taxonID	type	description	language	source
077B87DCCC10FFDFFE48FA4C53011C0E.taxon	type_taxon	Type species Xenoceraspis dispar Arrow, 1920 (= Dichelomorpha kurseongana Moser, 1917, senior subjective synonym), by original designation.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC10FFDFFE48FA4C53011C0E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis Body elongate (length 8.2 – 11.2 mm), moderately convex, dorsally covered by semierect setae and several extremely long erect setae on protonum and lateral sides of elytra. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin distinctly upturned with rounded angles. Frontoclypeal and occipital carinae absent. Eye canthus broad, short. Eyes rather small, only slightly extended beyond canthus laterally. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club trimerous, distinctly shorter than antennal shaft. Labrum transverse, lobes rounded. Maxillary palpus tetramerous, apical palpomere nearly as long as palpomeres 1 – 3 combined. Labial palpus trimerous, considerably short. Pronotum convex, widest at about middle; base broader than anterior margin. Basal margin with two angular emarginations and rounded lobe between them. Scutellum broad, with two projections fitting into notches of pronotum basally (Figure 22). Elytra convex, distincly dilated laterally just in front of the metacoxal plate, sutural angle obtuse-angulate. Striae absent, humeral umbone distinct. Macropterous. Metafemora distinctly enlarged, with row of stout short erect setae on posterior margin; metacoxal plate remarkably enlarged. Metatibiae modified, considerably enlarged apically, terminal spurs absent or present. Mesotarsomeres 1 – 4 modified, strongly contracted, saucer-shaped, with setaceous pads ventrally, mesotarsomere 5 elongated, stout. Tarsal claws long, stout, symmetrical, equal in length; protarsal claws cleft apically. Parameres symmetrical, covered with moderately long, sparse, erect setae (Figures 14 – 16). Sexual dimorphism distinctly developed in all known species: females have antennal club slightly shorter, metafemora and metatibiae unmodified, mesotarsomeres 1 – 4 much less contracted, about as long as wide. Morphologically, Xenoceraspis seems to be related to Diphycerus, both genera share the same shape of protarsomere 5 with remarkably thick setae basally (Figure 20), whereas these thick setae are absent in Dichelomorpha and Dicheloschema (Figure 21). Xenoceraspis differs from Diphycerus in having a larger body size and remarkably sexually dimorphic metatibiae.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC10FFDFFE48FA4C53011C0E.taxon	etymology	Etymology Genus-group name Xenoceraspis is derived from Greek words ‘ xenos’ (foreign), ‘ ceras’ (horn) and ‘ aspis’ (shield). Because the word ‘ aspis’ is a femininum in gender, all species-group names associated with Xenoceraspis should be modified accordingly (Article 34.2 of ICZN 1999).	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC13FFDBFE52FA9255A11830.taxon	description	(Figures 1 – 4, 14, 17, 27)	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC13FFDBFE52FA9255A11830.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality Xizang: Medog (Gedang), 2050 m. Type material examined PT (Figures 1 and 2), 1 ♂, labelled: 西藏 [Xizang] 墨脱 [Medog] [p] | 1200 m 卡布 [Kabu] [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1980. V. 10 [hw] | 采集人 金根桃 吴建毅 [collected by: Jin Gentao, Wu Jianyi] [p] || 24203335 || 41 || PARATYPE [yellow label, p] || 拟留 [plan to keep] [hw] || Xenoceraspis ♂ | calcaratus sp. nov. [hw] | 鉴定者: 章有为 [identified by Zhang Youwei] 19 [p] 85. V. [hw]; PT (Figures 3, 4), 1 ♀: 西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 格林 [Gelin] | 1550 - 1850 m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983. V. 19 - 20 [hw] | 采集者 林再 [collected by: Lin Zai] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p] || Xenoceraspis ♀ | calcaratus sp. nov. [hw] | 鉴定者: 章有为 [identified by Zhang Youwei] 19 [p] 85. V. [hw]. Both paratypes are deposited in IZAS. Additional material examined China (Xizang): 1 ♂ (IECA), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (NMPC), Bome, Tangmai, 30 km W of Donjung, 2000 m, 12 – 13. vi. 1997, lgt. A. Wrzecionko; 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀ (MHNG, ex coll. G. Sabatinelli), Tibet, Bome Nyingc [h] i, Tongmai, 1800 m, vii. 2018; China (Sichuan): 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IECA), 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (MUCC), Ganzi [= Garzê], Batang, v. 2018, local collector.