identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
03B087D9FFA0FFBEFF1AFA33FECEFA1E.text	03B087D9FFA0FFBEFF1AFA33FECEFA1E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rothinjoa Zolotuhin & Ryabov 2012	<div><p>Genus Rothinjoa Zolotuhin &amp; Ryabov, 2012 [sñ天ẽa]</p><p>Rothinjoa Zolotuhin &amp; Ryabov, 2012; The hawkmoths of Vietnam: 200;</p><p>Type species: Poliana leucomelas Rothschild &amp; Jordan, 1915 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFA0FFBEFF1AFA33FECEFA1E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFA0FFB8FF1AF9FEFF7AFC45.text	03B087D9FFA0FFB8FF1AF9FEFF7AFC45.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rothinjoa leucomelas (Rothschild & Jordan 1915) Rothschild & Jordan 1915	<div><p>Rothinjoa leucomelas (Rothschild &amp; Jordan, 1915) [nDzsñ天ẽ]</p><p>(Figures 3–5)</p><p>Poliana leucomelas Rothschild &amp; Jordan, 1915; Novit. zool., 22: 283; TL: ‘Phnom Penh, Cambodia’.</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: 2♂♂, Nabanhe National Nature Reserve, Xishuangbanna (1070 m), Yunnan, 24- VIII-2024, Chang-Qiu Liu leg. [LCQC, XZBC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figures 3A–B, 5): The head is greyish-black with white hairs. The thorax is similarly greyish-black with a prominent white patch dorsally on the upperside, while the underside is densely covered with white hair. The abdomen is greyish-black dorsally, with two wavy white stripes, a black lateral stripe on each segment, and a central black patch on the white underside. The forewing is narrow and triangular with a sharp apex; the outer margin is smooth, and the distal part of the inner margin is slightly concave. The upperside ground color is white, scattered with grey scales; a large black-greyish patch and a curved line are present in the basal area. The medial area contains a black zigzag line and an expanded black-greyish patch extending between veins M 3 and CuA 2. The discal spot is white, and there are two dark grey patches near the apex and tornus. On the underside, the ground color is brownish-black, with grey curved lines across the middle area, and yellow hairs cover the area from the basal to the tornus. The hindwing upperside is blackish, with a grey-white tornal area and two white oval patches near the tornus; the margin has alternating black and white hairs. The underside ground color is brownish-black, with grey curved lines in the medial area, and dense white scales are scattered from the base to the tornus.</p><p>Female (Figures 2C–D): Similar to the male but with broader wings, a slightly darker and more extensive ground pattern, and significantly more slender antennae.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figures 3A–C): The uncus and gnathos form the characteristic “bird-beak” structure typical of Sphinginae . The uncus is curved upwards with a sharp apical hook, while the gnathos is straight, shorter, and thicker, with a blunt apex. The valve is tongue-shaped, with the terminal part broader than the basal part and with a blunt apex. The sacculus is robust, apically divided into two sharp-hooked lobes; the longer upper lobe is curved and points upwards, while the shorter lower lobe is thicker and curves downwards. The phallus is slender, with a weakly sclerotized anterior lobe bearing tiny teeth dorsally and ventrally.</p><p>Distribution. China (S Yunnan), Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam (Figure 1).</p><p>Biological notes. Adults were collected from middle elevation subtropical rainforest, attracted to a light trap at night (Figure 5).</p><p>Remarks. This species was initially classified within the genus Poliana Rothschild &amp; Jordan, 1903, before being reassigned to Rothinjoa by Zolotuhin &amp; Ryabov (2012). Rothinjoa is a monotypic genus, previously recorded only in regions of the Indochina Peninsula and now, as documented in this study, in southern Yunnan, China (Figure 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFA0FFB8FF1AF9FEFF7AFC45	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFA6FFB8FF1AF8BAFE9AF867.text	03B087D9FFA6FFB8FF1AF8BAFE9AF867.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Daphnusa Walker 1856	<div><p>Genus Daphnusa Walker, 1856 [äDz天ẽa]</p><p>Daphnusa Walker, 1856, List Specimens lepid. Insects Coll. Br. Mus., 8: 78 (key), 237;</p><p>Type species: Daphnusa ocellaris Walker, 1856 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFA6FFB8FF1AF8BAFE9AF867	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFA5FFBBFF1AFF26FB4FFAEA.text	03B087D9FFA5FFBBFF1AFF26FB4FFAEA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Daphnusa haxairei Melichar & Rezac 2014	<div><p>Daphnusa haxairei Melichar &amp; Řezáč, 2014 [哈ĸäDz天ẽ]</p><p>(Figures 6–8)</p><p>Daphnusa haxairei Melichar &amp; Řezáč, 2014; European Entomologist, 6(3): 190; TL: S. Xizang, China.