identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03AEB520FFC8FFBBFF69DC25E4359FB7.text	03AEB520FFC8FFBBFF69DC25E4359FB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mantispidae Leach	<div><p>Mantispidae Leach in Brewster, 1815</p><p>Remarks: The Western Palearctic species is known from Iraq based on the monograph of Aspöck et al. (1980).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC8FFBBFF69DC25E4359FB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC8FFBAFF69DF29E5E99AF5.text	03AEB520FFC8FFBAFF69DF29E5E99AF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mantispa scabricollis McLachlan	<div><p>Mantispa scabricollis McLachlan in Fedchenko, 1875</p><p>(Fig. 3A).</p><p>Mantispa scabricollis McLachlan in Fedchenko, 1875: 13 (Odescr), Aspöck et al. 2001: 203 (Mon).</p><p>Material examined: 1♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Gapilon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.376163&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.783306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.376163/lat 35.783306)">Balkhé Village</a> Qulla Chankh 35°46’59.9”N, 45°22’34.2”E, 18.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur ; 3♂ 4♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Dukan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.240665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.7625" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.240665/lat 35.7625)">Zewe Village Piramagroon Mt.</a> 35°45’45.0”N, 45°14’26.4”E, 19.IX.2023, leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: The species is distributed from southeastern Europe (Greece) to Pakistan (Hassan et al. 2019), and in the north, it extends from the southern foreland of the Caucasus to Inner Asia as far as Turkmenistan (Dobosz 2007). It has previously been documented in Iraq as part of the Expansive Pontomediterran faunal element (Aspöck et al. 2001).</p><p>This species differs from the other Western Palaearctic species by its small size (length of forewing: 7.5-12 mm), and can be easily distinguished from them by the characters on the dorsal surface of the pronotum. There are warty protrusions on the surface of the pronotum, each bearing a short dark bristle (Fig. 3B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC8FFBAFF69DF29E5E99AF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69DD0AE4049FBD.text	03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69DD0AE4049FBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dielocroce elegans (Martynova 1930)	<div><p>* Dielocroce elegans (Martynova, 1930)</p><p>(Fig. 3D and F)</p><p>Material examined: 1♀ IRAQ, Erbil, Choman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.93661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.60125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.93661/lat 36.60125)">Khoshkan Village</a>, 36°36’04,5”N, 44°56’11.8”E, 05.VII.2024, leg: Farhad A. Khudhur .</p><p>Remarks: This species is part of the Syro-Iranian faunal element (Aspöck et al. 2001). It has a wider distribution than the other species occurring in the Middle East, extending to Afghanistan and the Arabian Peninsula (Aspöck et al. 2001). It is reported here as a new record for Iraq.</p><p>The pterostigma of the forewing is entirely white (Fig. 3D). The subcosta is also primarily dark brown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69DD0AE4049FBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69DBDBE2C59E29.text	03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69DBDBE2C59E29.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dielocroce ephemera (Gerstaecker 1894)	<div><p>Dielocroce ephemera (Gerstaecker, 1894)</p><p>(Fig. 3C and E)</p><p>Dielocroce ephemera (Gerstaecker, 1894): 172 (Odescr), Hölzel 1975: 71 (Dist), Aspöck et al. 2001: 203 (Mon).</p><p>Material examined: 2♀ IRAQ, Erbil, Choman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.93661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.60125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.93661/lat 36.60125)">Khoshkan Village</a>, 36°36’04,5”N, 44°56’11.8”E, 05.VII.2024, leg: Farhad A. Khudhur .</p><p>Remarks: Iranoeremian faunal element. Its distribution data has been documented from Eastern Anatolia, Iran, the United Arab Emirates, and Iraq (Aspöck et al. 2001).</p><p>The pterostigma of the forewing of this species is dark basally and white distally. Dark shadows are on both sides of the cross-veins in the costal area of the forewing (Fig. 3C).