identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
09B8EA72234558B798D4488B1F2C0800.text	09B8EA72234558B798D4488B1F2C0800.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides bandeira Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian & Takiya & Santos 2025	<div><p>3.2. 2. Triplectides bandeira sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 4, 5</p><p>Henriques-Oliveira et al. 2020: 46 [as Triplectides neotropicus Holzenthal, 1988]</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: BRAZIL • ♂; Espirito Santo, Dores do Rio Preto, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.819054&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.501612" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.819054/lat -20.501612)">Rio Preto behind of housing</a>; 20°30′05.80″S 41°49′08.60″W; alt. 1,359 m; 25 Feb. 2012; white sheet; A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 741]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9178 – Paratypes: BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Alto Caparaó, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.846275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.419111" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.846275/lat -20.419111)">Vale Verde, 2 nd order tributary of Rio Caparaó</a>; 20°25′08.8″S 41°50′46.6″W; alt. 1,307 m; 07 Oct. 2012; A. P. M. Santos leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 706]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9177 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding, except, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.845776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.419888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.845776/lat -20.419888)">Rio Caparaó</a>; 20°25′11.60″S 41°50′44.80″W; alt. 1,306 m; 5 Apr. 2016; light trap; J. L. Nessimian, A. L. H. Oliveira, A. Antunes, A. A. Alves, J. Queiroz leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 6327]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9175 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult male (Holotype). General color golden brown to brown (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, golden brown. Head and thorax mostly brown, with white and brown bristles. Forewings with forks I and V present; discoidal cell apically large (Fig. 4 A, B); cross vein s almost straight, cross vein r-m narrower than m-cu and slightly posterior than that, almost aligned in some individuals (Fig. 4 C). Hind wings broad, with forks I, III, and V present; fork I petiolate (Fig. 4 D). Length of forewing of holotype 15.69 mm, length of hind wing of holotype 11.00 mm. Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Segment IX annular, in lateral view, narrow with anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin slightly concave medially and enlarged dorsally (Fig. 5 A); tergum IX, in dorsal view, with posterior margin subtriangular, mesally protruded over the tergum X, dorsal process present and very short (Fig. 5 B). Preanal appendages digitate, thin, long, setose, more than half of the tergum X (Fig. 5 B). Tergum X, in lateral view, wide basally, almost straight with basal half less sclerotized than apical half, dorsal margin with a small elevation in the mid-length, apex rounded, and slightly upturned (Fig. 5 A); in dorsal view, slightly wide basally with apex subtriangular and protrude mesally with a deep apicomesal incision, reaching half the length of the tergum, with a ridge parallel to the lateral margin bearing very short, stout setae (Fig. 5 B). Inferior appendages long, surpassing tergum X, bearing very long setae; 1 st article, in lateral view, enlarged at base, constricted medially, with apical portion narrow and rounded (Fig. 5 A); apicodorsal lobes digitate, long, extending beyond second article, with very long setae (Fig. 5 C); basoventral lobes digitate, longer than mesal lobes, rounded at apex and setose (Fig. 5 C); in ventral view, mesal lobes long, in some specimens almost the same length as the phallic apparatus, narrowing towards the apex, rounded and rough, in some individuals giving a club-like appearance, and coloration with a gradient from brown to darker towards the apex (Fig. 5 C); 2 nd article long, slender, wide at base, gradually curved inward with acute pointed apex (Fig. 5 A, C). Phallic apparatus simple, tubular, with a mesal apical incision, bearing a small mesal projection (Fig. 5 D), with phallotremal sclerite small, rod-like, apically positioned (Fig. 5 D, E). — Adult female, larva, and pupa unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet ‘ bandeira ’ refers to Bandeira Peak, the third highest mountain in Brazil, and it is situated in Serra do Caparaó, on the border between states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo Minas Gerais, where the new species was collected.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais States).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Found inhabiting in Atlantic Forest streams at different altitudes in Serra do Caparaó Mountain range, usually in rocky streams and shady areas.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Molecular results indicate that specimens previously identified as T. bandeira sp. nov. potentially represent a complex of species, with COI K 2 P divergences reaching 20.5 %, higher than any interspecific divergence observed among Triplectides species (Table 3). Only the ASAP analysis with EF- 1 α sequences indicated the five analyzed sequences of bandeira complex belonged to a single species (Fig. 1). These specimens studied are from different localities, but in the same mountain range, the Serra do Caparaó. Our morphological study allowed to distinguish this species from the others, but it failed to distinguish more than one species within it. Although small variations were observed, for example in the apex of the mesal lobes of the inferior appendages, they were not consistent in the specimens analyzed. Therefore, we recognize this taxon, T. bandeira sp. nov., as being a complex of cryptic species and we hope that new data in the future will help to distinguish them. To avoid any taxonomic problem, the description and illustrations provided here are based exclusively on the male holotype and we are including here only specimens from one lineage (as in Fig. 1) in the definition of this new species.</p><p>This species can be confused with T. neotropicus Holzenthal and T. gracilis (Burmeirster) . Triplectides neotropicus was described from specimens collected in Cerro de La Neblina, Venezuela. According to Holzenthal (1988), T. neotropicus can be distinguished from its congeners by the mesal lobe of each inferior appendage with apex somewhat capitate and by the very broad apical region of the forewing discoidal cell, and length of forewings varying between 12–14 mm. The new species shows some differences in relation to above-mentioned species. In terms of size, the new species is robust and big, with forewings exceeding 15 mm in length. In the hind wing, T. neotropicus has fork I with a very short petiole, while fork I in the new species has a distinct petiole. Addditional differences are observed in the mesal lobe of the inferior appendages. In the new species, the mesal lobe is long and somewhat sinuous, similar to T. gracilis, narrowing towards the apex. This lobe can be thin and tapering in some individuals, and appear rounded and rough, giving a club-like appearance in others. In contrast, the mesal lobe of T. neotropicus is roughly triangular, broadest apically, narrowest subapically, with a somewhat capitate apex.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/09B8EA72234558B798D4488B1F2C0800	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
48DD2A06072D5C1CA82F63B10DCC5A8F.text	48DD2A06072D5C1CA82F63B10DCC5A8F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides caparaoensis Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian & Takiya & Santos 2025	<div><p>3.2. 3. Triplectides caparaoensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 6, 7, 8, 9</p><p>Henriques-Oliveira et al. 2020: 46 [as Triplectides ultimus Holzenthal 1988]</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: BRAZIL • ♂; Espirito Santo, Dores do Rio Preto, Pedra Menina, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.828304&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.828304/lat -20.472)">Rio São Domingos, Cachoeira da Farofa</a>; 20°28′19.20″S 41°49′41.90″W; alt. 1,897 m; 06 Jan. 2013; light trap; L. L. Dumas, B. H. L. Sampaio, A. L. H. Oliveira, J. L. Nessimian leg.; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9158 – Paratypes: BRAZIL • 1 larva; same data as for holotype; 27 Mar. 2012; A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 1987]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9162 • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; 14 Jan. 2014; light trap; A. L. H. Oliveira, G. A. Jardim, J. L. Nessimian, A. L. R. Silva, C. Portela leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2381]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9163 • 1 larva; Espirito Santo, Dores do Rio Preto, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.83064&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.482445" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.83064/lat -20.482445)">Cachoeira dos Sete Pilões</a>; 20°28′56.80″S 41°49′50.30″W; alt. 1,869 m; 14 Jan. 2014; A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 3719]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9164 • 1 larva; same data as for preceding; 06 Jan. 2013; A. L. H. Oliveira. J. L. Nessimian leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 1995]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9165 • 1 larva; Espirito Santo, Iúna, Serra do Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.83097&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.368195" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.83097/lat -20.368195)">Rio Claro, Cachoeira do Rogério</a>; 20°22′05.5″S 41°49′51.50″W; alt. 1,071 m; 24 Mar. 2012; A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 1986]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9161 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Minas Gerais, Alto Caparaó, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.845776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.419888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.845776/lat -20.419888)">Vale Verde, Rio Caparaó</a>; 20°25′11.6″S 41°50′44.80″W; alt. 1,306 m; 05 Oct. 2010; white sheet; L. L. Dumas, J. L. Nessimian leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 5928]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9160 • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ same data as for preceding; MNRJ • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; 07 Oct. 2010; UV light; L. L. Dumas, J. L. Nessimian leg. DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9159 • 1 ♂; same data as preceding; MNRJ . • 2 ♂, 1 ♀; Minas Gerais, Alto Caparaó, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.83433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.410583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.83433/lat -20.410583)">Vale Encantado, Rio José Pedro</a>; 20°24′38.10″S 41°50′03.60″W; alt. 1,912 m; 05 Oct. 2010; B. Clarkson, I. C. Gonçalves leg.; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9156 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9157 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult male. General color golden brown (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, golden brown. Head and thorax are mostly brown. Forewings with forks I and V present (Fig. 6 A); discoidal cell apically widened; cross vein s sinuous; cross vein r-m slightly shorter than m-cu (Fig. 6 C). Hind wings broad, with forks I, III, and V present (Fig. 6 B); fork I with petiole (Fig. 6 D). Length of forewing 18–22 mm, length of hind wing 15–18 mm (n = 9). Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Segment IX annular, in lateral view, narrow, with anterior margin almost straight and enlarged dorsally, posterior margin slightly concave medially (Fig. 7 A); in dorsal view, tergum IX with posterior margin subtriangular, slightly protruding mesally, some individuals have a small, rounded median process that is absent in the holotype (Fig. 7 A). Preanal appendages digitate, half the length of tergum X, setose, slightly constricted basally, narrowing to the apex, in lateral view oblong. (Fig. 7 B). Tergum X, in lateral view, wide basally, saddle-like, with a membranous median region, slightly elevated, tapering apically to a rounded apex (Fig. 7 A); in dorsal view, wide basally, bearing very short stout setae, apex slightly widened and subtruncate, with apicomesal incision extending to half length of the segment (Fig. 7 B). Inferior appendages, long, extending beyond tergum X, bearing very long setae (Fig. 7 A); 1 st article, in lateral view, wide at base, constricted medially, with subapical portion slightly widened, and narrowing towards the apex (Fig. 7 A); apicodorsal lobe digitate, elongate, extending beyond 2 nd article, with very long setae (Fig. 7 A, C); basoventral lobes digitate, elongate, narrower in the apex, extending beyond 2 nd article, bearing very long setae (Fig. 7 A, C); in ventral view, mesal lobe shorter than basoventral lobe, subquadrate, wide at base with apex obliquely truncate, internally acute and externally rounded (Fig. 7 C); 2 nd article short, slender, gradually curved mesad to acute apex (Fig. 7 A, C). Phallic apparatus simple, tubular, with a mesal apical incision (Fig. 7 D) with phallotremal sclerite small, rod-like, apically positioned (Fig. 7 D, E). — Adult female. General color golden brown (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, golden brown. Length of forewing 18–20 mm, length of hind wing 14–16 mm (n = 3). Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Sternum VIII, in ventral view, with a sclerotized plate, brown; sternum with anterior margin concave, posterior margin with a shallow V-shaped incision mesally (Fig. 8 A). Segment IX sclerotized dorsally, posterior margin subtruncate, with pair of small dorsal processes, fused (Fig. 8 B). Preanal appendages small and setose; in lateral view, short, broad at base, subtriangular, truncate, slightly concave apically, where a minute sensilla-bearing process is fused each preanal appendage (Fig. 8 B). Lamellae well-developed, sclerotized, flap-like, quadrangular in lateral view (Fig. 8 A, B). Gonopod plate subtriangular with apicomesal process striate; spermathecal sclerite elongate, broad, and sclerotized, in ventral view (Fig. 8 A). — Larva. Total length 12–18 mm (n = 4) (Fig. 9 A). — Head: Coloration (in alcohol) dark brown, with yellow oval areas around stemmata. Muscle scars reddish brown (Fig. 9 B). Head subrectangular, enlarged posteriorly (Fig. 9 B). Labrum reddish brown, subrectangular with a brush of setae on anterior margin. Mandibles asymmetrical, dark, typical for Triplectides (left mandible with 6 teeth around a concavity and right mandible with 5 teeth). Submentum oval. Ventral apotome subtriangular, elongate, with anterior portion wide with a constriction at mid-length and posterior portion narrowing to an acute tip (Fig. 9 B). — Thorax: Pronotum dark brown; anterior margin crenulate: crenulations rounded except for the anterolateral corners slightly pointed (Fig. 9 C, D). Mesonotum brown to dark brown almost completely covered by a pair of sclerites: sa 1 each with 1 long single seta; sa 2 each with 3 setae, anteromesal and anterolateral long and one short posterior setae; sa 3 each with 5 setae, a very long on the corner and other 4 shorter). Metanotum covered by 3 pairs of sclerites, sa 1 quadrate, bearing each a long single seta, sa 2 weakly sclerotized, subquadrate, each with single seta, sa 3 sclerites oval, same length or slightly longer than sa 1 sclerites, each with 4 setae (2 very long, 1 short, and 1 very short). Prosternum subrectangular. Mesosternum with pair of sclerites subtriangular and curved laterally. Metasternum with setal areas bearing 15–25 setae (Fig. 9 E). Foretrochantin with dorsal margin curved, anteroventral corner rounded and anterodorsal corner pointed and upturned (Fig. 9 C). Legs dark brown to reddish brown with lighter stripes, and setose (Fig. 9 G). — Abdomen: Gills simple, present on segments II – VIII, segments II – VII with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments; segment VIII with ventral filaments (Fig. 9 H). Segments III – VIII with lateral fringes. Segments II – VII without dorsal setae. Segment VIII with a pair of setae laterally, and a pair of very long setae on posterodorsal margin. Segment IX dorsal sclerite with 6 very long setae on its posterior margin, 2 lateral and 1 mesal, and 2 pairs of very short setae behind those pairs (Fig. 9 F); anal claw single and pointed with a small dorsal accessory hook (Fig. 9 F). — Larval case: Length up to 14 mm (n = 4). A simple hollow stick or composed by hollow wood stick with attached leaves and smaller sticks with silk near the opening (Fig. 9 I). — Pupa unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet caparaoensis refers to Serra do Caparaó Mountain range, where specimens of this new species were collected.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Espiríto Santo and Minas Gerais States).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>This species was found in Atlantic Forest streams with crystalline waters, larger than third order, with waterfalls, sunny, and large deposits of leaf litter. So far, this species is only known from Serra do Caparaó mountain range.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The male of Triplectides caparaoensis sp. nov. is similar to that of T. ultimus Holzenthal, 1988 and T. nessimiani Desiderio and Pes, 2020 by having a short mesal lobe on the inferior appendage. However, in T. caparaoensis sp. nov. the mesal lobe is subquadrate with apex obliquely truncate with the internal margin slightly acute at the corner and the external margin rounded (Fig. 7 A), whereas in T. ultimus the external margin is subquadrate and slightly concave in anterior margin, and in T. nessimiani the mesal lobe has an acute lateral projection and 5–7 stout ventral setae basally. Furthermore, the new species can be easily distinguished by tergum X slightly widened apically with subtruncate apex, and apicomesal excision extending anteriorly near half-length of the segment (Fig. 7 B), while in T. ultimus tergum X has rounded apex and in T. nessimiani the tergum X is short and obliquely truncate at apex. The new species is also recognized by the preanal appendages which are digitate and oblong (Fig. 7 C), being digitate and slender with pointed apex in T. ultimus and digitate with a rounded apex in T. nessimiani .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/48DD2A06072D5C1CA82F63B10DCC5A8F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
B0DD802AAE7D54BF93E855022E42C01C.text	B0DD802AAE7D54BF93E855022E42C01C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides cerradoensis Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian & Takiya & Santos 2025	<div><p>3.2. 4. Triplectides cerradoensis sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 10, 11</p><p>Henriques-Oliveira et al. 2019: 46 [as Triplectides gracilis (Burmeister 1839) or as T. neotropicus Holzenthal 1988]</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, São João Batista do Glória, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Ribeirão Grande, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.522057&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.505497" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.522057/lat -20.505497)">Pousada Mata do Engenho</a>; 20°30′19.79″S 46°31′19.4″W; alt. 747 m; 24 Mar. 2015; light trap; J. L. Nessimian, I. C. Rocha, L. L. Dumas, A. L. H. Oliveira, S. P. Gomes leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 3216]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9192 . – Paratypes: BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, São Roque de Minas, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, Cachoeira do Jota, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.670002&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.147223" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.670002/lat -20.147223)">Rio Araguari</a>; 20°08′50.00″S 46°40′12.00″W; alt. 1,141 m; 16 Sep. 2015; J. L. Nessimian, A. L. H. Oliveira, I. C. Rocha, P. M. Souto leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2317]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9196 • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Catas Altas, RPPN Santuário do Caraça, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.486137&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.100918" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.486137/lat -20.100918)">trail of the Lobo-Guará</a>; 20°06′03.3″S 43°29′10.1″W; alt. 1,240 m; 13 Mar. 2015; D. M. Takiya, B. M. Camisão, C. C. Gonçalves leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 3725]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9195 • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Itabira, Ipoema, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.47464&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.580168" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.47464/lat -19.580168)">Parque Estadual Mata do Limoeiro, road to Comunidade do Cedro, Córrego Taquaruçu</a>; 19°34′48.6″S 43°28′28.7″W; alt. 715 m; 15 Dec. 2019; light trap; A. P. M. Santos, A. A. Alves, A. L. H. Oliveira, B. M. S. Cavalcante leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 5345]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9194 • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Itabirito, Vale do Catana, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.640556&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.20786" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.640556/lat -20.20786)">Cachoeira da Carranca</a> 20°12′28.30″S 43°38′26″W; 10 Oct. 2010; light trap; B. Clarkson, I. C. Gonçalves, J. L. Nessimian, L. L. Dumas, N. Ferreira-Jr leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 3727]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9193 • 1 ♂; São Paulo, São José do Barreiro, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.618774&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.730446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.618774/lat -22.730446)">Parque Nacional da Serra da Bocaina, 2 nd order stream near the park entrance</a>; 22°43′49.6″S 44°37′7.6″W; 20 Oct. 2013; light trap; P. M. Souto leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2308]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9197 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult male. General color golden brown (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, golden brown. Head and thorax mostly golden brown. Forewings with forks I and V present (Fig. 10 A); discoidal cell long and apically widened; tyridial cell almost twice the length of discoidal cell (Fig. 10 A); cross vein s straight and short, r-m and m-cu almost the same width and aligned (Fig. 10 C). Hind wings broad, with forks I, III, and V present (Fig. 10 B); fork I with a distinct petiole (Fig. 10 D). Length of forewing 13–15 mm, length of hind wing 9.5–11.5 mm (n = 6). Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Segment IX annular, in lateral view, narrow with anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin slightly convex medially and enlarged dorsally, produced over tergum X (Fig. 11 A); tergum IX, in dorsal view, with posterior margin triangular, mesally protruded over the tergum X (Fig. 11 B); some individuals have a median process with a very small incision apically, that is absent in the holotype. Preanal appendages digitate, thin, slightly longer than half the length of tergum X, bearing very long setae (Fig. 11 A). Tergum X, in lateral view, with anterior area elevated with basal half less sclerotized than apical half, apex rounded and slightly upturned (Fig. 11 A); in dorsal view, almost straight, with apex subtriangular and rounded, V-shaped apicomesal incision longer than half the length of the tergum X (Fig. 11 A, B). Inferior appendages, long, extending beyond tergum X, bearing very long setae; 1 st article, in lateral view, wide at base, constricted medially, with apical portion narrow and rounded apically (Fig. 11 A); apicodorsal lobe digitate, long, extending beyond second article, with very long setae (Fig. 11 A); basoventral lobes digitate, rounded and bearing long setae (Fig. 11 A); in ventral view, mesal lobes extending beyond insertion of the 2 nd article, broad at the base, sinuate with rounded and blunt apex, mesal lobe coloration with a brown to dark brown gradient towards apex, and in some individuals the apex may have a slightly rough texture (Fig. 11 C); 2 nd article elongate, slender, wider at base, gradually curved mesad, and acute apically (Fig. 11 C). Phallic apparatus simple, tubular, with a mesal apical U-shaped incision, in ventral view (Fig. 11 D), with phallotremal sclerite small, rod-like, apically positioned (Fig. 11 D, E). — Adult female, larva, and pupa unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet ‘ cerradoensis ’ refers to the Cerrado biome, the second largest vegetational biome in Brazil. The Cerrado, also known as ‘ Brazilian savannah, ’ extends over 1.5 million km 2 in the central Brazil and covers 11 states and the Federal District.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Minas Gerais and São Paulo States).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Specimens were collected in creeks of different orders and distinct physical characteristics, from stony to sandy bottoms in open areas with scarce marginal vegetation and with high luminosity.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In T. cerradoensis sp. nov. the inferior appendages, is characterized by a long mesal lobe that is broad at the base, sinuate, and terminating in a rounded and blunt apex (Fig. 11 A), with a brown coloration gradually darkening toward the apex, represent a key diagnostic feature distinguishing this species from its congeners. Although this structure is somewhat similar to that of T. flintorum, the new species can be readily separated by the morphology of tergum X. In dorsal view, tergum X is nearly straight, with a subtriangular, rounded apex and a distinct V-shaped apicomesal incision extending to mid-length (Fig. 11 B). In contrast, T. flintorum exhibits a straight, truncate apex on tergum X, with only a short apicomesal incision. Additional distinguishing characteristics include the configuration of the forewing crossveins: in the new species, crossvein s is short and straight, while crossveins r-m and m-cu are of nearly equal width and aligned (Fig. 10 A). In T. flintorum, crossvein s is longer, also straight, and either directly contacting r-m or slightly distal to it, as observed by Holzenthal (1988). Intraspecific K 2 P divergences of COI sequences were relatively high for this species (8.7 %) (Table 3). The ASAP results for both COI and EF- 1 α sequences supported this new species (Fig. 1). Conversely, the bPTP analyses indicated more potential species within this taxon (Fig. 1).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B0DD802AAE7D54BF93E855022E42C01C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
A2E5764DCB2050F596EF2D59842F615D.text	A2E5764DCB2050F596EF2D59842F615D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides cipo Henriques-Oliveira & Dumas 2015	<div><p>3.2. 9. Triplectides cipo Henriques-Oliveira &amp; Dumas, 2015</p><p>Figure 26</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Itabira, Ipoema, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.478363&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.420916" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.478363/lat -19.420916)">road to Morro Redondo, Córrego do Macuco</a>; 19°25′15.3″S 43°28′42.1″W; alt. 705 m; 16 Dec. 2019; A. L. H. Oliveira, A. P. M. Santos, A. A. Almeida, B. M. Cavalcante leg.; white sheet; [DNA voucher ENT 5344]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9187 • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Jaboticatubas, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.600777&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-19.371305" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.600777/lat -19.371305)">Córrego das Pedras</a>; 19°22′16.70″S 43°36′02.80″W; alt. 766 m; 2 Mar. 2013; A. L. H. Oliveira, D. M. Takiya, A. P. M. Santos, B. H. Lanzelotti, B. M. Camisão leg.; Malaise trap; [DNA voucher ENT 1128]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9185 • 1 larva; Minas Gerais, São João Batista do Glória, Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.519577&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.505497" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.519577/lat -20.505497)">Ribeirão Grande</a>; 20°30′19.79″S 46°31′10.48″W; alt. 747 m; 24 Mar. 2015; A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 3230], DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9189 • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, São Roque de Minas, Serra da Canastra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-46.643906&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.244026" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -46.643906/lat -20.244026)">afluente do Rio das Posses near to Pousada Dois Irmãos</a>; 20°14′38.49″S 46°38′38.05″W; alt. 833 m; 01 Sep. 2015; J. L. Nessimian, L. L. Dumas, I. C. Rocha, P. M. Souto, N. Ferreira-Jr. leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 3217]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9186 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult. For a full description of male and female adults of T. cipo see Henriques-Oliveira and Dumas (2015). — Larva. Length up to 15.5 mm (n = 1) (Fig. 26 A). — Head: Coloration (in alcohol) golden to reddish brown with pale brown oval area around stemmata; almost rectangular (Fig. 26 A). Muscle scars pale brown. (Fig. 26 B). Labrum reddish brown, subtrapezoidal with 8 setae (mesal pair shorter than others). Mandibles, asymmetrical, dark, typical for Triplectides . Submentum oval. Ventral apotome subtriangular, wide anteriorly and narrower posteriorly, slightly constricted at mid-length, rounded apically (Fig. 26 B). — Thorax: Pronotum reddish brown with muscle scars pale brown; anterior margin almost smooth, lateral margin smooth and rounded, posterior margin dark (Fig. 26 C, D). Mesonotum with same colors of pronotum, almost covered by a pair of large sclerites: sa 1 each with a single long seta; sa 2 each with 3 setae: (one long mesal and 2 short), sa 3 each with 5 setae (1 long and 4 short); metanotum covered by 5 sclerites: sa 1 quadrate, bearing a single seta, sa 2 seems fused, forming a single sclerite, weakly sclerotized, with a pair of long setae, sa 3 sclerites elongate, oval, each bearing 3 setae of about the same size (Fig. 26 D). Prosternum trapezoidal. Mesosternum with a pair of subtriangular sclerites curved laterally (Fig. 26 E). Metasternum with a dark, sclerotized setal area, bearing about 10 setae (Fig. 26 E). Foretrochantin with distal portion of the anterior margin very curved, pointed, and upturned, with posterior margin almost straight and truncate (Fig. 26 C). Legs pale brown and setose (Fig. 26 G). — Abdomen: Gills simple, present on segments II – VIII; segments II – VIII with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments (Fig. 26 H). Segment I with a pair of anteromesal setae; segments III – VIII with lateral fringes. Segment IX dorsal sclerite with 6 long setae on its posterior margin, and 2 pairs of very short setae behind those, 1 anterolateral seta on each side of the sclerite (Fig. 26 E). Anal claw single, large and acute, with a very small dorsal accessory hook (Fig. 26 E). — Larval case: Length up to 25 mm. A simple hollow twig or small sticks (Fig. 26 I). — P upa unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Minas Gerais State).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Larvae were collected in areas with characteristic Cerrado vegetation, in stony streams originally formed by quartzite or limestone rock, with many rapids, shallow waters, and very sunny.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In general, larvae of T. cipo are very similar to other Triplectides larvae showing the head and body sclerites golden to reddish brown, with head appearing rectangular. The main characteristics to identify individuals of T. cipo are: submentum oval and ventral apotome subtriangular, widened anteriorly and narrower in posterior portion, with a rounded tip (Fig. 26 B); foretrochantin very curved anterodorsally, pointed and upturned with anteroventral margin rounded (Fig. 26 C), beyond the position of setal area in mesonotum; metanotum composed by 5 sclerites (Fig. 26 D); and abdominal gills present on segments II – VIII with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2E5764DCB2050F596EF2D59842F615D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
624CBC732FD05E529E8E0B1EE22E043A.text	624CBC732FD05E529E8E0B1EE22E043A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides cipo Henriques-Oliveira & Dumas 2015	<div><p>3.3. 1. Triplectides cipo Henriques-Oliveira &amp; Dumas, 2015</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • 2 ♂; Mato Grosso do Sul, Bonito, Hotel Cabanas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-56.44642&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-21.171165" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -56.44642/lat -21.171165)">Córrego Formosinho</a>; 21°10′16.2″S 56°26′47.1″W; 8–12 Sep. 2013; Malaise trap; D. M. Takiya, A. P. M. Santos leg.; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9188 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀; same data as for preceding; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9271 .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Triplectides cipo was described from the Serra do Cipó mountain range recorded in several streams from the Cerrado biome in Minas Gerais State. Desiderio et al. (2017) recorded this species in the Chapada das Mesas, Maranhão State, and this species is herein recorded to Mato Grosso do Sul State.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Minas Gerais, Maranhão, Mato Grosso do Sul States).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/624CBC732FD05E529E8E0B1EE22E043A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
F3210391BA7F5E859EA45AEE4ED6462C.text	F3210391BA7F5E859EA45AEE4ED6462C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides flintorum Holzenthal 1988	<div><p>3.3. 2. Triplectides flintorum Holzenthal, 1988</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Amazonas, Ipixuna, Rio Liberdade, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-71.846115&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-7.3294444" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -71.846115/lat -7.3294444)">Comunidade Santa Catarina</a>; 07º19′46″S 071º50′46″W; alt. 169 m; 10 May 2011; light trap; R. Cavichioli, C. C. Gonçalves, D. M. Takiya leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2307]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9246 .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Triplectides flintorum is known to occur in Mexico, Central America, and northern South America. In general, T. flintorum is quite similar to T. gracilis due to some features of male genitalia, but it differs by having a fork I present with a long petiole, and a straight mesal lobe of the inferior appendages, slightly tapered, with blunt apices. Here, T. flintorum is newly recorded for Brazil from the Amazonian Region.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Amazonas), Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, Guatemala, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Peru, Suriname, Venezuela.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F3210391BA7F5E859EA45AEE4ED6462C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