</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: ♂, Nyingchi, Xizang Autonomous Region, 25-VI-2023, Yun Li leg. [JZHC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figures 6A–B, 8): The head is brownish-grey with a dorsal black stripe and orange palpi. The thorax is blackish-brown, exhibiting a dorsal pinkish-brown pattern resembling a skeletal face. The basal part of the abdomen is yellow dorsally, transitioning to brown in the middle, and ending in a black terminal region, while the ventral surface remains yellow. The forewing is elongated and triangular, with a falcate apex with a small concavity and a smooth outer margin; the distal part of the inner margin shows slight concavity. The dorsal surface of the forewing has a brown ground color, with a black band marked by zigzag lines in the basal area, accompanied by five dark green curved lines. A black line extends from the basal to the medial area near the cell, along with a dark brown medial line. The coloration transitions to creamy in the medial to submarginal areas, with scattered black scales, and a black falcate patch and line extending from vein Rs 4 to the margin of the anal area and ending in a large circular black patch near the tornus. On the ventral side, the ground color is yellow, featuring patterns similar to those on the dorsal side but more densely marked with brown spots. The hindwing has a yellow ground color with black patches and curved lines in the medial area, with scattered brown crackles, and the submarginal to marginal regions are black. The tornus projects sharply. Ventrally, the ground color remains yellow with a pattern resembling the dorsal side marked in grey-brown, but more extensive.</p><p>Female: Unknown.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figures 7A–D): The uncus is broad, with an apex divided into two lobes, each of which terminates in a sharp, curved hook. The gnathos is absent. The valve is rounded, with a thickened dorsal margin that curves inward, and a long, sharp spine projecting ventrally from the apical region, which also features a sharp hook. The sacculus bears a ventral, elongated, upward-curving sclerite. The phallus is slender, lacking any apical teeth.</p><p>Distribution. NE India and China (SE Xizang) (Figure 1).</p><p>Biological notes. This species was collected in middle elevation evergreen broad-leaf forest, attracted to light at night (Figure 8).</p><p>Remarks. D. haxairei was described as a separate species based on small differences in male genitalia, wing markings and DNA barcodes (Melichar &amp; Řezáč, 2014). In this study, we recorded this rare species from SE Tibet in China and confirmed the identification by DNA barcoding and male genitalia structure. This is the new distribution record beyond its type locality in S. Xizang. D. haxairei is very similar to D. sinocontinentalis but can be distinguished by the larger forewings, olive eyespot and elongate V-shape of the juxta.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFA5FFBBFF1AFF26FB4FFAEA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFA4FFBAFF1AF8A2FB1BF890.text	03B087D9FFA4FFBAFF1AF8A2FB1BF890.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smerinthulus Huwe 1895	<div><p>Genus Smerinthulus Huwe, 1895 [Ê天ẽa]</p><p>Smerinthulus Huwe, 1895, Berl. Ent. Z., 40: 370;</p><p>Type species: Smerinthulus quadripunctatus Huwe, 1895</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFA4FFBAFF1AF8A2FB1BF890	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFABFFB7FF1AFF26FF31F90A.text	03B087D9FFABFFB7FF1AFF26FF31F90A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smerinthulus baonganae Brechlin 2016	<div><p>Smerinthulus baonganae Brechlin, 2016 [AEÊ天ẽ]</p><p>(Figures 9–12)</p><p>Smerinthulus baonganae Brechlin, 2016; Entomo-Satsphingia, 9 (4): 87; TL: ‘Bach Ma Mts, Thua Thien Hue, Vietnam’.</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: ♂, Lin’an (840 m), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 14-X-2024, Qing-Song Lin leg. [JZHC] ; ♂, Yiyang, Hunan, VII-2023, Local collector leg. [XZBC] ; ♂♂, Yingjing (1200 m), Ya’an, Sichuan, VII-2023, Local collector leg. [XZBC] ; ♀, Yingjing (1200 m), Ya’an, Sichuan, VII-2023, Local collector leg. [JZHC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figures 9A–B, 12): The head is yellow-brown with a brown dorsal stripe. The thorax is yellow-brown with a dorsal creamy patch. The abdome is yellow-brown dorsally with a creamy, dotted line; lateral side exhibits black stigma-dots. The forewing is triangular with a pointed apex, outer margin crenulate, the distal part of the inner margin slightly concave. Dorsally, ground color yellow-brown with a prominent creamy postdiscal patch; basal to medial area includes three broad brown zigzag stripes; submarginal area features a brown zigzag line and three brown dots; apex displays a creamy patch. Ventral side ground color yellow with a black postdiscal line that is not prominent. The hindwings is has the ground color ochre with an indistinct dark brown submarginal band; ventrally, ground color yellow with a black postdiscal line and an inconspicuous arrow-shaped patch.</p><p>Female (Figures 9C–D, 12): Similar to the male but markedly larger and with broader wings; general ground color ochraceous and with more extensive, pronounced patterning; antennae noticeably slenderer.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figure 10A–D): Uncus tongue-shaped with a bilobed terminal portion. Gnathos forms a short, finger-like lobe. Valve is tongue-shaped, with a distinctly swollen dorsal edge and a ventral edge covered in numerous fine teeth; the apical part features two claws. Phallus is slender, lacking an apical tooth.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figure 11): Anal papillae apophyses rounded. Lamella antevaginalis and lamella postvaginalis broad and weakly sclerotized; ostial lobe circular. Ductus bursae tubular, membranous, and slender, the corpus bursae ellipsoidal.