identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
F10FD265F3535914B4D8FA1672AF05B2.text	F10FD265F3535914B4D8FA1672AF05B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylaria acifer Xiao Y. Pan 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Xylaria acifer Xiao Y. Pan sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 2</p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p>
                  China • Hainan Province,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.86972/lat 18.726389)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.86972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.726389">Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park</a>
                 ; 18°43'35"N, 109°52'11"E; elevation 973 m; on fallen leaves, 18 June 2023, Xiaoyan Pan (HAFFR 122). GenBank accession numbers PQ 483147 (ITS), PQ 498329 (TUB 2), and PQ 498326 (RPB 2). 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Differs from  X. hedyosmicola by its smaller ascospores. Differs from  X. vittatipiliformis by the absence of band-like stripes on its stromata surfaces and its smaller ascospores. Differs from  X. vittiformis by the absence of band-like stripes on its stromata surfaces. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> “ acifer ” refers to the needle-like shape of the stromata. </p>
            <p>Teleomorph.</p>
            <p>Stromata upright, solitary, needle-like, unbranched, 25–50 mm total length; acute sterile apex, 2–10 mm; fertile portion 3–10 mm long × 0.8–1.2 mm diam., elongate cylindrical, composed of tightly arranged perithecia; stipe glabrous, 15–40 mm long × 0.5–1 mm diam., longitudinally striate, the base slightly swollen; surface roughened, black, with conspicuous to half-exposed perithecial mounds; interior white to creamy; texture soft. Perithecia spherical, 250–500 µm diam. Ostioles papillate. Asci with eight ascospores arranged in uniseriate manner, cylindrical, 90–150 µm total length, spore-bearing part 60–85 µm long × 5.5–7.5 µm wide, stipe 30–70 µm long, with a bluing apical ring in Melzer’s reagent, tubular to slightly urn-shaped, 1.8–3.5 µm high × 1.4–2.5 µm diam. Ascospores brown to dark brown, unicellular, ellipsoid to fusiform, inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, smooth, (9.3 –) 10–11 (– 12) × 3.7–4.7 µm (M = 10.6 × 4.2 µm, N = 40), with straight germ slit nearly the full length of the spore on the flattened side, a hyaline sheath visible in 1 % SDS, swollen at both ends, forming non-cellular appendages.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Xylaria acifer clusters with  X. hedyosmicola in the phylogenetic tree, and they share some similarities in stromatal morphology, yet they also exhibit distinct differences. The stromata of  X. hedyosmicola possess more prominent perithecial mounds (half-exposed to fully exposed), and its ascospores are brown, ellipsoid, and larger (( 12 –) 13–15 (– 16.7) × (6 –) 6.5–7.5 (– 8.5) µm) (Pan et al. 2022).  Xylaria vittatipiliformis Y. - M. Ju, H. - M. Hsieh &amp; Fournier and  X. vittiformis Y. - M. Ju &amp; H. - M. Hsieh are morphologically similar to  X. acifer .  Xylaria vittatipiliformis can be distinguished by its band-like striped grayish brown outer peeling layer and larger ascospores (( 10 –) 11–12 (– 12.5) × (5.5 –) 6–7 (– 7.5) µm) (Ju and Hsieh 2023).  Xylaria vittiformis is separated from  X. acifer by its grayish brown outer peeling layer split into band-like stripes, smaller perithecia (150–200 μm broad), and ellipsoid ascospores, (8 –) 8.5–10 (– 11) × (4 –) 4.5–5 (– 5.5) µm (Ju and Hsieh 2023). </p>
            <p> Xylaria appendiculatoides Y. M. Ju &amp; H. M. Hsieh ,  X. filiformis , and  X. simplicissima are also similar to  X. acifer in stromatal morphology but are distinctly different.  Xylaria appendiculatoides has stromata with sharper ostioles (conic-papillate, tilting upwards) and larger ascospores (( 14 –) 15–16 (– 17) × (6.5 –) 7.0–7.5 (– 8) µm) (Ju and Hsieh 2023).  Xylaria filiformis and  X. simplicissima have ascospores that are markedly different from those of  X. acifer .  Xylaria filiformis has light brown ascospores that are larger (( 9.5 –) 11.5–13.5 (– 14.5) × (4 –) 4.5–5.5 (– 6) µm) (Ju and Hsieh 2023).  Xylaria simplicissima has larger ascospores (( 15 –) 16.5–19 (– 21.5) × (5 –) 5.5–6.5 (– 7.5) µm) that lack non-cellular appendages (Ju and Hsieh 2023). Additionally,  X. acifer ,  X. filiformis , and  X. simplicissima are distributed in different clades in the phylogenetic tree.  Xylaria maitlandii (Dennis) D. Hawksw. has a somewhat similar stromatal shape to  X. acifer . However,  X. maitlandii has hairy stromata, which clearly distinguishes it from  X. acifer (Ju and Hsieh 2023). </p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined.</p>
            <p>
                  China • Hainan Province,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.87056/lat 18.725279)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.87056&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.725279">Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park</a>
                 ; 18°43'31"N, 109°52'14"E; elevation 937 m; on fallen leaves, 18 June 2023, Xiaoyan Pan (HAFFR 130). GenBank accession numbers PQ 483150 (ITS) and PQ 498328 (RPB 2)  . 
