identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
17697141FF9BDD7AFE88B676D2FAFC7A.text	17697141FF9BDD7AFE88B676D2FAFC7A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scotophilus andrewreborii B 2014	<div><p>Scotophilus andrewreborii, new species</p><p>Andrew Rebori’s House Bat</p><p>Holotype. —Voucher CMNH 98049 (Fig. 2); adult male; standard skin and skull deposited at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). Collected on 7 October 1985 by Kimberly Nelson. Prepared by Kimberly Nelson, field number 217. Muscle tissue sample TK 33143. External measurements (mm) are: head-body length 83.0; tail length 50.3; hind foot length 9.0; ear length 9.0; forearm 52.9. Cranial measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 19.6; zygomatic breadth 13.9; braincase breadth 9.1; braincase height 8.5; interorbital width 4.7; greatest breadth across upper molars 9.2; greatest breadth across upper canines 6.8; mandibular length 14.4.</p><p>Type locality. — Kenya: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.116665/lat -0.4)">Rift Valley Province</a>, Nakuru District, 12 km S, 4 km E Nakuru (0º24'S, 36º07'E).</p><p>Paratypes. —Two additional specimens were collected from Kenya and based on morphological and genetic data are designated as paratypes. The first paratype is voucher CMNH 98048; adult female; standard skin and skull deposited at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). Collected on 7 October 1985 by Kimberly Nelson from 12 km S, 4 km E Nakuru (0º24'S, 36º07'E), Nakuru District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.116665/lat -0.4)">Rift Valley Province</a>, Kenya. Prepared by Kimberly Nelson (field number 214). Tissue sample TK 33140. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.116665/lat -0.4)">External</a> measurements (mm) are: head-body length 82.8; tail length 48.2; hind foot length 9.8; ear length 8.8; forearm 53.8. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.116665&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.4" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.116665/lat -0.4)">Cranial</a> measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 19.6; zygomatic breadth 13.8; braincase breadth 9.5; braincase height 7.9; interorbital width 4.3; greatest breadth across upper molars 8.8; greatest breadth across upper canines 6.8; mandibular length 13.6.</p><p>The second paratype is voucher CMNH 98050; adult male; standard skin and skull deposited at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). Collected on 8 October 1985 by Kimberly Nelson from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.31666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.05/lat -0.31666666)">Njoro River</a>, 3 km S, 3 km W Nakuru (0º19'S, 36º03'E), Nakuru District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=36.05&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-0.31666666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 36.05/lat -0.31666666)">Rift Valley Province</a>, Kenya. Prepared by Kimberly Nelson (field number 219). Tissue sample TK 33149. External measurements (mm) are: head-body length 83.4; tail length 50.3; hind foot length 9.9; ear length 9.4; forearm 52.0. Cranial measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 18.7; zygomatic breadth 14.0; braincase breadth 9.0; braincase height 8.4; interorbital width 4.3; greatest breadth across upper molars 8.7; greatest breadth across upper canines 6.8; mandibular length 13.7.</p><p>Distribution. —The type series is known from two localities in Kenya, and there are at least five additional Kenyan localities represented by other specimens. Four specimens, CMNH 61497–61500, were collected at Karibiti. CMNH 61501 was collected in the Laikipia District of the Rift Valley Province: Uaso Nyiro River, Nanyuki. CMNH 98042 was collected in the Kwale District of the Coastal Region: Shimba Hills National Reserve, Makandara Picnic Site, 7 km S, 8 km W Kwale (4º15'S, 39º23'E). CMNH 98044, 98045, and 98054 were collected in the Machakos District of the Eastern Province: Bushwackers, 11 km N, 17 km E Kibwezi (2º19'S, 38º07'E). CMNH 102248 and 102249 were collected in the West Pokot District of the Rift Valley Province: Weiwei River bridge, 1.5 km S, 1.5 km E Sigor (1º29'N, 35º29'E; 1030 m). These combined localities encompass a minimum geographic range of approximately 38,653 km 2, with altitude ranging from approximately 332 to 1905 m asl (Fig. 3).