</p><p>Distribution. China (Sichuan, Hunan, Zhejiang), Vietnam (Figure 1).</p><p>Biological notes. Adults were collected in middle elevation monsoon evergreen broad-leaved forest, attracted to a light trap at night (Figure 12).</p><p>Remarks. This species closely resembles S. flavomaculatus Inoue, 1990, and S. perversa (Rothschild, 1895) but can be readily distinguished by its shorter, less slender wings, the prominent brown zigzag band on the forewing upperside, and the distinctive structure of the male genitalia. Previously, S. baonganae was only known from central Vietnam; however, DNA barcoding performed for this study confirmed its range now includes Zhejiang, Hunan, and Sichuan in China. The record from Hangzhou, Zhejiang, also represents the northernmost for any species of the genus Smerinthulus . Other Smerinthulus species present in the habitat of S. baonganae include S. perversa pallidus Mell, 1922, and S. mirabilis orientosinica (Brechlin, 2014) from Zhejiang, Hunan, and Sichuan, as well as S. mirabilis tonkiniana (Brechlin, 2014) and S. perversa bachmaensis Brechlin, 2016 from central and northern Vietnam.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFABFFB7FF1AFF26FF31F90A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFA9FFB6FF1AF88AFB5BFB25.text	03B087D9FFA9FFB6FF1AF88AFB5BFB25.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smerinthulus mirabilis subsp. mirabilis (Rothschild 1894)	<div><p>Smerinthulus mirabilis mirabilis (Rothschild, 1894) [BNJÊ天ẽDz名亚Ñ]</p><p>(Figures 13–17)</p><p>Cypa mirabilis Rothschild, 1894; Novit. zool., 1: 664; TL: ‘ Khasia Hills’ [Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India].</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: ♂, Nyingchi, Xizang Autonomous Region (2130m), 21-VI-2023, Zhong Peng leg. [JZHC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figures 13A–B, 15A, 17): The head is yellow-brown with ochre hairs dorsally. The thorax is yellow-brown with two dorsal ochre lines. The abdomen is yellow-brown dorsally with ochre hairs and a central row of pale golden dots; laterally with a yellow stripe. The forewing is triangular with a pointed apex; outer margin crenulate, the distal portion of the inner margin strongly concave. Upperside ground color a deep ferruginous-red, variably patterned with ochreous and orange-yellow patches; the black discal spot has a small transparent center. The basal area includes a dark ochreous patch and a curved line, an olive irregular shape near the cell, a broad brown zigzag stripe, a creamy yellow patch near the tornus, and the apex has a small concavity. Underside—pattern resembles the upperside, but with a paler ground color. The hindwing has the ground color in deep reddish-brown, with faint medial and submarginal bands. Costal margin strongly excavated, forming a prominent subapical lobe. Underside—ground color yellow with a black discal spot; the submarginal line displays a conspicuous reddish-brown, leaf-shaped patch on the edge.</p><p>Female: Similar to the male, though significantly larger, with an ochraceous ground color. Wings broader, with heavier and more extensive patterns. Antennae noticeably slenderer.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figures 14A–D, 16A): Uncus broad, with apex bifurcated into a pair of lobes, each ending in a sharp curved hook. Gnathos absent. Valve rounded, dorsal margin thickened and bent inward, bearing a long, sharp spine ventrally and a sharp hook at the apex. Sacculus with a ventral, elongated, upwardly curved sclerite. Phallus slender, lacking an apical tooth.</p><p>Distribution. China (SE Xizang), Nepal, India (Figure 1).</p><p>Biological notes. This species was collected in middle to high elevation evergreen broad-leaf forest, either attracted to light at night or found hanging on plants at rest by day. This moth can be easily identified by its unique resting attitude: the wings slightly roll upward and are held so that the strongly curved lobe of the hindwing projects well in front of the costa of forewings (Figure 17).</p><p>Remarks. This splendid moth occurs from Southeast Asia, southern China and parts of Himalaya regions, generally inhabiting montane forest over 1000 m. Thus, a number of subspecies have been separated from different mountain ranges based on phylogenetic analyses and small differences in appearance, including the male genitalia (Haxaire, Melichar, Kitching &amp; Brechlin, 2022) (Figure 15–16). The exact borders of the ranges and the taxonomic status of these subspecies requires further verification in future. In this study, we recorded the nominotypical subspecies of S. mirabilis in SE Tibet from China first time, confirmed by DNA barcoding.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFA9FFB6FF1AF88AFB5BFB25	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFAEFFB0FF1AFA16FA53F9E4.text	03B087D9FFAEFFB0FF1AFA16FA53F9E4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhodoprasina Rothschild & Jordan 1903	<div><p>Genus Rhodoprasina Rothschild &amp; Jordan, 1903 [ạṣ天ẽa]</p><p>Rhodoprasina Rothchild &amp; Jordan, 1903, Novit. zool., 9 (Suppl.): 171 (key), 192;</p><p>Type species: Ambulyx floralis Butler, 1876 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFAEFFB0FF1AFA16FA53F9E4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFAEFFB3FF1AF9E4FBA8F85A.text	03B087D9FFAEFFB3FF1AF9E4FBA8F85A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Rhodoprasina floralis (Butler 1876)	<div><p>Rhodoprasina floralis (Butler, 1876) [Oidzạṣ天ẽ]</p><p>(Figures 18–20)</p><p>Ambulyx floralis Butler, 1876; Trans. zool. Soc. Lond., 9 (19): 639; TL: ‘Darjeeling’[West Bengal, India].