            </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F10FD265F3535914B4D8FA1672AF05B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pan, Xiaoyan;Chen, Zongzhu;Chen, Yiqing;Lei, Jinrui;Chen, Xiaohua;Wu, Tingtian;Li, Yuanling	Pan, Xiaoyan, Chen, Zongzhu, Chen, Yiqing, Lei, Jinrui, Chen, Xiaohua, Wu, Tingtian, Li, Yuanling (2025): Two new species of Xylaria (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota) associated with fallen leaves in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, China. MycoKeys 112: 17-34, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140487
FF6C9A8BE57D5D7E9E2A5620AE7E46C8.text	FF6C9A8BE57D5D7E9E2A5620AE7E46C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Xylaria tuberculosa Xiao Y. Pan 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
    <body>
        <div>
            <p> Xylaria tuberculosa Xiao Y. Pan sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Fig. 3</p>
            <p>Holotype.</p>
            <p>
                  China • Hainan Province,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.87222/lat 18.725834)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.87222&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.725834">Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park</a>
                 ; 18°43'33"N, 109°52'20"E; elevation 932 m; on fallen leaves, 18 June 2023, Xiaoyan Pan (HAFFR 123). GenBank accession numbers PQ 483148 (ITS), PQ 498330 (TUB 2), and PQ 498327 (RPB 2). 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p> Differs from  X. acifer ,  X. hedyosmicola ,  X. petchii , and  X. polysporicola by having smaller ascospores. </p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p> “ tuberculosa ” refers to the appearance of the stromata surface, which resembles segmented tubercles formed by the clustered perithecia. </p>
            <p>Teleomorph.</p>
            <p>Stromata upright, solitary to scattered, cylindrical, unbranched, 5–10 mm total length; acute sterile apex, 0.1 mm; fertile portion 3–6 mm long × 0.3–1 mm wide, cylindrical, composed of tightly packed perithecia; stipe glabrous, 1.8–5 mm long × 0.2–0.5 mm wide, longitudinally striate, the base slightly swollen; surface roughened, black, with half-exposed to fully exposed perithecial mounds; interior white to creamy; texture soft. Perithecia spherical, 180–350 µm diam. Ostioles papillate. Asci with eight ascospores arranged in uniseriate manner, cylindrical, 70–105 µm total length, spore-bearing part 50–70 µm long × 5–7 µm wide, stipe 25–45 µm long, with a bluing apical ring in Melzer’s reagent, tubular to slightly urn-shaped, 1.8–2.6 µm high × 1.2–2.5 µm wide. Ascospores brown, unicellular, ellipsoid, inequilateral, with narrowly rounded ends, smooth, 7–8 (– 9) × 3.3–4.3 µm (M = 7.6 × 3.8 µm, N = 40), with straight germ slit slightly shorter than the spore length on the flattened side, and a hyaline sheath visible in 1 % SDS, swollen at both ends, forming non-cellular appendages.</p>
            <p>Remarks.</p>