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69DBDBE2C59E29	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69DF7EE2A59C85.text	03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69DF7EE2A59C85.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmeleontidae Latreille 1802	<div><p>Myrmeleontidae Latreille, 1802</p><p>Remarks: The subfamilies, tribes, and genera of the Myrmeleontidae family can also be determined in Iraq based on the keys published by Hölzel (1972) and Ábrahám &amp; van Harten (2012).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69DF7EE2A59C85	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69D836E1A6986D.text	03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69D836E1A6986D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemopteridae Burmeister 1839	<div><p>Nemopteridae Burmeister, 1839</p><p>Remarks: Several genera in the Nemopteridae occur in West Asia ( Croce McLachlan, 1885, Dielocroce Cowley, 1941, Pterocroce Withycombe, 1923, Afghanocroce Hölzel, 1968). Based on Hölzel (1975) revision on subfamily Crocinae (Navás 1910), the genera can be easily determined. The characteristic feature of Dielocroce is that between the Radius and Radius sector the cross-veins become progressively smaller distally (Fig. 3D) and the males bear a bulla on both wings (Fig. 3F). They are small, frequently encounteredspecies, but their distribution is hardly known.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC9FFBAFF69D836E1A6986D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC9FFBCFF69DFA6E5FB9B11.text	03AEB520FFC9FFBCFF69DFA6E5FB9B11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Palpares chrysopterus Navas 1911	<div><p>* Palpares chrysopterus Navás, 1911</p><p>(Fig. 3F)</p><p>Material examined: 1♀ IRAQ, Erbil, Choman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.870136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.710724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.870136/lat 36.710724)">Halgurd Mt.</a>, 5 km NW Nawanda Village, 36°42’38,6”N, 44°52’12.5”E, 31.VII.2024 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: This species also belongs to the Iranoeremian faunal element. Its distribution extends from the eastern half of Anatolia through the southern part of the Caucasus to the Zagros Mountains in Iran and extending southward to Israel (Ábrahám 2012). We report it here as new record for Iraq.</p><p>Species in the tribe Palparini can be distinguished by the pattern of the hindwings, along with other morphological characters. In the areas adjacent to Iraq, this is the largest (Fig. 3G) species of Palpares . The most closely related species in the region is the slightly smaller Palpares libelluloides (Linnaeus, 1764) (Fig. 3I). The two species can be distinguished by the pattern of the hindwings and the abdomen in lateral view (Fig. 3H and J).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC9FFBCFF69DFA6E5FB9B11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFCFFFBCFF69DAE2E5BF9C3B.text	03AEB520FFCFFFBCFF69DAE2E5BF9C3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myrmecaelurus trigrammus (Pallas 1771)	<div><p>Myrmecaelurus trigrammus (Pallas, 1771)</p><p>(Fig. 4A)</p><p>Myrmecaelurus trigrammus (Pallas, 1771): 469 (Odescr), Aspöck et al. 2001: 203 (Mon), Stange 2004: 275 (Mon).</p><p>Material examined: 1♂ IRAQ, Erbil, Choman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.912086&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.591553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.912086/lat 36.591553)">Gali Sakran</a>, 36°35’29,6”N, 44°54’43.5”E, 30.VII.2024 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab ; 1♀ IRAQ, Erbil, Choman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.870136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.710724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.870136/lat 36.710724)">Halgurd Mt.</a>, 5 km NW Nawanda Village, 36°42’38,6”N, 44°52’12.5”E, 31.VII.2024 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: The distribution of this species extends from the Atlantic Ocean to central Asia (Kyrgyzstan, Krivokhatsky et al. 2015), and its southern distributional limit is in the Mediterranean areas of Europe and the Middle East (Israel). It is also widespread and sometimes common in the xeromontane area of Asia (Turkey, Iran, and Iraq). Its distribution in Egypt (El Hamouly &amp; Fadl 2011), India (Wachkoo et. al. 2024), and Tunisia (Stange 2004) are uncertain.