargin with 11 teeth, furrow with 14 denticles basally. Eight eyes, anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved; AME 0.20, ALE 0.29, PLE 0.20 PME, 0.14, PME–PME 0.61. Labium orange, 7 cuspules. Maxillae orange, 30 cuspules. Sternum orange, longer than wide (2.62/2.11), labiosternal sigilla joined (Fig. 3C); three pairs of oval sigilla located near coxae III, coxae II and coxae I. Abdomen oval, densely covered with brown recumbent setae and dark brown erected setae (Fig. 3A); with type Id urticating setae on dorsoposterior part. Legs light orange densely covered with white setae, femur dark orange-brown; all tarsi fully scopulate, tarsus IV very thin; metatarsi I–II with thin 50% scopula, metatarsi III–IV with thin 25% scopula; tarsi I, II with entire scopula, tarsi III–IV entirely divided by setae; tibia I with fused subapical apophyses, both branches with short apical spines (Fig. 4D). Legs measurements: total length: I 17.62 (5.33/2.39/4.47/2.92/2.51) II 15.87 (4.53/2.66/3.48/2.91/2.29) III 14.94 (4.37/1.96/3.17/3.12/2.32) IV 19.10 (5.09/1.89/4.57/5.06/2.49); leg formula 4123. Spination: tibiae I v 0- 0-1, II v 0-0-2, III v 0-0-3, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1, IV v 0-0-3, p 0-0-0, r 0-0-1; metatarsi I v 0-1-1; II v 0-1-3 (apical), III v 0-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-0-1, IV v 1-1-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-0-1; palpal tibiae p 0.</p><p>Genitalia: palpal tibia (2.68 length, 1.46 width) with two conical processes on retrolateral surface, basal one much larger (Fig. 4B, C); cymbium divided, with two lobes, prolateral lobe larger than retrolateral one; bulb with well-developed prolateral keels, PS keel short, R keel rugose, A keel short and transparent, PAC keel straight keel prominent, blade-like (Fig. 4E); and PI keel smooth dorsal area of embolus with few granulations (Fig. 4E, arrow); tegular protuberance lacking granulation (Fig. 4E).</p><p>Distribution. Only found at the type locality in Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas province.</p><p>Natural History. The male was collected at 868 m in an evergreen foothill forest (BsPn01) (Guevara et al. 2013) where it lives in sympatry with N. pampenita sp. nov.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A7643CFFDE4F1CFF33591DFCD3AB46	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dupérré, Nadine;Tapia, Elicio	Dupérré, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio (2025): Four new species of Neischnocolus (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from Western Ecuador. Zootaxa 5706 (4): 530-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4
03A7643CFFDD4F1FFF335BE0FCA1ABFA.text	03A7643CFFDD4F1FFF335BE0FCA1ABFA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neischnocolus ruffoi Dupérré & Tapia 2025	<div><p>Neischnocolus ruffoi sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5–7, 12, map 2.</p><p>Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi Province, OTONGA reserve (-00.41564° -79.00452°) 2105 m, 24 May–08 June 2014, pitfall, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré, ECFN 11635 (QCAZ). Paratypes: same data as holotype, 1 ♂, ECFN 11636 (ZIMG); 1 ♂, ECFN 11637 (ZMH-A0029122); 1 ♂, ECFN 11638 (QCAZ); OTONGA Reserve (-00.41994° -79.00623°) 1997 m, 1♀ 1juv., 15 Jan. 2020, hand collecting, Faml. Tapia-Caisaguano, ECFN 4901 (ZMH-A0029118); OTONGA reserve (-00.41994° -79.00623°) 1997 m, 2 ♂, 8–21 June 