identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7BA103565275377DF3E13E45B7409261.text	7BA103565275377DF3E13E45B7409261.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eremonidiopsis	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eremonidiopsis gen. n.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Eremonidiopsis aggregata Núñez , new species, by monotypy. </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Eremonidiopsis can be recognized by a combination of the following characters: antennae bipectinate; FW veins Rs2-Rs4 branch in the pattern Rs2+[Rs3+Rs4]; FW discal cell very long, about 65% of FW length; male without stridulatory organ, FW veins M1 and M2 not swollen at their bases; veins M3 and CuA1 separate in the FW and stalked in the HW. </p>
            <p> Eremonidiopsis appears to be a close relative of  Eremonidia from Hispaniola, one the two other known West Indian  Dioptinae genera (Rawlins and Miller 2008; Miller 2009). The stalk of Rs1 with Rs2-Rs4 branch is long in  Eremonidia but in  Eremonidiopsis arises just after the origin from the discal cell or is even connate. They also differ by the color of the proboscis, golden brown in  Eremonidia and blackish brown in  Eremonidiopsis , and in the size head respect to insect size. Both taxa show a similar size, with a FW length of 12.7 mm in  Eremonidia mirifica and 12.2 mm in  Eremonidiopsis aggregata ; however, head width across the eyes is 1.41 mm in the latter whereas in the Hispaniolan genus the measure is 1.77 mm or 25% larger. The tympanum also exhibits differences. The membrane is enclosed, deep, and oriented horizontally in  Eremonidia (Rawlins and Miller 2008; Miller 2009) whereas in  Eremonidiopsis it is shallow, not enclosed, and oriented vertically. Although their male genitalia show similarities when compared to other  Dioptinae , they exhibit differences in shape of the valvae, aedeagus, and anal tube, as well as in possession by  Eremonidiopsis of dorsolateral keels on the uncus. Finally, the shape of the male eight sternum differs as well the male seventh sternum which is modified only in  Eremonidiopsis aggregata . </p>
            <p> Compared to other  Dioptinae ,  Eremonidiopsis is distinctive by having FW veins M3 and CuA1 separate, whereas in most  Dioptinae these veins are stalked (Miller 2009). The radial system branching pattern also differs from the typical  Dioptinae one, [Rs2+Rs3]+Rs4 (Miller 2009).  Eremonidiopsis exhibits a color pattern similar to some species of  Scotura Walker, 1854; however, the latter possesses ciliate male antennae, a shorter FW discal cell, and a stridulatory organ, among others differences. </p>
            <p> The phylogenetic position of the new genus will be better understood when females and larvae are available. Although some characters suggest a relation with  Eremonidia , the lack of FW stridulatory organ and different tympanum of  Eremonidiopsis imply that may be is closer to some other clade within the  Dioptinae . </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Male.  Head . Labial palpus short and thin, curved strongly upward to just above clypeus, held close to front; first segment moderate in length, curved upward; second segment slightly shorter than first segment; third segment short, conical, pointed at apex; labial palpus ratio 1/0.85/0.20; proboscis blackish brown; scales of front short, appressed and directed dorso-medially, a pair of small tufts between antennal bases and eyes; eyes moderately large, bulging; vertex covered with semi-erect scales; antennae bipectinate, each flagellomere bearing a basal pair of ciliate rami; rami longer at middle segments, about 3.5 times length of supporting flagellomere; flagellomeres 35-37. Thorax. Epiphysis long, equal in length to tibia; tibial spurs moderate in length, apical pair half as long as basal pair on metathoracic tibia; tegulae covered with long scales, outer margins fringed with hairlike scales; tympanum large, rounded, cavity shallow; tympanal membrane facing posteriorly. Forewing elongate, apical angle slightly acute; vein R1 arising from discal cell; Rs1 connate or stalked just after origin with Rs2-Rs4; veins Rs2-Rs4 in pattern Rs2+[Rs3+Rs4]; M1 separate from radial sector; stridulatory organ absent; discal cell about 65% length of wing; M3 widely separate from CuA1. Hindwings broad, outer margin expanded; apical angle rounded; vein M3 short stalked with CuA1; discal cell 60% length of wing. Abdomen. Short, gradually tapered, with a small, inconspicuous distal tuft of moderately long scales. Eighth tergum large, more than twice length of seventh tergum, slightly narrower posteriorly; eighth sternum relatively short, narrower than seventh sternum, anterior margin bearing a slightly elongate, sac-like apodeme. Seventh sternum with lateral margins curved, gradually tapering toward anterior margin, which is sclerotized and bears a short anteriorly directed mesal process. </p>