75E4FE094BAE58A48580A6A1F323BE12.text	75E4FE094BAE58A48580A6A1F323BE12.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides gracilis (Burmeirster 1839)	<div><p>3.2. 1. Triplectides gracilis (Burmeister, 1839)</p><p>Figures 2, 3</p><p>Triplectides gracilis (Burmeister, 1839: 921), as Mystacides gracilis (type locality: Brazil; specimen collected by Beske, probably from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro). Holotype destroyed, depository: ZIUH. Ulmer 1905: 27 (redescription). Mosely 1936: 96 (redescription). Holzenthal 1988: 195 (redescription, neotype designation: Brazil, Rio de Janeiro, 950 m, Nova Friburgo, municipal water supply; depository: MZSP). Sganga et al. 2013: 26 (larva and pupa from Argentina).</p><p>Triplectides principes (Burmeister, 1839: 921), as Mystacides principes (type locality: Brazil; specimen collected by Beske, probably from Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro). Holotype destroyed, depository: ZIUH. Ulmer 1905: 27 (to synonymy).</p><p>Triplectides ramulorus (Müller, 1921: 241), Tetracentron ramulorum, only larva and pupa (type locality: Brazil, Santa Catarina). Type material and depository not designated. Holzenthal 1988: 195 (to synonymy).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Guapimirim, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.996277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.495834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.996277/lat -22.495834)">Trilha das Ruínas, tributary of Rio Soberbo</a>; 22°29′45.0″S 42°59′46.6″W; alt. 344 m; 25 mar. 2010; L. L. Dumas, J. L. Nessimian leg.; light trap; [DNA voucher ENT 0672]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9166 • 1 ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, Rio Bonito, km 13.5; 01–03 Oct. 2021; light trap; A. P. M. Santos leg. [DNA voucher ENT 5922]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9167 • 1 larva; Rio de janeiro, Petrópolis, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.263638&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.473751" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.263638/lat -22.473751)">Araras, ROCIO, stream in the road</a>; 22°28′25.5″S 43°15′49.10″W; 08 May 2018; A. L. H. Oliveira, J. L. Nessimian, C. Novais leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 4358]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9171 • 1 larva; same data as for preceding, except, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.295692&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.295692/lat -22.472)">small stream near to SINDACTA</a>; 22°28′19.2″S 43°17′44.5″W; alt. 1194 m; 08 May 2018; A. L. H. Oliveira, J. L. Nessimian, C. Novais leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 4359]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9170 • 1 larva; Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, Araras, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.259193&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.435" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.259193/lat -22.435)">Reserva Biológica de Araras, trilha das águas (poço)</a>; 22°26′06″S 43°15′33.1″W; alt. 993 m; 29 Jan. 2020; A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 5388]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9169 • 1 larva; same data as for preceding; [DNA voucher ENT 5389]; DZRJ TRICHOPERA 9172 • 1 larva; Rio de Janeiro, Teresópolis, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.997723&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.456959" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.997723/lat -22.456959)">Rio Paquequer (bridge)</a>; 22°27′25.05″S 42°59′51.80″W; alt. 1112 m; 21 Aug. 2014; A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 1998]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9168 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult. For a full description of adult of T. gracilis see Holzenthal (1988). Photographs of adult wings are provided in Figure 2. — Larva. Total length 10–17 mm (n = 5) (Fig. 3 A). — Head: Coloration (in alcohol) reddish brown to dark brown, with many pale spots on the front and posterior portions, and a pale oval area around the stemmata (Fig. 3 B). Head almost sub-rectangular, slightly enlarged posteriorly, in dorsal view (Fig. 3 B). Labrum pale brown, in dorsal view, subtrapezoidal with anterolateral corner rounded, three pairs of labral setae in the middle length with brush of short, secondary setae on its anteroventral margin. Mandible dark, asymmetrical, typical for Triplectides (left mandible with 6 teeth around a concavity and right mandible with 5 teeth). Submentum oval. Ventral apotome subtriangular, slender, and narrow (Fig. 3 B), slightly wide anteriorly with a small constrict in mid-length, narrowing posteriorly to an acute pointed tip (Fig. 3 B). — Thorax: Pro- and mesonotum reddish brown with pale muscle scars and spots (Fig. 3 D). Pronotum with anterior and lateral margins crenulate; slightly protruded on the corners, posterior margin rounded (Fig. 3 C). Mesonotum covered by a pair of large sclerites: sa 1 each with long single seta; sa 2 each with 3 setae: (one mesal longer than the others); sa 3 each with 6 setae (2 long setae on the corner, and other 4 short). Metanotum covered by 3 pairs of thin and pale brown sclerites: sa 1 subquadrate, bearing a long seta each, sa 2 subquadrate with a very long seta each, sa 3 elongate, oval, bearing 3 setae each (Fig. 3 D). Prosternum narrow with a dark subtriangular sclerite. Mesosternum with pair of subtriangular sclerites, curved laterally; anterior margin dark brown (Fig. 3 E). Metasternum with setal area bearing 8–10 setae (Fig. 3 E). Foretrochantin with anterodorsal margin straight, with corner pointed and upturned and anteroventral corner rounded (Fig. 3 C). Legs yellowish brown with dark brown stripes, setose (Fig. 3 G). — Abdomen: Gills simple, present on segments II – VIII, segments II – VI with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments; segment VII with lateral and ventral filaments; segment VIII with ventral filaments (Fig. 3 H). Segments III – VIII with lateral fringes. Segment I with two pairs of long setae at the base of dorsal hump. Segment VIII with a pair of posteromesal setae. Segment IX dorsal sclerite with 6 very long setae on posterior margin and 2 pairs of very short, lateral setae, one anterolateral short seta at each side of the sclerite (Fig. 3 F). Anal claws single, large, and pointed, with a small dorsal accessory hook (Fig. 3 F). — Larval case: Length up to 16 mm. Simple hollow stick (Fig. 3 I).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Argentina, Brazil, and Paraguay.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Triplectides gracilis was described by Burmeister (1839) based on a specimen collected by Beske, probably from Nova Friburgo municipality, Rio de Janeiro State, Southeastern Brazil. The male holotype of T. gracilis and the type of Triplectides principes (Burmeister, 1839), a junior synonym from the same locality, were apparently destroyed in World War II (Holzenthal 1988). According to Ulmer (1905), Burmeister (1839), and Kolenati (1859) later, recognized this second species probably due to size differences observed between the specimens. Holzenthal (1988), when revising the Neotropical Triplectides, designated a neotype for T. gracilis from a male also from Nova Friburgo municipality, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. In the same work, Holzenthal (1988) synonymized the name T. ramulorum, used by Müller (1921) for immatures from Santa Catarina State (Brazil), with T. gracilis . Since the holotypes of T. gracilis and T. principes are destroyed (Holzenthal 1988) and there is no material of T. ramulorum, we do not propose any changes related to these synonyms.</p><p>Triplectides gracilis is one of the most widespread species of Triplectides in South America, occurring from Northeastern to Southern Brazil, and extending through Argentina and Paraguay (Holzenthal 1988; Desidério et al. 2020). Due to its wide distribution, sequences of COI from many specimens previously identified as Triplectides gracilis from different localities in Brazil were used to evaluate its identity as a species. Not surprisingly, we found high genetic divergences among the specimens of T. gracilis, with six potential species being detected in our analyses. Based on rigorous reanalysis of male morphology, we were able to identify and describe as new five species within this group: T. bandeira sp. nov., T. cerradoensis sp. nov., T. iguassu sp. nov., T. mantiqueira sp. nov., and T. paragracilis sp. nov. Although these six species (including the redefined T. gracilis) can be recognized by male morphology, they are very similar to each other, therefore previous identification of T. gracilis and distribution data should be viewed with caution. Because of this high morphological similarity, contrasting with high molecular divergences, we describe these new species below within the informal group of species.</p><p>A detailed description of T. gracilis was provided by Holzenthal (1988). We analyzed many specimens from Rio de Janeiro, including Nova Friburgo municipality (where the holotype and the neotype were collected). We are retaining the name T. gracilis to those that fit in the description provided by Holzenthal (1988) based on the neotype. Seven species in the T. gracilis complex have very similar male genitalia, but they can be consistently distinguished from each other by some details. Triplectides gracilis is very similar to T. paragracilis sp. nov. and T. iguassu sp. nov. in the general aspect of male genitalia, with segment IX, in dorsal view, subtriangular and protruded over tergum X; preanal appendages slender, digitate, rounded, and setose; tergum X, in dorsal view, almost straight, with apicomesal incision extending beyond half the length of the tergum, bearing short and stout setae on its surface. Triplectides gracilis differs from these two species by the mesal lobe of inferior appendages without a sclerotized tooth on basolateral margin (Fig. 13 A). Other important feature is related to wing venation (Fig. 2 A, B), where the fork I of hind wing can be sessile with R 2 arising anteriorly to R 3 (Fig. 2 D), corroborating those drawn by Holzenthal (1988) or with R 2 and R 3 arising together forming a very small petiole (Fig. 2 E).</p><p>The fisrt larval descriptions for Triplectides gracilis were provided by Müller (1921), as Tetracentron ramulorum, when some general characteristics of the immature forms from Santa Catarina State were given. Sganga et al. (2013) provided a detailed description of T. gracilis immatures from Argentina. However, those specimens may not be part of T. gracilis after the taxonomic delimitation provided here. The larvae associated here from Rio de Janeiro are slightly different from those observed by Sganga et al. (2013) in relation to head and thorax coloration, labrum, form of ventral apotome, edge of pronotum, and thorax sclerites. Triplectides gracilis larvae described here have head almost rectangular with coloration reddish brown to dark brown with several pale spots and labrum brown and subtrapezoidal, while those in Sganga et al. (2013) possessed head coloration homogeneous dark brown, with yellowish oval areas around stemmata, with labrum stramineous, and brown lateral stripes parallel to lateral borders. In the thorax, larvae associated here had pronotum with anterior margin and lateral margin crenulate, and posterior margin rounded; prosternal sclerite subtriangular and metasternum with 8–10 setae, without basal circular sclerite; whereas the larvae from Argentina had pronotum reddish brown; mesal half of anterior edge of each pronotal sclerite with three smooth, rounded crenulations; lateral half plain, slightly produced and rounded; prosternum sclerite rectangular, slightly produced anteriorly and metasternum with 6–9 long setae, with a variable number of basal, circular sclerites (Sganga et al. 2013).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/75E4FE094BAE58A48580A6A1F323BE12	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