</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: ♂, Chentang, Dinggyê county, Xizang Autonomous Region, China, 2-VI-2024, Local collector leg. [XZBC] ; ♀, Biebeng Township, Motuo County (1950 m), Xizang Autonomous Region, China, 27-VI-2021, Zheng-Yang Liu leg. [JZHC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figure 18A–B): Head, thorax, and abdomen with dorsal side green, ventral side pale green. Forewing elongate-triangular, with a heavily crenulate outer margin and pointed apex; distal portion of inner margin concave and sparsely covered with brownish-purple scales. Dorsal side green with five dark green curved lines scattered with silver scales from basal to medial area; submarginal area with an indistinct zigzag pattern. Ventral side pale green with red interno-discoidal area; a curved olive line extends beyond the interno-discoidal area, with a nearly straight, white-edged olive line in the medial area and an indistinct submarginal zigzag pattern that becomes brownish-purple towards the tornus. Hindwing—dorsal side red with a whitish costal area and green marginal area; ventral side pale green, with three straight, white-edged olive lines from basal to submarginal area and a faint brownish-purple marking near the tornus.</p><p>Female: Similar to male but significantly larger, with a faded ground color and patterns, broader wings, and more slender antennae.</p><p>Male Genitalia (Figure 19A–D): Uncus elongate and tongue-shaped, with a finely bilobed terminal section. Gnathos absent. Sacculus broad, sclerotized apically, bearing a long, curved, ventral claw; juxta leaf-shaped. Phallus short and straight, with a terminal lobe that features a circular sclerite edged with sharp teeth.</p><p>Distribution. China (S Xizang and SE Xizang), Nepal, Bhutan, India (Figure 1).</p><p>Biological Notes. This species inhabits high-elevation evergreen broadleaf forests. Specimens were attracted to light at night or observed resting on plants during the day (Figure 20).</p><p>Remarks. This species, the type species of Rhodoprasina, has previously been recorded in Nepal, Bhutan, and NE India (Řezáč, 2018). It is distinguished by its heavily crenulate outer margin and variable body coloration, which ranges from green to yellow-greenish or bronze in some individuals. This study records the species for the first time from Chentang, S Xizang, near the China-Nepal border, confirmed by DNA barcoding.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFAEFFB3FF1AF9E4FBA8F85A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFACFFB2FF1AFA27FAC3FA19.text	03B087D9FFACFFB2FF1AFA27FAC3FA19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amplypterus Hubner 1819	<div><p>Genus Amplypterus Hübner, 1819 [kx天ẽa]</p><p>Amplypterus Hübner, 1819, Verz. Bek. Schmett., 9: 133;</p><p>Type species: Sphinx panopus Cramer, 1779 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFACFFB2FF1AFA27FAC3FA19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFACFFAFFF1AF9FBFE08F82C.text	03B087D9FFACFFAFFF1AF9FBFE08F82C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amplypterus mansoni subsp. mansoni (Clark 1924)	<div><p>Amplypterus mansoni mansoni (Clark, 1924) [dzĸkx天ẽDz名亚Ñ]</p><p>(Figures 21–24)</p><p>Compsogene mansoni (Clark, 1924); Proc. New England zool. Club, 9: 17; TL: ‘Sikhim’ [Sikkim, N India].</p><p>Compsogene mansoni pendleburyi Clark, 1938; Proc. New England zool. Club, 17: 39; TL: ‘Bukat Kutu’ [Bukit Kutu, Selangor, Malaysia].</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: ♂, Xima (1500 m), Yingjiang county, Yunnan, China, VI-2023, Wei-Zong Yang leg. [JZHC] .</p><p>Diagnosis: Male (Figures 21A–B, 23A, 24): The Head is brown with a black dorsal stripe; palpi orange. The Thorax is black-brown with a dorsal, pink-brown face-like pattern. The Abdomenwith basal part yellow dorsally, transitioning to brown at midsection, then black terminally; ventral side yellow. The Forewing is elongated, triangular, apex with a small concavity; outer margin smooth; distal portion of inner margin slightly concave. Upperside ground color yellow brown with a black basal zigzag pattern,; base with black patch and curved lines, a black patch and a dark brown medial line near the cell. The medial to submarginal area transitions from olive green to a creamy tone scattered with black scales. The marginal area includes a narrow triangular patch and a black line extending from vein Rs4 to the anal margin, with a large black circular patch near the tornus. Underside—yellow ground color mirroring upperside patterning in brown, with denser brown spots. The hindwing has a yellow ground color with a black patch and curved lines in the middle area scattered with brown spots; submarginal to marginal area black, and the tornus projects sharply. Underside—yellow with grey-brown patterns matching those of the upperside but more extensive.</p><p>Female: Similar to male but noticeably larger, with paler ground color and patterning, broader wings, and more slender antennae.