            <p> Genitalia. Socii/uncus complex moderate in size, heavily sclerotized, narrowly joined to arms of tegumen; arms of tegumen relatively wide, much taller than vinculum; arms of vinculum short and wide; valve narrow,  Barth’s Organ absent; costal and ventral margin of valve sclerotized, each folded toward inner surface with a sclerotized low flange; inner surface of valve concave, with scattered coarse setae; arms of transtilla sclerotized and narrow, oriented horizontally, with a pair of short acute processes anteriorly and a wide sclerotized ventral plate; juxta large, dorsal margin with a shallow mesal excavation; aedeagus large, thin and cylindrical, base greatly expanded; apex of phallus curved downward, spoon shaped; opercular sclerite absent; vesica moderately long, much shorter than aedeagus, bent slightly upward; vesica bearing a large mass of deciduous caltrop cornuti along ventral surface, these varying in spine length. </p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The generic name  Eremonidiopsis is derived from the name of its Hispaniolan relative  Eremonidia . The suffix -opsis refers to the resemblance of the Cuban genus to the Hispaniolan one. </p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The six known specimens were captured at two localities in different sections at the western half of the NSB mountain range in northeastern Cuba.</p>
            <p>Immature stages.</p>
            <p>Unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> This taxon and  Eremonidia are evidently close relatives. They share several characteristics including the short labial palpi, similar wing venation (FW radial system pattern Rs2+[Rs3+Rs4], a long FW discal cell, and veins M3 and CuA1 separate in the forewing but stalked in the hindwing), as well as several features of the male genitalia, which are highly divergent from the remaining  Dioptini (Miller 2009). These similarities suggest placement of  Eremonidiopsis close to  Eremonidia in the basal clade of the  Dioptini (Miller 2009). Available evidence shows few features linking  Eremonidiopsis to the remaining members of this clade:  Scotura ,  Cleptophasia Prout, 1918,  Oricia Walker, 1854, and  Erbessa Walker, 1854 (Miller 2009). The latter shares the possession of a shallow tympanum whereas  Cleptophasia possesses a long FW discal cell. As in  Eremonidia , the possession of large, deciduous caltrop cornuti on the vesica of males indicates a plesiomorphic phylogenetic position (Rawlins and Miller 2008). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7BA103565275377DF3E13E45B7409261	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aguila, Rayner Nunez	Aguila, Rayner Nunez (2013): Eremonidiopsis aggregata, gen. n., sp. n. from Cuba, the third West Indian Dioptinae (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae). ZooKeys 333: 77-91, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.333.5483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.333.5483
6E009F4C14FBED022216E8CCE22D7A30.text	6E009F4C14FBED022216E8CCE22D7A30.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eremonidiopsis aggregata	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eremonidiopsis aggregata sp. n. Figs 1-7 </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Holotype: ♂, Cuba,  Holguí , Moa, vicinity of Morones mountain stream (20°26'22"N, 74°49'14"W), 300 m, 22/V/2007, R.  Núñez . Paratypes: 5 ♂. Same data as holotype (4 ♂);  Holguín ,  Mayarí , vicinity of La Zoilita (20°37'42"N, 75°29'08"W), 400 m, 6/IV/2012, R.  Núñez (1 ♂). </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> The uniform dark brown wing pattern of  Eremonidiopsis aggregata is present only in  Scotura nigricaput Dogninand  Scotura flavicapilla (  Hübner ) among all  Dioptinae .  