DCF511FCCFAC5F5789A8A4D157B23E55.text	DCF511FCCFAC5F5789A8A4D157B23E55.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides iguassu Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian & Takiya & Santos 2025	<div><p>3.2. 5. Triplectides iguassu sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 12, 13, 14, 15</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: BRAZIL • ♂; Paraná, Céu Azul, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.829414&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.160944" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.829414/lat -25.160944)">Rio Manoel Gomes</a>; 25°09′39.4″S 53°49′45.9″W; alt. 498 m; 06 Sep. 2012; light; A. P. M. Santos, D. M. Takiya, A. L. H. Oliveira, B. Clarkson leg.; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9198 . – Paratypes: BRAZIL • 10 ♂; same data as for holotype; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 6301 • 8 ♀; same data as for holotype; light trap; A. L. H. Oliveira, B. Clarkson leg.; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 6300 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; [DNA voucher ENT 2001]; DZRJ TRCHOPTERA 9200 • 4 ♂, 2 ♀; same data as for preceding; MNRJ • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; white sheet; A. P. M. Santos, D. M. Takiya, A. L. H. Oliveira, B. Clarkson leg.; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9199 • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; [DNA voucher ENT 2385]; DZRJ TRCHOPTERA 9201 • 6 ♂; same data as for preceding; 07 Sep. 2012; white sheet; G. A. Jardim leg.; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 7059 • 1 larva; same data as for preceding; hand net; APM Santos, DM Takiya leg.; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9209 • 1 larva; Paraná, Céu Azul, Parque Nacional do Iguaçu, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-53.795666&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-25.155806" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -53.795666/lat -25.155806)">Rio Azul</a>; 25°09′20.90″S 53°47′44,40″W; alt. 510 m; 06 Sep. 2012; A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 1999]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9202 • 1 ♂; Rio Grande do Sul, Cambará do Sul, Parque Nacional Aparados da Serra, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-50.086388&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-24.163517" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -50.086388/lat -24.163517)">Arroio Preá</a>; 24°09′48.66″S 50°05′11.00″W; 08–10 Feb. 2014; Malaise trap; A. P. Pinto, J. G. da Silva leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 3724]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9204 • 1 ♂; Santa Catarina, Blumenau, Parque Ecológico Spitzkopf, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-49.115913&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-27.006416" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -49.115913/lat -27.006416)">Ribeirão do Caeté, abaixo da Cascata Ferdinando</a>; 27°00′23.10″S 49°06′57.30″W; alt. 139 m; 19–22 Jan 2011; A. P. M. Santos, D. M. Takiya, J. L. Nessimian, R. B. Braga leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2306]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9203 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult male. General color brown (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, golden brown. Head and thorax mostly brown. Forewings with forks I and V present; discoidal cell apically widened (Fig. 12 A); cross vein s inflected medially, cross vein r-m and m-cu short and aligned (Fig. 12 C). Hind wings broad, with forks I, III, and V present (Fig. 12 B); fork I with a short petiole (Fig. 12 D). Length of forewing 13.5–14.5 mm, length of hind wing 9.5–10.5 mm (n = 20). Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Segment IX annular, in lateral view, narrow with anterior margin almost straight and enlarged dorsally, posterior margin slightly concave medially (Fig. 13 A); tergum IX with posterior margin almost rounded with external margin protruded, median process short and bifid (Fig. 13 A, B). Preanal appendages digitate, slightly oblong, approximately half the length of tergum X, bearing very long setae (Fig. 13 A). Tergum X, in lateral view, wide at base, basal half less sclerotized than apical half, tapering apically, with apex rounded and slightly upturned (Fig. 13 A); in dorsal view, slightly wide at base with apex truncate and rounded, V-shaped apicomesal incision extending anteriorly less than half the length of the segment, with lateral line of very short and stout setae near the lateral margin (Fig. 13 B). Inferior appendages, long, extending beyond tergum X, bearing very long setae; 1 st article, in lateral view, wide at base, constricted medially, with apical portion narrow and rounded apically (Fig. 13 A); apicodorsal lobe digitate, long, extending beyond 2 nd article, with very long setae (Fig. 13 A); basoventral lobes digitate, rounded and bearing long setae (Fig. 13 A, C); in ventral view, mesal lobes long, almost as long as basoventral lobes, sinuate, rounded apically, with a tooth-like projection basally on lateral margin (Fig. 13 C); 2 nd article long, slender, wide at base, gradually curved mesad to an acute apex (Fig. 13 C). Phallic apparatus simple, tubular, with a mesal apical, U-shaped incision, with a small mesal projection (Fig. 13 D), with phallotremal sclerite small, rod-like, apically positioned (Fig. 13 D, E). — Adult female. General color brown (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, golden brown. Head and thorax are mostly brown. Length of forewing 13–14.5 mm, length of hind wing 9.5–10.5 mm (n = 10). Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Sternum VIII, in ventral view, with a large sclerotized plate, brown; anterior margin straight, posterior margin with short mesal incision (Fig. 14 A). Segment IX sclerotized dorsally, posterior margin subtruncate, and slightly rounded. Preanal appendages, digitate, slender, and setose, in lateral view (Fig. 14 B). Sensilla-bearing process minute can be present below the lamella. Lamellae subquadrate, flap-like, internally concave (Fig. 14 B). Gonopod plate large, membranous, with apicomesal process subquadrate and striate in ventral view. Spermathecal sclerite slingshot-shaped and short (Fig. 14 A). — Larva. Length up to 12 mm (n = 1) (Fig. 15 A). — Head: Coloration (in alcohol) dark brown, with pale oval area around stemmata. Muscle scars, in general, with the same color as the head, with the exception of the posterior portion with somewhat pale scars (Fig. 15 B). Head oval with labrum stramineous, sub rectangular with 3 long setae at half the length of the labrum. Mandibles asymmetrical, dark, typical for Triplectides, left mandible with 6 teeth around a concavity and right mandible with 5 teeth. Submentum oval. Ventral apotome subtriangular, elongate, with a constriction at mid-length and narrowing to an acute tip (Fig. 15 B). — Thorax: Pronotum dark brown; anterior margin with smooth crenulations, lateral portion slightly protruded with corners pointed (Fig. 15 C, D). Mesonotum brown almost completely covered by a pair of large sclerites: sa 1 each with single long seta; sa 2 each with 3 setae: (one mesal long, anterolateral and posterior short), sa 3 each with 6 setae (2 long and 4 short). Metanotum covered by 3 pairs of sclerites: sa 1 quadrate, bearing each a long single seta, sa 2 pale, weakly sclerotized, subquadrate, each with single seta, sa 3 sclerites elongate, oval, each with 3 setae (2 very long, 1 short) (Fig. 15 D). Prosternum rectangular. Mesosternum with a pair of sclerites subtriangular curved laterally. Metasternum with a setal area bearing 8 setae (Fig. 15 E). Foretrochantin with antero-dorsal margin curved, pointed, and upturned; anteroventral margin rounded (Fig. 15 C). Legs yellowish brown with brown striped region in the pro- and meso-coxa (Fig. 15 G). — Abdomen: Gills simple, present on segments II – VIII; segments II – VII with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments; segment VIII with dorsal and lateral filaments (Fig. 15 H). Segment I with a pair of long anteromesal setae; segments II – VII with a pair of posteromesal setae, without dorsal setae. Segment VIII with a pair of antero-lateral setae, and a pair of long posteromesal setae. Segment IX dorsal sclerite with 6 long setae on its posterior margin, and 2 pairs of very short setae behind those (Fig. 15 G). Anal claw single, large and pointed, with a small dorsal accessory hook (Fig. 15 F). — Larval case: Length up to 20 mm. A simple hollow wood or small sticks (Fig. 15 I). — Pupa unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The epithet ‘ iguassu ’ refers to the Iguaçu National Park, where the holotype was collected. The name “ Iguaçu ” originates from the Guarani language, in which “ I ” or “ y ” means “ water ” and “ guassu ” means big, referring to the grandeur of the river and the Iguaçu Falls (Cataratas do Iguaçu), which have the highest water flow of any waterfall in the world.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Paraná, Rio Grande do Sul, and Santa Catarina States).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Specimens were found in several types of forested streams in the Atlantic Forest.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Triplectides iguassu sp. nov., T. gracilis Burmeirster, 1839, and T. paragracilis sp. nov. have very similar male genitalia aspect. Often in entomological collections, many specimens identified as T. gracilis likely includes a mix of these three species. The most conspicuous feature to distinguish T. iguassu sp. nov. from T. gracilis based on male genitalia is the presence of a tooth-like projection at the base of the mesal lobe of the inferior appendages. This tooth is present and robust in the new species and completely absent in T. gracilis, including the specimen illustrated and described by Holzenthal (1988) and several specimens of T. gracilis examined here. Triplectipes paragracilis sp. nov., described below, also has a small projection at the lateral base of the mesal lobe of the inferior appendages (Fig. 20 A), but in T. iguassu sp. nov. the spine-like projection is much more pronounced (Fig. 13 A). Also, those two species can be recognized by the tergum IX, in T. iguassu sp. nov. only slightly concave in dorsal view (Fig. 13 B), and in T. paragracilis sp. nov. with posterior margin emarginate and slightly produced over tergum X (Fig. 20 B). Although those three species are very similar based on male genitalia, potentially being confused based on morphology, DNA sequences consistently distinguish them as distinct species (Fig. 1). ASAP and bPTP using EF- 1 α sequences indicated T. iguassu sp. nov. and T. paragracilis sp. nov. as being only one species, but COI sequences indicated otherwise. In fact, K 2 P divergences of COI from those three species are very high. The higher intraspecific K 2 P divergences of COI observed within T. iguassu sp. nov. sequences were 6.5 % (Table 3). On the other hand, minimum divergences K 2 P divergences of COI observed among T. iguassu sp. nov. and T. paragracilis sp. nov. were higher than 15.6 %, and among T. iguassu sp. nov. and T. gracilis higher than 17.3 %.</p><p>The larvae of this new species can be identified by head and body sclerites dark brown with labrum, antenna, and legs stramineous. Head oval, in dorsal and lateral view, ventral apotome subtriangular, elongate, with a constriction at mid-length and narrowing to an acute tip. Pronotum with anterior margin with smooth crenulations, and lateral portion slightly protruded with corners pointed; metanotum covered by 3 pairs of sclerites and metasternum with a setal area bearing 8 setae. Other important features to identify this species are foretrochantin with antero-dorsal margin curved, pointed, and upturned and anteroventral margin rounded and abdominal gills present on segments II – VIII (segments II – VII with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments, and segment VIII with dorsal and lateral filaments).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DCF511FCCFAC5F5789A8A4D157B23E55	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
