identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
D5449F1A283E5BF2A02036A6289D9AC3.text	D5449F1A283E5BF2A02036A6289D9AC3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elmericium alabastrinum Spirin & V. Malysheva 2025	<div><p>Elmericium alabastrinum Spirin &amp; V. Malysheva sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 7 A, 8 A</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Russia. Khabarovsk Reg.: Khabarovsk Dist., Hologu, Populus maximowiczii (partly corticated fallen log), 17.VIII.2012 Spirin 5311 * (H, isotype – in LE).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Alabastrinus (Lat., adj.) – alabaster-like; in reference to the hymenium colours.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, up to 5 cm in widest dimension, smooth or indistinctly tuberculate, gelatinous, opalescent, greyish-white, often with reddish-brown spots, 0.5–1 mm thick, in dry condition opaque, pinkish-grey or grey, with vinaceous-brown or brownish-black stains, crustose, margin sharply delimited, usually slightly elevated, adnate or detaching, concolourous with hymenial surface. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline or brownish, clamped; subicular hyphae thick-walled, subparallel, 3–5 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin- to slightly thick-walled, interwoven or ascending, densely arranged, 2–4 μm in diam., with occasional inflations up to 6 μm in diam. Cystidia abundant, hyaline, clavate to somewhat tapering, 20–30 × 5–8 μm, slightly projecting. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1–2 μm in diam. at the apex, usually forming a continuous layer up to 15 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid to obconical, pedunculate (petiolate), (16 –) 17–27.5 (– 30) × (9.8 –) 10.1–14.0 (– 14.3) μm (n = 30 / 2), stalk up to 26 × 5–6 μm, narrowing to the base, sterigmata tubular, gradually tapering, up to 23 × 3–4 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid, (8.0 –) 8.6–12.2 (– 12.3) × (5.7 –) 5.9–8.1 (– 8.2) μm (n = 50 / 2), L = 10.23–10.32, W = 7.03–7.20, Q’ = (1.2 –) 1.3–1.7 (– 1.8), Q = 1.43–1.48.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>East Asia (Russian Far East); corticated logs or still-attached branches of deciduous trees (mostly Populus) along riversides.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>At present, Elmericium alabastrinum is the single known corticioid representative of the Elmerina clade in the Auriculariaceae Fr. ex Lindau. All other members of this group ( Aporpium Bondartsev &amp; Singer ex Singer, Elmerina, and Protodaedalea) are poroid except Elmerina sclerodontia (Mont. &amp; Berk.) Miettinen &amp; Spirin, which has clavarioid basidiocarps (see Malysheva et al. 2018). Elmericium alabastrinum has petiolate basidia nearly identical in shape and size to those of Elmerina and Protodaedalea . However, the rest of the macroscopic traits (smooth, crust-like, gelatinous basidiocarps vs. poroid, cartilagineous, or leathery ones) and anatomical features (hyphal structure, hymenial construction, and basidiospore shape) clearly separate Elmericium from its relatives. The freshly collected basidiocarps of E. alabastrinum are usually sterile, although they start active sporulation after being rehydrated for several hours.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D5449F1A283E5BF2A02036A6289D9AC3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
496E9FBA81DB524A96903734A15C5B62.text	496E9FBA81DB524A96903734A15C5B62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Elmericium Spirin & V. Malysheva 2025	<div><p>Elmericium Spirin &amp; V. Malysheva gen. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Elmericium – derived from Elmerina, a phylogenetically close and anatomically similar genus, and Corticium, in reference to the crust-like basidiocarps.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, smooth or nearly so, gelatinous, opalescent or opaque, light-coloured, margin sharply delimited. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline or brownish, clamped. Cystidia present, hyaline, thin-walled, clavate to somewhat tapering. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, forming a continuous layer. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid to obconical, petiolate, embedded. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, broadly ellipsoid to ellipsoid. On dead wood of deciduous trees.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Elmericium alabastrinum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/496E9FBA81DB524A96903734A15C5B62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
2AC14923B74C5E4A9ABC939BE380EDA5.text	2AC14923B74C5E4A9ABC939BE380EDA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrophana fessula Viner & Spirin 2025	<div><p>Hydrophana fessula Viner &amp; Spirin sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8 B</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Finland. Uusimaa: Helsinki, Talosaari, Picea abies (fallen decorticated log), 13.X.2021 Viner 2021 / 289 * (H 6112924).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Fessulus (Lat., adj.) – limp; in reference to quickly collapsing hyphae.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, up to 4 cm in widest dimension, smooth or tuberculate, gelatinous, semitranslucent, greyish, 0.4–0.7 mm thick, in dry condition vernicose, hardly visible, margin gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped; subicular hyphae with a distinct wall, interwoven, 2–4 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, quickly collapsing, ascending or interwoven, 2–3 μm in diam. Cystidia absent. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 0.5–1 μm in diam. at the apex, partly covering hymenial cells. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, broadly ellipsoid to globose, pedunculate, (8.7 –) 8.8–10.2 (– 10.8) × (7.2 –) 7.3–8.7 (– 9.0) μm (n = 20 / 1), stalk distinct, up to 30 × 1.5–2.5 μm, sterigmata gradually tapering, occasionally bifurcate, up to 25 × 1.8–2.2 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, broadly cylindrical to broadly ellipsoid, more rarely lacrymoid or ovoid, (5.2 –) 5.3–7.2 × (3.8 –) 4.0–5.2 (– 5.4) μm (n = 30 / 1), L = 6.31, W = 4.58, Q’ = (1.2 –) 1.3–1.6 (– 1.7), Q = 1.39, often with a large central oil drop.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Europe (Finland); decorticated coniferous logs ( Picea).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Hydrophana fessula is described here as the second European representative of the genus. It differs from H. sphaerospora mainly in having broadly cylindrical / ellipsoid basidiospores (broadly ellipsoid to nearly globose in the latter species). Moreover, H. fessula was found on coniferous wood, while H. sphaerospora seems to be restricted to deciduous trees. Ofella glaira, also inhabiting coniferous hosts, can easily be mistaken for H. fessula . However, it has thinner basidiocarps as well as wider hyphidia and sterigmata, and it occasionally produces hymenial cystidia. Basidiospores of O. glaira are more regular in shape than in H. fessula, varying from ellipsoid to subglobose (see description in Spirin et al. 2019 b). Both species seem to be very rare. While H. fessula is currently known from the type locality only, O. glaira has been detected a few times in Estonia, Finland, Norway, and Sweden (the locus classicus). Additionally, the GenBank sequence HQ 441914 of an uncultured fungus isolate from Finland (Rajala et al. 2011) belongs to O. glaira .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2AC14923B74C5E4A9ABC939BE380EDA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
D3D2B530A258557FA9DBB0AB4EE99D87.text	D3D2B530A258557FA9DBB0AB4EE99D87.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrophana trichiesiana Gruhn & Rodel 2025	<div><p>Hydrophana trichiesiana Gruhn &amp; Rödel sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 A, 7 B, 8 C</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>French Guiana. Régina: Noruragues, Saut Pararé, rotten wood of angiosperm, 4.XII.2018 Gruhn GUY 18-573 * (LIP, isotype – H).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Trichiesianus (Lat., adj.) – in homage to Gérard Trichies, a famous discoverer of minuscule heterobasidiomycetes.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, up to 3 cm in widest dimension, tuberculate, gelatinous, opalescent, cream-coloured to pale ochraceous, 0.2–0.3 mm thick, in dry condition ochraceous-brown, vernicose, margin gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped; subicular hyphae thin-walled, interwoven or subparallel, 2–3 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae very thin-walled, quickly collapsing, interwoven, rather densely arranged and partly glued together, 1–2 (– 2.5) μm in diam. Cystidia absent. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 0.8–1.2 μm in diam. at the apex, partly covering hymenial cells. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, broadly ellipsoid to globose, sessile or pedunculate, (8.0 –) 8.2–9.8 (– 10.1) × (7.4 –) 7.8–8.8 (– 9.0) μm (n = 20 / 1), stalk usually strongly reduced, up to 3 × 2 μm, sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 18 × 1.5–2 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, the longest spores broadly cylindrical and sometimes slightly curved, (5.1 –) 5.2–7.0 (– 7.2) × (3.7 –) 3.8–4.7 (– 4.8) μm (n = 30 / 1), L = 6.08, W = 4.21, Q’ = (1.2 –) 1.3–1.7 (– 1.8), Q = 1.45, often with a large central oil drop.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>South America (French Guiana); decorticated, decayed angiosperm wood.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Hydrophana trichiesiana is described here as the first representative of the genus found in the tropics. It differs from the two other species of the genus, H. fessula and H. sphaerospora, in having basidia with a strongly reduced, although still detectable, stalk. Basidiospores of H. trichiesiana are similar to those of H. fessula, although slightly narrower on average.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D3D2B530A258557FA9DBB0AB4EE99D87	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
2A23DBE006C45B378C9150789EB51BB8.text	2A23DBE006C45B378C9150789EB51BB8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrophana V. Malysheva & Spirin	<div><p>Hydrophana V. Malysheva &amp; Spirin, Nordic Journal of Botany 37 (e 02394): 8, 2019, emend.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, continuous, smooth or tuberculate, gelatinous, thin. Hyphal structure monomitic; hyphae clamped. Cystidia absent; hyphidia present, richly branched, 0.5–1.5 μm in diam. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, broadly ellipsoid to globose, pedunculate (stalk occasionally reduced). Basidiospores hyaline, thin-walled, broadly cylindrical or broadly ellipsoid to globose. On rotten wood.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Sebacina sphaerospora Bourdot &amp; Galzin.</p><p>Originally, Hydrophana was introduced to encompass one species, H. sphaerospora (Bourdot &amp; Galzin) Malysheva &amp; Spirin (formerly Myxarium sphaerosporum (Bourdot &amp; Galzin) D. A. Reid), which turned out to be not closely related to the rest of the Myxarium - like taxa. Morphologically, Hydrophana was distinguished from Myxarium s. lato mainly due to broadly ellipsoid or subglobose basidiospores in the type species (Spirin et al. 2019 b). However, adding two new Hydrophana species with broadly cylindrical or ellipsoid basidiospores necessitates a redefinition of the genus. In its current scope, Hydrophana can be separated from the ellipsoid-spored Myxarium spp. due to continuous (not reticulate or pustulate-coalescing) basidiocarps, smooth (or nearly so) hymenophore, narrower hyphidia, and slenderer sterigmata. The two latter features can be used for distinguishing Hydrophana spp. from Ofella glaira (Lloyd) Spirin &amp; Malysheva. In turn, Myxariellum spp. have well-differentiated tapering cystidia, and their basidia possess a thicker stalk and wider sterigmata than do Hydrophana .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2A23DBE006C45B378C9150789EB51BB8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