</p><p>The forewing venation is uniformly pale yellow or perhaps with short sections of alternating yellow and pale brown on the subcosta at the origin of the cross-veins. A similar species in the region is Myrmecaelurus solaris Krivokhatsky, 2002 (Fig. 4C). This species is slightly larger than M. trigrammus . In addition, M. trigrammus always has three clearly visible longitudinal black bands on the pronotum (Fig. 4B) and the membrane of the wings is entirely transparent, while M. solaris usually has one pale brown distinct band medially (Fig. 4D), and the wing membrane is yellowish. Although not collected during this study, M. solaris also may occur in Iraq.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFCFFFBCFF69DAE2E5BF9C3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFCFFFBCFF69D812E2779954.text	03AEB520FFCFFFBCFF69D812E2779954.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parapalpares solidus (Gerstaecker 1894)	<div><p>Parapalpares solidus (Gerstaecker, 1894)</p><p>(Fig. 3K)</p><p>Palpares klapaleki Navás 1912: 53 (Odescr), Hölzel 1972: 7 (Tax).</p><p>Material examined: 1♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Gapilon, Balkhé Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.374638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.781166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.374638/lat 35.781166)">Qulla Chakh</a> 35°46’52.2”N, 45°22’28,7”E, 20.VIII.2023 leg Farhad A. Khudhur .</p><p>Remarks: This species belongs the Expansive Iranoeremian faunal element having a distribution that extends from eastern Anatolia (Aspöck et al. 2001) to Uzbekistan (Kerimova et al. 2023) and Pakistan (Iqbal &amp; Yousuf 1997). It also occurs in Egypt (El Hamouly &amp; Fadl 2011) and the Arabian Peninsula (Kerimova et al. 2023) in the south. It is reported here as a new country record for Iraq.</p><p>The pattern of the wings is very variable and therefore many synonyms for this species are known (Hölzel 1972). The pronotum is uniformly brown, the apical band of the hindwing can be of various shapes, but it is never segmented and does not include a bright spot or any pattern.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFCFFFBCFF69D812E2779954	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFCFFFBEFF69DF01E1AD9E1D.text	03AEB520FFCFFFBEFF69DF01E1AD9E1D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cueta anomala Navas 1915	<div><p>* Cueta anomala Navás, 1915</p><p>(Fig. 4E)</p><p>Material examined: 1♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Sharbazher, Gmo <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.561665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.912224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.561665/lat 35.912224)">Mt.</a> Hazarkanian 35°54’44”N, 45°33’42”E, 26.VIII.2023 leg:FarhadA. Khudhur ; 3♂ 3♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Sangaw, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.29564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.29564/lat 35.33211)">Zhallay Darband Village</a>, 35°19’55.6”N, 45°17’44.3”E, 10.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab ; 1♂ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.29564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.29564/lat 35.33211)">Qara Dagh</a>, 4.3km NW Jafaran Village 35°19’55.6”N, 45°17’44.3”E, 12.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur .</p><p>Type material: / Typus [red label with Navás’s handwriting] // Cueta / anomala ♀ Nav. / Navás S J. det. [white label with Navás’s handwriting] // Persia / settentr / 1862-63 / Coll. G. Doria [white label, handwritten] // Holotypus [red label in capital letters] / Cueta / anomala / Navás, 1915 // [red label handwritten]//. In Navás (1915): Persia septentrional, 1862-63, Coll. Doria (Mus. de Génova).</p><p>Remarks: This taxon has been variously identified as Cueta anomala Navás, 1915 by Navás (1915); as Cueta beieri Hölzel, 1969 by Hölzel (1969); and as Cueta luteola Hölzel, 1972 by Mirmoayedi (2003). Its taxonomic status is described differently in monographs (e.g., Aspöck et al. 2001; Stange 2004; Krivokhatsky 2011) and in the LDL database (Oswald 2024). Due to these uncertainties, we examined the type specimen in the collection of the Museo Civico di Storia Naturale "Giacomo Doria", Genoa, Italy (Fig. 4K) (Poggi 1993).</p><p>" The specimen which has become the holotype of Cueta anomala was sent in study from the Genoa Museum to Navás in 1914; it was described in 1915, but was returned to Genoa by Navás only in 1922, after being badly damaged in Navás' home by the attack of Anthrenus, so that it is in poor condition and important parts of the body no longer exist. This is possibly why the opinions on the species change depending on the Author. " (Poggi (2025) letter of communication).