309022F5A3D85D598B395A0D5DDAAB76.text	309022F5A3D85D598B395A0D5DDAAB76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides mantiqueira Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian & Takiya & Santos 2025	<div><p>3.2. 6. Triplectides mantiqueira sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 16, 17, 18</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: BRAZIL • ♂; São Paulo, Campos de Jordão, Parque Estadual de Campos de Jordão, Rio Cosquilho; 21 Oct. 2006; light trap; M. R. Spies leg.; [DNA Voucher ENT 2313]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9218 . – Paratypes: BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Vale do Aiuruoca, Rio Aiuruoca; alt. 1,860 m; 25 Nov. 2010; D. M. Takiya leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2384]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 2922 • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Bocaina de Minas, Córrego do Morro Cavado, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.595886&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.314917" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.595886/lat -22.314917)">Cachoeira Santa Clara</a>; 22°18′53.70″S 44°35′45.20″W; 27 Jan. 2012; light trap; B. H. Sampaio, A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2383]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9221 • 1 larva; same data as for preceding; hand net; A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2000]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9220 • 1 larva; Minas Gerais, Itamonte, 2 nd stream after Fazenda Cabeceira do Aiuruoca; 13 Oct. 2001; J. L. Nessimian leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2315]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9223 • 1 ♂; São Paulo, São José do Barreiro, Lajeado, Córrego da Floresta, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.621555&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.725918" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.621555/lat -22.725918)">Cachoeira do Paredão</a>; 22°43′33.30″S 44°37′17.60″W; alt. 1,540 m, 01 Nov. 2012; P. M. Souto leg [DNA voucher ENT 3722]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9219 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult male. General color brown (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, golden brown. Head and thorax mostly golden brown with white setae. Forewings with forks I and V present (Fig. 16 A); fork I with a long petiole (Fig. 16 A); discoidal cell long and apically widened (Fig. 16 A); tyridial cell 1.5 x longer than discoidal cell, discoidal cell narrowing to the apex (Fig. 16 A); cross vein s almost straight, r-m and m-cu very short and almost aligned (Fig. 16 A). Hind wings broad, with forks I, III, and V present (Fig. 16 B); fork I sessile or with a short petiole (Fig. 16 D). Length of forewing 15–16 mm, length of hind wing 11–12 mm (n = 4). Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Segment IX annular, in lateral view, short with anterior margin almost straight, posterior margin slightly concave medially (Fig. 17 A); tergum IX, in dorsal view, with posterior margin trapezoidal, truncated, medially with internal process protruded (Fig. 17 B). Preanal appendages digitate, thin, as longer as half the length of tergum X, bearing very long setae (Fig. 17 B). Tergum X, in lateral view, tall in anterior area with basal half less sclerotized than apical half, tapering apically to a rounded apex, slightly upturned (Fig. 17 A); in dorsal view, almost straight, apex rounded, V-shaped apicomesal incision extending beyond half the length of the segment, bearing a longitudinal ridge sublaterally from the middle of the tergum to the apex (Fig. 17 A, B). Inferior appendages, long, extending beyond the tergum X, bearing very long setae (Fig. 17 A, C); 1 st article, in lateral view, wide at base, constricted medially, with apical portion narrow and rounded (Fig. 17 A); apicodorsal lobe digitate, long, extending beyond 2 nd article, with very long setae (Fig. 17 A); basoventral lobes digitate, rounded apically and bearing very long setae (Fig. 17 A); in ventral view, mesal lobes longer than insertion of 2 nd article, broad at the base, sinuate with rounded apex, obliquely directed (Fig. 17 C), color of the mesal lobe gradient from brown to dark brown towards the apex; 2 nd article slender, wide at base, gradually curved inwards to an acute apex (Fig. 17 C). Phallic apparatus simple, tubular, with a mesal apical U-shaped incision, with a mesal projection (Fig. 17 D), with phallotremal sclerite small, rod-like, apically positioned, in ventral view (Fig. 17 D), and oval in lateral view (Fig. 17 E). — Larva. Length up to 20 mm (n = 2) (Fig. 18 A). — Head: Coloration (in alcohol) brown to yellowish brown, with pale oval area around stemmata (Fig. 18 B). Head almost rectangular slightly enlarged in posterior region (Fig. 18 B). Many muscles scars pale to pale brown at front and at posterior portion of the head (Fig. 18 B). Labrum pale brown, subtrapezoidal with three pairs of long setae near the posterior margin. Mandible dark, asymmetrical, typical for Triplectides . Submentum elongate, oval. Ventral apotome subtriangular, anterior portion slightly wide with a slight constriction at mid-length, narrowing posteriorly to acute tip (Fig. 18 B). — Thorax: Pronotum and mesonotum brown (Fig. 18 D). Pronotum with pale muscle scars; anterior margin crenulate, lateral margin slightly produced and crenulate (Fig. 18 C, D). Mesonotum pale, almost covered by a pair of large sclerites: sa 1 each with long single seta; sa 2 each with 3 setae: (1 mesal and 1 lateromesal long seta, and 1 posterior short); sa 3 each with 5–6 setae (2 long setae and the others short). Metanotum covered by 3 pairs of sclerites: sa 1 pair, subquadrate, bearing each a long seta, sa 2 pair subquadrate, weakly sclerotized, with a pair of long setae, sa 3 sclerites elongate, oval, bearing each with 4–6 setae. Prosternum trapezoidal; mesostenum with a pair of subrectangular sclerites, curved laterally; metasternum with a setal area bearing around 15 setae (Fig. 18 E). Foretrochantin with anterodorsal corner pointed and upturned and anteroventral corner rounded (Fig. 18 C). Legs yellowish brown, and setose (Fig. 18 G). — Abdomen: Gills simple, present on segments II – VIII; segments II – VI with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments; segment VII with lateral and ventral filaments; segment VIII with ventral filaments (Fig. 18 H). Segments III – VIII with lateral fringes. Segment I with 2 pairs of long setae at the base of the dorsal hump. Segment VIII with a pair of posteromesal setae. Segment IX dorsal sclerite with 6 long setae on posterior margin and 2 pairs of very short, lateral setae behind those, and an anterolateral short seta at each side of the sclerite (Fig. 18 F). Anal claw single, large and pointed, with a very small dorsal accessory hook (Fig. 18 F). — Larval case: Length up to 25 mm. A hollow stick or empty cases of Marilia sp. ( Odontoceridae) (Fig. 18 I). — Adult female and pupa unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet ‘ mantiqueira ’ refers to the Serra da Mantiqueira, a mountain range that stretches across three Brazilian states: São Paulo, Minas Gerais, and Rio de Janeiro. ‘ Mantiqueira’ from the Tupi-guarani language, meaning “ rain drop ” – through the junction of the terms ‘ amana’ (rain) and ‘ tykyra’ (drop). The name gives an idea of the great importance of the mountain range as a source of drinking water, forming rivers that supply many cities of southeastern Brazil.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo states).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Specimens are observed in creeks with stony bottoms, with crystalline fast-flowing waters, in areas of montane Atlantic Forest, above 1,000 m of elevation.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The male of Triplectides mantiqueira sp. nov. can be confused with T. flintorum, T. gracilis, and T. neotropicus by having the slightly sinuate mesal lobe of the inferior appendages (Fig. 17 A). However, in the new species, the mesal lobe has a more rounded apex, which is obliquely directed (Fig. 17 A). Another feature that helps distinguish this new species is the posterior margin of segment IX in dorsal view being truncate and almost straight (Fig. 17 B), while in T. gracilis and T. neotropicus it is triangular in dorsal view and projected dorsally over tergum X in lateral view (Holzenthal 1988). Furthermore, the new species can be easily distinguished from the others by its straight, apically subtruncate tergum X with the apicomesal incision extending at half-length of the segment, in dorsal view (Fig. 17 B), while in T. gracilis the tergum X has the internal margin of the apex slightly pointed, in T. neotropicus the apex is rounded, and in T. flintorum is rounded with the mesal incision short. All of our molecular analyses supported this new species, except the EF- 1 α based bPTP analysis. (Fig. 1). Intraspecific K 2 P divergences of COI sequences were relatively low, reaching only 1.3 %, whereas the lowest interspecific divergence was 14.9 % (Table 3).</p><p>In general, larvae of T. mantiqueira sp. nov. can be identified by head and body sclerites brown to pale brown with labrum, antenna, and legs pale (Fig. 18 A). The main characters to distinguishing larval individuals of this species are the rectangular head slightly enlarged posteriorly; ventral apotome subtriangular with anterior portion slightly wide with a slight constriction at mid-length, narrowing posteriorly to acute tip; pronotum with muscle scars pale, anterior margin crenulate, and lateral margin slightly produced and crenulate; metanotum covered by 3 pairs of sclerites being sa 2 weakly sclerotized; metasternum with setal area bearing around 15 setae; foretrochantin with anterodorsal corner pointed and upturned and anteroventral corner rounded; and abdominal gills (Fig. 18 H) present on segments II – VIII (segments II – VI with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments, segment VII with lateral and ventral filaments, and segment VIII with ventral filaments).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/309022F5A3D85D598B395A0D5DDAAB76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
9761A8F250A15D6994F62F65BDC186D4.text	9761A8F250A15D6994F62F65BDC186D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides maranhensis Desiderio, Barcelos-Silva & Pes 2017	<div><p>3.3. 3. Triplectides maranhensis Desiderio, Barcelos-Silva &amp; Pes, 2017</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • 2 ♂; Amazonas, Manaus, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-60.115276&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-2.5891666" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -60.115276/lat -2.5891666)">ZF 2 - km 14</a>; 02°35′21″S 60°6′55″W; 10–30 Sep. 2016; Malaise trap in small igarapé; J. A. Rafael, F. F. Xavier leg.; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9260 • 1 ♂; <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.251194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.3954166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.251194/lat -1.3954166)">Pará</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.251194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.3954166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.251194/lat -1.3954166)">Benevides</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-48.251194&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-1.3954166" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -48.251194/lat -1.3954166)">Estrada Vicinal</a>, Ramal Taiassuí, Igarapé Mato Pirituba (stream); 1°23′43.5″S 48°15′4.3″W; alt. 19 m; 11–12 Nov. 2017; UV light trap; M. P. Rozo, A. A. Alves leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 5932]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9251 .</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Triplectides maranhensis was previously recorded from the Maranhão and Piauí states, occurring in streams of the Caatinga biome (Santos et al. 2023). Here, its distribution is expanded, being newly recorded for the state of Pará, from streams in the Amazonian region.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Maranhão, Pará, Piauí States).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9761A8F250A15D6994F62F65BDC186D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