F29959B61F085E358F326EE57FE01EDD.text	F29959B61F085E358F326EE57FE01EDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mycostilla chromatica Spirin & Grebenc 2025	<div><p>Mycostilla chromatica Spirin &amp; Grebenc sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 B, 8 D</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Slovenia. Kočevje: Podstenice, Rajhenavski Rog, Abies alba (fallen decorticated log), 21. VIII. 2021 Spirin 14839 * (H, isotype – LJF) .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Chromaticus (Lat., adj.) – chrome-yellow, in reference to the basidiocarp’s colour.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, first small, then fusing together and reaching up to 20 cm in longest dimension, indistinctly or clearly tuberculate, gelatinous, semitranslucent, containing numerous chrome-yellow grains, 0.1–0.4 mm thick, drying to a bright-yellow thin crust, margin gradually thinning out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped, richly encrusted by chrome-yellow angular crystals occasionally fusing together in large amorphous concretions; subicular hyphae thin-walled or with a distinct wall, interwoven, anastomosing, 2–4 μm in diam. (occasionally inflated up to 6 μm in diam.), subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, quickly collapsing, interwoven, 2–3 μm in diam. Cystidia absent. Hyphidia scattered, simple or sparsely branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, broadly ellipsoid to globose, pedunculate, (8.3 –) 8.7–11.0 (– 11.2) × (7.8 –) 8.0–9.0 (– 9.2) μm (n = 20 / 2), stalk usually distinct, up to 15 × 2–3 μm, sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 20 × 1.5–2 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid or subglobose, more rarely globose, (4.2 –) 4.7–6.1 (– 6.2) × (3.6 –) 3.8–5.2 (– 5.4) μm (n = 60 / 2), L = 5.20–5.31, W = 4.46–4.78, Q’ = (1.0 –) 1.1–1.3 (– 1.4), Q = 1.09–1.20, often with a large central oil drop.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Europe (Slovenia); fallen decorticated logs of conifers ( Abies).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Mycostilla chromatica is a distinctive species due to its brightly coloured, effused, and gelatinous basidiocarps. It has been found twice in the pristine fir-beech forests of Slovenia. The colours of M. chromatica are strongly reminiscent of the corticioid fungus Flavophlebia sulfureoisabellina (Litsch.) K. H. Larss. &amp; Hjortstam ( Agaricales Underw., Basidiomycota). The latter species also occurs on Abies alba logs in old-growth forests of Central Europe. However, it has thicker basidiocarps than M. chromatica and is microscopically completely different.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F29959B61F085E358F326EE57FE01EDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
83D9FC382B005F4899C1B1C5B4ECEA15.text	83D9FC382B005F4899C1B1C5B4ECEA15.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mycostilla Spirin & V. Malysheva	<div><p>Mycostilla Spirin &amp; V. Malysheva, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 112: 760, 2018, emend.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps appearing as small gelatinous outgrowths on a hardly visible joint subiculum, later fusing into reticulate or continuous compound fructifications. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae clamped. Tramal cystidia tubular, slightly tapering upwards, apically blunt, or absent. Gloeocystidia (if present) running more or less parallel to tramal cystidia. Basidia two – four-celled, pedunculate, with slender, distantly located sterigmata. Basidiospores thin-walled, subglobose, repetitive, often with one large oil drop.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Dacrymyces vermiformis Berk. &amp; Broome.</p><p>The generic description of Mycostilla is amended here to encompass a new species, M. chromatica . In contrast to the generic type, M. vermiformis, it has continuous (not reticulate) basidiocarps and lacks cystidia. Nevertheless, it is phylogenetically quite close to M. vermiformis and is therefore described as a Mycostilla . Basidia of both species are of the same shape (slightly larger in M. chromatica than in M. vermiformis), and basidiospores are nearly identical.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83D9FC382B005F4899C1B1C5B4ECEA15	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
CA437C0D10175983A2240B86890D45C2.text	CA437C0D10175983A2240B86890D45C2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myxarium denticulatum Spirin 2025	<div><p>Myxarium denticulatum Spirin sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9 C</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Sweden. Bohuslän: Hönö, Ersdalsvägen, Sorbus sp. (recently fallen corticated branch), 12. VIII. 2024 Spirin 17365 * (GB, isotype – H).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Denticulatus (Lat., adj.) – possessing small teeth.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, small and inconspicuous, up to 8 mm in widest dimension, semitranslucent, gelatinous, greyish, adnate, almost invisible in dry condition; hymenophore hydnoid, spines rather regularly arranged, acute, single, up to 0.1 mm long, 5–6 per mm; subiculum watery greyish, semitranslucent, 0.02–0.03 mm thick; margin gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped; subicular hyphae thin-walled, subparallel, hardly discernible, 1–2 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae ascending or interwoven, thin-walled, and quickly collapsing, (1.0 –) 1.1–2.5 (– 2.6) μm in diam. (n = 20 / 1). Crystals absent. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. in the apical part, distributed among basidia and partly covering basidial cells. Basidia two – four-celled, longitudinally septate, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, pedunculate, (6.5 –) 7.0–8.6 (– 8.9) × (5.8 –) 6.0–7.5 (– 7.8) μm (n = 20 / 1), scattered, stalk up to 15 × 1.5–2 μm, sterigmata up to 10 × 2–2.2 μm, sometimes bifurcate. Basidiospores narrowly ellipsoid to broadly cylindrical, occasionally slightly concave on the ventral side, (5.0 –) 5.1–7.0 (– 7.3) × 3.0–4.2 (– 4.8) μm (n = 33 / 1), L = 6.18, W = 3.57, Q’ = (1.2 –) 1.4–2.0 (– 2.1), Q = 1.75, usually with a large central oil drop.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Europe (Sweden); fallen angiosperm branches ( Sorbus).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Myxarium denticulatum produces extremely thin basidiocarps bearing tiny spines, which are detectable only under magnification. Due to its regularly hydnoid hymenophore, it can be confused with M. legonii . However, the latter species bears more pronounced spines and has on average narrower basidiospores (see description below). Another similar species, Myxarium evanidum Spirin &amp; K. H. Larss., possesses irregularly arranged spine-like outgrowths on the hymenial surface. These outgrowths disappear completely after drying in M. evanidum; in contrast, spines of M. denticulatum are visible even in dried material. Under the microscope, M. denticulatum and M. evanidum are almost indistinguishable. Phylogenetically, M. denticulatum, M. evanidum, and M. legonii are not closely related (Fig. 5). Myxarium denticulatum is currently known only from the type locality, but it is presumably overlooked elsewhere due to its highly diminutive basidiocarps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CA437C0D10175983A2240B86890D45C2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
495A73B43EAB5062BDB95B2D9F91AD6C.text	495A73B43EAB5062BDB95B2D9F91AD6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myxarium guianense Gruhn & Spirin 2025	<div><p>Myxarium guianense Gruhn &amp; Spirin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 C, 8 E</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>French Guiana. Régina: Noruragues, Saut Pararé, decorticated log on the ground, 3.XII.2018 Gruhn GUY 18-559 * (LIP, isotype – H).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Guianensis (Lat., adj.) – originating from French Guiana.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps first appearing as small pustules, 0.03–0.05 mm in diam., then fusing together and forming a compound basidiocarp, up to 3 cm in widest dimension, indistinctly tuberculate, gelatinous, opalescent, greyish, 0.1–0.2 mm thick, in dry condition vernicose, hardly visible, margin sharply delimited, adnate. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped, frequently anastomosing; subicular hyphae with a distinct wall, interwoven or subparallel, 1.5–5 (6) μm in diam., often slightly inflated at septa, subhymenial hyphae thin-walled or with a distinct wall, tightly glued together, ascending or interwoven, 1–4 μm in diam. Cystidia rare, distinctly tapering to almost subulate, 16–26 × 5.0–8.4 μm (n = 5 / 1), projecting up to 15 μm above hymenial layer. Hyphidia richly branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apical part, scattered among basidia. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, pedunculate, (7.7 –) 7.8–9.4 (– 9.7) × (6.5 –) 6.6–7.2 (– 7.3) μm (n = 20 / 1), stalk distinct although sometimes strongly reduced, up to 10 × 2–2.5 μm, sterigmata gradually tapering, rarely bifurcate, up to 10 × 1.2–1.5 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, narrowly ellipsoid to cylindrical, the longest spores often slightly curved, (5.4 –) 5.6–7.3 (– 7.8) × (3.0 –) 3.1–4.1 (– 4.4) μm (n = 36 / 1), L = 6.65, W = 3.71, Q’ = (1.4 –) 1.5–2.1 (– 2.3), Q = 1.80.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>South America (French Guiana); decorticated angiosperm wood.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Morphologically, M. guianense is most similar to the European Myxarium minutissimum (Höhn.) Spirin &amp; Trichies. However, the initially pustulate basidiocarps of M. guianensis fuse together completely and produce a crustaceous continuous one, while in M. minutissimum they fuse only partly, and therefore the compound basidiocarps have a very characteristic reticulate shape. Moreover, M. guianense differs from M. minutissimum in having cystidia. Phylogenetically, these species are not closely related (Figs 1, 5). Differences between M. guianense and M. inconspicuum are discussed under the latter species. Myxarium guianense is so far known from the type locality in French Guiana.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/495A73B43EAB5062BDB95B2D9F91AD6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
E4165DD1FBAE5B6DB056DCEA3A8A44F6.text	E4165DD1FBAE5B6DB056DCEA3A8A44F6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myxarium inconspicuum (Pat.) Spirin 2025	<div><p>Myxarium inconspicuum (Pat.) Spirin comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8 F</p><p>≡ Tremella inconspicua Pat., Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 9: 138, 1893. Holotype. Ecuador. Pichincha: Quito (surroundings), dead wood, II. 1892 Lagerheim (FH 00060386, studied).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps first pustular, 0.2–0.4 mm in diam., then fusing together and forming a compound basidiocarp, up to 5 mm in widest dimension, indistinctly tuberculate, gelatinous, opalescent, whitish, 0.1–0.2 mm thick, in dry condition hardly visible, margin sharply delimited, adnate. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped; subicular hyphae totally collapsed, subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, ascending, 1.5–2.5 μm in diam. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1–2 μm in diam. at the apical part, scattered among basidia and partly covering basidial cells. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, pedunculate, (8.1 –) 8.3–9.2 (– 10.6) × (6.2 –) 6.5–8.2 (– 8.6) μm (n = 20 / 1), stalk up to 15 × 2–2.5 μm, sterigmata up to 7 × 1.5 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, narrowly ellipsoid to ellipsoid or more rarely cylindrical, (5.0 –) 5.7–8.2 (– 8.9) × (3.4 –) 3.6–5.0 (– 5.1) μm (n = 30 / 1), L = 6.99, W = 4.30, Q’ = (1.3 –) 1.4–2.0 (– 2.2), Q = 1.63.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Tremella inconspicua was described from Ecuador (Patouillard and Lagerheim 1893), and its connection with Myxarium was discussed by Spirin et al. (2019 b). We restudied the type specimen of T. inconspicua and are fairly confident that it belongs to Myxarium . Both macroscopically and anatomically, M. inconspicuum is similar to the European Myxarium grilletii (Boud.) D. A. Reid; it differs from the latter species in having predominantly narrowly ellipsoid spores with a convex ventral side, while in M. grilletii (European specimens) the spores are mainly cylindrical or broadly cylindrical and often somewhat curved. However, the North American specimens of M. grilletii studied and illustrated by Spirin et al. (2019 b) possess predominantly ellipsoid basidiospores. An ITS sequence obtained from the Canadian specimen of M. grilletii (GenBank MK 098896, designated as Myxarium aff. grilletii in Fig. 5) is identical with an unnamed sequence from the USA (GenBank KX 193945), and they clearly deviate from M. grilletii sequences from Europe. They may therefore represent a separate species and may in fact be conspecific with M. inconspicuum . Answering this question is not feasible without access to newly collected and sequenced material from Ecuador. Myxarium guianense introduced above differs from M. inconspicuum by its smaller discrete basidiocarps, slightly narrower basidiospores, and the presence of cystidia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E4165DD1FBAE5B6DB056DCEA3A8A44F6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