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC13FFDBFE52FA9255A11830.taxon	description	Redescription Males. Body length 10.2 – 11.1 mm (Figure 1). Body elongate, moderately convex, surface black, elytra pale brown with blackish margins, femora and head appendages brown, shiny, setation black and pale. Head and pronotum covered with short, stout, semierect setae mixed with very sparse, long and stout setae; lateral parts of elytra with several long, stout, erect setae, disc of elytra with nearly invisible sparse, short, recumbent, pale setation. Legs and ventral surface with long pale resumbent setae, partially mixed with sparse, short and stout setation. Head including clypeus densely and coarsely punctate with short, stout, erect setae mixed with few isolated longer, erect setae near eyes. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin distinctly upturned with rounded angles. Frontoclypeal and occipital carinae absent. Eye canthus broad, short. Eyes rather small, only slightly extended beyond canthus. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club trimerous, distinctly shorter than antennal shaft. Antennomeres 1 – 7 with few isolated setae, club sparsely covered with moderately long erect setae. Labrum transverse, lobes rounded, with coarse irregularly spaced punctures bearing long, erect setae. Maxillary palpus tetramerous, terminal palpomere narrow, only slightly expanded laterally, nearly as long as palpomeres 1 – 3 combined. Labial palpus trimerous, very short. Pronotum nearly as long as wide, convex, widest at about middle; base broader than anterior margin. Basal margin with two angular projections and rounded lobe between them. Surface of pronotum densely and coarsely punctate with exception of narrow transverse impunctate area in front of the scutellum. Dense, short, semirecumbent setae mixed with few isolated long, erect setae. Lateral margins slightly crenulate, with long setae. Scutellum broad, basally with two projections fitting into notches of pronotum. Surface of scutellum punctate with pale, erect setae. Elytra convex, distinctly dilated laterally just in front of metacoxal plate, sutural angle obtuse-angulate. Striae absent, humeral umbone distinct, sparsely punctate. Surface of elytra shiny, covered with shallow, irregularly spaced punctures and moderately dense, semirecumbent short setae mixed with several remarkably long, stout, erect setae. Disc of elytra with nearly invisible sparse setae only. Epipleura distinct, complete, narrow, with row of moderately long erect setae. Macropterous. Legs with femora shiny, irregularly punctate, setaceous; metafemora distinctly enlarged with row of stout, short erect setae on posterior margin; metacoxal plate remarkably enlarged. Protibiae narrow, distinctly bidentate; terminal spur present, slightly curved externally, acute apically, inserted well below the basal tooth. Mesotibiae moderately expanded apically, with a trace of setiferous transversal carina. Mesotibial apical spurs subequal in length, flattened, acute apically. Metatibiae modified, enlarged (Figure 17), with only a trace of setiferous transversal carina, ventrally with a conspicous longitudinal groove covered with short, erect setae. Terminal spurs of metatibiae subequal in length, flattened. Protarsomeres moderately broad; protarsomeres 2 – 4 about as long as wide, with setaceous pads ventrally; protarsomere 5 elongated, as long as protarsomeres 2 – 4 combined, with two rows of short, erect setae ventrally and three conspicous stout, erect setae ventrobasally. Mesotarsomeres 1 – 4 distinctly modified, strongly contracted, saucer-shaped, and angularly produced externally, mesotarsomere 5 elongated, stout; all mesotarsomeres with setaceous pads ventrally. Metatarsomeres unmodified, narrow, elongated. Tarsal claws long, stout, symmetrical, subequal in length; protarsal claws cleft apically. Ventral side of thorax and abdominal ventrites 3 – 7 covered with moderately long, erect setae. Pygidium large, convex, irregularly coarsely punctate with short, semirecumbent setae. Lateral margins of pygidium distinctly bordered. Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical, covered with moderately long, sparse, erect setae (Figure 14). Females (Figure 3) differ from males in the following characters: body length: 10.1 – 10.7 mm, antennal club slightly shorter, metafemora and metatibiae unmodified, protarsomeres 2 – 4 longer than wide, mesotarsomeres 1 – 4 much less contracted, about as long as wide.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC13FFDBFE52FA9255A11830.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis The males of X. calcarata can be easily distinguished from its congeners by the shape of the metatibiae and especially by the presence of terminal spurs on the metatibiae (Figure 17). The females differ from both X. kurseongana and X. longimacularia by the almost glabrous disc of the elytra. See also the key for identification below.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC13FFDBFE52FA9255A11830.taxon	distribution	Distribution China: Nyingchi prefecture in the southeastern Xizang, Garzê prefecture in the western part of Sichuan (new provincial record) (Zhang 1988; this paper) (Figure 27).	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC13FFDBFE52FA9255A11830.taxon	discussion	Remarks The species was described on the basis of the male holotype and ten paratypes (three males and seven females), all from Mêdog County. According to Zhang (1988), most of the types, including the holotype, are deposited in the Shanghai Institute of Entomology, Academia Sinica. Two paratypes are kept at the IZAS.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC17FFD4FE72FEBF54D11FB9.taxon	description	(Figures 5 – 9, 15, 18, 23, 25, 27)	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC17FFD4FE72FEBF54D11FB9.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality Dichelomorpha kurseongana: ‘ Kurseong’; Xenoceraspis dispar: ‘ Sikkim: Gopaldhara, Rungbong Valley’. Type material examined Dichelomorpha kurseongana: ST, 1 ♂ with genitalia missing, labelled: Himalaya | Kurseong [hw] || Dichelomorpha | kurseongana | Typ ♂ Mos [er]. [hw]; ST, 1 ♀: Himalaya | Kurseong [hw] || Dichelomorpha | kurseongana | Typ ♀ Mos [er]. [hw]; ST, 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀: Himalaya | Kurseong [hw] (Figures 5, 6); ST, 1 ♂: Jndia [p] | Kurseong [hw] || Dichelomorpha | kurseongana | Moser | fide K. Katovich 2002 [p, red label]; ST, 1 ♀: Himalaya | Kurseong [hw] || Dichelomorpha | kurseongana | Moser | fide K. Katovich 2002 [p, red label]. All syntypes are deposited in MFNB. Xenoceraspis dispar: ST, 1 ♂, labelled: Type H. T. [p, round label, red margin] || ♂ [p] || Sikkim | Gopaldhara | Rungbong Vall. | H. Stevens [p] || Xenoceraspis | dispar | type Arrow [hw]; ST (Figures 7, 8), 1 ♂: Sikkim | Gopaldhara | Rungbong Vall. | H. Stevens [p] || Xenoceraspis | dispar | Arrow | fide K. Katovich 02 [red label]; ST, 1 ♀: ♀ [p] || Sikkim | Gopaldhara | H. Stevens | 1919 – 162 [p]; ST, 1 ♀: ♀ [p] || Sikkim | Gopaldhara | Rungbong Vall. | H. Stevens [p]. All syntypes are deposited in BMNH. Additional material examined India (Sikkim): 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MHNG), Lachen-Lachung; 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (BMNH), Singhik, 23. iv. 1924, Maj. R. W. G. Hingston [lgt.]; 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (BMNH), Tsuntang, 24. iv. 1924, Maj. R. W. G. Hingston [lgt.]; 1 ♀ (MNCP), Gangtok, 1. – 4. v. 1984, dr. A. Hamet lgt.; India (West Bengal): 2 ♀♀ (MHNG), Kurseong, 1894, R. P. Bretaudeau [lgt.]; 1 ♂ (IECA), Kurseong, 1898, R. P. Decoly [lgt.]; 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀ (ISNB), 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (IECA, Figure 9), Kurseong, 1904, Verschraeghen [lgt.]; 1 ♀ (MHNG), Maria Basti, 1900; 1 ♂ (IECA), 1 ♀ (MHNG), Pedong, A. Desgodins [lgt.]; India (Tamil Nadu): 1 ♂ (BMNH), Madura district, Kodaikanal, Palni Hills, vi. 1915, L. V. Newton [lgt.]; India (no precise locality): 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (ISNB).	