</p><p>Male Genitalia (Figures 22A–D): Uncus long, curved, with a blunt apex. Gnathos shorter and pointed. Valve rounded with a tongue-shaped friction scale. Sacculus shovel-shaped, tapering to a sharp apical hook. Phallus long and straight, with an anterior lobe featuring a finger-like sclerite, edged with fine teeth.</p><p>Distribution. China (W and S Yunnan), India, Bhutan, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia (Figure 1).</p><p>Biological notes. This species was collected in middle elevation evergreen broad-leaf forest, attracted to light at night or found hanging on plants at rest in daytime (Figure 24).</p><p>Remarks. A. mansoni is morphologically similar to the widespread species A. panopus (Cramer, 1779) but is readily distinguishable by its uniformly creamy forewing coloration and falcate shape. The hindwing upperside of A. mansoni lacks the rose-pink patch of A. panopus, where it is prominent. This species is typical of subtropical habitats and has only been recorded in China at border locations, with a confirmed record from Yingjiang, Yunnan (Jiang &amp; Huang, 2023) and Menghai, Yunnan (current study). An isolated subspecies, ssp. takamukui, is endemic to Taiwan, China (Figure 23).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFACFFAFFF1AF9FBFE08F82C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFB0FFAEFF1AFF26FECEFEF3.text	03B087D9FFB0FFAEFF1AFF26FECEFEF3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Griseosphinx Cadiou & Kitching 1990	<div><p>Genus Griseosphinx Cadiou &amp; Kitching, 1990 [â天ẽa]</p><p>Griseosphinx Cadiou &amp; Kitching, 1990, Lambillionea, 90 (4): 16;</p><p>Type species: Griseosphinx preechari Cadiou &amp; Kitching, 1990 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFB0FFAEFF1AFF26FECEFEF3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFB0FFA8FF1AFED5FF1EFEFD.text	03B087D9FFB0FFA8FF1AFED5FF1EFEFD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Griseosphinx marchandi Cadiou 1996	<div><p>Griseosphinx marchandi Cadiou, 1996 [ndzâ天ẽ]</p><p>(Figures 25–27)</p><p>Griseosphinx marchandi Cadiou, 1996; Novit. zool., 33: 379; TL: ‘Hongay, Vietnam’.</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: 1♂, Chongzuo, Guangxi (1840 m), 4-V-2024, Xin Xie leg. [JZHC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figures 25A–B, 27): The head is olive with a gray stripe near the eyes. The thorax is olive with dorsal gray hairs. The abdomen is olive dorsally, with gray hairs and a central row of dark green dots. The forewing is elongated and triangular, with a rounded apex and a smoothly curved outer margin. The forewing upperside has a gray base, interspersed with olive and deep green patches, and a black discal spot; the basal area exhibits curved olive lines with an irregularly shaped deep green patch near the discal cell. The marginal area appears whitish, with the apex and veins Rs4 and M 1 densely covered in white scales. Ventrally, the forewing transitions from a basal ochre ground color to dark grayish towards the margin. The hindwing upperside is uniformly brownish, while the underside is ochre with a dark grayish marginal area.</p><p>Female: Similar to the male but noticeably larger, with paler ground color and patterns, broader wings, and slenderer antennae.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figures 26A–D): The uncus and gnathos form the characteristic “bird-beak” structure of the Macroglossini . The uncus is straight, ending in a tiny apical hook, while the gnathos is slightly thicker, with a slightly spatulate apex. The valve is oval, and the sacculus tapers to a sinuate, sharp hook that is distinctly upcurved apically. The phallus is short and straight, terminating in a bilobed apical process; one lobe is short and broad, edged with several spines, and the other lobe is slender, ventrally projecting, and apically dentate.</p><p>Distribution. China (SW Guangxi), N. Vietnam (Figure 1).</p><p>Biological notes. This species was collected in high elevation evergreen broad-leaf forest, attracted to light at night (Figure 27).</p><p>Remarks. This rare hawkmoth had previously been known from only a very few specimens from N Vietnam, and is characterized by its conspicuous whitish marginal line on forewings. We here report the first male from Chongzuo, Guangxi, China, near the border with Vietnam. Photographs of living adult is also illustrated for the first time.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFB0FFA8FF1AFED5FF1EFEFD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFB6FFA8FF1AFEDFFB7BFE2B.text	03B087D9FFB6FFA8FF1AFEDFFB7BFE2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dahira Moore 1888	<div><p>Genus Dahira Moore, 1888 [öṣ天ẽa]</p><p>Dahira Moore, 1888, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 1888: 390;</p><p>Type species: Dahira rubiginosa Moore, 1888 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFB6FFA8FF1AFEDFFB7BFE2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFB6FFA5FF1AFDACFBAFFF35.text	03B087D9FFB6FFA5FF1AFDACFBAFFF35.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dahira obliquifascia subsp. obliquifascia (Hampson 1910)	<div><p>Dahira obliquifascia obliquifascia (Hampson, 1910) [öṣ天ẽDz名亚Ñ]</p><p>(Figures 28–32)</p><p>Ampelophaga obliquifascia Hampson, 1910; J. Bombay nat. Hist. Soc., 20: 87; TL: ‘Khasia Hills’ [Khasi Hills, Meghalaya, India].