0B4CDC5938C25014B737D159FF4CC744.text	0B4CDC5938C25014B737D159FF4CC744.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myxarium legonii (P. Roberts) P. Roberts	<div><p>Myxarium legonii (P. Roberts) P. Roberts, Nordic Journal of Botany 37 (e 02394): 15, 2019.</p><p>Fig. 9 A, B, D</p><p>≡ Stypella legonii P. Roberts, Mycotaxon 69: 228, 1998. Holotype. United Kingdom. England: Surrey, Runnymede, Cooper’s Hill, Ulmus sp., 5.III.1988 Legon (K (M) 49367) .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, covering a few mm, semitranslucent, gelatinous, whitish or greyish, adnate; hymenophore hydnoid, spines regularly arranged, acute, single or fasciculate, 0.1–0.5 mm long, 5–7 per mm; subiculum first watery greyish, semitranslucent, then whitish, opaque, sometimes shining, 0.02–0.05 mm thick; margin gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped; subicular hyphae thin-walled, predominantly subparallel, 1–3 μm in diam., tramal hyphae subparallel, subhymenial hyphae ascending, very thin-walled, and quickly collapsing, (1.2 –) 1.6–2.6 (– 3.2) μm in diam. (n = 60 / 3). Acicular crystals abundant among hyphal tissues, often aggregated in large groups up to 20 μm in the widest dimension. Hyphidia abundant, simple to branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apical part, distributed among basidia. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, pedunculate, (6.7 –) 6.8–9.5 (– 9.8) × (5.3 –) 5.8–7.3 (– 7.4) μm (n = 32 / 3), scattered, stalk up to 12 × 2–2.5 μm, sterigmata up to 7 × 1.5–2 μm. Basidiospores cylindrical to broadly cylindrical, often slightly curved, (4.6 –) 4.9–7.6 (– 8.2) × (2.6 –) 2.7–4.0 (– 4.4) μm (n = 90 / 3), L = 5.50–6.28, W = 3.29–3.35, Q’ = (1.4 –) 1.5–2.3 (– 2.6), Q = 1.68–1.89.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Europe (France, Spain, United Kingdom); strongly decomposed wood of angiosperms.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Originally described as a member of Stypella Möller (Roberts 1998), the species was recently moved to Myxarium (Spirin et al. 2019 b) . The species was, however, accepted as a species complex because available ITS sequences showed clear differences between the European and North American specimens. In the present study, the latter are excluded from our concept of M. legonii and assigned to M. spiniferum, described below.</p><p>Here we reassess M. legonii based on newly collected specimens from the western part of Europe, as well as a specimen collected in the locus classicus. We found the latter (TAAM 132119) to be morphologically identical to three recent specimens from France and Spain, of which one was sequenced. These all have considerably larger basidiospores than indicated in the protologue (where they were presumably measured from a spore print) and possess abundant acicular crystals in all parts of the basidiocarps (Fig. 9). Phylogenetic analysis shows that the specimen Spirin 9511, treated as M. legonii in our earlier study (Spirin et al. 2019 b), is not conspecific with the rest of the European collections. This specimen from the European part of Russia has smaller basidia and shorter basidiospores than other European specimens of M. legonii, and it lacks crystals. However, all these differences may be age-dependent, and we are therefore unwilling to introduce a new species for this specimen without additional sampling. Myxarium legonii was also reported from Malawi (Spirin et al. 2019 b). The identity of this material should be clarified with more specimens from southern Africa.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0B4CDC5938C25014B737D159FF4CC744	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
82452FD4876450E98EE2DCB4CF539DE6.text	82452FD4876450E98EE2DCB4CF539DE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myxarium spiniferum Spirin & V. Malysheva 2025	<div><p>Myxarium spiniferum Spirin &amp; V. Malysheva sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 9 E</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Canada. Alberta: Edmonton, Louise McKinney Riverfront Park, Populus alba (rotten decorticated log), 28.VII.2015 Spirin 8986 * (H, isotype – LE).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Spiniferum (Lat., adj.) – bearing spines.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, up to 3 cm in widest dimension, semitranslucent, gelatinous, whitish or greyish, adnate; hymenophore hydnoid, spines regularly arranged, acute, single or fasciculate, 0.1–0.6 mm long, 5–7 per mm; subiculum first watery greyish, semitranslucent, then whitish, opaque, 0.02–0.05 mm thick; margin gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped; subicular hyphae thin-walled, predominantly subparallel, 1–2 μm in diam., tramal hyphae subparallel, subhymenial hyphae ascending, very thin-walled, and quickly collapsing, (1.6 –) 1.9–3.0 (– 3.1) μm in diam. (n = 20 / 1). Acicular crystals quite rare, spread among hyphal tissues, often aggregated in large groups up to 20 μm in the widest dimension. Hyphidia occasionally present, simple to sparsely branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apical part, distributed among basidia. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, pedunculate, (6.0 –) 6.8–8.8 (– 9.2) × (5.3 –) 5.8–6.9 (– 7.0) μm (n = 20 / 1), partly glued together and often forming a continuous layer, stalk up to 8 × 2 μm, sterigmata up to 10 × 1.8–2.5 μm. Basidiospores cylindrical to broadly cylindrical, occasionally slightly curved, (4.1 –) 4.3–5.8 (– 5.9) × (2.3 –) 2.5–3.7 (– 3.8) μm (n = 90 / 3), L = 5.19–5.27, W = 2.98–3.13, Q’ = (1.4 –) 1.5–2.1 (– 2.2), Q = 1.70–1.75.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>North America (Canada – Alberta, USA – New York, Tennessee); strongly decomposed wood of angiosperms.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Myxarium spiniferum is described here as the North American sibling species of M. legonii . Morphologically, it differs from the latter species in having smaller basidiospores. The photograph of M. legonii in Spirin et al. (2019 b) belongs to M. spiniferum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/82452FD4876450E98EE2DCB4CF539DE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
0AB6EF1FAD63542B8FB31D233F518E4A.text	0AB6EF1FAD63542B8FB31D233F518E4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Myxarium Wallr.	<div><p>Myxarium Wallr., Flora Cryptogamica Germaniae 2: 260, 1833.</p><p>Note.</p><p>For a modern description of the genus, see Spirin et al. (2019 b).</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Myxarium nucleatum Wallr.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0AB6EF1FAD63542B8FB31D233F518E4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
7E097DA7C1AE559C8E55AEB9D2CA8E0C.text	7E097DA7C1AE559C8E55AEB9D2CA8E0C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protoacia crispans Spirin 2025	<div><p>Protoacia crispans Spirin sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 8 G</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Sweden. Halland: Särö, Särö Västerskog, Pinus sylvestris (strongly decayed log with a brown rot), 12. X. 2024 Spirin 17688 * (GB, isotype – H).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Crispans (Lat., present participle of ‘crispo’) – trembling, in reference to delicate consistence of basidiocarps.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, up to 2 cm in widest dimension, semitranslucent, gelatinous, whitish, adnate; hymenophore hydnoid, spines acute, single, 0.1–0.3 mm long, 6–7 per mm; subiculum hardly visible, semitranslucent, 0.02–0.05 mm thick; margin gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped, frequently anastomosing; subicular hyphae thin- to slightly thick-walled, interwoven, 1–3 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, quickly collapsing, interwoven, 1–3 μm in diam. Cystidia absent. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1–2 μm in diam. at the apex, scattered among basidia or partly covering basidial cells. Basidia (two –) four-celled, longitudinally or obliquely septate, broadly ellipsoid to globose, pedunculate, (9.0 –) 9.2–11.9 (– 12.0) × (7.2 –) 7.3–9.1 (– 9.2) μm (n = 20 / 1), stalk distinct, up to 20 × 2–3.5 μm, sterigmata gradually tapering, rarely bifurcate, up to 15 × 2–3 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, narrowly ellipsoid or broadly cylindrical (shorter spores) to cylindrical-subfusiform or somewhat rhomboid (longer spores), more rarely almost pyriform or lacrymoid, (5.2 –) 5.9–9.3 (– 10.2) × (3.3 –) 3.5–5.4 (– 5.8) μm (n = 30 / 1), L = 7.48, W = 4.61, Q’ = (1.3 –) 1.4–2.1 (– 2.2), Q = 1.64, with a large central oil drop.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Europe (Sweden); very rotten coniferous logs ( Pinus).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Protoacia crispans is morphologically highly similar to P. delicata . The two species differ mainly in basidiospore morphology, regularly broadly ellipsoid or subglobose in P. delicata and highly diverse, varying from narrowly ellipsoid or broadly cylindrical to subfusiform or lacrymoid in P. crispans . Moreover, P. crispans has shorter spines than P. delicata, which are hardly detectable by the naked eye. Phylogenetically, P. crispans is much closer to P. reliqua than to P. delicata; their differences are listed under the latter species.</p><p>Protodontia subgelatinosa (P. Karst.) Pilát is another species that could be mistaken for P. crispans . In addition to different substrate preferences (angiosperm wood versus conifer wood), P. subgelatinosa has wider hyphidia and more regularly shaped, ellipsoid, or ovoid (very rarely cylindrical) basidiospores (see description in Spirin et al. 2019 b). Moreover, the spines of P. subgelatinosa tend to fuse in groups of three – four, and no such pattern was observed in P. crispans .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7E097DA7C1AE559C8E55AEB9D2CA8E0C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
11B898B4741C596CA3C83E4037109AAA.text	11B898B4741C596CA3C83E4037109AAA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protoacia reliqua Grootmyers & Spirin 2025	<div><p>Protoacia reliqua Grootmyers &amp; Spirin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 D, 8 H</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>USA. Tennessee: Anderson Co., Norris, Norris Dam State Park, Juniperus virginiana (fallen decorticated log), 20.VII.2021 Grootmyers 21072014 * (H).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Reliquus (Lat., adj.) – remaining, another one.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, covering a few cm, semitranslucent, gelatinous, whitish, adnate; hymenophore hydnoid, spines acute, single, 0.05–0.1 mm long, 6–8 per mm; subiculum hardly visible, semitranslucent, 0.02–0.05 mm thick; margin gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped, frequently anastomosing; subicular hyphae thin-walled or with a distinct wall, interwoven, 2.5–4 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae very thin-walled, quickly collapsing, interwoven, 2–3 μm in diam. Cystidia absent. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex, scattered among basidia. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, broadly ellipsoid to globose, pedunculate, (7.2 –) 7.6–9.6 (– 10.2) × (5.6 –) 6.0–7.3 (– 7.5) μm (n = 20 / 1), stalk distinct, up to 25 × 2–2.5 μm, sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 22 × 2–2.5 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, narrowly ellipsoid or ovoid to broadly cylindrical, (5.1 –) 5.2–7.7 (– 8.1) × (3.2 –) 3.3–4.5 (– 4.8) μm (n = 31 / 1), L = 6.20, W = 3.89, Q’ = (1.2 –) 1.3–1.8 (– 1.9), Q = 1.60, with a large central oil drop.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>North America (USA – Tennessee); rotten coniferous logs ( Juniperus spp.).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Protoacia reliqua is a North American relative of P. crispans . It differs from the latter species in having shorter spines, as well as smaller basidia and basidiospores. The basidiospores of P. reliqua are not as variable in shape as those of P. crispans, varying from ellipsoid-ovoid to broadly cylindrical. The species is so far known only from the type locality but is likely overlooked due to its diminutive basidiocarps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/11B898B4741C596CA3C83E4037109AAA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