2014, pitfall, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré, ECFN 11639 (QCAZ); OTONGA reserve (-00.41941° -78.99607°) 1717 m, 1 ♂, 24 May–08 June 2014, pitfall, E. Tapia, C. Tapia, N. Dupérré, ECFN 931 (ZMH-A0002683) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Males most resemble N. pampenita sp. nov. but are distinguished by their large serrated PAC keel (Fig. 6E) while PAC keel not serrated and smaller in the latter (Fig. 9E). Females most resemble N. pampenita sp. nov. but are distinguished by the basal atrium medially with less sclerotized rectangular region (Fig. 7D, arrow), while basal atrium with triangular less sclerotized in the region in the latter (Fig. 10D, arrow).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a tribute to the esteemed Italian entomologist Sandro Ruffo (1915–2010) who serves as the curator of Zoology at the Verona Natural History Museum. In recognition of his support in acquiring the land that constitutes the OTONGA reserve where the new species is found.</p><p>Description (Male holotype): Total length: 11.36, carapace length: 5.54; carapace width: 4.85; abdomen length: 5.82. Coloration (ethanol): Carapace oval, orange-brown densely covered with light brown setae and few black setae; fovea transverse (Fig. 5A, B). Chelicerae ornage densely covered with light brown setae and dark brown setae; promargin with nine teeth, furrow with seven denticles basally. Eight eyes, anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved; AME 0.17, ALE 0.26, PLE 0.17 PME, 0.16, PME–PME 0.44. Labium orange-brown, with 9 cuspules. Maxillae orange-brown, with 16 cuspules. Sternum light orange, longer than wide (2.89/2.29), labiosternal sigilla joined (Fig. 5C); three pairs of oval sigilla located near coxae III, coxae II and coxae I. Abdomen oval, densely covered with brown recumbent setae (Fig. 5A); with type Id urticating setae on dorsoposterior part. Legs orange-brown densely covered with light brown setae; all tarsi fully scopulate, tarsus IV very thin; metatarsi I–III with thin 25% scopula, metatarsi IV ascopulate; tarsi I, II with entire scopula, tarsi III–IV entirely divided by setae; tibia I with fused subapical apophyses, both branches with large apical spines (Fig. 6D). Legs measurements: total length: I 18.69 (5.68/2.53/4.66/3.48/2.34) II 15.66 (5.02/2.10/3.45/2.82/2.27) III 15.44 (4.43/2.17/3.39/3.16/2. 29) IV 19.67 (5.26/2.22/4.50/5.16/2.53); leg formula 4123. Spination: tibiae I v 0-0-1, II v 0-0-2, p 0-0-1, III v 0-0-2, p 0-0-0, r 0-0-1, IV v 0-0-2, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1; metatarsi I v 0-0-3; II v 0-1-3 (apical), III v 0-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-0-1, IV v 1-1-1-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1; palpal tibiae p 0. Genitalia: palpal tibia (2.65 length, 1.05 width) with two truncated conical processes on retrolateral surface (Fig. 6B, C); cymbium divided, with two lobes, prolateral lobe larger than retrolateral one; bulb with well-developed prolateral keels, PS short and serrated, R keel short, A keel transparent, PAC large and serrated, PI keel smooth (Fig. 6E, F); dorsal area of embolus without granulation; tegular protuberance lacking granulation (Fig. 6E).