Eremonidiopsis aggregata can be easily separated from the first by its yellowish-orange collar and from the second by lacking yellowish color at other areas of the head such as the front and the vertex. In addition, many other features allow separation of  Eremonidiopsis from  Scotura including the possession of bipectinate antennae, a longer discal cell, absence of the FW stridulatory organ, and absence of the  Barth’s Organ in the male genitalia among other features. </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p> Male (Figs 1-5).  Head . First segment of labial palpus covered with short, yellowish-orange scales; third and second segments of labial palpi brownish gray, second segment with scattered yellowish-orange scales on inner side; remaining parts of head covered with appressed, glossy brownish-gray scales. Eyes moderately large, measurements (N=6), mean  ± S.D. (range); width of head across eyes: 1.41  ± 0.02 mm (1.38-1.43 mm); height of eye: 0.57  ± 0.02 mm (0.53-0.58 mm); ocular index (height of eye / width of head): 0.40  ± 0.01 mm (0.38-0.41 mm). Thorax. Propleuron and prosternal region yellowish orange between base of proboscis and base of brownish-gray procoxae (Figs 1, 2); dorsum brownish gray; venter, including legs, pale brownish gray except inner side of femora grayish white; tympanum contrastingly dirty white (Fig. 3). Forewing (Figs 1, 4) with dorsal surface glossy, uniformly brown; ventral surface uniformly brownish gray; measurements (N=6), mean  ± S.D. (range); length: 12.2  ± 0.24 mm (12.0-12.7 mm); width: 5.5  ± 0.22 mm (5.2-5.8 mm); length / width ratio: 2.2  ± 0.05 (2.2-2.3). Hindwing (Figs 1, 4) with dorsal surface uniformly dark brownish gray; ventral surface uniformly brownish gray (Fig. 1); measurements (N=6), mean  ± S.D. (range); length: 9.5  ± 0.35 mm (9.1-10.1 mm); width: 5.5  ± 0.11 mm (5.2-5.5 mm); length / width ratio: 1.8  ± 0.04 (1.75-1.84). Abdomen. Scales of dorsum glossy, brownish gray; venter white brownish gray but paler (Figs 1, 2). Mesal process on anterior margin of seventh sternum short and blunt, flanked by indentations (Fig. 5B). Eighth tergum elongate, slightly longer than corresponding sternum excluding apodeme; anterior margin one third broader than posterior one, slightly excavated at middle; lateral margins simple; posterior margin slightly convex with a short hood-shaped fold. Eighth sternum with lateral margins simple; posterior margin sclerotized except at shallow mesal excavation; anterior margin one third broader than posterior one (Fig. 5A); anterior apodeme saclike, about two thirds as long as sternum, gradually tapering toward rounded anterior end, lateral margins simple. Genitalia. Uncus short, wide, curved gradually downward, dorsum convex, apex acute, with a pair of triangular dorsolateral keels; socii short, wide at bases, curved strongly upward, apices cup shaped (Fig. 5C); dorsal portion of tegumen gently tapered, ventral portion slightly widened at junction with vinculum; saccus broad, quadrate, ventral margin transverse, dorsal margin wide, slightly convex, barely covering valve bases; inner surface of valve mostly membranous; dorsal margin of costa slightly convex with a low sclerotized flange on inner surface extending to apex, with a blunt expansion in apical third (Fig. 5C); ventral margin of valve mostly straight, folded toward inner surface to form a low sclerotized flange in distal third, flange with a blunt expansion at middle and a more acute one near apical third; apical portion of valve broadly expanded and rounded (Fig. 5C); anal tube short and broad, extending below apex of valvae; apex of aedeagus dentate along right lateral margin, teeth heavily sclerotized (Fig. 5D); caltrop cornuti bearing three or four straight upwardly oriented spines, longest spines up to 5  × length of shortest ones. </p>
            <p>Female. Unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> The  species–group name is derived from the Latin gregis (flock, group) and the suffix atus (having the nature of), in reference to the aggregation of individuals observed during both collecting events. </p>
            <p> Distribution</p>