</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: 2♂♂, Nyingchi, Xizang Autonomous Region (2050m), 24-V-2024, Xin Wang leg. [JZHC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figure 28A–B, 30A, 32): Head, thorax, and abdomen with dorsal surface purplish-brown with dark brown hairs, ventral surface ochreous. Forewing triangular and elongated, with a sharply pointed apex and smoothly curved outer margin; distal portion of the inner margin slightly concave. Forewing upperside ground color purplish-grey, with a basal area marked by brown crackle patterns, a black discal spot, and two black zigzag lines in the medial area. A broad blackish-brown band extends from the middle of the costa to the outer margin at the end of vein M 3, expanding into a large triangular patch that nearly reaches the tornus. An ochreous lunule, scattered with yellow, present near the apex, with two additional ochreous lunules on the submarginal area below veins CuA 1 and CuA 2. The ground color transitions from the middle of the costa to a greyish tone near the apex. The underside is ochreous with a dark brown internodiscoidal area and six faint dark greyish zigzag lines in the postmedial area; a yellow subapical lunule and two postmedian marks are present below veins CuA 1 and CuA 2. The hindwing upperside uniformly black-brownish; underside ochreous with the inner area greyish and the marginal area brownish, featuring three indistinct dark greyish zigzag lines in the marginal region.</p><p>Female: Similar to the male but larger, with paler ground color and patterning. The wings are broader, and the antennae are noticeably slenderer.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figure 29A–D, 31A): The uncus and gnathos form a typical Macroglossini “bird-beak” structure, with the uncus slightly curved and bearing a minute apical hook. The gnathos is thicker than the uncus, terminating in fine apical teeth. The sacculus is slender, tapering into a sharp, slightly upward-directed apical lobe. The phallus is short and straight, ending in a bilobed apical process; one lobe is short and broad with marginal spines, while the other is slenderer with an apically dentate edge.</p><p>Distribution. China (S and SE Xizang), NE India, Nepal (Figure 1).</p><p>Biological notes. This species was collected in middle to high elevation evergreen broad-leaf forest, attracted to light at night (Figure 32).</p><p>Remarks. This moth occurs from Southeast Asia, southern China and parts of Himalaya regions, generally inhabiting montane forest from middle to high elevations. DNA barcode analysis shows a clear separation of the populations from Taiwan, southeast China, northeast India and mainland South East Asia and these four groups are currently treated as subspecies (Haxaire et al., 2021; Qi et al., 2022) (Figure 30). In this study, we recorded the nominotypical subspecies, D. o. obliquifascia in SE Tibet, China for the first time with DNA barcoding confirming the identification. In the male genitalia, the apical plate of the phallus has a much thinner and longer lateral projection than in the other subspecies (Figure 31). In addition, the subspecies of D. obliquifascia are all very similar in appearance and it is not easy to distinguish them without detailed locality information.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFB6FFA5FF1AFDACFBAFFF35	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFBBFFA7FF1AFEA8FA99FEA1.text	03B087D9FFBBFFA7FF1AFEA8FA99FEA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dahira yunnanfuana subsp. montivaga (Kernbach 1966)	<div><p>Dahira yunnanfuana montivaga (Kernbach, 1966) [云南öṣ天ẽDZƜ亚Ñ]</p><p>(Figures 33–36, 39D–F)</p><p>Acosmeryx montivaga Kernbach, 1966; Ergeb. Forsch. Nepal Himal. Khumbu Himal., 1: 174; TL: ‘Jubing, Nepal’.</p><p>Acosmeryx tibetana Chu &amp; Wang, 1980; Acta zootaxon. Sinica, 5: 419; TL: ‘Nyalam, Xizang, China’.</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: 2♂♂, Chentang (2050m), Dinggyê county, Xizang Autonomous Region (2050m), 24-V-2024, Lu Liu leg. [JZHC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figures 33–34, 39D): Morphologically similar to the nominotypical subspecies, but with a paler body coloration. The black band on the forewing upperside appears less distinct than in the nominotypical subspecies.</p><p>Female: Resembles the male but exhibits a slightly ochraceous hue. The wings are broader with a paler ground pattern, and the antennae are noticeably slenderer than those of the male.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figures 35, 39E–F): Similar in general structure to the nominotypical subspecies, but with differences in the apical process of the phallus, which is sharp and tapered rather than blunt and multidentate as in the nominotypical subspecies. Additionally, the harpe is relatively wider and flatter, contrasting with the tapered, nearly rectilinear form observed in the nominotypical subspecies.</p><p>Distribution. China (SW Xizang), Nepal, Bhutan (Figure 1).</p><p>Biological notes. This subspecies was collected in high elevation evergreen broad-leaf forest, attracted to light at night (Figure 36).