taxonID	type	description	language	source
305A8791FFF9FFC8FF77F978BC2CF808.taxon	description	(Figs 1, 2 – 7, 14 – 19, 28 – 37, 54 – 59, 67, 73 – 76, 81 – 88)	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFF9FFC8FF77F978BC2CF808.taxon	description	Description. Pale yellowish with whitish forewings. Head, pro-, and mesonotum with numerous dark small spots partially merging with each other; head also with two larger spots on fore margin. Forewings with fine mesh pattern (Figs 2 – 7). Specimens with lighter and darker pattern can be found in the same sample (Figs 2 – 3, 4 – 5). Abdominal apodemes of the 2 nd tergite in male wide triangular (Figs 14 – 19). Aedeagus U-shaped, stems with denticles in distal halves on ventral side (Figs 28, 30, 32, 34, 36). Stem apices comparatively narrow, rounded (Figs 29, 31, 33), occasionally, angular and obliquely cut (Figs 35, 37). Basal processes of aedeagus curved inwards, with hook-like tips. Styles with long narrow tips evenly bent outward (Figs 54 – 59). Valve large, subgenital plates without macrosetae, with elongated narrow tips (Fig. 67). Pygofer lobes with rather narrow, rounded apices and pointed, almost straight ventral processes. 2 nd valvulae of ovipositor with 14 – 16 rounded, slightly protruding teeth (Figs 73 – 76). Body length: ♂, 4.6 – 5.4 mm; ♀, 5.7 – 6.4 mm. Calling signal. The calling signal consists of single or repeated phrases lasting from 1.5 up to 4 – 5 s (Figs 81 – 83). The main part of a phrase is a sequence of low-amplitude pulses, variable in shape and often merging with each other to some extent. Against the background of these vibrations, the male periodically produces short high-amplitude syllables consisting of three or four pulses, sometimes combined in pairs (Figs 84 – 88). Typically, a phrase includes two or three such syllables, one of which is always present at its very end. The amplitude ratio of different components of the phrase can vary greatly even among males from the same sample (Figs 84 – 85 and 86 – 87). In addition, as with all insects, the repetition period of the signal components decreases with increasing temperature (De Vrijer, 1984). Therefore, signals recorded at a higher temperature have a lesser duration. For example, a signal recorded at a temperature of 35 – 37 oC (Figs 83, 88) appears on the oscillograms almost as a signal recorded at a temperature of 26 oC (Figs 82, 86) but “ compressed ” in half along the time axis.	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFF9FFC8FF77F978BC2CF808.taxon	biology_ecology	Host. Was collected from Alhagi pseudalhagi in the Lower Volga region, southeastern Kazakhstan, and Kyrgyzstan, and from A. persarum in Turkmenistan (Fig. 1).	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFF9FFC8FF77F978BC2CF808.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The range of P. binotatus apparently includes the arid regions of the western half of the Palearctic within the range of the genus Alhagi, i. e. northern Africa, Turkey, Transcaucasia, Iran, Iraq, Afghanistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, and possibly also western Mongolia and northwestern China.	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFF9FFC8FF77F978BC2CF808.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Since P. binotatus sensu lato is a group of morphologically very similar species, the question arises about the valid name of the taxon feeding on Alhagi sp. We investigated the male calling signals in populations from the Lower Volga region and from the deserts of southern Turkmenistan, less than 20 km from the Iranian border. Both of these localities are located within the regions from which the type material of P. binotatus originates. Our study area in Turkmenistan is quite far from Kerki, from where P. comma was described, but it is located in the same natural zone. In both localities studied, the species from Alhagi spp. was abundant, while no closely related taxa were found there. On this basis, we use the name Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) for the species feeding on Alhagi spp.	