</p><p>Etymology. —It is our honor to name this species for Andrew N. Rebori (1948–2011). Rebori unknowingly touched the lives and inspired many individuals, including many museum professionals. He always maintained a keen interest in animals, especially bats, which exemplified his spirit and attitude toward life, ‘Take flight every new day!’.</p><p>Diagnosis.— Scotophilus andrewreborii is distinguished from S. dinganii from Natal by a combination of external and craniodental features. S. andrewreborii averages slightly larger in body size for most characters (Table 1). Additionally the dorsal pelage in S. andrewreborii is more reddish than the browner dorsal fur of S. dinganii, and the ventral pelage in S. andrewreborii is orange vs. a much darker grey in S. dinganii .</p><p>Cranial measurements in S. andrewreborii are smaller, with non-overlapping measurements for braincase breadth (≤ 9.4 in S. andrewreborii vs. ≥ 9.5 mm for S. dinganii) for males (Table 2), and shorter mean skull length (18.9 in S. andrewreborii vs. 19.6 mm for S. dinganii), narrower zygomatic breadth (13.5 vs. 14.2 mm), shorter braincase height (7.8 vs. 8.1 mm), narrower interorbital width (4.4 vs. 4.8 mm), decreased breadth across upper molars (8.7 vs. 9.2 mm), and decreased breadth across upper canines (6.7 vs. 6.9 mm) for females (Table 3).</p><p>Description.— Scotophilus andrewreborii has a forearm length ranging 46.5–54.1 mm. Dorsal fur is red to mahogany. Ventral fur is tan to orange, darker on the chin and sides of the abdomen. Ears range 8.8–10.8 mm with semi-rounded tips. Ventral plagiopatagium is hairy proximal to body and forearm. Dorsal plagiopatagium, uropatagium, dactylopatagium, tail, legs, and feet are naked.</p><p>Premaxillae is deeply notched and wide. Sagittal crest is prominent along entire braincase. Skull is broad with wide orbits. Zygomatic arch is thin. Vomer has a well developed central process. Palatine bones are angled inward anteriorly. Tympanic bullae are round to oval in shape and well developed. Foramen magnum is round. Occipital condyles are developed.</p><p>Upper incisors (I1) are bilobate with inner cusp much longer than highly reduced outer cusp. Upper canines (C1) are long and well developed. Paracone of upper premolar (P1) is much longer than metacone, which is longer than hypocone. P1 has a smaller diameter, yet longer paracone than molars M1 and M2. Upper molars M1 and M2 similar in size and structure, ellipsoidal triangular outline in occlusal view, interior edge shortest. Paracone and metacone of M1 and M2 similar in length, both are longer than the hypocone. The last molar (M3) is highly reduced, less than ½ the diameter of M1 and M2 with an ellipsoidal rectangular outline in occlusal view.</p><p>Lower incisors (I1–I3) are small. I1 and I2 are well developed trilobate. Lower canine is long and well developed. First lower premolar (P1) is shorter than canine and slightly longer than paracone of M1. Lower molars (M1–M2) are similar in size and structure, with rectangular trapezoid outline in occlusal view, exterior edge shortest. Third lower molar M3 similar to M1–M2 structurally only slightly reduced in size. Paracone of M1–M3 longer than metacone, which is longer than hypocone. All mandibular processes are well developed. Coronoid process is triangular pointing upward. Angular process extends to same level as mandibular condyle.</p><p>Comments.— Scotophilus andrewreborii was referred to as Clade 9 in Trujillo et al. (2009). It is sister to clade 8, described below, from which it differs by 4.9% sequence difference at cytochrome- b which is indicative of species distinction. It differs from nominate S. dinganii (represented by clade 13 in Trujillo et al. 2009) by 9.3% sequence difference at cytochrome- b.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/17697141FF9BDD7AFE88B676D2FAFC7A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brooks, Daniel M.;Bickham, John W.	Brooks, Daniel M., Bickham, John W. (2014): New Species Of Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) From Sub-Saharan Africa. Occasional Papers of the Museum 326, No. 326: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748542