D70FAF61631A5680AAF2240F08191B97.text	D70FAF61631A5680AAF2240F08191B97.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protoacia Spirin & V. Malysheva 2019	<div><p>Protoacia Spirin &amp; V. Malysheva, Nordic Journal of Botany 37 (e 02394): 19, 2019.</p><p>Note.</p><p>For the genus description, see Spirin et al. (2019 b).</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Protoacia delicata Spirin &amp; V. Malysheva.</p><p>The generic type of Protoacia, P. delicata, possesses broadly ellipsoid or subglobose basidiospores. Here we add two new species with ellipsoid to cylindrical basidiospores to Protoacia . However, we do not amend the generic description of Protoacia due to the somewhat uncertain status of the genus versus Gelacantha (see Results). The single species of that genus, G. pura, differs from the three Protoacia species in having more robust basidiocarps with irregularly distributed and partly fusing spines, as well as wider subicular hyphae and hyphidia. At least one more undescribed species closely related to P. delicata can be recognised based on available sequences in GenBank (Fig. 3).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/D70FAF61631A5680AAF2240F08191B97	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
A31B8E475927554190FCE2C82668E799.text	A31B8E475927554190FCE2C82668E799.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum album (Lloyd) Spirin 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum album (Lloyd) Spirin comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 7 C, 11 A</p><p>≡ Exidiopsis alba Lloyd, Mycological Writings 4 (44): 9, 1913. Lectotype (selected here, MBT 10025858) . Fig. 1929 (plate 177) in Lloyd, Mycological Writings 6, 1921. Epitype (selected here, MBT 10025859) . USA. Ohio: Butler Co., Ross Hanover Rd., Platanus sp., 19. VII. 1977 Burdsall 9422 (CFMR HHB-9422; duplicate – LE 23063 *, studied; other duplicates – ILLS 00157217, MIN 840751, NY 01930202) .</p><p>= Seismosarca alba (Lloyd) Lloyd, Mycological Writings 6: 1045, 1921.</p><p>= Exidia alba (Lloyd) Burt, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 8: 366, 1921.</p><p>= Gloeotromera alba (Lloyd) Ervin, Mycologia 48 (5): 692, 1956.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps first orbicular or pulvinate, later cerebriform or foliaceous, gelatinous, opalescent, pure white to beige, later pale ochraceous to brownish, up to 3 cm in diam., 3–15 mm thick, in dry condition brown and tough, margin elevated, partly detaching; lobes rounded, entire, 1–1.5 mm thick. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped, thin- to slightly thick-walled; context hyphae mostly interwoven, frequently anastomosing, 2–7 μm in diam., occasionally swollen at septa (up to 9 μm in diam.), embedded in gelatinous matrix, subhymenial hyphae predominantly ascending, rather loosely arranged, 1–3 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia abundant, yellowish or brownish, gradually tapering to the apex, more rarely narrowly clavate, occasionally bifurcate, embedded, (69 –) 76–260 (– 265) × (4.1 –) 5.0–11.4 (– 13.2) μm (n = 42 / 4). Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 0.5–2 μm in diam. at the apex, occasionally forming a continuous layer up to 20 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, sessile or very rarely with a strongly reduced stalk-like base (up to 2.5 × 2.5 μm), embedded, (12 –) 13–17.5 (– 18) × (8.8 –) 9.1–13.5 (– 13.7) μm (n = 40 / 4), sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 15 × 2–3 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, cylindrical to broadly cylindrical, often slightly curved, (7.3 –) 7.6–11.2 (– 12.2) × (3.8 –) 3.9–6.1 (– 6.2) μm (n = 120 / 4), L = 9.37–10.14, W = 4.63–5.54, Q’ = (1.5 –) 1.6–2.3 (– 2.4), Q = 1.72–2.04.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>North America (USA – the eastern states); wood of angiosperms.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The species was first described as Exidiopsis alba (Lloyd 1913) and then moved to the genus Seismosarca Cooke by Lloyd (1921). Burt (1921) treated E. alba under Exidia . Martin (1951) studied the original material of Seismosarca hydrophora Cooke, the generic type of Seismosarca, and concluded that it was an Auricularia species. Consequently, Ervin (1956) placed E. alba, as well as Tremella pululahuana Pat., in a newly established genus, Gloeotromera Ervin . Wells (1957) showed that T. pululahuana is the same species as Ductifera millei, the generic type of Ductifera, which was also described from Pululahua, Ecuador. He therefore moved T. pululahuana to Ductifera and stated that E. alba was conspecific with the former species. We studied both the authentic material of T. pululahuana from Ecuador and numerous collections of the species so named from the USA. In our opinion, they should be treated separately, and E. alba is to be retained as the correct name for the North American species.</p><p>Lloyd did not provide any reference to studied specimens of E. alba in the protologue, nor in a later treatment of this species (Lloyd 1913, 1917). Stevenson and Cash (1936) reported 34 specimens in Lloyd’s herbarium labelled as Heterochaete alba, Seismosarca alba, or S. albida, but none named E. alba . Specimens identified as E. alba are also lacking in MyCoPortal (Miller and Bates 2017). It is therefore uncertain which collections were at Lloyd’s disposal when he prepared the species description. In the original description, he mentioned that anatomical features of E. alba were depicted by E. M. Wakefield (Lloyd 1913: 9). This drawing was published eight years later (Lloyd 1921); we designate it here as a lectotype (iconotype) of E. alba . Additionally, we provide E. alba with an epitype – a recent sequenced collection distributed among several herbaria.</p><p>Sequences of D. pululahuana published by Weiß and Oberwinkler (2001) actually belong to P. album . Differences between these species are discussed under Protohydnum pululahuanum .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A31B8E475927554190FCE2C82668E799	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
6FAF8ACEB0B15F40BC075453B0DCE41F.text	6FAF8ACEB0B15F40BC075453B0DCE41F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum aureum (Lowy) Spirin 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum aureum (Lowy) Spirin comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11 B</p><p>≡ Ductifera aurea Lowy, Mycologia 68: 1106, 1976. Holotype. Panama. Chiriquí: Cerro Punta, Cerro Respingo, unidentified wood in oak forest, 2.VI.1975 Dumont &amp; Carpenter PA- 1737 (NY 00738326, studied).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps first pustulate, gregarious, up to 1.5 mm in diam., then adpressed-cerebriform, up to 4 mm in diam., finally fusing together and forming compound crust-like fructifications up to 1 cm in the widest dimension, gelatinous, semitranslucent, amber-yellowish to pale ochraceous, 0.5–1 mm thick, in dry condition almost invisible, margin elevated, partly detaching; lobes poorly differentiated, rounded, entire, up to 0.5 mm thick. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae clamped; context hyphae thin- to slightly thick-walled, predominantly interwoven, hyaline or brownish, 1–4 μm in diam., embedded in gelatinous matrix, subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, ascending, hyaline, 1.5–3 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia abundant to rather rare, hyaline to yellowish, as a rule gradually tapering to the apex, embedded or rarely slightly projecting, 44–85 × 4.3–8.9 μm (n = 10 / 1). Hyphidia abundant, simple or sparsely branched, 0.5–1 μm in diam. at the apex, forming a continuous layer up to 10 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, sessile, embedded, 18–24 × 9.7–13.5 μm (n = 10 / 1), sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 15 × 2–3 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, cylindrical to broadly cylindrical, occasionally slightly curved, (10.0 –) 10.2–14.6 (– 15.4) × 5.5–7.2 (– 7.4) μm (n = 20 / 1), L = 12.84, W = 6.46, Q’ = (1.6 –) 1.7–2.5 (– 2.7), Q = 2.00.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Ductifera aurea was described from a single specimen collected in Panama (Lowy 1976) and is so far not known elsewhere. Morphologically, it is most similar to P. album and P. pululahuanum . It differs from both of these in having considerably larger basidia and basidiospores. We transfer it to Protohydnum based on morphological evidence; our attempts to sequence the holotype were unsuccessful.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6FAF8ACEB0B15F40BC075453B0DCE41F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
4427129F4DB057749D72DF5548BE6EDD.text	4427129F4DB057749D72DF5548BE6EDD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum cartilagineum Moller	<div><p>Protohydnum cartilagineum Möller, Botanische Mittheilungen aus den Tropen 8: 173, 1895.</p><p>Note.</p><p>For a modern description of P. cartilagineum, see Malysheva et al. (2018). The species is closely related to P. ocellatum introduced below; see further remarks under the latter species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4427129F4DB057749D72DF5548BE6EDD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
F5C0337F7ACD5BD29B51E072BB63FA59.text	F5C0337F7ACD5BD29B51E072BB63FA59.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum elasticum (Lowy) Spirin 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum elasticum (Lowy) Spirin comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11 C</p><p>≡ Ductifera elastica Lowy, Mycotaxon 15: 97, 1982. Holotype. Brazil. Acre: Rio Branco, rotten wood, 11. X. 1980 Lowy BR 646 (LSUM, isotype – NY 00738327, studied).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, up to 3 cm in widest dimension, smooth or indistinctly tuberculate, gelatinous, opaque, dirty ochraceous to brownish, 0.1–0.2 mm thick, in dry condition almost invisible, margin sharply delimited, adnate. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped; subicular hyphae thin- to slightly thick-walled, interwoven or subparallel, hardly discernible, 1.5–3.5 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, ascending or interwoven, easily collapsing, 1.5–3 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia abundant, hyaline to yellowish, tubular-clavate, sometimes gradually tapering to the apex, embedded, (35 –) 36–92 (– 102) × (5.0 –) 5.1–8.7 (– 8.8) μm (n = 14 / 1). Hyphidia abundant, variably branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex, forming a continuous layer up to 10 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, pedunculate, 14.5–21 × 9.4–15.2 μm (n = 8 / 1), stalk up to 15 × 3.5–4 μm, sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 16 × 3–3.5 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, broadly cylindrical to narrowly ovoid, slightly to moderately curved, (7.4 –) 7.8–11.0 (– 11.1) × (4.3 –) 4.6–5.8 (– 6.2) μm (n = 30 / 1), L = 9.10, W = 5.21, Q’ = (1.4 –) 1.5–1.9 (– 2.0), Q = 1.75.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The species was described as a member of Ductifera (Lowy 1982), although effused basidiocarps and pedunculate basidia of D. elastica indicate that Bourdotia could have been more appropriate for it. Roberts (2003) studied the type of D. elastica and concluded that it is conspecific with the European Exidiopsis (Bourdotia) galzinii (see under Protohydnum galzinii below). We rechecked the aforementioned type and concluded that D. elastica is similar to B. galzinii but cannot be considered its synonym. The main difference between these species is the spore width and shape – the basidiospores of D. elastica are certainly narrower and more regularly cylindrical than in B. galzinii . We therefore combine D. elastica in Protohydnum as a species of its own. The species is so far known only from the type locality in the Brazilian Amazon, and no verified sequences of P. elasticum currently exist.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F5C0337F7ACD5BD29B51E072BB63FA59	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