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFFDFFCFFF77FF29BCFEFBA7.taxon	description	Figs 1, 8 – 9, 20 – 22, 38 – 43, 60 – 62, 68 – 70, 77 Description. In appearance, shape of apodemes, styles, pygofer lobes, and 2 nd valvulae of ovipositor indistinguishable from P. binotatus (Figs 8 – 9, 20 – 22, 60 – 62, 77). Unlike other members of the genus, aedeagus with narrow subapical lobes of stems in lateral view (Figs 38, 40, 42; marked with arrows on Fig. 38) and very wide angular and obliquely cut apices in dorsal view (Figs 39, 41, 43). Since three studied males were collected in widely separated geographical locations (Fig. 1), this suggests that such aedeagus shape is diagnostic character of this taxon. Apical parts of subgenital plates as a rule distinctly shorter than in two other species of Pseudophlepsius (Figs 68 – 70). Body length: ♂, 4.9 – 5.7 mm; ♀, 6.3 – 6.6 mm. Calling signal. Unknown.	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFFDFFCFFF77FF29BCFEFBA7.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Was collected only twice in addition to the type series, from Hamaecytisus ruthenicus in Rostov Oblast, southern European Russia and from Calophaca soongorica in the southwestern part of the Tarbagatai Mtn. Range, eastern Kazakhstan. The type specimens were apparently collected from H. zingeri (Zachvatkin, 1953).	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFFDFFCFFF77FF29BCFEFBA7.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Steppes of European Russia and the northern half of Kazakhstan; also, penetrates into the forest zone (Fig. 1).	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFFDFFCFFF77FF29BCFEFBA7.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The level of differences in aedeagus and subgenital plate shape between P. septentrionalis and the two other taxa is about the same as between the two recognized species of closely related genus Eremophlepsius Zachvatkin, 1924 (Tishechkin, 2023). In addition, their shape remains constant in males from different parts of the range. Also, P. septentrionalis differs from the two other taxa in ecological preferences, as it lives in more northern regions in mixed-grass steppes and even penetrates into the forest zone. On this basis, we consider this taxon a separate species, P. septentrionalis Zachvatkin, 1953 stat. n. The male from the putative type series of P. septentrionalis has shortened and smoothly rounded apodeme lobes (Fig. 20). Still, we believe that this is the result of intraspecific variability or, perhaps, a deformity, since the other two studied males belonging to the same taxon have apodemes of the usual shape. Also in this specimen, the basal part of right style somewhat damaged (Fig. 60), but the left style has typical shape (Fig. 68).	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFFDFFC2FF77FB15BCD1FA3F.taxon	description	Figs 1, 10 – 13, 23 – 27, 44 – 53, 63 – 66, 71 – 72, 78 – 80, 89 – 98	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFFDFFC2FF77FB15BCD1FA3F.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype, ♂, northern Kyrgyzstan, 5 km west of Balykchi, N 42.460, E 76.068, Halimodendron halodendron in semi-desert, 18. VII. 2023, D. Tishechkin, calling signals recorded at 30 – 31 oC. Paratypes: 12 ♂, 14 ♀, same data, calling signals of 6 ♂ recorded at 30 – 31 oC; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, northern Kyrgyzstan, south-western shore of the Issyk-Kul Lake, the Turasuu River gorge 13 km upstream from Kara-Talaa Village, N 42.221, E 76.327, Caragana sp., 18. VII. 2023, D. Tishechkin, calling signals of 2 ♂ recorded at 30 oC; 1 ♂, northern Kyrgyzstan, southern shore of the Issyk-Kul Lake, environs of Kadzhi-Sai Village, Caragana sp., 8. VII. 2013, D. Tishechkin; 2 ♂, northern Kyrgyzstan, ca 20 km south of Kara-Balty, environs of Sosnovka Village, Glycyrrhiza uralensis, 14. VII. 2023, D. Tishechkin; 5 ♂, northern Kyrgyzstan, ca 20 km south-southwest of Kara-Balty, environs of Erkin-Sai Village, G. uralensis, 17. VII. 2023, D. Tishechkin; 6 ♂, northern Kyrgyzstan, ca 20 km south-west of Kara-Balty, environs of Telman Village, G. uralensis, 25. VII. 2023, D. Tishechkin; 2 ♂, 1 ♀, southeastern Kazakhstan, the Lower Ili River Valley, environs of Topar Village, Glycyrrhiza sp., N 44.995, E 75.013, 18. VI. 2024, D. Tishechkin, calling signals of 2 ♂ recorded at 29 oC; 3 ♂, southeastern Kazakhstan, the bank of the Ili River, environs of Akzhar Village, Glycyrrhiza sp., N 44.960, E 75.787, 20. VI. 2024, D. Tishechkin, calling signals of 3 ♂ recorded at 32 oC; 5 ♂, 2 ♀, southeastern Kazakhstan, ca 35 km southwest of Chundzha (= Shinzha) Town, the bank of the Temirlik River, Caragana sp., N 43.280, E 79.206, 15. VI. 2022, D. Tishechkin, calling signals of 5 ♂ recorded at 26 – 28 oC; 1 ♀, same locality and host, 27. VI. 2024, D. Tishechkin. The type series is deposited in ZMMU.	