</p><p>(Female paratype, ECFN 4901). Total length: 12.41, carapace length: 5.53; carapace width: 5.02; abdomen length: 6.88. Coloration (ethanol): Carapace as in male (Fig. 7A, B). Eyes as in male; AME 0.21, ALE 0.30, PLE 0.21, PME, 0.15, PME–PME 0.51. Chelicerae as in male; promargin with nine teeth, furrow with 12 denticles basally. Labium dark reddish-brown, with seven cuspules. Maxillae dark reddish-brown with 44 cuspules. Sternum orange, longer than wide. (2.42/2.27).Abdomen: as in male; with type Id located in dorsoanterior part. Legs, all tarsi fully scopulate, metatarsi I–II 50% scopulate, metatarsi III 25% scopulate, metatarsi IV ascopulate; tarsi I, II with entire scopula, tarsi III–IV entirely divided by setae. Legs measurements: total length: I 11.17 (3.63/1.88/2.49/1.43 /1.74) II 10.86 (3.32/1.65/2.33/1.87/1.69) III 10.41 (3.13/1.49/1.94/2.16/1.69) IV 13.77 (3.88/1.59/2.87/3.41/2.02); leg formula 4123. Spination: tibiae, III v 0-02, IV v 2-2-1-3 (apical), p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1; metatarsi I v 0-0-1, II v 0- 0-3 (apical), III v 0-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-0-1, IV v 2-2-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1. Genitalia with strongly sclerotized oval basal atrium, medially with transparent rectangular region (Fig. 7D, E); with a pair of parallel spermathecae, straight, not extending beyond basal atrium, right spermatheca shorter (Fig. 7D, E).</p><p>Distribution. Only found at the type locality in Cotopaxi province.</p><p>Natural History. Specimens were collected between 1717–2105 m, in a low evergreen forest (BsBn04) and a mountain evergreen forest (BsMn03) (Iglesia et al. 2013a, b).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A7643CFFDD4F1FFF335BE0FCA1ABFA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dupérré, Nadine;Tapia, Elicio	Dupérré, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio (2025): Four new species of Neischnocolus (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from Western Ecuador. Zootaxa 5706 (4): 530-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4
03A7643CFFD14F17FF335BE0FBDFAE5A.text	03A7643CFFD14F17FF335BE0FBDFAE5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neischnocolus pampenita Dupérré & Tapia 2025	<div><p>Neischnocolus pampenita sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 8–10, 12, map 2.</p><p>Type material. Male holotype from Ecuador, Cotopaxi province, Pristirana Reserve (-00.422297° -78.958126°) 1397 m, 16–26 Feb. 2019, pitfall, E.E. Tapia, Tapia family, ECFN 10447 (QCAZ). Paratypes: 2 ♂, same data as holotype, ECFN 11634 (ZIMG); 2 ♂, same data as holotype, 26 Feb.–09 Mar 2019, ECFN 10446 (QCAZ); Pristirana Reserve (-00.423418° -78.958775°) 1498 m, 26 Feb.–05 March 2019, 2 ♂, pitfall, E.E. Tapia, Tapia family, ECFN 10448 (QCAZ); Pristirana Reserve (-00.424742° -78.959769°) 1521 m, 12.I.2023, pitfall, 1 ♂, ECFN 10230 (ZIMG); 15.I.2023, pitfall, 1 ♂, ECFN 10477 (ZMH-A0029119), 1 ♂, ECFN 10172 (ZMH-A0029120); 1 ♂, ECFN 10478 (ZMH-A0029121); 1 ♂, ECFN 10476 (QCAZ); Pristirana Reserve (-00.42492° -78.95708°) 1480 m, Nov. 2022, pitfall, 1 ♂, Faml. Tapia-Caisaguano, ECFN 10146 (QCAZ); Pristirana Reserve (-00.42414° -78.95718°) 1480 m, 12.x.2021. 2019, 1♀, pitfall, E. Tapia, N. Dupérré, A. Tapia, ECFN 8060 (QCAZ); Pristirana Reserve (-00.42195° -78.95456°) 1346 m, 15.i.2023, pitfall, 1 ♂, E. Tapia, ECFN 10398 (QCAZ); Pristirana Reserve (- 00.42151° -78.95788°) 1367 m, 15.i.2023, pitfall, 1 ♂, E. Tapia, ECFN 10261 (ZIMG) .</p><p>Other material examined. ECUADOR: Cotopaxi province: Pristirana Reserve (-00.422297° -78.958126°) 1391 m, 26 Feb.