</p><p>Remarks. This subspecies was first recorded from China in Zhangmu, Nyalam, Xizang by IZAS (Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences) based on two males (Figure 34), and published as [ƦỄāh天ª] Acosmeryx tibetana Chu &amp; Wang, 1980 (Chu &amp; Wang, 1980; Chu &amp; Wang, 1997). This was later synonymized with Acosmeryx yunnanfuana by Inoue (1990) and then with Dahira yunnanfuana montivaga by Haxaire, Melichar &amp; Manjunatha (2021). In the present study, we provide detailed illustrations of the habitus and male genitalia of newly collected specimens in China, offering updated data since the initial IZAS records from several decades ago.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFBBFFA7FF1AFEA8FA99FEA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFB9FFA1FF1AFB75FEE5FC61.text	03B087D9FFB9FFA1FF1AFB75FEE5FC61.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dahira yunnanfuana subsp. indicus Melichar 2021	<div><p>Dahira yunnanfuana indicus Melichar, 2021 [云南öṣ天ẽ印ª亚Ñ]</p><p>(Figures 37–40)</p><p>Dahira yunnanfuana indicus Melichar, 2021; European Entomologist, 13 (3): 118; TL: S. Xizang, China.</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: 4♂♂, Nyingchi, Xizang Autonomous Region (2050m), 24-V-2024, Xin Wang leg. [JZHC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figures 37A–B, 39G, 40): Resembling the nominotypical subspecies, with a slightly ochraceous body color. The black band on the forewing upperside appears less distinct, while the white square patch is more prominent compared to the nominotypical subspecies.</p><p>Female: Unknown.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figures 38A–D, 39H–I): Similar to the nominotypical subspecies, but with a more sharply tapered apical process of the phallus, in contrast to the blunt, multidentate form in the nominotypical subspecies. The harpe is basally broad and abruptly narrows into a strongly curved hook, rather than the tapered, nearly rectilinear shape seen in the nominotypical subspecies.</p><p>Distribution. China (SE and S Xizang).</p><p>Biological notes. This subspecies was collected in high elevation evergreen broad-leaf forest, attracted to light at night (Figure 40).</p><p>Remarks. This moth occurs from C and SW China and Himalaya regions, generally inhabiting montane forests at high elevations. The species was split into three subspecies by Haxaire et al. (2021) based on the results of DNA barcode analysis and male genital morphology. These subspecies show few differences in appearance but can be separated by small characters in the male genitalia (Figure 39): the shape of the harpe seems to tapered and nearly rectilinear in nominotypical subspecies, wider and flatter in ssp. montivaga, and with a broad base, narrowed into a strongly curved hook in ssp. indicus . In this study, we recorded D. y. indicus from SE Tibet in China and confirmed the identification by DNA barcoding and male genitalia structure, extending its distribution beyond its type locality in S. Xizang.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFB9FFA1FF1AFB75FEE5FC61	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFBFFFA0FF1AF95DFE1FFDDD.text	03B087D9FFBFFFA0FF1AF95DFE1FFDDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dahira klaudiae Brechlin, Melichar & Haxaire 2006	<div><p>Dahira klaudiae Brechlin, Melichar &amp; Haxaire, 2006 [ḛāöṣ天ẽ]</p><p>(Figures 41–43)</p><p>Dahira klaudiae Brechlin, Melichar &amp; Haxaire, 2006; In: Brechlin &amp; Melichar, Nachr. ent. Ver. Apollo (N.F.), 27 (4): 210; TL: ‘Songluohe, Daba Shan, Hubei, China’.</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: ♂, Qinling Mts, Shaanxi, 24-V-2024, Local collector leg. [XZBC] ; ♀, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, 10-V-2024, Yu-Fei Li leg. [JZHC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figure 41A–B): Similar to the D. yunnanfuana, but body color ochraceous and the upperside of the forewing is variegated with ochreous and brown scales, rather than the grey scales of D. yunnanfuana . The discal spot is yellow and the orange patch near the apex is more conspicuous than in D. yunnanfuana . Hindwings more ochraceous.</p><p>Female (Figure 41C–D, 43): Similar to male, but wings broader and ground pattern slightly paler, antennae much slenderer.</p><p>Female genitalia (Figure 42): Anal papillae rounded. Lamella antevaginalis and lamella postvaginalis slender and weakly sclerotized; antrum long, funnel-shaped. Ductus bursae tubular, membranous and slender. Corpus bursae ellipsoidal, signum elongated and covered in tiny spinules.</p><p>Distribution. China (Shaanxi, Hubei) (Figure 1).</p><p>Biological notes. This species was collected in middle to high elevation evergreen broad-leaf forest, attracted to light at night (Figure 43).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFBFFFA0FF1AF95DFE1FFDDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FFBDFF9DFF1AFADEFC93FA0D.text	03B087D9FFBDFF9DFF1AFADEFC93FA0D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dahira melichari Haxaire 2021	<div><p>Dahira melichari Haxaire, 2021 [Wĸöṣ天ẽ]</p><p>(Figures 44–46)</p><p>Dahira melichari Haxaire, 2021; European Entomologist, 13 (3): 126; TL: S. Xizang, China.