17697141FF96DD7DFC13B7FBD47AFC37.text	17697141FF96DD7DFC13B7FBD47AFC37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scotophilus livingstonii B 2014	<div><p>Scotophilus livingstonii, new species</p><p>Livingstone’s House Bat</p><p>Holotype. — Voucher CMNH 98051 (Fig. 4); adult male; standard skin and skull deposited at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). Collected on 8 November 1985 by Duane Schlitter. Prepared by Duane Schlitter, field number 7394. Muscle tissue sample TK 33534. External measurements (mm) are: head-body length 85.4; tail length 48.4; hind foot length 10.0; ear length 9.2; forearm 51.8. Cranial measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 18.9; zygomatic breadth 13.9; braincase breadth 9.3; braincase height 8.2; interorbital width 4.4; greatest breadth across upper molars 9.0; greatest breadth across upper canines 6.9; mandibular length 14.4.</p><p>Type locality. — Kenya: Western Province, Kakamega District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.21666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.916668/lat 0.21666667)">Ikuywa River</a> Bridge, 6.5 km S, 19 km E Kakamega (0º13'N, 34º55'E).</p><p>Paratypes. —Two additional specimens were collected from Kenya and Ghana and based on morphological and genetic data are designated as paratypes. The first paratype is voucher CMNH 98053; adult female; standard skin and skull deposited at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). Collected on 8 November 1985 by Duane Schlitter from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.21666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.916668/lat 0.21666667)">Ikuywa River Bridge</a>, 6.5 km S, 19 km E Kakamega (0º13'N, 34º55'E), Kakamega District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.21666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.916668/lat 0.21666667)">Western Province</a>, Kenya. Prepared by Duane Schlitter (field number 7396). Tissue sample TK 33536. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.21666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.916668/lat 0.21666667)">External</a> measurements (mm) are: head-body length 85.7; tail length 50.6; hind foot length 9.9; ear length 9.2; forearm 51.7. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=34.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=0.21666667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 34.916668/lat 0.21666667)">Cranial</a> measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 18.9; zygomatic breadth 13.9; braincase breadth 9.1; braincase height 8.0; interorbital width 4.4; greatest breadth across upper molars 9.0; greatest breadth across upper canines 6.8; mandibular length 14.4.</p><p>The second paratype is voucher NMNH 412150; adult female; standard skin and skull deposited at the National Museum of Natural History (Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA). Collected on 22 July 1967 by Bruce Hayward at University of Ghana Botanical Garden (5º40'N, 10º12'W), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.6666665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.2/lat 5.6666665)">Legon</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.6666665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.2/lat 5.6666665)">Eastern</a> (Greater Accra) <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.6666665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.2/lat 5.6666665)">Region</a>, Ghana. Prepared by Bruce Hayward (field number 4135). <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.6666665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.2/lat 5.6666665)">External</a> measurements (mm) are: head-body length 87.4; tail length 45.3; hind foot length 12.3; ear length 10.0; forearm 54.0. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-10.2&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=5.6666665" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -10.2/lat 5.6666665)">Cranial</a> measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 18.7; zygomatic breadth 14.2; braincase breadth 9.2; braincase height 8.3; interorbital width 4.5; greatest breadth across upper molars 9.3; greatest breadth across upper canines 7.2; mandibular length 14.8.