26668B3C8B935EEEB5BD6733C0350D26.text	26668B3C8B935EEEB5BD6733C0350D26.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum elevatum V. Malysheva & Spirin 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum elevatum V. Malysheva &amp; Spirin sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11 D</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Russia. Sakhalin Reg.: Kunashir, Actinidia kolomikta (dry branch), 17.VIII.2017 Bulakh (LE F-347688 *, isotype – H).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Elevatus (Lat., adj.) – elevated; referred to the basidiocarp margin.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps adpressed-orbicular to cerebriform, erumpent, up to 0.5 cm in diam., first solitary, then partly fusing together, gelatinous, semitranslucent, ivory-yellowish or pale ochraceous, up to 1 mm thick, in dry condition brownish and crustaceous, margin elevated, adnate; lobes poorly pronounced, rounded, entire, 0.5–1 mm thick. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped, thin-walled, easily collapsing; context hyphae interwoven, 2.5–5 μm in diam., embedded in gelatinous matrix, subhymenial hyphae ascending or interwoven, rather loosely arranged, 2–4 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia abundant, hyaline to yellowish, often distinctly tapering to the apex, embedded, (23 –) 26–46 (– 51) × (5.2 –) 5.3–7.8 (– 8.1) μm (n = 20 / 1). Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex, forming a continuous, loose layer up to 15 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, sessile, often distinctly tapering to the base, embedded, (18 –) 24–34 (– 40) × (11.8 –) 12.0–15.9 (– 16.7) μm (n = 20 / 1), sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 25 × 4–6 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, ellipsoid-ovoid to broadly cylindrical, more rarely cylindrical and slightly curved, (11.0 –) 11.8–15.7 (– 16.2) × (7.4 –) 7.8–10.1 (– 11.1) μm (n = 30 / 1), L = 13.16, W = 8.91, Q’ = (1.2 –) 1.3–1.7 (– 1.8), Q = 1.49.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>East Asia (Russia – Kuril Ids.); dead angiosperm wood.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Protohydnum elevatum is a close relative of P. lactescens from North America (Figs 1, 2). It differs from the latter species in having larger basidia and wider basidiospores, as well as shorter gloeocystidia. The species is currently known only from the type locality in East Asia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/26668B3C8B935EEEB5BD6733C0350D26	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
EDF0EC7397795ACD82FF2BD18CE59D38.text	EDF0EC7397795ACD82FF2BD18CE59D38.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum erumpens A. Savchenko & Spirin 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum erumpens A. Savchenko &amp; Spirin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 E, 11 E</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Kenya. Taita-Taveta: Taita Hills, Ngangao Forest, Xymalos monospora (fallen branch), 23.XI.2017 Savchenko 171123 / 1515 * (H 7008774).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Erumpens (Lat., present participle of ‘erumpo’) – erumpent, in reference to the basidiocarp’s growth.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, up to 3 cm in widest dimension, erumpent, smooth, gelatinous, semitranslucent, bluish-greyish to pale ochraceous, 0.04–0.1 mm thick, in dry condition almost invisible, margin gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline or yellowish, clamped; subicular hyphae slightly thick-walled, subparallel, frequently anastomosing, 2–3 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin- to slightly thick-walled, interwoven or ascending, rather loosely arranged, 2–4 μm in diam. Cystidia absent. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 0.5–1 μm in diam. at the apex, occasionally forming a continuous layer up to 15 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, pedunculate, (12 –) 13–16.5 (– 17) × (9.0 –) 9.2–11.2 (– 11.3) μm (n = 20 / 1), stalk up to 14 × 3–4.5 μm, sometimes strongly reduced, sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 20 × 2–3 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, cylindrical to broadly cylindrical, slightly to moderately curved, (8.9 –) 9.3–12.3 (– 13.4) × (5.0 –) 5.1–6.4 (– 6.8) μm (n = 30 / 1), L = 11.12, W = 5.78, Q’ = (1.6 –) 1.7–2.2 (– 2.3), Q = 1.93.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Africa (Kenya); partly corticated fallen angiosperm branch.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Morphologically and phylogenetically, P. erumpens is closest to P. livescens (Fig. 1). It differs from this species in having thinner basidiocarps, shorter basidia, and slightly smaller basidiospores. Protohydnum erumpens is so far known only from the type locality in Africa, where it was collected from angiosperm wood remnants. In turn, the European species P. livescens seems to be restricted to coniferous hosts.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EDF0EC7397795ACD82FF2BD18CE59D38	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
A07DABD029E751A8A81F3B5F219098D6.text	A07DABD029E751A8A81F3B5F219098D6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum galzinii (Bres.) Spirin & R. H. Nilsson 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum galzinii (Bres.) Spirin &amp; R. H. Nilsson comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 7 D, 11 F</p><p>≡ Sebacina galzinii Bres., Annales Mycologici 6: 46, 1908. Lectotype (selected by Wells and Raitviir 1975: 908). France. Aveyron: Saint-Sernin-sur-Rance, Fraxinus excelsior, V. 1905 Galzin 3832 (S F 19700, studied) .</p><p>= Bourdotia galzinii (Bres.) Torrend, Brotéria Serie Botanica 11: 88, 1913.</p><p>= Bourdotia caesia Bres. &amp; Torrend, Brotéria Serie Botanica 11: 88, 1913. Lectotype (selected here, MBT 10025860). Portugal. Lisboa, ‘ ad ligna’, 27.XII.1909 Torrend (PC 0084209, studied).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, covering a few cm, smooth or indistinctly tuberculate, gelatinous, first semitranslucent, bluish-greyish, then opalescent, whitish, 0.1–1 mm thick, in dry condition vinaceous-brown to brownish-black, vernicose, margin gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline or yellowish, clamped; subicular hyphae thin-walled, subparallel, 3–4 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, interwoven or ascending, rather densely arranged, 1.5–3.5 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia abundant, brownish-yellowish, deeply rooted, usually tapering to the apex, often sinuous, embedded, (68 –) 70–109 (– 118) × (4.1 –) 4.2–7.2 (– 8.6) μm (n = 30 / 3). Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex, forming a continuous layer up to 20 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally or occasionally obliquely septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, pedunculate, (12 –) 13–20 (– 23.5) × (8.7 –) 8.9–13.1 (– 14.0) μm (n = 41 / 4), stalk up to 16 × 2.5–3 μm, sterigmata tubular, gradually tapering, up to 20 × 2–3.5 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, ellipsoid-ovoid to broadly cylindrical, the longest spores slightly curved, (8.1 –) 8.3–12.3 (– 12.8) × (5.0 –) 5.1–7.3 (– 7.4) μm (n = 180 / 6), L = 9.32–11.26, W = 6.23–6.48, Q’ = (1.2 –) 1.3–2.0 (– 2.3), Q = 1.49–1.75.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Europe (Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Spain, and Ukraine), Macaronesia (Canary Islands), and Asia (Iran); decorticated wood of deciduous trees, rarely conifers.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was first described as a member of the simultaneously introduced subgenus Bourdotia Bres. in the genus Sebacina Tul. &amp; C. Tul. (Bresadola 1908). Five years later, the subgenus was raised to the genus rank, and another species, B. caesia, was added (Torrend 1913). We studied type material of both species and concluded that they are conspecific. Here we treat Bourdotia as a synonym of Protohydnum and therefore transfer B. galzinii to the latter genus.</p><p>Protohydnum galzinii is a temperate species widely distributed in Europe. Due to its prominent gloeocystidia and stalked basidia, it can be easily identified under the microscope. The identity of B. galzinii collections from North and South America, as well as that of Bourdotia petiolata (D. P. Rogers) K. Wells, originally described from the Marshall Islands, remains obscure due to the lack of recent sequenced material. Bourdotia galzinii f. microcystidiata Hauerslev was described based on a single collection (Galzin 14319, PC) initially identified by Bourdot as Sebacina mesomorpha Bourdot &amp; Galzin (Hauerslev 1993). We restudied this specimen and concluded that it belongs to Exidiopsis opalea (Bourdot &amp; Galzin) D. A. Reid.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A07DABD029E751A8A81F3B5F219098D6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
1F7E12E872A55499BD2E81DAB1C16996.text	1F7E12E872A55499BD2E81DAB1C16996.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum glabrum (Moller) Spirin 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum glabrum (Möller) Spirin comb. nov.</p><p>≡ Exidiopsis glabra Möller, Botanische Mittheilungen aus den Tropen 8: 168, 1895. Lectotype (selected here, MBT 10025861). Brazil. Santa Catarina, Blumenau, 8.II.1893 Möller 1039 (HBG, studied).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, covering a few cm, smooth, gelatinised, semitranslucent, dirty ochraceous to brownish, 0.1–0.2 mm thick, margin gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped; subicular hyphae indiscernible, subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, ascending, easily collapsing, 2.5–3.5 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia yellowish, tapering, embedded, 41–69 × 6.5–12 μm. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex, forming a continuous layer up to 20 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, pedunculate, 14.5–18 × 9.1–12.8 μm (n = 6 / 1), stalk up to 17 × 3–3.5 μm, sometimes strongly reduced, sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 12.5 × 3 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, broadly ellipsoid to subglobose, 8.0–10.2 × 6.7–7.9 μm (n = 3 / 1), widely collapsed.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was described by Möller (1895) as a member of Exidiopsis from the southern part of Brazil and never mentioned thereafter. Here we reassess it based on the morphological study of the single remaining specimen in the HBG herbarium (designated as the lectotype above). The completely effused, smooth basidiocarps, abundant gloeocystidia, and ovoid-ellipsoid, clearly stalked basidia point towards Bourdotia galzinii (= Protohydnum galzinii in the present study) and satellite species as closest to P. glabrum . Among these species, P. nudum from East Africa looks most similar to P. glabrum . These species can be separated based on the length of gloeocystidia (twice as long in P. nudum compared to P. glabrum) and the presence of distinct, thick epihymenial layer of hyphidia in P. glabrum . Protohydnum glabrum is so far known only from the type locality, and newly collected material is highly desirable to study it with DNA methods.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1F7E12E872A55499BD2E81DAB1C16996	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