</p><p>Upon revising the taxon, we confirmed the taxonomic classification published by Krivokhatsky (2011), which states that Cueta anomala Navás, 1915 is not a synonym of Cueta lineosa (Rambur, 1842) . However, C. anomala is a valid species, and C. beieri Hölzel, 1969 was correctly published as a new synonym. Mirmoayedi (2003) incorrectly identified this species as Cueta luteola Hölzel, 1972 .</p><p>The literature annotation and a distribution map for C. anomala are included in Krivokhatsky (2011). Its distribution is documented in Europe: Albania and Greece; in the Caucasus region: Armenia, Azerbaijan, Dagestan, North Ossetia (Russia), and in Asia: Turkey, Lebanon and Iran. This species is reported here as a new record for Iraq.</p><p>The wings have no distinctive markings, except for small dark spots in the reghma area and at the confluence of Cua2 and Cup+A 1 in the forewing (Fig. 4E). The venation is predominantly yellow. The pronotum has three light brown bands that are intermittent. The abdomen has no prominent pattern on tergal segments in the lateral view (Fig. 4G). Although its distribution overlaps with that of C. lineosa, it can easily be distinguished by the shape and distinctive markings of the forewing, the pattern of the head in the frontal view and the abdomen in the lateral view, and the male genital features (Hölzel 1969; as C. beieri). Females of Cueta species are usually slightly larger than males.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFCFFFBEFF69DF01E1AD9E1D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFCDFFBEFF69DD24E4129C01.text	03AEB520FFCDFFBEFF69DD24E4129C01.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cueta lineosa (Rambur 1842)	<div><p>Cueta lineosa (Rambur, 1842)</p><p>(Fig. 4H)</p><p>Cueta lineosa (Rambur, 1842): 389 (Odescr), Morton 1921: 217 (Dist), Hölzel 1972: 29 (Dist), Aspöck et al. 2001: 215 (Mon), Stange 2004: 288 (Mon).</p><p>Material examined: 1♂ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Sangaw, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.29564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.29564/lat 35.33211)">Zhallay Darband Village</a>, 35°19’55.6”N, 45°17’44.3”E, 10.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: This species is widespread in the West Palearctic being known from the African Mediterranean area in addition toWest and Middle Asia. It was previously known from Iraq (Aspöck et al. 2001).</p><p>A morphologically diverse species, the black pattern under the antenna does not extend to the gena (Fig. 4J). The pattern of tergal segments 2-5 is characteristic of the species (Fig. 4I). The erect hairs of the hind femur are black. However, its identification is possible based on examination of the genital organs of the males (Hölzel 1969).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFCDFFBEFF69DD24E4129C01	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFCDFFBEFF69DF28E51B9DF7.text	03AEB520FFCDFFBEFF69DF28E51B9DF7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cueta minervae Holzel 1972	<div><p>* Cueta minervae Hölzel, 1972</p><p>(Fig. 4K)</p><p>Material examined: 4♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Sangaw, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.29564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.29564/lat 35.33211)">Zhallay Darband Village</a>, 35°19’55.6”N, 45°17’44.3”E, 10.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: This species is distributed in the xeromontane area of western Asia (Afghanistan, Iran, Pakistan), N-Oman, United Arab Emirates) (Ábrahám &amp; van Harten 2012). The collection of this species in Iraq represents a new country record.