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC17FFD4FE72FEBF54D11FB9.taxon	description	Redescription Males. Body length 9.1 – 10.0 mm (Figures 5, 7). Body elongate, moderately convex, dorsal surface brown or black, elytra brown, brown with longitudinal black stripe or completely black; ventral surface brown to blackish brown; femora always bicoloured, brown with blackish apex; head appendages brown, shiny, setation black and pale. Head covered with short, stout, semierect setae; surface of pronotum with short, recumbent, pale setae mixed with few extremely long, erect black setae and with longitudinal stripe of recumbent pale, scale-like setae in the middle. Elytra irregularly covered with semierect, pale setae and several patches of pale, scale-like setae, lateral parts of elytra with several very long, stout, erect setae. Legs and ventral surface with long, pale, resumbent setae, partially mixed with sparse, short and stout setation. Head including clypeus densely and coarsely punctate with short, semierect setae. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin distinctly upturned with rounded angles. Frontoclypeal and occipital carinae absent. Eye canthus broad, short. Eyes rather small, only slightly extended beyond canthus laterally. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club trimerous, distinctly shorter than antennal shaft. Antennomeres 1 – 7 with few isolated setae, club sparsely covered with moderately long, erect setae. Labrum transverse, lobes rounded, with coarse irregularly spaced punctures bearing long erect setae. Maxillary palpus tetramerous, terminal palpomere narrow, only slightly expanded laterally, nearly as long as palpomeres 1 – 3 combined. Labial palpus trimerous, very short. Pronotum distinctly longer than wide, convex, widest about at middle; base broader than anterior margin. Basal margin with two angular projections and rounded lobe between them. Surface of pronotum very densely and coarsely punctate with exception of narrow transverse mostly impunctate area in front of the scutellum. Surface covered by dense, short, semirecumbent setae mixed with few isolated long, erect setae and with longitudinal stripe of scale-like setae at middle. Lateral margins slightly crenulate, with long setae. Scutellum broad, basally with two projections fitting into notches of pronotum. Surface punctate and covered by scale-like setae, with the exception of impunctate stripe at middle. Elytra convex, distincly dilated laterally just in front of metacoxal plate, sutural angle obtuse-angulate. Striae absent, humeral bone distinct, sparsely punctate. Surface of elytra shiny, covered with shallow, irregularly spaced punctures and moderately dense, semirecumbent short setae mixed with several remarkably long, stout, erect setae and with several patches of scale-like setae. Epipleura distinct, complete, narrow, with row of short erect setae. Macropterous. Legs with femora shiny, irregularly punctate, setaceous; metafemora distinctly enlarged with row of stout short, erect setae on posterior margin; metacoxal plate remarkably enlarged. Protibiae narrow, distinctly bidentate; terminal spur absent. Mesotibiae slightly expanded apically, with no trace of transversal carina. Mesotibial apical spurs short, subequal in length, flattened, acute apically. Metatibiae modified, moderately enlarged apically (Figure 18), with no trace of transversal carina, ventrally with shallow, depressed rounded area covered with short, erect setae. Terminal spurs of metatibiae absent. Protarsomeres moderately broad; protarsomeres 2 – 4 about as long as wide, with setaceous pads ventrally; protarsomere 5 elongated, nearly as long as protarsomeres 2 – 4 combined, with two rows of short, erect setae ventrally and two conspicuous stout, erect setae ventrobasally. Mesotarsomeres 1 – 4 distinctly modified, strongly contracted, saucer-shaped, with setaceous pads ventrally, mesotarsomere 5 