</p><p>Distribution. —The specimens are known from two international localities in southeast Ghana and southwest Kenya spanning approximately 3941 km (Fig. 3) with respective altitudes ranging from approximately 100 to 1530 m asl. Two additional specimens (skulls only), CMNH 102250 and 102251, were collected at a nearby locality in the Kakamega District of Kenya: 5 km S, 16 km E Kakamega (0º14'N, 34º54'E).</p><p>Etymology. —It is our honor to name this species for the late David Livingstone (1813–1873). At a time when most of Africa was barely known compared to today, Livingstone, a young Scot of humble means, explored central Africa. Between 1841 and his death in 1873, Livingstone made several expeditions into the interior of the continent, mapping uncharted lands and searching for navigable waterways.</p><p>Diagnosis.— Scotophilus livingstonii is distinguished from S. dinganii from Natal by a combination of external and craniodental features. S. livingstonii averages larger overall in body size (Table 1). Additionally the dorsal pelage in S. livingstonii is more reddish-mahogany than the browner dorsal fur of S. dinganii, and the ventral abdominal pelage in S. livingstonii is light buff vs. a much darker grey in S. dinganii .</p><p>Scotophilus livingstonii is also distinguished from S. dinganii from Natal by cranio-dental measurements. Male S. livingstonii have a shorter mean skull length (18.9 in S. livingstonii vs. 19.6 for S. dinganii; Table 2), and females have a longer mean mandibular length (14.6 in S. livingstonii vs. 13.9 mm for S. dinganii) (Table 3).</p><p>Description.— Scotophilus livingstonii has a forearm length ranging 51.7–55.6 mm. Dorsal fur is reddish brown. Ventral fur is buff with darker orange hue on throat and lower abdominal sides. Ears range 9.2–12.0 mm with rounded tips. Ventral plagiopatagium is hairy proximal to forearm. Dorsal plagiopatagium, uropatagium, dactylopatagium, tail, legs, and feet are naked.</p><p>Premaxillae deeply notched and wide. Sagittal crest is prominent along entire braincase. Skull is broad with wide orbits. Zygomatic arch is thin. Vomer is wide. Tympanic bullae are spherical and well developed. Foramen magnum is round to slightly oval. Occipital condyles are well developed.</p><p>Upper incisors (I1) are bilobate with inner cusp longer than outer cusp. Upper canines (C1) are long and well developed. Paracone of upper premolar (P1) is much longer than metacone, which is longer than hypocone. P1 has a similar diameter and metacone length as molars M1 and M2. Upper molars M1 and M2 similar in size and structure, with triangular outline in occlusal view, interior edge shortest. Metacone of M1 and M2 similar in length to paracone, and both longer than the hypocone. The last molar (M3) is highly reduced, similar in appearance to metacone and proximal hypocone of M2 with an ellipsoidal outline in occlusal view.</p><p>Lower incisors (I1–I3) are small. I1 and I2 present poorly developed bilobate. Lower canine is long and well developed. First lower premolar (P1) is shorter than canine. Lower molars (M1–M3) are similar in size and structure, with trapezoid outline in occlusal view, exterior edge shortest. Paracone of M1–M3 longer than metacone, which is longer than hypocone. All mandibular processes are well developed. Coronoid process is triangular pointing upward. Angular process extends to same level as mandibular condyle.</p><p>Comments.— S. livingstonii was identified as clade 11 by Trujillo et al. (2009). Clade 11 is sister to a clade that includes clade 12 (see below) and nominate S. dinganii (clade 13). Clade 11 included two monophyletic lineages (11A and 11B) that corresponded to specimens from Ghana and Kenya, respectively. These lineages differ by 2.8% in cytochrome- b sequences and they differ from nominate S. dinganii by 5.5% (clade 11A) and 5.2% (clade 11B) which are indicative of species level distinction. The 2.8% difference between the Ghana and Kenya populations indicates these two lineages could be distinct taxa as well (species or subspecies), but more data are required to determine this.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/17697141FF96DD7DFC13B7FBD47AFC37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brooks, Daniel M.;Bickham, John W.	Brooks, Daniel M., Bickham, John W. (2014): New Species Of Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) From Sub-Saharan Africa. Occasional Papers of the Museum 326, No. 326: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748542