</p><p>One of the largest (length of forewing: 30 mm) Cueta species, the body is reddish brown, and the longitudinal veins have short reddish brown dashes alternating with short and pale ones. There is no noticeable spot in the fore wing, and only a small reddish brown spot is visible at the rhegma area of the forewing (Fig. 4K). The abdomen is reddish-brown with yellow lateral rounded spots in the middle of the tergal segments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFCDFFBEFF69DF28E51B9DF7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC2FFB1FF69DB17E2DC9EAE.text	03AEB520FFC2FFB1FF69DB17E2DC9EAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Delfimeus friedeli (Holzel 1972)	<div><p>* Delfimeus friedeli (Hölzel, 1972)</p><p>(Fig. 5D)</p><p>Material examined: 2♂ 1♀ IRAQ, Erbil, Choman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.912086&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.591553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.912086/lat 36.591553)">Gali Sakran</a>, 36°35’29,6”N, 44°54’43.5”E, 30.VII.2024 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab ; 8♂ 16♀ IRAQ, Erbil, Choman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.870136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.710724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.870136/lat 36.710724)">Halgurd Mt.</a>, 5 km NW Nawanda Village, 36°42’38,6”N, 44°52’12.5”E, 31.VII.2024 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab ; 1♂ 2♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Sharbazher, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.561665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.912224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.561665/lat 35.912224)">Gmo Mt.</a> Hazarkanian 35°54’44”N, 45°33’42”E, 26.VIII.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur ; 1♀ 1- IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Dukan, Zewe Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.240196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.76108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.240196/lat 35.76108)">Piramagroon Mt.</a>, 35°45’39.9”N, 45°14’24.7”E, 20.IX.2023, leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: A taxonomically valid species (Aspöck et al. 2001) that isdistinct from D. irroratus (Olivier, 1811) (Kerimova et al. 2023) . It has a widespread distribution and frequent encountered from Central Anatolia to the southern foothills of the Caucasus, through Georgia, Armenia, and Azerbaijan to Iran. We report it here as a new country record for Iraq ..</p><p>This is the most common Delfimeus species in the region. It can be taxonomically distinguished from other Delfimeus species by having only 5-7 cross-veins between the radius and radius sector (Fig. 5D). The Cubital posterior vein is very short and runs direcly to anal vein 1 (Fig. 5E).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC2FFB1FF69DB17E2DC9EAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC2FFB1FF69D9EBE5C19815.text	03AEB520FFC2FFB1FF69D9EBE5C19815.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macronemurus persicus (Navas 1915)	<div><p>* Macronemurus persicus (Navás, 1915)</p><p>(Fig. 5A)</p><p>Material examined: 7♂ 26♀ 2- IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Sangaw, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.29564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.29564/lat 35.33211)">Zhallay Darband Village</a>, 35°19’55.6”N, 45°17’44.3”E, 10.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: This species belongs to the Iranoeremian faunal element (Aspöck et al. 2001), and its distributional range also extends to the arid regions of Central Asia (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan). We report it here as a new country record for Iraq.</p><p>Among the Macronemurus species, the last segment of the labial palp is strikingly large in this species (Fig. 5B). The length (&gt; 1 mm) of the male ectoproct and the pattern of the pronotum (Fig. 5C) are characteristic of the species, distinguishing it from the similar species Macronemurus amoenus (Hölzel, 1972) .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC2FFB1FF69D9EBE5C19815	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC2FFB1FF69DD94E3809C83.text	03AEB520FFC2FFB1FF69DD94E3809C83.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Quinemurus cinereus Kimmins 1943	<div><p>* Quinemurus cinereus Kimmins, 1943</p><p>(Fig. 5F)</p><p>Material examined: 1♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Sangaw, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.29564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.29564/lat 35.33211)">Zhallay Darband Village</a>, 35°19’55.6”N, 45°17’44.3”E, 10.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: This species belongs to the Iranoeremian faunal element. Its range extends from Tunisia in North Africa (Güsten 2003) across the Arabian Peninsula to Iran (Aspöck et al. 2001). It is a new country record for Iraq.