–9 March 2019, 1 ♂, pitfall, E. Tapia, Tapia faml., ECFN 1495 (DTC) ; Pichincha province, La Union del Toachi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-78.93442&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.33051" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -78.93442/lat -0.33051)">Otongachi Reserve</a> (-00.330510 -78.934420) 1087 m, 25 Feb. 2020, 1 ♂, pitfall, I. Tapia, E. Tapia, N. Dupérré, ECFN 5605 (ZMH-A0015425), 1 ♂, ECFN 5606 (ZMH-A0015427), 1 ♂, ECFN 5607 (ZMH- A0015428) , 1 ♂, ECFN 5608 (DTC); Santo Domingo de los Tsáchilas: La Florida (-00.248529° -79.026887°) 864 m, 6 Feb. 2020, 1 ♂, pitfall, E. Tapia, N. Dupérré, I. Tapia, ECFN 5457 (DTC) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Males most resembles N. ruffoi sp. nov. but are distinguished by their bulb with shorter not serrated PAC keel (Fig. 9E) while PAC keel large and serrated in the latter (Fig. 6E). Females most resembles N. ruffoi sp. nov. and N. caxiuana (Pérez-Miles et al. 2008) but are distinguished from N. ruffoi sp. nov. by the basal atrium with a triangular transparent middle region (Fig. 10D, E, arrow) while basal atrium with medially transparent rectangular region (Fig. 7D, E); from N. caxiuana by spermathecae head oval (Fig. 10D, E) spermathecae head elongated in the latter (Pérez-Miles et al. 2008: fig. 9).</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is a non-Latin adjective (invariable) that honors the people of San Francisco de las Pampas for their fight against the mining industries and their efforts to preserve natural resources.</p><p>Description (Male holotype): Total length: 9.31, carapace length: 4.43; carapace width: 4.30; abdomen length: 4.88. Coloration (ethanol): Carapace oval, reddish-brown densely covered with light brown setae and black erected setae; fovea transverse (Fig. 8A, B). Chelicerae reddish-brown densely covered with light brown setae and black setae; promargin with 11 teeth, furrow with 10 denticles basally. Eight eyes, anterior eye row procurved, posterior eye row recurved; AME 0.21, ALE 0.20, PLE 0.20 PME, 0.1, PME–PME 0.46. Labium brown with 9 cuspules. Maxillae brown with 37 cuspules. Sternum orange, longer than wide (2.28/2.02), labiosternal sigilla joined (Fig. 8C); three pairs of oval sigilla located near coxae III, coxae II and coxae I. Abdomen oval, densely covered with light brown recumbent setae and dark brown setae (Fig. 8A); with type Id urticating setae (Fig. 13C–E) on dorsoposterior part. Legs brown densely covered with covered with light brown setae, femur darker; all tarsi fully scopulate, tarsi III–IV very thin; metatarsi I–II with thin scopula, metatarsi III–IV ascopulate; tarsi I, II with entire scopula, tarsi III–IV entirely divided by setae; tibia I with fused subapical apophyses, both branches with large apical spines (Fig. 9D). Legs measurements: total length: I 14.21 (4.25/1.83/3.80/2.26/2.07) II 12.91 (3.97/1.78/3.14/2.18/1.84) III 12.10 (3.49/1.09/2.81/2.77/1.94) IV 16.16 (4.43/1.60/3.67/4.49/1.97); leg formula 4123. Spination: tibiae I v 0-0-1, II v 0-0-2, III v 0-0-2, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1, IV v 0-0-2, p 0-0-1, r 0-0-1; metatarsi I v 0-0-1; II v 0-1-2 (apical), III v 1- 2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-0-1, IV v 0-2-2-1-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-1-1; palpal tibiae p 0. Genitalia: palpal tibia (2.28 length, 0.86 width) with two truncated conical processes on retrolateral surface (Fig. 9B, C); cymbium divided, with two lobes, prolateral lobe larger than retrolateral one; bulb with well-developed prolateral keels, PS keel serrated, R keel not prominent, A keel transparent, PAC keel short, and PI keel smooth (Fig. 9E–H, 13A, B); dorsal area of embolus with granulation (Fig. 9F, arrow); tegular protuberance lacking granulation, (Fig. 9E).