17697141FF91DD7FFEB5B7B8D235FC5B.text	17697141FF91DD7FFEB5B7B8D235FC5B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scotophilus ejetai B 2014	<div><p>Scotophilus ejetai, new species</p><p>Ejeta’s House Bat</p><p>Holotype. —Voucher BRTC 57970 (Fig. 5); adult male; standard skin and skull deposited at the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection (Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA). Collected on 23 February 2001 by Duane Schlitter. Prepared by Duane Schlitter, field number 10310. Muscle tissue sample AK 21235. External measurements (mm) are: head-body length 76.0; tail length 41.8; hind foot length 10.7; ear length 11.7; forearm 50.4. Cranial measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 17.5; zygomatic breadth 13.1; braincase breadth 9.2; braincase height 7.7; interorbital width 4.6; greatest breadth across upper molars 8.9; greatest breadth across upper canines 6.7; mandibular length 13.7.</p><p>Type locality. — Ethiopia: <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.883892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.361945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.883892/lat 8.361945)">Orimaya Region</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.883892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.361945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.883892/lat 8.361945)">Dogy River Bridge</a> (8º21'43"N, 35º53'02"E). Collected at 1390 m asl.</p><p>Paratypes. —Two additional specimens were collected from Ethiopia and based on morphological and genetic data are designated as paratypes. The first paratype is voucher CMNH 114043; adult female; standard skin and skull deposited at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). Collected on 2 April 1995 by Duane Schlitter from 7 km N, 10 km W Debre Tabor, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.916668/lat 11.916667)">Wereta-Weldiya Rd</a> (11°55'N, 37°55'E; 2100 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.916668/lat 11.916667)">Gondar Province</a>, Ethiopia. Prepared by Duane Schlitter (field number 9986). Tissue sample SP 13027. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.916668/lat 11.916667)">External</a> measurements (mm) are: head-body length 77.1; tail length 40.4; hind foot length 12.1; ear length 10.2; forearm 50.3. <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=37.916668&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=11.916667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 37.916668/lat 11.916667)">Cranial</a> measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 18.8; zygomatic breadth 13.3; braincase breadth 9.2; braincase height 7.9; interorbital width 4.7; greatest breadth across upper molars 8.4; greatest breadth across upper canines 6.2; mandibular length 13.7.</p><p>The second paratype is voucher BRTC 57954; adult female; standard skin and skull deposited at the Texas Cooperative Wildlife Collection (Texas A&amp;M University, College Station, Texas, USA). Collected on 21 February 2001 by Duane Schlitter at <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.883892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.361945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.883892/lat 8.361945)">Dogy River</a> Bridge (8º21'43"N, 35º53'02"E; 1390 m), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=35.883892&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=8.361945" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 35.883892/lat 8.361945)">Orimaya Region</a>, Ethiopia. Prepared by Duane Schlitter (field number 10292). Tissue sample AK 21213. External measurements (mm) are: head-body length 72.6; tail length 45.1; hind foot length 9.3; ear length 11.3; forearm 50.2. Cranial measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 17.4; zygomatic breadth 12.2; braincase breadth 8.6; braincase height 7.6; interorbital width 4.3; greatest breadth across upper molars 9.0; greatest breadth across upper canines 6.7; mandibular length 13.5.