</p><p>This is the only species in the genus Quinemurus that occurs in the region, but the habitus of the species is similar to that of Neuroleon species. The abdomen of males is thickened at segments 3-6 and is covered with characteristic long white hairs (Fig. 5I). The distinguishing characteristic for the genus is that there are no cross-veins in the cubital area of the hind wing (Fig. 5J).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC2FFB1FF69DD94E3809C83	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC2FFB0FF69DF9CE5869AD9.text	03AEB520FFC2FFB0FF69DF9CE5869AD9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neuroleon erato Holzel 1972	<div><p>* Neuroleon erato Hölzel, 1972</p><p>(Fig. 5F)</p><p>Material examined: 1♂ 3♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Sangaw, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.29564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.29564/lat 35.33211)">Zhallay Darband Village</a>, 35°19’55.6”N, 45°17’44.3”E, 10.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: This species is part of the Iranoeremian faunal element whose distribution extends towards Central Asia (Krivokhatsky et al. 2015 as N. lukhtanovi Krivokhatsky, 1996 (syn.)). It is newly reported here as a new country record for Iraq.</p><p>This is the smallest known Neuroleon species (length of the forewing: 11-12 mm), and it is easily distinguished from other Neuroleon species by the pattern of the head, pronotum (Fig. 5G and H) and tergites.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC2FFB0FF69DF9CE5869AD9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC0FFB3FF69DDF9E1B39C94.text	03AEB520FFC0FFB3FF69DDF9E1B39C94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Distoleon formosus Holzel 1972	<div><p>* Distoleon formosus Hölzel, 1972</p><p>(Fig. 6A)</p><p>Material examined: 1♀ IRAQ, Erbil, Choman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.870136&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.710724" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.870136/lat 36.710724)">Halgurd Mt.</a>, 5 km NW Nawanda Village, 36°42’38,6”N, 44°52’12.5”E, 31.VII.2024 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab ; 1♂ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Sharbazher, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.561665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.912224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.561665/lat 35.912224)">Gmo Mt.</a> Hazarkanian 35°54’44”N, 45°33’42”E 26.VIII.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur ; 14♂ 16♀ 8- IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.29564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.29564/lat 35.33211)">Qara Dagh</a>, 4.3km NW Jafaran Village, 35°19’55.6”N, 45°17’44.3”E, 12.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur ; 2♂ 3♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Gapilon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.376163&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.783306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.376163/lat 35.783306)">Balkhé Village</a> Qulla Chankh, 35°46’59.9”N, 45°22’34.2”E, 18.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur ; 1♀ 1- IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Dukan, Zewe Village, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.240196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.76108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.240196/lat 35.76108)">Piramagroon Mt.</a>, 35°45’39.9”N, 45°14’24.7”E, 20.IX.2023, leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: This species belongs to the Iranoeremian faunal element (Aspöck et al. 2001). It has been recorded from several countries neighboring Iran, including Afghanistan, Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Pakistan.</p><p>Among the species of Distoleon known from the region, the distinctive features of the species are the gradate markings in the forewing, which are parallel with the subapical margin (Fig 6A) and the pattern on the pronotum (Fig 6B).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC0FFB3FF69DDF9E1B39C94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC0FFB3FF69D9EBE4449831.text	03AEB520FFC0FFB3FF69D9EBE4449831.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neuroleon fanaticus (McLachlan in Fedchenko 1875)	<div><p>* Neuroleon fanaticus (McLachlan in Fedchenko, 1875)</p><p>(Fig. 5L)</p><p>Material examined: 1♂ IRAQ, Erbil, Choman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.912086&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.591553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.912086/lat 36.591553)">Gali Sakran</a>, 36°35’29,6”N, 44°54’43.5”E, 30.VII.2024 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab ; 1♂ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.29564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.29564/lat 35.33211)">Qara Dagh</a>, 4.3km NW Jafaran Village, 35°19’55.6”N, 45°17’44.3”E, 12.