</p><p>(Female paratype, ECFN 8060). Total length: 10.78, carapace length: 4.82; carapace width: 4.68; abdomen length: 5.96. Coloration (ethanol): Carapace elongated oval, dark reddish-brown covered with dark brown setae along radiating line and light brown setae; fovea transverse (Fig. 10A, B). Eight eyes; AME 0.20, ALE 0.31, PLE 0.20 PME, 0.12, PME–PME 0.53 Chelicerae dark reddish-brown densely covered with brown setae and black setae; promargin with 11 teeth, furrow with nine denticles basally. Labium dark reddish-brown with 18 cuspules. Maxillae dark reddish-brown with 24 cuspules. Sternum dark reddish-brown covered with white and dark brown setae; (2.27/2.23). Abdomen: as in male (note the presence of a parasite); abdomen with type Id located in dorsoposterior part. Legs: All tarsi fully scopulate, tarsus IV very thin; metatarsi I–II fully scopulate, metatarsi III 25% scopulate, metatarsi IV ascopulate; tarsi I–III distally divided by setae, tarsi IV entirely divided by setae. Legs measurements: total length: I 10.08 (3.46/1.93/2.06/1.36/1.25) II 9.79 (2.93/1.80/2.00/1.59/1.47) III 10.07 (3.38/1.57/1.77/1.88/1.47) IV 12.43 (3.60/1.62/2.68/2.54/1.99); leg formula 4123. Spination: tibiae I v 0-0-1, II v 0-0-0, III v 0-0-1, IV v 0-0-2, p 0-0-0, r 0-0-1; metatarsi I v 0-0-3; II v 0-0-3, III v 0-2-3, p 0-1-1, r 0-0-1; IV v 2-2-1-3, p 0-0-1, r 0- 0-1; palpal tibiae v-0-0-3. Genitalia. Internal genitalia with a strongly sclerotized heart-shaped basal atrium with median triangular transparent region (Fig. 10D, E); left spermatheca reduced, right spermatheca elongated with oval spermathecal head (Fig. 10D, E).</p><p>Distribution. The specimens were collected at three different localities from 864 to 1521 m and occur in evergreen foothill forest (BsPn01) of the Western Cordillera (Guevara et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A7643CFFD14F17FF335BE0FBDFAE5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dupérré, Nadine;Tapia, Elicio	Dupérré, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio (2025): Four new species of Neischnocolus (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from Western Ecuador. Zootaxa 5706 (4): 530-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4
03A7643CFFD54F0BFF33591DFBE3ABF1.text	03A7643CFFD54F0BFF33591DFBE3ABF1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neischnocolus cisnerosi	<div><p>Neischnocolus cisnerosi Peñaherrera-R. et al. 2023</p><p>Fig. 11, 12, map. 2</p><p>Neischnocolus cisnerosi Peñaherrera-R. et al., 2023c: 487, f. 2C–D, 3B, 4C–D, 5A–D, 6 (Description male).</p><p>Type material. Holotype male from Ecuador, Santo Domingo de Los Tsáchilas province, parish of Santo Domingo, Reserva Otongachi (Fundación Otonga) wet forest (-0.320000º -78.950000º) 947 m, 6 October 2017, F. Velasquez (ZSFQ-i11100). Not examined.</p><p>Other material examined. ECUADOR: Pichincha Province: Otongachi Reserve (-00.321295º -78.95163º) 900 m, 1 ♂ 1♀, 01 Dec. 2015, hand collected, E. Tapia, N. Dupérré, ECFN 11633 (QCAZ); Otongachi Reserve (- 00.322689º -78.953695º) 892 m, 1 ♂, 30 May 2019, hand collected inside bromelia on ground, E. Tapia, N. Dupérré, ECFN 1384 (ZMH-A0029123) .