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFFDFFC2FF77FB15BCD1FA3F.taxon	description	Description. Externally indistinguishable from the other two species of Pseudophlepsius (Figs 10 – 13). Pale yellowish or brownish with whitish forewings. Head, pro-, and mesonotum with dense dark speckles partially merging with each other; head also with two larger spots on fore margin on both sides of midline. Forewings with fine mesh pattern. Both the background color and the shade of the dark pattern can vary within a population, so darker and lighter individuals are often found in the same sample (Figs 12 – 13). Abdominal apodemes of the 2 nd tergite in male wide triangular (Figs 23 – 27). Aedeagus U-shaped, stems with denticles in distal halves on ventral side and with comparatively narrow rounded apices in dorsal view (Figs 44 – 53). Basal processes of aedeagus curved inwards, with hook-like tips. Styles with long narrow tips evenly bent outward and slightly widened at ends (Figs 63 – 66). Valve large, with broadly rounded hind margin. Pygofer lobes with rather narrow, rounded apices and pointed, almost straight, directed slightly dorsally ventral processes. Subgenital plates with numerous thin setae but without macrosetae, with elongated narrow tips, tapering smoothly towards ends (Figs 71 – 72). 2 nd valvulae of ovipositor with 14 – 16 strongly convex teeth (Figs 78 – 80). Body length: ♂, 4.6 – 5.4 mm; ♀ (to the ends of forewings or ovipositor if extends beyond forewings), 6.0 – 7.6 mm.	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFFDFFC2FF77FB15BCD1FA3F.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Differs from P. septentrionalis by narrower apices of the aedeagus stems and by longer tips of subgenital plates. Indistinguishable from P. binotatus in the shape of the male genitalia, but differs from it in having more convex teeth on 2 nd valvulae of ovipositor (cf. Figs 73 – 76 and 78 – 80).	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFFDFFC2FF77FB15BCD1FA3F.taxon	biology_ecology	Hosts. Was collected from Glycyrrhiza sp. in the lower Ili valley (near the southwestern shore of the Balkhash Lake, Kazakhstan), from Caragana sp. in southeastern Kazakhstan and in Kyrgyzstan on the southern shore of the Issyk-Kul Lake, from Halimodendron halodendron in Kyrgyzstan west of the Issyk-Kul Lake, and from G. uralensis in the northern foothills of the Kyrgyz Alatau (Northern Tien Shan, Kyrgyzstan) (Fig. 1). In Mongolia, Emelyanov (1977) collected specimens, most likely belonging to this species, from H. halodendron, Glycyrrhiza sp., and Hedysarum mongolicum. Calling signal. Typically, the male calling signal is a syllable lasting for 0.5 – 2.0 s (Figs 89 – 91). Syllables follow each other with irregular gaps from 1 – 2 up to 6 – 7 s and more. Each syllable consists of 4 – 12 discrete pulses; the initial pulse is somewhat longer than the subsequent ones and is separated from them by a longer gap (Figs 93 – 98). Usually, on oscillograms at high speed, low-amplitude vibrations are discernible between high-amplitude pulses (Figs 93 – 96). Sometimes a prolonged succession of additional shorter syllables consisting of two or three pulses each follows the main syllable (Fig. 92); such a more complex signal can be classified as a phrase.	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFFDFFC2FF77FB15BCD1FA3F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Southern Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and, apparently, Mongolia (Emelyanov, 1977). Formally undescribed taxon, P. liupanshanensis, cannot belong to P. binotatus, since Alhagi spp. does not grow in the Ningxia Province, China, where it was collected. On the other hand, several species of Caragana and two species of Glycyrrhiza including G. uralensis, i. e. hosts of P. abdykulovi sp. nov., were recorded in Ningxia (Xu et al., 2010). Thus, it can be assumed that P. abdykulovi sp. nov. occurs also in northern China.	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
305A8791FFFDFFC2FF77FB15BCD1FA3F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species is named after my friend Asek Abdykulov (Kara-Balty, Kyrgyzstan), without whose help and support my many years of research in Central Asia would not have been possible.	en	Tishechkin, Dmitri Yu. (2025): Pseudophlepsius binotatus (Signoret, 1880) sensu lato (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Opsiini) is a complex of biological species. Zootaxa 5631 (2): 308-318, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5631.2.4