</p><p>Distribution. —The specimens are known from two localities in Ethiopia ranging from 1390 to 2100 m asl. An additional specimen, BRTC 57927 (skull only) was collected at a different locality in the Orimaya Region: E sideshore Bishan Waka Lake (07º18'01"N 35º16'24"E; 1402 m). These combined localities encompass a minimum geographic range of approximately 8580 km 2 (Fig. 3).</p><p>Etymology. —This species is named in honor of Dr. Gebisa Ejeta, Distinguished Professor of Plant Breeding &amp; Genetics and International Agriculture at Purdue University, who was born and raised in the village of Wollonkomi, west-central Ethiopia. Dr. Ejeta is a plant breeder and geneticist who received the 2009 World Food Prize for his research and development of improved sorghum hybrids resistant to drought and Striga weed. The results of his work have dramatically enhanced the food supply of hundreds of millions of people in sub-Saharan Africa.</p><p>Diagnosis.— Scotophilus ejetai is distinguished from S. dinganii from Natal by a combination of external and craniodental features. S. ejetai averages smaller overall in body size, with females presenting non-overlapping forearm length (≤ 50.3 in S. ejetai vs. ≥ 52.5 mm for S. dinganii; Table 1). Additionally the ventral pelage in S. ejetai has an orange hue, whereas the ventral fur is buff with a greyish abdomen in S. dinganii .</p><p>Cranial measurements in S. ejetai are smaller, with non-overlapping measurements for skull length (≤ 18.5 in S. ejetai vs. ≥ 19.2 mm for S. dinganii), zygomatic breadth (≤ 13.3 vs. ≥ 13.6 mm) and braincase breadth (≤ 9.3 vs. ≥ 9.5 mm) for males (Table 2), and zygomatic breadth (≤ 13.5 vs. ≥ 13.8 mm) and braincase breadth (≤ 9.2 vs. ≥ 9.3 mm) for females (Table 3).</p><p>Description.— Scotophilus ejetai has a forearm length ranging 50.2–50.4 mm. Dorsal fur is dark reddish mahogany. Ventral fur is orange with a grayish hue on the abdomen. Ears range 10.2–11.7 mm with rounded tips. Ventral plagiopatagium is hairy proximal to forearm. Dorsal plagiopatagium, uropatagium, dactylopatagium, tail, legs, and feet are naked.</p><p>Premaxillae deeply notched and wide. Sagittal crest is prominent along entire braincase. Orbits are wide ventrally with square outline and rounded corners. Zygomatic arch is thin. Palatine bones are angled inward anteriorly. Tympanic bullae are well developed and spherical to conical in shape with anterior projection. Foramen magnum is slightly oval. Occipital condyles are well developed.</p><p>Upper incisors (I1) are bilobate with inner cusp much longer than highly reduced outer cusp. Upper canines (C1) are long and well developed. Paracone of upper premolar (P1) is much longer than metacone, which is longer than hypocone. P1 has a smaller diameter, yet longer paracone than molars M1 and M2. Upper molars M1 and M2 similar in size and structure, with trapezoid outline in occlusal view, interior edge shortest. Metacone of M1 and M2 longer than paracone, which is longer than the hypocone. The last molar (M3) is highly reduced, half the length of M1 and M2 with a rectangular outline in occlusal view.</p><p>Lower incisors (I1–I3) are small. I1 and I2 present trilobate. Lower canine is long and well developed. Lower premolar (P1) paracone is shorter than canine. Lower molars (M1–M3) are similar in size and structure, with trapezoid outline in occlusal view, exterior edge shortest. Paracone of M1–M3 longer than metacone, which is longer than hypocone. M3 is more reduced than M1 and M2. All mandibular processes are well developed. Coronoid process is low. Angular process extends to same level as mandibular condyle.</p><p>Comments.— S. ejetai was identified by Trujillo et al. (2009) as clade 8 which is a paraphyletic cytochrome- b lineage including S. ejetai haplotypes as well as a single haplotype of S. nigrita . There is a distinct size difference between the two species, and the sharing of similar haplotypes is likely due to past hybridization, mtDNA capture, or incomplete lineage sorting. Clade 8 is sister to S. andrewreborii (clade 9) and is 4.9% different in sequence of cytochrome- b. It is 9.4% different from nominate S. dinganii (clade 13) which is indicative of species level divergence.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/17697141FF91DD7FFEB5B7B8D235FC5B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brooks, Daniel M.;Bickham, John W.	Brooks, Daniel M., Bickham, John W. (2014): New Species Of Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) From Sub-Saharan Africa. Occasional Papers of the Museum 326, No. 326: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748542