            <p> (Fig. 6). Known from only two localities of the NSB mountain range, both in  Holguín province, northeastern Cuba. The locality at the center of the NSB is in the vicinity of Morones mountain stream (20°26'22"N, 74°49'14"W; 300 m) near the  Jaguaní river east of La Melba village on the southeastern slope of the El Toldo plateau. The westernmost locality is the vicinity of La Zoilita (20°37'42"N, 75°29'08"W; 400 m), on the northern slope of Sierra de Cristal. </p>
            <p>Habitat</p>
            <p> (Fig. 7). The two localities where  Eremonidiopsis
aggregata
 has been collected are very different regarding both vegetation and climate. Vegetation around La Melba is represented by lowland rainforest,  Cuba’s most exuberant rainforest type (Figs 7A, B) (Reyes and Acosta 2005). The vegetation has a distinctly mesophyllic aspect due to the predominance of  Carapa guianensis Aubl. (  Meliaceae ). Generally, there are two arboreal layers; the upper layer frequently reaches 30 to 35 m; when it only reaches 20 to 25 m, it has emergent individuals reaching 35 m (Reyes and Acosta 2005). Arboreal canopy coverage is 100%. A more detailed description of this rainforest is given by Reyes and Acosta (2005). Rainfall is 3400 mm per year; this is the rainiest region of Cuba with up to 240 rainy days per year (Montenegro 1991; Zabala and Villaverde 2005). October to January and May are the wettest periods, averaging 300-500 mm of rainfall per month; February and March are the least rainy months with about 200 mm (Montenegro 1991).  Cuba’s highest relative humidity rates occur there; yearly values vary between 90 and 95%. The most humid month is October and the least humid month is July. Temperatures are high, between 22 and 26°C, which along with frequent and long calm periods produce a sensation of suffocating heat (Montenegro 1991). </p>
            <p> The substratum rocks are metamorphic. Soils are poor, acidic, and humid (  “Ferralítico Rojo Lixiviado" and  “Ferralítico Amarillento Lixiviado"), over a ferralitic, meteorized (weathered) crust (Zabala and Villaverde 2005). </p>
            <p> The vicinity of La Zoilita is covered by sclerophyll rainforest [name modified from Borhidi (1991) following Reyes and Cantillo (2005)] (Figs 7C, D). Leaves are very sclerophyllous, mostly microphyll and notophyll. The arboreal layer is open and irregular in height and generally fluctuates between 15 and 20 m. Constant and abundant species include  Calophyllum utile Bisse (  Clusiaceae ),  Guapira rufescens (Heimerl) Lundell (  Nyctaginaceae ), and  Tabebuia dubia (C. Wright ex Sauvalle) Britton ex Seibert (  Bignoniaceae ). The lower stratum is 5-12 m high and more closed. Details concerning the structure and species composition of this habitat can be found in Borhidi (1991) and Reyes and Cantillo (2005). </p>
            <p>Rainfall is 1600 mm per year. Average annual relative humidity is 91% at 7:00 am, and 67% at 1:00 pm. The average yearly temperature is 21.6°C, with the highest average value being 23.8°C during July, and the minimum being 19.0°C in February.</p>
            <p> The substratum rocks are ophiolithic. The soils are  “Ferríticos Rojos Oscuros," very poor and acidic, and shallow to very deep; sometimes with bare rock exposed. </p>
            <p>Behavioral observations.</p>
            <p> All individuals of  Eremonidiopsis aggregata were observed in flight during the early afternoon. At both localities the species was found in small, agitated swarms of 10 to 15 individuals. Flight was moderately strong and erratic, and on both occasions the moths were seen flying 3 to 4 meters above the ground around the top of an unidentified tree. Specimens were captured when they occasionally descended near the ground. No females where captured. </p>
            <p> Roughly 60 hours of light trapping were spent at La Zoilita using a 250 watt mercury vapor bulb in February of 2010, but no  Eremonidiopsis aggregata specimens were attracted. However, individuals were collected there during the day in April and May in the vicinity of Morones mountain stream. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6E009F4C14FBED022216E8CCE22D7A30	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Aguila, Rayner Nunez	Aguila, Rayner Nunez (2013): Eremonidiopsis aggregata, gen. n., sp. n. from Cuba, the third West Indian Dioptinae (Lepidoptera, Notodontidae). ZooKeys 333: 77-91, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.333.5483, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.333.5483