</p><p>Diagnosis. Females mostly resemble N. iquitos Kaderka, 2020 but it can be distinguished by their spermathecae extending well beyond the sclerotized basal atrium (Fig. 12E), while spermathecae not extending beyond the sclerotized basal atrium in the latter (Kardeka 2020: fig. 8A–F).</p><p>Description. Female (ZMH-A0001813). Total length: 17.08, carapace length: 5.79; carapace width: 5.61; abdomen length: 11.29. Live coloration: Carapace, lateral side of abdomen and femurs bright pinkish-orange, patella to tarsi dark grayish-black, dorsal side of abdomen dark grayish-black with median dark (Fig. 11A). Coloration (ethanol): Carapace oval, light orange radiating lines dark orange, densely covered with white setae; fovea transverse (Fig. 12A, B). Chelicerae orange densely covered with light brown setae; promargin with nine teeth, furrow with 10 denticles basally. Eight eyes; AME 0.30, ALE 0.31, PLE 0.23 PME, 0.14, PME–PME 0.73. Labium with 12 cuspules. Maxillae with 61 cuspules. Sternum light orange longer than wide (2.78/2.56), labiosternal sigilla joined (Fig. 12C); three pairs of oval sigilla located near coxae III, coxae II and coxae I. Abdomen oval, apical half beige, lower half dark gray, with two median dark gray marks, densely covered with beige recumbent setae and brown erected setae (Fig. 12A); with type Id urticating setae on dorsoposterior part. Legs light orange densely covered with covered with dark brown setae; all tarsi fully scopulated, metatarsi I fully scopulated, metatarsi II 50%, metatarsi III 25% scopulate, metatarsi IV ascopulate; tarsi I, II with entire scopula, tarsi III–IV entirely divided by setae. Legs measurements: total length: I 15.14 (4.43/2.39/3.75/2.38/2.19) II 13.42 (4.09/1.94/3.26/2.28/1.85) III 12.36 (3.47/1.52/2.93/2.56/1.88) IV 16.57 (4.39/1.84/3.92/4.21/2.21); leg formula 4123.</p><p>Spination: tibiae III v 0-0-3, IV v 0-0-3; metatarsi I v 0-1-1; II v 0-1-3 (apical), III v 0-2-3 (apical), p 0-1-1, r 0-0-1, IV v 1-2-3 (apical), p 0-0-1, r 0-1-1. Genitalia with triangular diverging spermathecae, extending well beyond the sclerotized basal atrium (Fig. 12D, E).</p><p>Distribution. Only found at the type locality in Pichincha province.</p><p>Note. The female basal atrium is not fully sclerotized (Fig. 12E) indicating that the specimen is a young female. Although Peñaherrera-R et al. (2023) state the type locality as “ Santo Domingo de Los Tsáchilas Province,” it is actually located in Pichincha Province. The two provinces share a border, which can lead to confusion. The male live coloration is similar to the female (Fig. 11B) .</p><p>Natural History. Specimens were collected in an evergreen foothill forest (BsPn01) of the Western Cordillera (Guevara et al. 2013).</p><p>MAP 1. General map underlining the regions where newly described Ecuadorian Neischnocolus species occur.</p><p>MAP 2. Distribution map of newly described Ecuadorian Neischnocolus species. Neischnocolus ballerioi sp. nov. (orange circle), Neischnocolus canosita sp. nov. (red square), Neischnocolus ruffoi sp. nov. (green triangle), Neischnocolus pampenita sp. nov. (yellow star), Neischnocolus cisnerosi Peñaherrera-R. et al. 2023 (blue circle).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A7643CFFD54F0BFF33591DFBE3ABF1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Dupérré, Nadine;Tapia, Elicio	Dupérré, Nadine, Tapia, Elicio (2025): Four new species of Neischnocolus (Araneae: Mygalomorphae: Theraphosidae) from Western Ecuador. Zootaxa 5706 (4): 530-550, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5706.4.4