17697141FF93DD62FC3AB025D39CFD08.text	17697141FF93DD62FC3AB025D39CFD08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Scotophilus trujilloi B 2014	<div><p>Scotophilus trujilloi, new species</p><p>Trujillo’s House Bat</p><p>Holotype. —Voucher CMNH 98038 (Fig. 6); adult male; standard skin and skull deposited at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). Collected on 18 October 1985 by Duane Schlitter. Prepared by Duane Schlitter, field number 7086. Muscle tissue sample TK 33263. External measurements (mm) are: head-body length 70.8; tail length 37.3; hind foot length 10.3; ear length 7.2; forearm 44.2. Cranial measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 16.4; zygomatic breadth 12.0; braincase breadth 8.8; braincase height 6.5; interorbital width 4.7; greatest breadth across upper molars 8.0; greatest breadth across upper canines 5.6; mandibular length 12.1.</p><p>Type locality. — Kenya: Coastal Province, Kwale District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.583332/lat -4.3)">Moana Marine Station</a>, 1 km S, 2 km E Ukunda (4º18'S, 39º35'E).</p><p>Paratypes. — Two additional specimens were collected from the type locality in Kenya and based on morphological and genetic data are designated as paratypes. The first paratype is voucher CMNH 98040; adult female; standard skin and skull deposited at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). Collected on 18 October 1985 by Duane Schlitter from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.583332/lat -4.3)">Moana Marine Station</a>, 1 km S, 2 km E Ukunda (4º18'S, 39º35'E), Kwale District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.583332/lat -4.3)">Coastal Province</a>, Kenya. Prepared by Duane Schlitter (field number 7089). Tissue sample TK 33266. External measurements (mm) are: head-body length 75.2; tail length 39.2; hind foot length 10.4; ear length 7.5; forearm 45.9. Cranial measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 16.4; zygomatic breadth 12.2; braincase breadth 8.5; braincase height 6.7; interorbital width 4.7; greatest breadth across upper molars 7.6; greatest breadth across upper canines 5.4; mandibular length 12.5.</p><p>The second paratype is voucher CMNH 98041; adult female; standard skin and skull deposited at the Carnegie Museum of Natural History (Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA). Collected on 18 October 1985 by Duane Schlitter from <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.583332/lat -4.3)">Moana Marine Station</a>, 1 km S, 2 km E Ukunda (4º18'S; 39º35'E), Kwale District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=39.583332&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.3" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 39.583332/lat -4.3)">Coastal Province</a>, Kenya. Prepared by Duane Schlitter (field number 7090). Tissue sample TK 33267. External measurements (mm) are: head-body length 67.6; tail length 43.3; hind foot length 9.7; ear length 7.5; forearm 46.2. Cranial measurements (mm) are: greatest skull length 16.4; zygomatic breadth 11.9; braincase breadth 8.4; braincase height 6.9; interorbital width 4.5; greatest breadth across upper molars 7.8; greatest breadth across upper canines 5.3; mandibular length 12.2</p><p>Distribution. —The specimens are known from the type locality in Kenya, with three additional specimens (skulls only) representing two additional localities in Coastal Province, Kenya. CMNH 102240 was also collected in Kwale District of Kenya: Shimba Hills National Reserve, 7 km S, 8 km W Kwale (4º15'S, 39º23'E). CMNH 102241 and 102242 were collected in Taita District of Kenya: 3 km E Taveta (3º23'S, 37º42'E; 760 m). These combined localities encompass a minimum geographic range of approximately 543 km 2, with altitude ranging from approximately 0 to 760 m asl (Fig. 3)</p><p>Etymology. —It is our honor to name this species for Dr. Robert Trujillo (b. 1975), who’s ground-breaking doctoral dissertation on the molecular systematics of Scotophilus paved the way for the description of the four cryptic species described in this paper (Trujillo 2005; Trujillo et al. 2009). Dr. Trujillo’s dedication to science and environmental stewardship are reflected in his outstanding career in the US Forest Service.