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur .</p><p>Remarks: This species belongs to the Polycentric Iranoeremian faunal element in the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula. In the xeromontane highlands of South Asia, it was previously documented by Aspöck et al. (2001) from Iraq.</p><p>Neuroleon fanaticus has a very diverse morphology (Krivokhatsky 1998). It can be distinguished from other Neuroleon species by the presence of several characteristic characters, e.g., the pattern of the pronotum and the forewing (Fig. 5L and M), and the presence of elongated oval-shaped spots on the side of the tergites.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC0FFB3FF69D9EBE4449831	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC0FFB3FF69DBF8E39A9E32.text	03AEB520FFC0FFB3FF69DBF8E39A9E32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Neuroleon leptaleus (Navas 1912)	<div><p>Neuroleon leptaleus (Navás, 1912)</p><p>(Fig. 5N)</p><p>Neuroleon leptaleus (Navás, 1912): 222 (Odescr), Hölzel 1972: 50 (Dist), Aspöck et al. 2001: 282 (Mon), Krivokhatsky 1996: 302 (Dist).</p><p>Material examined: 1♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Sangaw, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.29564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.29564/lat 35.33211)">Zhallay Darband Village</a>, 35°19’55.6”N, 45°17’44.3”E, 10.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: This species also belongs to the Polycentric Iranoeremian faunal element in the Sahara and the Arabian Peninsula. In the xeromontane highlands of South Asia, it has was previously documented from Iraq by Aspöck et al. (2001).</p><p>It can be distinguished from other Neuroleon species in the region by the pattern of the pronotum (Fig. 5O) and abdomen. The abdomen of males is strikingly long.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC0FFB3FF69DBF8E39A9E32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC0FFB2FF69DFA3E36F9AF5.text	03AEB520FFC0FFB2FF69DFA3E36F9AF5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemoleon poecilopterus (Stein 1863)	<div><p>* Nemoleon poecilopterus (Stein, 1863)</p><p>(Fig. 6C)</p><p>Material examined: 1♂ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Gapilon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.376163&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.783306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.376163/lat 35.783306)">Balkhé Village</a> Qulla Chankh, 35°46’59.9”N, 45°22’34.2”E, 18.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur .</p><p>Remarks: This species range extends from southern Europe through the arid mountains of the Middle East to Kyrgyzstan in Central Asia (Aspöck et al. 2001). A distributional record from Niger (Fraser 1950) is unlikely. We report this species as a new country record for Iraq.</p><p>This is the only known Nemoleon species in the region. The wing pattern is slightly variable but characteristic of the species (Fig. 6C). On the legs, the tarsal segment 1 is conspicuously elongated, the tibial spurs are straight and as long as the tarsal segment 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC0FFB2FF69DFA3E36F9AF5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC1FFB2FF69D836E3D4993F.text	03AEB520FFC1FFB2FF69D836E3D4993F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Creoleon griseus (Klug in Ehrenberg 1834)	<div><p>Creoleon griseus (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834)</p><p>(Fig. 6D)</p><p>Creoleon griseus (Klug in Ehrenberg, 1834) pl. XXXVI (Odescr), Aspöck et al. 2001: 282 (Mon), Stange 2004: 138 (Mon).</p><p>Material examined: 1♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Sharbazher, Gmo <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.561665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.912224" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.561665/lat 35.912224)">Mt.</a> Hazarkanian 35°54’44”N, 45°33’42”E, 26.VIII.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur ; 1♂ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Gapilon, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.376163&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.783306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.376163/lat 35.783306)">Balkhé Village</a> Qulla Chankh 35°46’59.9”N, 45°22’34.2”E, 18.