</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: ♂, Changning County (2359m), Baoshan, Yunnan, 25-VI-2013, Chuan-Hui Yi leg. [SFUC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figure 44A–B): The head, thorax, and abdomen are dorsally grey with a transverse band of black-brown hair; the ventral side is reddish-brown. The forewing is broadly triangular with a pointed apex, and a smooth outer margin. The upperside has a greyish-brown ground color, with a grey waved patch at the base and two crenulate brown stripes in the medial region. A zigzag postmedial band with large silver scales edges the outer side, which also has a row of black dots, and there is a prominent olive eyespot bordered by brown scales near the tornus. Near the apex, there is a slender brown patch. The underside is brown with two zigzag submarginal lines, and silver scales cover the area from the submarginal zone to the margin. Hindwing: The upperside is uniformly greyish-brown, lacking the silver stripes and chestnut patch near the tornus found in similar species. The underside is reddish-brown, with curved medial and postmedial lines and a large silver patch near the apex.</p><p>Female: Unknown.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figure 45A–D): The uncus is strongly bifid, with broad-based apical sclerotized fingers, each of which ends in a darkly sclerotized apical spur. The juxta is elongate and V-shaped. The valve is small and rounded, with a concave inner surface, and the ventral margin encompasses most of the sharp, hook-like harpe. The phallus is slender and slightly curved, with an anterior lobe that has a bifid, double hammerhead shape.</p><p>Distribution. China (W Yunnan, S. Xizang).</p><p>Biological notes. This species was collected in high elevation evergreen broad-leaf forest, attracted to light at night (Figure 46).</p><p>Remarks. This rare moth was previously known only from the holotype male from S. Xizang, China. We here record a second individual from Changning, Boshan, Yunnan from China, which is quite distant from the type locality. The species is characterized by its extremely uniform pattern, the conspicuous silver patch on forewings and the male genitalia. Our findings suggest that the distributional range of this Dahira species is broader than previously documented, warranting further field investigations.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FFBDFF9DFF1AFADEFC93FA0D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FF83FF9DFF1AF980FDFBF946.text	03B087D9FF83FF9DFF1AF980FDFBF946.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acosmeryx Boisduval 1875	<div><p>Genus Acosmeryx Boisduval, [1875] [ess天ẽa]</p><p>Acosmeryx Boisduval, [1875]; Hist. nat. Ins., Spec. gén. Lépid. Hétérocères, 1: 214.</p><p>Type species: Sphinx anceus Stoll, 1781 .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FF83FF9DFF1AF980FDFBF946	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
03B087D9FF83FF9EFF1AF95AFE4AFE4D.text	03B087D9FF83FF9EFF1AF95AFE4AFE4D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acosmeryx formosana subsp. arunachalensis Haxaire & Melichar 2023	<div><p>Acosmeryx formosana arunachalensis Haxaire &amp; Melichar, 2023 [台ŝess天ẽø南亚Ñ]</p><p>(Figures 47–50)</p><p>Acosmeryx formosana arunachalensis Haxaire &amp; Melichar, 2023; European Entomologist, 13 (3): 118; TL: S. Xizang, China.</p><p>Material examined. CHINA: 2♂♂, Bapo (1312 m), Dulongjiang, Yunnan, 6-VI-2024, Yi-Ting Lin leg. [YUC] ; 2♂♂, Maku (1248 m), Dulongjiang, Yunnan, 8-VI-2024, Yi-Ting Lin leg. [YUC] ; ♂, Maku (1270 m), Dulongjiang, Yunnan, 25-VI-2024, Zheng-Yi Miao leg. [JZHC] .</p><p>Diagnosis. Male (Figures 47A–B, 49D, 50): Morphologically very similar to the nominotypical subspecies, but larger and with a paler, more grayish coloration. The transverse black-brown band crossing the forewing distal to the discal cell is less prominent.</p><p>Female: Similar to the male, with broader wings and a slightly darker and more extensive ground pattern; antennae noticeably slenderer.</p><p>Male genitalia (Figures 48A–D, 49E–F): Very similar to those of the nominotypical subspecies, but distinguished by a sharper and more slender harpe. Additionally, the right process of the transverse apical phallus is noticeably longer and more tapered.</p><p>Distribution. China (S Xizang, NW Yunnan).</p><p>Biological notes. This subspecies was collected in middle elevation evergreen broad-leaf forest, attracted to light at night (Figure 50).</p><p>Remarks. This species occurs in E, SE and SW China, north Vietnam and the Himalaya, generally inhabiting montane forest at middle elevations. DNA barcode analysis was used to justify splitting this species into three subspecies (Haxaire &amp; Melichar, 2023). These show little difference in habitus but can be separated by small characters of the male genitalia (Figure 49). The paler and more grayish color and slender size of ssp. sinjaevi compared to the nominotypical subspecies, and, in ssp. arunachalensis, the sharp and slender harpe of the male genitalia are also very conspicuous. In this study, we recorded A. f. arunachalensis from NW Yunnan and confirmed its identification by DNA barcoding and male genitalia structure, thus extending its known range beyond the type locality in S. Xizang.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03B087D9FF83FF9EFF1AF95AFE4AFE4D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng;Xu, Zhen-Bang;Lin, Yi-Ting;Liu, Chang-Qiu;Wang, Xin;Hu, Shao-Ji	Jiang, Zhuo-Heng, Xu, Zhen-Bang, Lin, Yi-Ting, Liu, Chang-Qiu, Wang, Xin, Hu, Shao-Ji (2025): New records and notes of hawkmoths from China (Lepidoptera, Bombycoidea). Zootaxa 5673 (2): 151-188, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5673.2.1