A16CEE29384B5E26A9115CA839917D31.text	A16CEE29384B5E26A9115CA839917D31.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum lactescens (Burt) Spirin & V. Malysheva 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum lactescens (Burt) Spirin &amp; V. Malysheva comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 10 A, 11 G</p><p>≡ Sebacina lactescens Burt, Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 13: 336, 1926. Holotype. Grenada. Grand Etang, [angiosperm branch], 1912–1913 Thaxter 153 (FH 00488322, studied).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps first adpressed-orbicular, up to 1 cm in diam., gelatinous, semitranslucent, pale ochraceous or greyish to brownish, 1–2 mm thick, then fusing together and forming compound effused basidiocarps up to 5 cm in diam., in dry condition brown and rather tough, margin adnate or partly detaching. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped; context hyphae thin-walled, interwoven or subparallel, anastomosing, embedded in gelatinous matrix, 2–4 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, ascending or interwoven, 1.5–3 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia abundant, hyaline to yellowish or brownish, tapering or more rarely tubular-clavate, embedded or only slightly projecting (up to 10 μm) above hymenial layer, 48–112 × 5–11 μm. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1–2 μm in diam. at the apex, forming a continuous layer up to 25 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, sessile or rarely with a reduced stalk up to 4 × 3 μm, (18 –) 19–26.5 (– 29) × (10.8 –) 11.7–16.0 (– 18.0) μm (n = 30 / 3), sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 20 × 3.5–4 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, cylindrical to broadly cylindrical, occasionally slightly curved, (9.4 –) 9.9–15.6 (– 16.8) × (5.8 –) 5.9–8.3 (– 8.9) μm (n = 90 / 3), L = 13.05–14.04, W = 6.77–7.33, Q’ = (1.4 –) 1.5–2.4 (– 2.5), Q = 1.78–1.99.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>North America (USA – California, the Caribbean – Grenada); decayed angiosperm wood.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species was originally described from the Caribbean (Burt 1926) and later placed among the synonyms of Ductifera sucina (Wells 1957). We restudied the type specimens of both Sebacina lactescens and Exidia sucina (see under Protohydnum sucinum below) and concluded that they belong to two different species. Protohydnum lactescens produces effused basidiocarps, while they are cerebriform-exidioid in P. sucinum . Microscopically, the species can be easily separated based on size of gloeocystidia (much shorter in P. lactescens than in P. sucinum), basidia, and basidiospores (considerably larger in P. lactescens than in P. sucinum). DNA sequences of D. sucina published by Weiß and Oberwinkler (2001) and Wells et al. (2004) represent P. lactescens instead. Wells (1957) listed Exidia cystidiata Olive as another synonym of D. sucina . We did not study its type; as we could judge from the protologue, it is likely that E. cystidiata is a synonym of P. lactescens .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A16CEE29384B5E26A9115CA839917D31	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
EFE660F7E8205B45B1E1448D44B06055.text	EFE660F7E8205B45B1E1448D44B06055.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum livescens (Bres.) Spirin & V. Malysheva 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum livescens (Bres.) Spirin &amp; V. Malysheva comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 F, 10 B, 11 H</p><p>≡ Sebacina livescens Bres., Fungi Tridentini 2 (11–13): 64, 1898. Lectotype (selected here, MBT 10025862). Italy. Trentino-Alto Adige: Trento, Andalo, Abies alba (rotten log), VIII.1896 Bresadola (S F 29132, studied) .</p><p>= Exidiopsis livescens (Bres.) Bourdot &amp; Maire, Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 36: 71, 1920.</p><p>= Sebacina laccata Bourdot &amp; Galzin, Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 39: 262, 1924. Lectotype (selected by Hauerslev 1993). France. Aveyron: Millau, L’Hospitalet-du-Larzac, Pinus sp., 25.IV.1910 Galzin 5743 (herb. Bourdot 7199) (PC, studied).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, covering a few cm, smooth or indistinctly tuberculate, gelatinous, first semitranslucent, whitish-greyish or cream-coloured, then greyish- to reddish-brown, opalescent, 0.02–1 mm thick, in dry condition almost invisible or turning to a vinaceous-brown vernicose crust, margin rather sharply delimited, adnate. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline or yellowish, clamped; subicular hyphae thin- to slightly thick-walled, interwoven or subparallel, frequently anastomosing, 2–4 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin- to slightly thick-walled, interwoven or ascending, rather densely arranged and partly glued together, 1–3.5 μm in diam. Cystidia absent. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 0.5–2 μm in diam. at the apex, usually forming a continuous layer up to 20 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally or rarely obliquely septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, pedunculate, (13 –) 14–20 (– 22) × (9.7 –) 9.8–14.3 (– 14.5) μm (n = 72 / 7), stalk up to 15 × 2–4 μm, sometimes strongly reduced, sterigmata tubular, gradually tapering, up to 20 × 2–3.5 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, cylindrical to broadly cylindrical, often slightly curved, (9.1 –) 9.2–15.8 (– 15.9) × (4.7 –) 5.0–7.2 (– 7.3) μm (n = 240 / 8), L = 11.34–13.65, W = 5.71–6.46, Q’ = (1.6 –) 1.7–2.6 (– 2.8), Q = 1.85–2.23.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Europe (Austria, France, Greece, Italy, Romania, Slovenia, Spain, and Ukraine); rotten decorticated wood of conifers ( Abies, Pinus).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The species was originally introduced as a member of Sebacina accompanied by a peculiar conidial stage, Dendrodochium livescens Bres. (Bresadola 1898). The authentic material is currently stored in two parcels in Stockholm. We studied them both and concluded that these specimens belong to two different species. The Dendrodochium stage is certainly an asexual ( Leucogloea) stage of a Helicogloea species (cf. Kirschner 2004, Spirin et al. 2018 b); we will address its identity on a separate occasion. The teleomorphic fungus does represent a genuine member of the Auriculariales with four-celled, petiolate basidia, and it is evidently conspecific with Exidiopsis laccata Bourdot &amp; Galzin . According to DNA data, S. livescens belongs to Protohydnum, and it is most closely related to P. erumpens from Africa and two neotropical species, P. cartilagineum (the generic type of Protohydnum) and P. ocellatum described below. The lack of gloeocystidia and longer basidiospores differentiate P. livescens from P. galzinii, another representative of the genus in central and southern parts of Europe. The lectotype of S. laccata described from southern France (Bourdot and Galzin 1924) is morphologically indistinguishable from the type of S. livescens and other specimens studied by us; S. laccata is therefore treated here as a synonym of P. livescens .</p><p>Neuhoff (1936) misapplied the name S. livescens to another species, which is distributed in northern Eurasia. The correct name for the latter taxon is Exidiopsis succinea K. Wells &amp; Raitviir (see description in Wells and Raitviir 1987). It differs from P. livescens in having sessile (not pedunculate) basidia, larger basidiospores, and it occurs on angiosperms, preferably on wood of Salicaceae . Phylogenetically, these species are not closely related (Fig. 1). All previous records of E. livescens from northern Europe seem to refer to E. succinea .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/EFE660F7E8205B45B1E1448D44B06055	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
2111718ECF205318814A2567A9C2901E.text	2111718ECF205318814A2567A9C2901E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum microperum (Kalchbr. & Cooke) Spirin 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum microperum (Kalchbr. &amp; Cooke) Spirin comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11 I</p><p>≡ Tremella micropera Kalchbr. &amp; Cooke, Grevillea 9 (49): 18, 1880. Holotype. South Africa. Eastern Cape: Blue Crane Route, Somerset East, on branches, [no collecting date] MacOwan 1351 (K (M) 56709, studied).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps cushion-shaped, gregarious, erumpent, ca. 1 mm in diam., gelatinous, semitranslucent, amber-coloured, up to 0.5 mm thick, in dry condition reddish-brown. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped, thin- or moderately thick-walled, ascending, 1.5–2.5 μm in diam., context hyphae not differentiated. Gloeocystidia abundant, hyaline or brownish, gradually tapering to the apex, embedded or slightly projecting, 32–83 × 4.7–9.9 μm (n = 10 / 1). Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex, forming a continuous layer up to 20 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, sessile, embedded, 15–23.5 × 9.8–14.2 μm (n = 12 / 1), sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 20 × 2.5–3 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, cylindrical, slightly or distinctly curved, (9.8 –) 10.3–15.3 (– 15.8) × (4.5 –) 4.6–6.5 (– 6.6) μm (n = 30 / 1), L = 13.31, W = 5.62, Q’ = (1.8 –) 1.9–2.8 (– 3.3), Q = 2.39.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Anatomically, P. microperum shows a certain similarity to P. aureum . These species can primarily be separated based on basidiocarp morphology (cushion-shaped and non-fusing in P. microperum versus pustulate and soon coalescing in P. aureum) and the basidiospore width (spores in P. microperum are on average narrower than in P. aureum). Protohydnum microperum is currently known only from the type locality in South Africa. Wells (1958) moved the species to Ductifera and treated Seismosarca tomentosa Olive, described from Georgia (USA), as its later synonym. As we could judge from the protologue (Olive 1947), S. tomentosa has a completely different basidiocarp configuration (effused, strongly darkening after drying, and possessing a white tomentose margin) and much larger basidiospores than P. microperum . It seems that the description of D. micropera by Wells (1957) refers mainly to S. tomentosa . After studying the type material of P. microperum, we found that they could hardly be conspecific; S. tomentosa certainly deserves a closer study.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/2111718ECF205318814A2567A9C2901E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
86F0FCDED8DB5F3192944514BD496E06.text	86F0FCDED8DB5F3192944514BD496E06.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum Moller	<div><p>Protohydnum Möller, Botanische Mittheilungen aus den Tropen 8: 173, 1895, emend.</p><p>= Bourdotia (Bres.) Bres. &amp; Torrend, Brotéria Serie Botanica 11: 88, 1913. Type species. Sebacina galzinii Bres. (selected by Clements and Shear 1931: 342).</p><p>= Ductifera Lloyd, Mycological Writings 5: 711, 1917. Type species. Ductifera millei Lloyd .</p><p>= Gloeotromera Ervin, Mycologia 48: 692, 1956. Type species. Exidiopsis alba Lloyd .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps cushion-shaped – cerebriform or completely resupinate, with adnate or elevated margin, gelatinous; hymenial surface nearly smooth or (in one species) distinctly hydnoid. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae clamped. Gloeocystidia present in most species, tubular, variably tapering upwards, usually embedded. Basidia strictly four-celled, sessile (cerebriform species) or predominantly pedunculate to petiolate (resupinate species), with rather thick, distinctly located sterigmata. Basidiospores thin-walled, cylindrical to ellipsoid, more rarely cylindrical-subfusiform or broadly ellipsoid – subglobose, repetitive.</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Protohydnum cartilagineum Möller.</p><p>Here we redefine Protohydnum and merge it with Ductifera and Bourdotia . Additionally, two species earlier included in Exidiopsis (Bref.) Möller s. lato (i. e., Exidiopsis glabra Möller and E. livescens) are also reclassified into Protohydnum . In its current scope, the genus contains sixteen species.</p><p>Phylogenetically, the large Protohydnum clade is the sister lineage of Basidiodendron Rick (Weiß and Oberwinkler 2001, Spirin et al. 2020, 2021, present study – Fig. 1). All Basidiodendron spp. have gloeocystidia similar to those of the cystidiate Protohydnum species. However, the genera are quite different otherwise. Basidiocarps of Basidiodendron spp. are waxy-arid (not gelatinous as in Protohydnum), and they become somewhat gelatinised at the very end of their development in only a few species. Furthermore, turgid basidia of Basidiodendron spp. are usually located at the very top of the basidia-bearing hyphae covered by remnants of already collapsed basidial cells, giving these structures a peculiar “ fishbone ” - like appearance; no such structures have been observed in Protohydnum spp. Moreover, basidiospores of Basidiodendron spp. feature a large, often asymmetrical, and somewhat eccentric apiculus (at least in the core species of the genus, i. e. those from the Basidiodendron eyrei (Wakef.) Luck-Allen and Basidiodendron caesiocinereum (Höhn. &amp; Litsch.) Luck-Allen complexes) (Spirin et al. 2020, 2021). In contrast, the basidiospore apiculus in Protohydnum spp. is, as a rule, rather small, regularly outlined, and conventionally located.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/86F0FCDED8DB5F3192944514BD496E06	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