DB9284804555546BBC32C66E07805AC3.text	DB9284804555546BBC32C66E07805AC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides paragracilis Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian & Takiya & Santos 2025	<div><p>3.2. 7. Triplectides paragracilis sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 19, 20, 21</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: BRAZIL • ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Barra do Piraí, Ipiabas, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.85858&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.345446" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.85858/lat -22.345446)">Fazenda Floresta, tributary of Rio das Flores</a>; 22°20′43.60″S 43°51′30.90″W; alt. 692 m; 10 Apr. 2018; L. L. Dumas, J. L. Nessimian, J. F. Barbosa, A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 4360]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9226 . – Paratypes: BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Guapimirim, Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-42.996277&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.495834" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -42.996277/lat -22.495834)">trilha das Ruinas, tributary of Rio Soberbo</a>; 22°29′45.0″S 42°59′46.6″W; alt. 344 m; 25 Mar. 2010; L. L. Dumas, J. L. Nessimian leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2900]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9228 • 1 ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Nova Friburgo, Rio Bonito, km 13.5; 01–03 Nov. 2021; light; A. P. M. Santos leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 5919]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9224 • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; [DNA voucher ENT 5920]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9225 • 1 ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Parque Nacional da Tijuca, Rio Archer, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-43.291637&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.954306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -43.291637/lat -22.954306)">gruta Paulo e Virginia</a>; 22°57′15.5″S 43°17′29.9″W; 11 Apr. 2014; J. L. Nessimian, L. L. Dumas, C. C. Gonçalves leg.; light trap; [DNA voucher ENT 3219]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9227 ).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult male. General color golden brown with spots of white setae (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, golden brown. Head and thorax mostly golden brown with dark setae. Forewings with forks I and V present in males; discoidal cell apically large (Fig. 19 A); cross vein s sinuate, cross vein r-m and m-cu almost the same width, or cross vein r-m narrow in some individuals, r-m slightly anterior to m-cu (Fig. 19 C). Hind wings broad, with forks I, III, and V present (Fig. 19 B); fork I with distinct petiole (Fig. 19 D). Length of forewing 13.5 ± 0.5 mm, length of hind wing 10 ± 0.5 mm (n = 4). Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Segment IX annular, in lateral view, narrow with anterior margin almost straight and enlarged dorsally, posterior margin slightly concave medially (Fig. 20 A); tergum IX, in dorsal view, subtrapezoidal with posterior margin rounded, protruded, and thickened; median process short and rounded (Fig. 20 B). Preanal appendages digitate, less than half length of tergum X, narrower at base and slightly narrower at apex, bearing long dark or golden setae; in lateral view slightly oblong (Fig. 20 A, B). Tergum X, in lateral view, wide at base, basal half less sclerotized than apical half, tapering apically, with apex rounded (Fig. 20 A); in dorsal view, almost straight, with apex narrow and rounded, V-shaped apicomesal incision short, extending to half length of the segment, bearing a dorsal line with stout setae near the external margin (Fig. 20 C). Inferior appendages, long, surpassing tergum X, bearing long setae; 1 st article, in lateral view, wide at base, constricted medially, with apical portion narrow and rounded; apicodorsal lobe digitate, long, extending beyond 2 nd article, with long setae; basoventral lobes digitate, rounded and bearing long setae (Fig. 20 A); in ventral view, mesal lobes long, almost the same length as basoventral lobes, sinuate, with apex narrow and rounded, with a small tooth-like projection (which may or may not bear setae) at base of outer margin (Fig. 20 C); 2 nd article slender, wide at base, gradually curved inward with acute pointed apex subapically (Fig. 20 C). Phallic apparatus simple, tubular, with phallotremal sclerite small, rod-like, apically positioned (Fig. 20 D, E). — Adult female. General color golden brown (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, golden brown. Length of forewing 14 mm, length of hind wing 11 mm (n = 1). Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Sternum VIII, in ventral view, with a sclerotized rectangular plate; anterior margin straight, posterior margin brown and slightly concave mesally (Fig. 21 A). Segment IX sclerotized dorsally, subtrapezoidal, posterior margin subtruncate, dorsal process small. Preanal appendages, in dorsal view, small, digitate, apically rounded, and setose; in lateral view, short, digitate, with distinct subquadrate and sclerotized lobe, bearing an undistinctive minute sensilla-bearing process below each lamella (Fig. 21 B). Lamellae well developed, sclerotized, flap-like (Fig. 21 A, B). Gonopod plate subtriangular and membranous, with apicomesal process short and striate. Spermathecal sclerites elongate, broad, and bell-shaped (Fig. 21 A, B). — Larva and pupa unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet is a reference to the close similarity of the new species to Triplectides gracilis . Derived from the Greek ‘ para’ = beside or near.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Rio de Janeiro State).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Specimens of the new species were collected in preserved streams of 2 nd to 4 th order covered by Atlantic Forest. Adults were collected during the night by light traps.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Although T. paragracilis sp. nov. is very similar to T. gracilis and occurs sympatrically with it, the new species differs from the latter by the mesal lobe of the inferior appendages with a small tooth-like projection which may or may not bear setae. This feature can initially be confused with the mesal lobe of T. iguassu sp. nov., which possesses a more prominent tooth without setae. Another distinguishing characteristic of the new species from their congeners is the presence of a distinct petiole on fork I of the forewing, which is absent in T. gracilis . Furthermore, the preanal appendages of the new species are oblong, whereas in T. gracilis they are digitate and apically rounded. Finally, another characteristic is in relation to the dorsal region of segment IX which is trapezoidal with a small protuberance mesally in the new species, while in T. gracilis it is triangular.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/DB9284804555546BBC32C66E07805AC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
FFDC4A51284A508EA1986D46B020437A.text	FFDC4A51284A508EA1986D46B020437A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides puri Henriques-Oliveira & Nessimian & Takiya & Santos 2025	<div><p>3.2. 8. Triplectides puri sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 22, 23, 24</p><p>Henriques-Oliveira et al. 2020: 46 [as Triplectides misionensis Holzenthal, 1988].</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: BRAZIL • ♂; Espírito Santo, Dores do Rio Preto, Pedra Menina, Parque Nacional do Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.828304&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.472" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.828304/lat -20.472)">Rio São Domingos, Cachoeira da Farofa</a>; 20°28′19.20″S 41°49′41.90″W; alt. 1,964 m; 25 Jan. 2014; white sheet; A. L. H. Oliveira, J. L. Nessimian leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 3220]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9229 . — Paratypes: BRAZIL • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9323 • 1 larva; same data as for holotype; 27 Mar. 2012; A. LH. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 3231]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9230 • 4 larvae; same data as for preceding; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9235 • 2 larvae; same data as for preceding; MNRJ • 1 ♂: Minas Gerais, Alto Caparaó, PARNA do Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.837025&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.401361" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.837025/lat -20.401361)">Cachoeira Bonita</a>; 20°24′4.9″S 41°50′13.3″W; alt. 1,709 m; 05 Oct. 2010; L. L Dumas, J. L. Nessimian leg.; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9231 • 1 ♂: Minas Gerais, Alto Caparaó, PARNA do Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.849083&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.409721" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.849083/lat -20.409721)">2 nd order tributary of Rio José Pedro</a>; 20°24′35.00″S 41°50′56.70″W; alt. 1,792 m; 04 Apr. 2016; JL Nessimian, A. L. H. Oliveira, A. Antunes, A. A. Alves, J. Queiroz leg.; light trap; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9232 • 1 ♂: Minas Gerais, Alto Caparaó, PARNA do Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.83433&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.410583" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.83433/lat -20.410583)">Vale Encantado, Rio José Pedro</a>; 20°24′38.1″S 41°50′03.6W; alt. 1,912 m; 05 Oct 2010; B. Clarkson, I. C. Gonçalves leg.; MNRJ • 1 ♂: Minas Gerais, Alto Caparaó, PARNA Caparaó, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-41.845776&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-20.419888" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -41.845776/lat -20.419888)">Vale Verde, Rio Caparaó</a>; 20°25′11.6″S 41°50′44.8″W; alt. 1,306 m; 05 Oct. 2010; L. L. Dumas, J. L. Nessimian leg.; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9234 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult male. General color golden brown (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, golden brown. Wings brown to golden brown. Forewings with forks I and V present (Fig. 22 A); discoidal cell slightly enlarged apically, cross vein s almost straight, cross vein r-m short and positioned anteriorly to m-cu (Fig. 22 D) or both cross veins almost aligned (Fig. 22 C). Hind wings broad, with forks I, III, and V present (Fig. 22 B); fork I petiolate (Fig. 22 E). Length of forewing 11–12 mm, length of hind wing 8–10 mm (n = 4). Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Segment IX annular, in lateral view, narrow, enlarged dorsally with setose area (Fig. 23 A); in dorsal view, produced mesally and laterally, bearing setose area laterally; dorsal process absent (Fig. 23 B). Preanal appendages digitate, long, extending beyond half the length of tergum X, setose, in lateral view (Fig. 23 A). Tergum X, in lateral view, elevated at base with median area less sclerotized than apical area (Fig. 23 A); in dorsal view, wide at base, narrower at apex, apicomesal incision wide reaching less than half the length of the tergum X and forming an oval opening, apex rounded (Fig. 23 B). Inferior appendages, long, extending beyond tergum X, bearing very long setae (Fig. 23 A, C); 1 st article, in lateral view, wide at base, slightly constricted at middle-length, with apical portion narrow and apically rounded (Fig. 23 A); apicodorsal lobe digitate, long, extending beyond 2 nd article, with very long setae (Fig. 23 A, C); basoventral lobes digitate, long, extending beyond the insertion of 2 nd article, rounded and bearing long setae (Fig. 23 A, C); in ventral view, mesal lobe shorter than basoventral lobe, basal portion subrectangular, apicomesal corner produced in a digitate process, narrow and acute apically, lateral margin almost straight apically (Fig. 23 C); 2 nd article slightly widened at base, slender, curved inwards, narrowing to an acute apex (Fig. 23 C). Phallic apparatus simple, tubular, with phallotremal sclerite small, spine-like, positioned apically (Fig. 23 D, E). — Adult female. General color pale brown (in alcohol). Antennae, palps, and legs, pale brown. Length of forewing 11.0 mm, length of hind wing 9.0 mm (n = 1). Tibial spur formula 2, 2, 4. — Genitalia: Sternum VIII, in ventral view, with a subrectangular, sclerotized plate; anterior margin with a concave, and posterior margin straight (Fig. 24 A). Segment IX sclerotized dorsally, posterior margin subtruncate, and slightly rounded. Preanal appendages, in dorsal view, small, sub-oval, setose; in lateral view, subtriangular, roof-shape (Fig. 24 B), without sensilla-bearing processes (Fig. 24 A, B). Lamella oval, flap-like, and internally concave; in ventral view directed mesad (Fig. 24 B). Gonopod plate subtrapezoidal, slightly sclerotized, with apicomesal process short and slightly rugose. Spermathecal sclerite broad, bell-sharped in ventral view, and elongate in lateral view. (Fig. 24 A). — Larva. Length up to 12 mm (n = 3) (Fig. 25 A). — Head: Coloration (in alcohol) dark brown, almost homogeneous, with pale oval area around stemmata (Fig. 25 B), subrectangular, slightly flattened dorsally (Fig. 25 B). Muscle scars reddish brown. Labrum yellowish brown, sub-oval (Fig. 25 B). Mandible asymmetrical, dark, typical for Triplectides . Submentum rectangular. Ventral apotome short, subtriangular, anterior portion widened and posterior portion narrowed and truncate (resembling a champagne flute glass) (Fig. 25 B). — Thorax: Pronotum brown, with muscle scars pale; anterior margin crenulate, lateral margin slightly produced (Fig. 25 C, D). Mesonotum pale brown, almost covered by a pair of large sclerites: sa 1 each with a single seta; sa 2 each with 3 setae: (1 mesal and 1 lateral mesal long setae, and 1 posterior very short); sa 3 each with 13–17 setae. Metanotum weakly sclerotized, covered by 3 pair of sclerites: sa 1 pair subquadrate, bearing each a long seta, sa 2 pair subquadrate, with a pair of long setae, sa 3 sclerites elongate, oval, bearing each with 7–10 setae. Prosternum trapezoidal. Mesosternum with a pair of subrectangular sclerites, curved laterally (Fig. 25 E). Metasternum with a setal area bearing 7 setae (Fig. 25 E). Foretrochantin with anterodorsal margin almost straight, with corner pointed and upturned, anteroventral margin straight and corner rounded (Fig. 25 C). Legs yellowish brown, setose (Fig. 25 G). — Abdomen: Gills simple, present on segments II – VI; segments II – IV with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments; segment V – VI with dorsal and lateral filaments (Fig. 25 H). Segments III – VIII with lateral fringes. Segment VIII with a pair of posteromesal short setae. Segment IX dorsal sclerite with 6 long setae on posterior margin and 2 pairs of very short, lateral setae behind those, and one anterolateral short seta at each side of the sclerite (Fig. 25 F); anal claws single, large, and pointed with a very small dorsal accessory hook (Fig. 25 F). — Larval case: Length up to 20 mm. All larvae of T. puri sp. nov. were found occupying a discarded case of Marilia sp. ( Odontoceridae) (Fig. 25 I). — Pupa. Unknown.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific epithet ‘ puri ’ comes from the Coroado indigenous language, meaning audacious. The Puris are a Brazilian indigenous group belonging to the Macro-Jê linguistic branch, originally inhabiting the ES, RJ, MG, and SP States in southeast Brazil.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Espírito Santo and Minas Gerais states).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>This species was found inhabiting wide streams, with crystalline waters, and stony bottoms, with many rapids and marginal vegetation composed of Atlantic Forest or highland vegetation (campos de altitude).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The male of Triplectides puri sp. nov. can be confused with the one of T. misionensis Holzenthal, 1988 by the mesal lobe of the inferior appendages with a narrow apical portion (Fig. 22 A). Based on the original description of T. misionensis provided by Holzenthal (1988) and based on photographs of the holotype (USNMENT 01028388), deposited in the National Museum of Natural History (NMNH), Washington, DC, USA, we found consistent differences on this structure between these two species. In T. misionensis the mesal lobe is broad basally with a small, sclerotized basomesal point and a very narrow and divergent apical portion, but in T. puri sp. nov., the mesal lobe has the apical portion much more acute and short and the basal portion larger and subrectangular (Fig. 22 A). The larva of the new species can be distinguished from its congeners based on the following characteristics: head dark brown, almost homogeneous, subrectangular, slightly flattened dorsally (Fig. 24 B); labrum yellowish brown, subtrapezoidal, submentum rectangular and ventral apotome short, subtriangular, like a Champagne flute glass, wide at anterior portion and posterior portion truncate (Fig. 24 B). DNA sequences were obtained only for two specimens, an adult male and a larva, but they share the same haplotype for both gene fragments sequenced, thus allowing us to associate this larva.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FFDC4A51284A508EA1986D46B020437A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
B892068E60D45A0699488F2D9E72110C.text	B892068E60D45A0699488F2D9E72110C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Triplectides ultimus Holzenthal 1988	<div><p>3.2. 10. Triplectides ultimus Holzenthal, 1988</p><p>Figure 27</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>BRAZIL • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, Fazenda Cabeceira do Aiuruoca, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.69378&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.349426" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.69378/lat -22.349426)">Rio Aiuruoca</a>; 22°20′57.93″S 44°41′37.60″W; 24 Nov. 2011; J. L. Nessimian leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 740]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9182 . • 1 larva; Minas Gerais, Itamonte, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.707275&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.36162" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.707275/lat -22.36162)">Córrego do Brejo da Lapa</a>; 22°21’41.83”S 44°42′26.19”W; alt. 2,242 m; 07 Nov. 2011; A. L. H. Oliveira leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 2314]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9183 • 1 ♂; Rio de Janeiro, Resende, Parque Nacional de Itatiaia, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-44.651253&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-22.408278" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -44.651253/lat -22.408278)">Abrigo Massena</a>; 22°24′29.80″S 44°39′04.50″W; alt. 2,210 m; 26 Oct. 2013; light trap; J. L. Nessimian leg.; [DNA voucher ENT 3718]; DZRJ TRICHOPTERA 9184 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Adult. For a full description of male and female adults of T. ultimus see Holzenthal (1988). — Larva. Length up to 15 mm (n = 1) (Fig. 27 A). Head: Anterior region of the head brown to golden brown (in alcohol), with a pale oval area around the stemmata (Fig. 27 B); almost rectangular, slightly enlarged posteriorly; many pale muscle scars on posterior portion of the head (Fig. 27 B). Labrum brown, subtrapezoidal, with 3 pairs of long setae. Mandibles asymmetrical, dark, typical for Triplectides (right mandible with 6 teeth around a concavity and left mandible with 5 teeth). Submentum subrectangular. Ventral apotome subtriangular, widened anteriorly, slightly constricted at mid-length, and narrowing at posterior portion to an acute tip (Fig. 27 B). — Thorax: Pronotum, mesonotum, and legs, yellowish brown (Fig. 27 D). Pronotum with muscle scars pale (Fig. 27 D); anterior margin crenulate, lateral margin slightly produced and pointed (Fig. 27 C, D). Mesonotum very pale, almost covered by a pair of large sclerites: sa 1 each with single seta; sa 2 each with 3 setae (2 very long mesal setae and 1 posterior very short); sa 3 each with 6 setae (3 anterior setae, 2 very long mesal and 1 posterior short). Metanotum covered by 5 sclerites: sa 1 pair, subquadrate, bearing each a single seta, sa 2 seems fused, forming one sclerite, weakly sclerotized, with pair of long setae, sa 3 sclerites elongate, oval, bearing each with 4 setae (1 very long and others short) (Fig. 27 D). Prosternum subtrapezoidal. Mesosternum with a pair of sclerites subtriangular curved laterally. Metasternum bearing about 12 setae (Fig. 27 E). Foretrochantin sinuous with anterodorsal margin slightly curved, narrowed at the tip and upturned, and anteroventral margin almost straight (Fig. 27 C). Legs yellowish brown and setose (Fig. 27 G). — Abdomen: Gills simple, present on segments II – VIII: segments II – VII with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments; segment VIII with ventral filaments (Fig. 27 H). Segment I-II with a pair of small setae in posterior portion; segments III – VIII with lateral fringes. Segment VIII with a pair of long posteromesal setae. Segment IX dorsal sclerite with 6 long setae on its posterior margin, and 2 pairs of very short setae behind those, and one anterolateral short seta at each side of the sclerite (Fig. 27 F). Anal claws single, large and, acute, with a small dorsal accessory hook (Fig. 27 F). — Larval case: Length up to 26 mm. A hollow stick with several small sticks glued close to the opening (Fig. 27 I). — Pupa unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Brazil (Minas Gerais and Rio de Janeiro states).</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Specimens were collected in streams of different orders with crystalline and alkaline waters at high altitudes in the Atlantic Forest, mainly in the Serra da Mantiqueira region.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>In general, the larva of T. ultimus is very similar to other Triplectides larvae showing the head and body sclerites brown to golden brown, with head rectangular and enlarged at posterior area. The main characters to identify larvae of this species are the narrow ventral apotome, subtriangular with anterior portion slightly widened and narrower in posterior portion, with a pointed tip; pronotum with muscle scars pale and anterior margin crenulate with lateral margin slightly produced and pointed; metanotum covered by 5 sclerites: sa 1 pair, subquadrate, bearing each a single seta, sa 2 seems fused in only one sclerite, weakly sclerotized, and sa 3 sclerites elongate, and oval,; metasternum bearing about 12 setae; foretrochantin sinuate with anterodorsal margin slightly curved, narrowed at tip, and upturned and anteroventral margin almost straight; and abdominal gills present on segments II – VIII: II – VII with dorsal, lateral, and ventral filaments and VIII with ventral filaments only.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/B892068E60D45A0699488F2D9E72110C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia;Nessimian, Jorge Luiz;Takiya, Daniela Maeda;Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira	Henriques-Oliveira, Ana Lucia, Nessimian, Jorge Luiz, Takiya, Daniela Maeda, Santos, Allan Paulo Moreira (2025): Hidden diversity of the long-horned caddisfly genus Triplectides Kolenati, 1859 (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) in Brazil revealed by DNA and morphology: new species descriptions and larval associations. Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny 83: 757-796, DOI: 10.3897/asp.83.e158227