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur .</p><p>Remarks: This species is a widespread, polycentric eremial faunal element (Aspöck et al. 2001). Its occurrence in eremial areas has been documented from the Sahara, the Arabian Peninsula, and the arid mountains of Asia to India (Oswald 2024).</p><p>It can be distinguished from other Creoleon species in the region by the yellow wing venation, the pattern of the pronotum in dorsal view, the narrow yellow distal ring of the abdomen segments, and the missing cross-vein in the anal area of the forewing between A2 and A3.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC1FFB2FF69D836E3D4993F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC1FFB2FF69DAF9E3899FB7.text	03AEB520FFC1FFB2FF69DAF9E3899FB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider 1845)	<div><p>* Gymnocnemia variegata (Schneider, 1845)</p><p>(Fig. 6E)</p><p>Material examined: 1♂ IRAQ, Erbil, Koman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.912086&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.591553" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.912086/lat 36.591553)">Gali Sakran</a>, 36°35’29,6”N, 44°54’43.5”E, 30.VII.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur ; 3♀ IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.29564&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.33211" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.29564/lat 35.33211)">Qara Dagh</a>, 4.3km NW Jafaran Village, 35°19’55.6”N, 45°17’44.3”E, 12.IX.2023 leg: Farhad A. Khudhur ; 1♀ 1- IRAQ, Sulaymaniyah, Dukan, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=45.240196&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=35.76108" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 45.240196/lat 35.76108)">Zewe Village Piramagroon Mt.</a>, 35°45’39.9”N, 45°14’24.7”E, 20.IX.2023, leg: Farhad A. Khudhur &amp; Aland Nwab .</p><p>Remarks: This species has an expansive distribution in holomediterranean faunal element. It is distributed from North Africa and the Mediterranean areas of Europe to Inner Asia (Kyrgyzstan), and its southern limit extends through Iran and Pakistan. Throughout its range, this species appers to be generally sporadic, which may be related to its poor flight ability and poor representation in collections. We report G. variegata here as a new country record for Iraq.</p><p>A small, slender species, the legs of G. variegata are noticeably elongated. The wings are relatively broad, and the cubital and gradate markings in the forewing are pale. Tibial spurs are absent, and the tarsus is shorter than tibia. A similar species in the region is G. mirabilis (Hölzel, 1980), which has the tarsus longer than the tibia in all legs and with minute tibial spurs (Badano et al. 2017).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC1FFB2FF69DAF9E3899FB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
03AEB520FFC1FFB2FF69DF29E35C9DDB.text	03AEB520FFC1FFB2FF69DF29E35C9DDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mansellasca fabiani (Meszaros & Abraham 2005)	<div><p>* Mansellasca fabiani (Mészáros &amp; Ábrahám, 2005)</p><p>(Fig. 6H)</p><p>Material examined: 1♂ IRAQ, Erbil, Choman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=44.93661&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=36.60125" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 44.93661/lat 36.60125)">Khoshkan Village</a>, 36°36’04,5”N, 44°56’11.8”E, 05.VII.2024, leg: Farhad A. Khudhur .</p><p>Remarks: A species with few localities, the type specimens of M. fabiani are from Pakistan (Mészáros &amp; Ábrahám 2005). Later, it was also found in Eastern Turkey and Iran (Dobosz &amp; Ábrahám, 2007). This is a new country record for Iraq.</p><p>A medium-sized owlfly, the wings of the males of M. fabiani are transparent, while the hind wings of the females have some grayish-brown shading apically. The male also has a clearly visible protuberance on tergite 3 with short, strong setae (Fig. 6G).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03AEB520FFC1FFB2FF69DF29E35C9DDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Khudhur, Farhad A.;Ábrahám, Levente	Khudhur, Farhad A., Ábrahám, Levente (2025): A report on the lacewing fauna of Iraqi Kurdistan (Neuroptera: Mantispidae, Nemopteridae, Myrmeleontidae, Ascalaphidae). Zootaxa 5665 (2): 223-238, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5665.2.4