            <p> Xylaria tuberculosa forms a distinct branch in the phylogenetic tree with  X. acifer ,  X. betulicola ,  X. crinalis ,  X. filiformis ,  X. hedyosmicola , and  X. simplicissima , but it is morphologically different from these six species.  Xylaria acifer has a needle-like stroma with flatter perithecial mounds and larger ascospores (9.3–12 × 3.7–4.7 µm), while  X. betulicola ,  X. crinalis ,  X. filiformis ,  X. hedyosmicola , and  X. simplicissima all have stromata with long sterile apices and significantly larger ascospores, measuring (9.5–21.5 × 3.5–8.5 µm). The ascospores of  X. betulicola ,  X. crinalis ,  X. filiformis ,  X. hedyosmicola , and  X. simplicissima measure (11.5 –) 12–14 (– 15) × 5–6 µm, (14 –) 15–16.5 (– 17.5) × (3.5 –) 4–5 (– 6) µm, (9.5 –) 11.5–13.5 (– 14.5) × (4 –) 4.5–5.5 (– 6) µm, (12 –) 13–15 (– 16.7) × (6 –) 6.5–7.5 (– 8.5) µm, and (15 –) 16.5–19 (– 21.5) × (5 –) 5.5–6.5 (– 7.5) µm, respectively (Ma and Li 2018; Pan et al. 2022; Ju and Hsieh 2023). </p>
            <p> Xylaria petchii Lloyd and  X. polysporicola Hai X. Ma &amp; X. Y. Pan are similar to  X. tuberculosa morphologically, as they share cylindrical stromata growing on fallen leaves. Pan et al. (2024) described  X. petchii from China, noting that this species has a variable fertile portion of the stromata and ascospores measuring (8.5 –) 10–12.5 (– 15) × (4.5 –) 5–6.5 (– 7) µm, which clearly differentiate it from  X. tuberculosa .  Xylaria polysporicola differs from  X. tuberculosa by having a larger apical ring (2.5–4.5 µm high × 2–3.2 µm broad) and larger ascospores (( 11.5 –) 12.5–14.5 (– 15) × 5.5–8 µm) (Pan et al. 2022). Furthermore,  X. tuberculosa ,  X. petchii , and  X. polysporicola are clearly separated in the phylogenetic tree. </p>
            <p> Xylaria himalayensis Narula &amp; Rawla and  X. meliacearum Læssøe also resemble  X. tuberculosa in morphology.  Xylaria himalayensis can be distinguished by its hairy stipe and larger ascospores (( 11.5 –) 13–15 (– 15.5) × (4.5 –) 5–5.5 (– 6) µm) that lack non-cellular appendages (Ju et al. 2018).  Xylaria meliacearum can be differentiated by its stromata covered with a sulfur-yellow outer layer and larger ascospores (( 19 –) 21.5–27.5 (– 31.5) × (5 –) 5.5–7 (– 8) µm) (Ju and Hsieh 2023).  Xylaria tentaculata Ravenel ex Berk. is somewhat similar to  X. tuberculosa in morphology, but  X. tentaculata has significantly larger ascospores (20.6–24.4 µm × 8.9–10.8 µm) (Kim et al. 2016). </p>
            <p>Additional specimen examined.</p>
            <p>
                  China • Hainan Province,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 109.87195/lat 18.725279)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=109.87195&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.725279">Diaoluoshan Area of Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park</a>
                 ; 18°43'31"N, 109°52'19"E; elevation 929 m; on fallen leaves, 26 February 2023, Xiaoyan Pan (HAFFR 63). GenBank accession numbers PQ 483149 (ITS) and PQ 498331 (TUB 2)  . 
            </p>
        </div>
    </body>
</html>
	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FF6C9A8BE57D5D7E9E2A5620AE7E46C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Pan, Xiaoyan;Chen, Zongzhu;Chen, Yiqing;Lei, Jinrui;Chen, Xiaohua;Wu, Tingtian;Li, Yuanling	Pan, Xiaoyan, Chen, Zongzhu, Chen, Yiqing, Lei, Jinrui, Chen, Xiaohua, Wu, Tingtian, Li, Yuanling (2025): Two new species of Xylaria (Xylariaceae, Ascomycota) associated with fallen leaves in Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park, China. MycoKeys 112: 17-34, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140487