8733A9A17E9F5169AD0B4BE93C90A0BF.text	8733A9A17E9F5169AD0B4BE93C90A0BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum nudum Spirin & Ryvarden 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum nudum Spirin &amp; Ryvarden sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11 J</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Kenya. Western Province: Kakamega Forest, decayed wood, 25–27.I.1973 Ryvarden 9435 * (O, isotype – H).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Nudus (Lat., adj.) – nude; in reference to exposed basidia.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, up to 4 cm in widest dimension, smooth, gelatinous, semitranslucent, bluish-greyish to brownish, 0.1–0.2 mm thick, in dry condition light grey and rather sturdy, opaque, margin gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped; subicular hyphae thin-walled or with variably thickened gelatinised walls, subparallel or interwoven, glued together, 2.5–4 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, predominantly ascending, often glued, 2–4 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia abundant, hyaline to yellowish, deeply rooted or arising from subhymenial hyphae, slightly tapering to the apex, often sinuous, normally embedded, 30–154 × 3.5–6.5 μm. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 0.5–1 μm in diam. at the apex, normally scattered among basidia, in senescent hymenium sometimes forming a continuous layer up to 10 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, pedunculate, (17 –) 17.5–23 (– 24) × (10.2 –) 10.3–12.4 (– 12.8) μm (n = 20 / 2), often exposed, stalk up to 20 × 3.5–6 (– 8) μm, sterigmata tubular, gradually tapering, up to 18 × 2–3.5 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, ellipsoid-ovoid to broadly ellipsoid or more rarely subglobose, (7.2 –) 7.3–10.2 (– 10.6) × (5.7 –) 6.2–8.9 (– 9.0) μm (n = 60 / 2), L = 8.65–9.29, W = 6.86–7.91, Q’ = 1.1–1.4 (– 1.5), Q = 1.18–1.26, apiculus occasionally eccentric.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Africa (Kenya); decorticated wood of deciduous trees.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Phylogenetically, P. nudum is closely related to P. galzinii (Fig. 2). It differs from the latter species in having wider, predominantly ellipsoid basidiospores and larger basidia. Moreover, basidial cells of P. nudum are often exposed, while they are normally rather deeply embedded in the layer of hyphidia in P. galzinii . Protohydnum nudum is known only from two collections from East Africa (Kenya); the range of P. galzinii lies further to the north, stretching from Macaronesia to the Caucasus and Middle East Asia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/8733A9A17E9F5169AD0B4BE93C90A0BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
1C5E0FE19DC55834A6F82994885C7EA2.text	1C5E0FE19DC55834A6F82994885C7EA2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum ocellatum Alvarenga & K. H. Larss. 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum ocellatum Alvarenga &amp; K. H. Larss. sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11 K</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Brazil. Rondônia: Porto Velho, Cunião Ecological Station, angiosperm wood in lowland rain forest, 13.III.2012 Larsson 15431 * (URM).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Ocellatus (Lat., adj.) – ocellate; in reference to abundant mineral inclusions.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, up to 10 cm in widest dimension, tuberculate, gelatinous, semitranslucent, amber-yellow to ochraceous-reddish, 0.5–1 mm thick, containing numerous small whitish grains, in dry condition vinaceous-brown, vernicose, margin sharply delimited, adnate or partly detaching. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped, thin-walled, homogeneous throughout, ascending, rather tightly arranged, 3–5 μm in diam. Cystidia absent. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex, usually forming a continuous layer up to 15 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, pedunculate, (12 –) 13–14.5 (– 15) × (8.2 –) 8.8–11.1 (– 11.3) μm (n = 20 / 1), stalk up to 30 × 3–5 μm, sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 12 × 3–4 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, cylindrical to subfusiform, (7.7 –) 7.9–10.2 (– 10.3) × (3.1 –) 3.6–4.8 (– 4.9) μm (n = 30 / 1), L = 8.91, W = 4.07, Q’ = (1.8 –) 1.9–2.6 (– 2.7), Q = 2.20, cytoplasm usually aguttulate.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>South America (Brazil); decayed angiosperm wood.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Protohydnum ocellatum is introduced here as a sibling species of P. cartilagineum (Figs 1, 2). The species are confusingly similar under the microscope, and they are phylogenetically closely related. The only reliable morphological difference is the hymenophore construction: the hymenophore is nearly smooth in P. ocellatum but consists of robust (up to 3 mm long), regularly distributed spines in P. cartilagineum . Nevertheless, this striking macroscopic difference and the substantial genetic distance (2.6 % difference in the LSU region) allow us to distinguish between these two species. Protohydnum ocellatum has so far only been found in the type locality in Brazil.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1C5E0FE19DC55834A6F82994885C7EA2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
4DBA027E7AEE5AE1AA84011F92ABCD07.text	4DBA027E7AEE5AE1AA84011F92ABCD07.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum pallidum Spirin & Ryvarden 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum pallidum Spirin &amp; Ryvarden sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 10 C, 11 L</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Zimbabwe. Manicaland: Rhodes Inyanga Nat. Park, Nyazengu, corticated hardwood branch, 16.I.1989 Ryvarden 26180 * (O, isotypes – H, LE).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Pallidus (Lat., adj.) – pale, in reference to pale-coloured basidiocarps.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, erumpent, up to 6 cm in widest dimension, smooth or indistinctly folded, cartilagineous, opaque, cream-coloured to pale ochraceous, 1–1.5 mm thick, in dry condition brown, vernicose, margin sharply delimited, sometimes slightly elevated, adnate or partly detaching. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped, homogeneous throughout, ascending or interwoven, embedded in gelatinous matrix, 2–3 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia abundant, yellowish-brownish, tapering or tubular-clavate, embedded, 85–165 × 9.5–17 μm. Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 1.5–2 μm in diam. at the apex, forming a continuous layer up to 15 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, pedunculate, (22 –) 23–31 (– 32) × (14.2 –) 14.4–19.8 (– 20.2) μm (n = 20 / 1), stalk up to 22 × 4–5.5 μm, sterigmata gradually tapering or apically swollen, up to 17 × 6–7 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, (14.0 –) 14.7–17.1 (– 17.2) × (10.1 –) 10.2–13.0 (– 13.1) μm (n = 30 / 1), L = 15.77, W = 11.58, Q’ = (1.1 –) 1.2–1.5 (– 1.7), Q = 1.37, cytoplasm with one or several large oil drops.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Africa (Zimbabwe); still corticated angiosperm branches.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The species is introduced here based on extensive material collected in southern Africa. Morphologically, P. pallidum is reminiscent of the Australian Sebacina megaspora G. W. Martin, combined in Ductifera by Wells (1957). However, Ductifera megaspora (G. W. Martin) K. Wells has sessile, subglobose basidia and much larger basidiospores than those of P. pallidum (see descriptions in Martin 1936 and Wells 1957). The identity of D. megaspora remains obscure.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4DBA027E7AEE5AE1AA84011F92ABCD07	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
6EA1EFD6FC47577BB908A32C67959AA1.text	6EA1EFD6FC47577BB908A32C67959AA1.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum pululahuanum (Pat.) Spirin 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum pululahuanum (Pat.) Spirin comb. nov.</p><p>Fig. 11 M</p><p>≡ Tremella pululahuana Pat., Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 9: 138, 1893. Lectotype (selected here, MBT 10025863). Ecuador. Pichincha: Quito, Pululahua, decayed branches, II.1892 Lagerheim (FH 00783541, studied) .</p><p>= Ductifera pululahuana (Pat.) Donk, Taxon 7: 164, 1958.</p><p>= Ductifera millei Lloyd, Mycological Writings 5: 711, 1917 (fide Wells 1957).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps first pustulate, gregarious, ca. 1 mm in diam., then adpressed-orbicular, up to 1 cm in diam., finally fusing together and forming compound crust-like, effused fructifications up to 2 cm in the widest dimension, gelatinous, semitranslucent, cream-coloured to ivory-yellowish or pale ochraceous, 1–2 mm thick, in dry condition brown and crustaceous, margin elevated, partly detaching; lobes rounded or evenly incised, hollow, 0.5–1 mm thick. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline, clamped, thin- to slightly thick-walled; context hyphae interwoven or subparallel, 2–6.5 μm in diam., embedded in gelatinous matrix, subhymenial hyphae predominantly ascending, rather tightly arranged, 1–3 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia abundant to rather rare, hyaline to yellowish or brownish, gradually tapering to the apex, embedded, (55 –) 65–122 (– 172) × (5.0 –) 5.8–11.4 (– 12.3) μm (n = 24 / 3). Hyphidia abundant, richly branched, 0.5–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex, forming a continuous layer up to 30 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, sessile, embedded, (12 –) 13.5–17.5 (– 18.5) × (8.9 –) 9.8–13.6 (– 13.8) μm (n = 24 / 3), sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 15 × 2–3 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, cylindrical to broadly cylindrical, usually slightly curved, (8.4 –) 8.8–11.8 (– 12.3) × (4.0 –) 4.2–6.5 (– 6.6) μm (n = 90 / 3), L = 10.02–10.34, W = 5.36–5.56, Q’ = (1.5 –) 1.6–2.3 (– 2.8), Q = 1.85–1.93.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>South America (Ecuador); thin fallen branches of angiosperms.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Tremella pululahuana was described from Ecuador by Patouillard and Lagerheim (1893). Four original specimens (FH) are the source of the species description above, and one of them (with the collecting date indicated on the label) is selected as a lectotype. No sequences of T. pululahuana s. typi are available at the moment, and we therefore combine it in Protohydnum based on morphological evidence, i. e. its high similarity to P. album and P. aureum . Protohydnum aureum clearly differs from both P. album and P. pululahuanum in having larger basidia and basidiospores. Basidiospores of P. pululahuanum are on average slightly longer and wider than in P. album, although their dimensions strongly overlap. Ervin (1956) pointed at macroscopic differences between P. album and P. pululahuanum (both treated under Gloeotromera), and her observations correspond with our evidence. Basidiocarps of P. pululahuanum are substantially smaller than in P. album and, when fully developed, produce hollow lobes. It seems that yellowish-ochraceous colouration is characteristic of P. pululahuanum from the very beginning (see protologue). Fructifications of P. album are initially white and either remain so or get yellow-brown tints at the very end of their development or after drying. Moreover, mature basidiocarps of P. album are cerebriform, or foliaceous, not adpressed-orbicular or effused as in P. pululahuanum, and they bear entire lobes.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/6EA1EFD6FC47577BB908A32C67959AA1	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