elongated, stout. Metatarsomeres unmodified, narrow, elongated. Tarsal claws long, stout, symmetrical, equal in length; protarsal claws cleft apically. Ventral side of thorax and abdominal ventrites 3 – 7 covered with moderately long, erect setae. Pygidium large, convex, irregularly coarsely punctate with short, semirecumbent setae mixed with few scale-like setae. Lateral margins of pygidium distinctly bordered. Male genitalia. Parameres symmetrical, covered with moderately long, sparse, erect setae (Figure 15). Females (Figure 9) differs from males in the following characters: body length: 8.9 – 10.2 mm, antennal club slightly shorter, pronotum covered with dense, moderately long, erect setae, metafemora and metatibiae unmodified, protarsomeres 2 – 4 longer than wide, mesotarsomeres 1 – 4 much less contracted, about as long as wide.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC17FFD4FE72FEBF54D11FB9.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis Xenoceraspis kurseongana is a very similar species to X. longimacularia. The males of both species can be recognised by the shape of the apex of the metatibiae, which is only moderately enlarged in X. kurseongana (Figure 18), but considerably enlarged and clearly beak-like in X. longimacularia (Figure 19). The females of X. kurseongana can hardly be distinguished from those of X. longimacularia. The useful character seems to be the shape of the lateral part of the elytra (compare Figures 23 and 24). See also the key for identification below.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC17FFD4FE72FEBF54D11FB9.taxon	distribution	Distribution India: Sikkim and Darjeeling district of West Bengal (Moser 1917; Arrow 1920; this paper) (Figure 27). Male from ‘ Kodaikanal’ in the southern Indian state Tamil Nadu is evidently mislabelled.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC17FFD4FE72FEBF54D11FB9.taxon	discussion	Remarks Xenoceraspis kurseongana is a remarkable species with a narrow geographical range. It was described by Moser in 1917 on the basis of specimens from ‘ Kurseong’ in the Darjeeling district. Arrow (1920) was not aware of this description and inadvertently described the same species under the name X. dispar based on specimens from the nearby locality of ‘ Gopaldhara, Rungbong Valley’, which is about 20 km northwest of Kurseong. Later, Arrow (1941) corrected this error and synonymised X. dispar with D. kurseongana by comparing the original descriptions. The examination of all syntype specimens of both species completely confirmed Arrow’s opinion.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC1BFFCDFE77FF4056A31C50.taxon	description	(Figures 10 – 13, 16, 19, 22, 24, 26, 27)	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC1BFFCDFE77FF4056A31C50.taxon	materials_examined	Type locality Xizang: Medog (Xirang), 800 – 1,000 m. Type material examined China (Xizang): HT (Figures 10, 11), ♂, labelled: 西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 800 - 1000 m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983. IV. 18 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] [p] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [hw] || HOLOTYPE [red label, p] || Xenoceraspis ♂ | longimacularis sp. nov. [hw] | 鉴定者: 章有为 [identified by Zhang Youwei] 19 [p] 85. V. 20 [hw]; AT (Figures 12, 13), ♀: 西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 800 - 1000 m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983. IV. 18 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] [p] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [hw] || ALLOTYPE [green label, p] || Xenoceraspis ♀ | longimacularis sp. nov. [hw] | 鉴定者: 章有为 [identified by Zhang Youwei] 19 [p] 85. V. 20 [hw]; PT, 4 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀: 西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 800 - 1000 m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983. IV. 18 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] [p] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [hw / p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p]; PT, 1 ♂: 西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 1000 - 