</p><p>Diagnosis.— Scotophilus trujilloi is distinguished from S. viridis from Mozambique Island by a combination of external and craniodental features. S. trujilloi averages larger in body size and shorter in forearm length, with females presenting non-overlapping head-body (≥ 65.4 in S. trujilloi vs. ≤ 65.0 mm for S. viridis) and forearm lengths (≤ 46.2 in S. trujilloi vs. ≥ 47.4 mm for S. viridis; Table 1). Additionally the dorsal pelage in S. trujilloi is mahogany, whereas the dorsal fur is brown in S. viridis . The ventral pelage in S. trujilloi is orange with a greyish abdomen, whereas the ventral fur is grayish-brown grizzled whitish abdominally in S. viridis .</p><p>Cranial measurements in S. trujilloi differ from S. viridis, with shorter mean braincase height in males (6.7 in S. trujilloi vs. 7.3 mm for S. viridis, Table 2); and females (6.9 vs. 7.2 mm), as well as non-overlapping mandibular length (≤ 12.5 in S. trujilloi vs. ≥ 12.9 mm for S. viridis) in females (Table 3).</p><p>Description.— Scotophilus trujilloi has a forearm length ranging 43.8–46.2 mm. Dorsal fur is reddish-mahogany. Ventral fur is orange with a greyish abdomen. Ears range 7.2–7.9 mm with semi-rounded tips. Ventral plagiopatagium is hairy proximal to body and forearm. Dorsal plagiopatagium, uropatagium, dactylopatagium, tail, legs, and feet are naked.</p><p>Premaxillae deeply notched. Sagittal crest presents along entire braincase. Skull is broad with rounded orbits. Zygomatic arch is thin. Vomer has a well developed central process. Tympanic bullae are spherical and well developed. Foramen magnum is round. Occipital condyles are well developed.</p><p>Upper incisors (I1) are bilobate with inner cusp longer and wider than outer cusp. Upper canines (C1) are very large and well developed. Paracone of upper premolar (P1) is much longer than metacone, which is longer than hypocone. P1 has a smaller diameter but similar metacone length compared to molars M1 and M2. Upper molars M1 and M2 similar in size and structure, with triangular outline that is notched exteriorly in occlusal view, interior edge shortest. Metacone of M1 and M2 slightly longer than paracone, and both longer than the hypocone. The last molar (M3) is highly reduced, similar in appearance to metacone and proximal hypocone of M2 with an ellipsoidal outline narrowing exteriorly in occlusal view.</p><p>Lower incisors (I1–I3) are small. I1 and I2 present weakly developed trilobate. Lower canine is long and well developed. First lower premolar (P1) is shorter than canine. Lower molars (M1–M3) are similar in structure, with trapezoid outline in occlusal view, exterior edge shortest. Paracone of M1–M3 longer than metacone, which is longer than hypocone. M1 and M2 are similar in size and wider in diameter than M3. All mandibular processes are well developed. Coronoid process is low and triangular shaped. Angular process extends to same level as mandibular condyle.</p><p>Comments.— S. trujilloi was identified as clade 12 by Trujillo et al. (2009). Clade 12 is sister to S. dinganii (clade 13) with which it differs by 4.2%, which is indicative of species level divergence. It differs from nominate S. viridis (clade 7) by 11.5%.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/17697141FF93DD62FC3AB025D39CFD08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Brooks, Daniel M.;Bickham, John W.	Brooks, Daniel M., Bickham, John W. (2014): New Species Of Scotophilus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) From Sub-Saharan Africa. Occasional Papers of the Museum 326, No. 326: 1-24, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.15748542