1200 m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983. IV. 9 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p]; PT, 1 ♂, 1 ♀: 西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 850 m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983. IV. 14 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p]; PT, 1 ♂, 5 ♀♀: 西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 西让 [Xirang] | 1000 - 1200 m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983. IV. 28 [hw] | 采集者: 韩寅恒 [collected by: Han Yinheng] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p]; PT, 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀: 西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 背崩 [Baibung] | 700 - 800 m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983. IV. 31 [hw] | 采集者: 韩寅恒 [collected by: Han Yinheng] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p]; PT, 2 ♀♀: 西藏 [Xizang] [p] 墨脱 [Medog] 背崩 [Baibung] | 850 m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983. V. 17 [hw] | 采集者 [collected by] [p] 韩寅恒 [Han Yinheng] [hw] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p]; PT, 1 ♀: 西藏 [Xizang] [p] 西工湖 [Xigong Hu] | 1250 - 1650 m [hw] | 中国科学院 [Chinese Academy of Sciences] [p] || 1983. V. 8 [hw] | 采集者: 林再 [collected by: Lin Zai] [p] || PARATYPE [yellow label, p]. All types are deposited in IZAS. Additional material examined China (Xizang): 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (MUCC), Chayu, Xia Chayu, vi. 2017, local collector; 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ (IECA), Chayu, Xia Chayu, vi. 2018, local collector; India / China border: 1 ♀ (BMNH), Mishmi Hills, 18. v. 1922, Percy Sladen expedition; 1 ♀ (BMNH), Mishmi Hills, Lohit river, 30. iii. 1935, M. Steele [lgt.]; 1 ♂ (IECA), Lower Dibang valley district, road Tiwarigaon – Mayudia, 1,500 – 2,000 m, 28. – 29. v. 2019, lgt. St. Jákl.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC1BFFCDFE77FF4056A31C50.taxon	description	Redescription Males. Body length 9.1 – 11.2 mm (Figure 10). Body elongate, moderately convex, dorsal surface brown; ventral surface blackish brown; all femora and tibiae brown with darkened basal and apical parts; head appendages brown; shiny, setation black and pale. Head covered with short, stout, semierect setae; surface of pronotum with short, recumbent, pale setae mixed with few extremely long, erect black setae and with longitudinal stripe of recumbent, pale scale-like setae in the middle. Elytra irregularly covered with semierect, pale setae and several patches of pale, scale-like setae, lateral parts of elytra with several very long, stout, erect setae. Legs and ventral surface with long, pale, resumbent setae, partially mixed with sparse, short and stout setation. Head including clypeus densely and coarsely punctate with short, semierect setae. Clypeus transverse, anterior margin distinctly upturned with rounded angles. Frontoclypeal and occipital carinae absent. Eye canthus broad, short. Eyes rather small, only slightly extended beyond canthus laterally. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club trimerous, distinctly shorter than antennal shaft. Antennomeres 1 – 7 with few isolated setae, club sparsely covered with moderately long, erect setae. Labrum transverse, lobes rounded, with coarse irreglarly spaced punctures bearing long erect setae. Maxillary palpus tetramerous, terminal palpomere narrow, only slightly expanded laterally, nearly as long as palpomeres 1 – 3 combined. Labial palpus trimerous, considerably short. Pronotum distinctly longer than wide, convex, widest about at middle; base broader than anterior margin. Basal margin with two angular projections and rounded lobe between them. Surface of pronotum very densely and coarsely punctate with the exception of narrow transverse mostly impunctate area in front of scutellum. Surface covered with dense, short, semirecumbent setae mixed with few isolated long, erect setae and with longitudinal stripe of scale-like setae in middle. Lateral margins slightly crenulate, with long setae. Scutellum broad, with two projections basally fitting into notches of pronotum. Surface punctate and covered by scale-like setae, with exception of impunctate stripe at middle. Elytra convex, distincly dilated laterally just in front of metacoxal plate, sutural angle obtuse-angulate. Striae absent, humeral umbone distinct, sparsely punctate. Surface of elytra shiny, covered with shallow, irregularly spaced punctures and moderately dense, semirecumbent, short setae mixed with several remarkably long, stout, erect setae and with several patches of scale-like setae. Epipleura distinct, complete, narrow, with row of short rect setae. Macropterous Legs with femora shiny, irregularly punctate, setaceous; metafemora distinctly enlarged, with row of stout short erect setae on posterior margin; metacoxal plate remarkably enlarged. Protibiae narrow, distinctly bidentate; terminal spur absent. Mesotibiae slightly expanded apically, with weak trace of transversal carina. Mesotibial apical spurs short, subequal in length, flattened, acute apically. Metatibiae modified, considerably enlarged apically, beak-like (Figure 19), with weak trace of transversal carina, ventrally with depressed, elongated area covered with short, erect setae. Terminal spurs of metatibiae absent. Protarsomeres moderately broad; protarsomeres 2 – 4 about as long as wide, with setaceous pads ventrally; protarsomere 5 elongated, nearly as long as protarsomeres 2 – 4 combined, with two rows of short erect setae ventrally and two conspicous, stout, erect setae ventrobasally. Mesotarsomeres 1 – 4 distinctly modified, strongly contracted, saucer-shaped, with setaceous pads ventrally, mesotarsomere 5 elongated, stout. Metatarsomeres unmodified, narrow, elongated. Tarsal claws long, stout, symmetrical, equal in length; protarsal claws cleft apically. Ventral side of thorax and abdominal ventrites 3 – 7 covered with moderately long erect setae. Pygidium large, convex, irregularly coarsely punctate, with short semirecumbent setae mixed with scale-like setae. Lateral margins of pygidium distinctly bordered. Male genitalia Parameres symmetrical, covered with moderately long, sparse, erect setae (Figure 16). Females (Figures 12) differ from males in the following characters: body length: 8.2 – 10.9 mm, antennal club slightly shorter, pronotum covered with dense, moderately long, erect setae, metafemora and metatibiae unmodified, protarsomeres 2 – 4 longer than wide, mesotarsomeres 1 – 4 much less contracted, about as long as wide.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC1BFFCDFE77FF4056A31C50.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis The males of X. longimacularia differ from X. calcarata by the absence of spurs on the metatibiae and from X. kurseongana by the considerably enlarged and clearly beak-like tip of the metatibiae (Figure 19). The females of X. longimacularia are very similar to those of X. kurseongana, they can be recognised by the shape of the lateral part of the elytra (compare Figures 23 and 24). See also the key for identification below.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC1BFFCDFE77FF4056A31C50.taxon	distribution	Distribution China: Nyingchi prefecture in the southeastern Xizang and a disputed area between India and China south of McMahon Line (Zhang 1988; Wada 2013; Kobayashi and Fujioka 2015; this paper) (Figure 27).	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
077B87DCCC1BFFCDFE77FF4056A31C50.taxon	discussion	Remark The species was described from a relatively large number of specimens, the male holotype and 34 paratypes (11 males and 23 females), all from Mêdog County. Zhang (1988) noted, that the types were deposited in IZAS. Specimens from Xizang: Xia Chayu have partially abraded scale-like setae forming white spots on the elytra. The identification was confirmed by the shape of the apical part of metatibiae of the male.	en	Bezděk, Aleš, Lu, Yuanyuan, Král, David, Bai, Ming (2025): Review of Diphycerini (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Melolonthinae). Part I - the genus Xenoceraspis Arrow, 1920. Journal of Natural History 59 (1 - 4): 57-75, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795, URL: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2024.2442795