9C0FD7C018CC53158C2FD9F7473284FC.text	9C0FD7C018CC53158C2FD9F7473284FC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protohydnum sucinum (Moller) Spirin & Alvarenga 2025	<div><p>Protohydnum sucinum (Möller) Spirin &amp; Alvarenga comb. nov.</p><p>Figs 10 D, 11 N</p><p>≡ Exidia sucina Möller, Botanische Mittheilungen aus den Tropen 8: 169, 1895. Lectotype (selected here, MBT 10025864). Brazil. Santa Catarina, Blumenau, [1892] Möller 8 (HBG, studied).</p><p>= Auricularia brasiliensis Lloyd, Mycological Writings 5: 785, 1918. Lectotype (selected here, MBT 10025884). Brazil. [no locality and collecting date], Rick (Lloyd’s herbarium # 33208) (BPI 701266, studied).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps pulvinate or cerebriform, up to 1 cm in diam., occasionally fusing together and producing compound fructifications up to 4 cm in widest dimension, gelatinous, semitranslucent, pale ochraceous or amber-coloured to brownish-orange, 1.5–8 mm thick, in dry condition brown and tough, margin elevated, partly detaching; lobes rounded, blunt, entire, up to 1.5 mm thick. Hyphal structure monomitic, hyphae hyaline or yellowish, clamped, thin-walled or with a distinct wall; context hyphae predominantly interwoven, 1–3 μm in diam., occasionally inflated up to 6 μm in diam., embedded in gelatinous matrix, subhymenial hyphae ascending, rather loosely arranged, 1–3 μm in diam. Gloeocystidia abundant, brownish, distinctly tapering at the apex, sometimes subulate, embedded or variably projecting, (75 –) 80–248 (– 272) × (4.0 –) 4.2–10.6 (– 11.1) μm (n = 30 / 4). Hyphidia hyaline to brownish, richly branched, 0.5–1 μm in diam. at the apex, forming a continuous layer up to 50 μm thick. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally or obliquely septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, sessile or rarely with a strongly reduced stalk up to 4 × 3 μm, (11.5 –) 12–16.5 (– 17) × (7.8 –) 8.1–12.4 (– 13.7) μm (n = 40 / 4), sterigmata gradually tapering, up to 30 × 3–4 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, cylindrical to broadly cylindrical, usually slightly curved (bean-shaped), (8.3 –) 8.8–11.0 (– 11.1) × (4.7 –) 4.8–6.1 (– 6.3) μm (n = 120 / 4), L = 9.99–10.75, W = 5.23–5.53, Q’ = (1.5 –) 1.6–2.4 (– 2.6), Q = 1.83–1.99.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>South America (southern part of Brazil); decayed wood of angiosperms.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>The authentic specimen of E. sucina, as well as many other of Möller’s collections, was noted as being present in the HBG herbarium by Friedrichsen (1977) but never properly investigated. We studied it and formally designated the specimen as a lectotype of E. sucina . Morphologically, P. sucinum is most similar to P. lactescens; their differences are listed under that species. Three original specimens of Auricularia brasiliensis (all collected by Rick in Brazil) in Lloyd’s herbarium (BPI) belong to P. sucinum sensu typi; we therefore place A. brasiliensis among the synonyms of P. sucinum . No modern specimens of P. sucinum are known to us.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9C0FD7C018CC53158C2FD9F7473284FC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
A2CB0041CBD950CDBFE414E9B5587EDF.text	A2CB0041CBD950CDBFE414E9B5587EDF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protomerulius amiliavi Spirin 2025	<div><p>Protomerulius amiliavi Spirin sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 G, 11 O</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>France. Aveyron: Millau, Le Causse Noir, Quercus pubescens (fallen decorticated branch), 13. XI. 2022 Spirin 16165 * (H, isotype – PC).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>From Amiliavum, the Roman name of Millau (the type locality).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, smooth, waxy, greyish to greyish-ochraceous, continuous, in older parts light-brown and partly gelatinised, up to 5 cm in widest dimension, 0.1–0.2 mm thick, margin narrow, first whitish to cream-coloured, floccose, then more compact and more or less concolourous with the hymenial surface. Hyphal structure monomitic; hyphae clamped, subicular hyphae with a distinct wall to slightly thick-walled, interwoven to subparallel, 1–3 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, interwoven or ascending, 1–2 μm in diam., partly glued together. Tramal cystidia abundant, hyaline or brownish, tubular-clavate, sturdy, arising from slightly thick-walled, narrow hyphae, with moderately thickened (up to 1.5 μm) walls gradually thinning-out towards the apical part, longest cystidia slightly tapering to or widened at the apex (thin-walled apical parts sometimes collapsing), (32 –) 35–103 (– 119) × (2.8 –) 3.3–5.2 (– 5.3) μm (n = 42 / 2), often in groups of 5–15. Hyphidia present, simple or sparsely branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex. Crystals present, acicular or in stellate agglomerations, up to 15 μm in widest dimension. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid to subglobose, pedunculate, (7.8 –) 8.2–11.2 (– 11.8) × (6.4 –) 7.1–8.8 (– 9.0) μm (n = 40 / 2), partly glued together, stalk distinct, up to 5 × 2.5 μm, sterigmata up to 10 × 2 μm. Basidiospores ellipsoid to broadly ellipsoid, more rarely broadly cylindrical, the longest spores somewhat sigmoid, (5.9 –) 6.0–9.1 (– 9.4) × (3.5 –) 3.7–5.1 (– 5.2) μm (n = 62 / 2), L = 7.30–7.59, W = 4.25–4.39, Q’ = (1.3 –) 1.4–2.1 (– 2.3), Q = 1.67–1.80.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Europe (France); decayed angiosperm wood ( Quercus).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Here we introduce P. amiliavi as a close relative of P. brachysporus (Bourdot &amp; Galzin) Spirin &amp; Malysheva. Both species possess rather thick, normally smooth basidiocarps with a gelatinised, light-brown when mature hymenium and rather narrow, fasciculate cystidia. Protomerulius amiliavi differs from P. brachysporus in having shorter and narrower cystidia and in lacking skeletal hyphae (although they are present only in well-developed specimens of the latter species). Moreover, P. amiliavi was collected from rotten oak wood, and all verified records of P. brachysporus were collected on conifer wood.</p><p>There are two other angiosperm-dwelling European Protomerulius species that produce opaque and relatively thick, crust-like basidiocarps and thereby can be mistaken for P. amiliavi . Of them, Protomerulius dubius (Bourdot &amp; Galzin) Spirin &amp; Malysheva is most similar to P. amiliavi, both macroscopically, due to its partly gelatinised and brownish basidiocarps in maturity, and microscopically, having similar cystidia and nearly identical basidiospores. However, cystidia of P. dubius are perceptibly wider than in P. amiliavi, reaching 9 μm in diam., and they are usually arranged in groups of up to eight. Protomerulius pertusus Malysheva &amp; Spirin has loose, nearly floccose basidiocarps occasionally acquiring gelatinised spots on the hymenial surface only at the very end of their development. The cystidia of P. pertusus are of nearly the same diameter as in P. amiliavi, but its basidiospores are clearly narrower (W = 3.49–4.01).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A2CB0041CBD950CDBFE414E9B5587EDF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
C547F742F3DB5D618131A8C61CCC0C13.text	C547F742F3DB5D618131A8C61CCC0C13.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protomerulius commotus Spirin & V. Malysheva	<div><p>Protomerulius commotus Spirin &amp; V. Malysheva, Mycological Progress 18: 1087, 2019.</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Norway. Vestfold: Larvik, Kvelde, Jordstøyp, Ulmus glabra (rotten log), 15.IX.2016 Spirin 11097 * (O, studied).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, smooth, first pruinose-reticulate, waxy, semitranslucent, greyish, then continuous, gelatinised, greyish or brownish when old or dry, up to 2 cm in widest dimension, 0.05–0.1 mm thick, margin concolourous with hymenium, gradually thinning-out. Hyphal structure monomitic; hyphae clamped, subicular hyphae with a distinct wall, subparallel and densely packed, 1–2.5 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin-walled, interwoven or ascending, 1.5–3 μm in diam., often short-celled, glued together. Tramal cystidia abundant, hyaline or brownish, tubular-clavate, sturdy, arising from thin-walled hyphae, with thickened (up to 3.5 μm) walls gradually thinning-out towards the apical part, the longest cystidia slightly tapering to or widened at the apex (thin-walled apical parts often collapsing), (54 –) 57–149 (– 154) × (4.2 –) 4.6–9.4 (– 11.3) μm (n = 101 / 5), single or more often in groups of 2–8, sometimes biradicate, some cystidia tortuous; hymenial cystidia hyaline, broadly clavate to subglobose, thin- or slightly thick-walled, 10–50 × 4–13.5 μm, scattered among basidia, more rarely associated with tramal cystidia. Hyphidia present, simple or sparsely branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex. Crystals occasionally present on hyphidia and cystidia, acicular or fused in stellate agglomerations. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid to subglobose, pedunculate, (6.8 –) 7.1–9.1 (– 9.4) × (5.9 –) 6.2–7.8 (– 8.2) μm (n = 30 / 3), spaced or partly glued together, stalk distinct, up to 6 × 2.5 μm, sterigmata up to 8 × 2–2.5 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, ellipsoid to broadly cylindrical, more rarely lacrymoid, (4.1 –) 4.4–6.8 (– 7.1) × (3.0 –) 3.2–4.3 (– 4.4) μm (n = 180 / 6), L = 5.24–5.95, W = 3.45–3.85, Q’ = (1.2 –) 1.3–1.7 (– 1.9), Q = 1.47–1.61.</p><p>Distribution and ecology.</p><p>Europe (France, Italy, Norway, Sweden, and Switzerland – basidiocarps on wood; Czech Republic, Estonia, Germany, and United Kingdom – soil sequences); strongly decayed wood of deciduous trees ( Carpinus, Fraxinus, Quercus, and Ulmus).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Protomerulius commotus was described based on two collections from Norway as a close relative of the widely distributed Protomerulius madidus Spirin &amp; K. H. Larss. (Spirin et al. 2019 c). Here we reassess it after investigating newly collected material and detecting one more closely related species, P. deceptorius (described below). Macroscopically, P. commotus differs from the two aforementioned species due to the lack of white mineral inclusions usually detectable without a lens; however, they are present only in mature basidiocarps of those species. Both Protomerulius commotus and P. deceptorius have broadly clavate or bubble-like hymenial cystidia, in addition to tubular thick-walled cystidia of tramal origin. Protomerulius madidus is devoid of hymenial cystidia, and its basidiospores are on average larger than in P. commotus and P. deceptorius (see description in Spirin et al. 2019 c). Differences of P. commotus from P. deceptorius are given under the latter species. Protomerulius commotus seems to be widely distributed in temperate forests of Europe (Fig. 4), but it is most likely overlooked due to its diminutive basidiocarps.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C547F742F3DB5D618131A8C61CCC0C13	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
1A9105D9F5B1581398AD77AFD713199A.text	1A9105D9F5B1581398AD77AFD713199A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protomerulius deceptorius Spirin & Viner 2025	<div><p>Protomerulius deceptorius Spirin &amp; Viner sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 6 H, 11 P</p><p>Holotype.</p><p>Slovenia. Kočevje: Podstenice, Rajhenavski Rog, Fagus sylvatica (rotten decorticated log), 19.VIII.2021 Spirin 14811 * (H, isotype – LJF).</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>Deceptorius (Lat., adj.) – deceptive, in reference to small morphological differences from the closely related species.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Basidiocarps effused, smooth, first pruinose-reticulate, waxy, semitranslucent, greyish, then continuous, gelatinised, up to 1 cm in widest dimension, 0.03–0.07 mm thick, margin concolourous with hymenium, gradually thinning-out; tiny white spots often present in mature basidiocarps, irregularly distributed on hymenial surface. Hyphal structure monomitic; hyphae clamped, subicular hyphae with a distinct wall, subparallel, 2–3 μm in diam., subhymenial hyphae thin-walled or with a distinct wall, interwoven or ascending, 1.5–2.5 μm in diam., glued together. Tramal cystidia abundant, hyaline or brownish, tubular-clavate, usually tapering but sometimes slightly widened at the apex, arising from thin- or moderately thick-walled hyphae, with thickened (up to 3 μm) walls gradually thinning-out towards the apical part (thin-walled apical parts often collapsing), (45 –) 46–124 (– 127) × (5.2 –) 5.3–11.3 (– 11.8) μm (n = 134 / 7), single or in groups of 2–5, occasionally biradicate, sometimes tortuous; hymenial cystidia hyaline, broadly clavate to subglobose, thin-walled, quickly collapsing, 12–26 × 5.2–12.4 μm, scattered among basidia. Hyphidia present, simple or sparsely branched, 1–1.5 μm in diam. at the apex. Crystals occasionally present on hyphidia and cystidia, acicular or fused in stellate agglomerations. Basidia four-celled, longitudinally septate, ovoid-ellipsoid, pedunculate, (6.9 –) 7.0–9.1 (– 9.8) × (6.0 –) 6.1–7.2 (– 7.8) μm (n = 21 / 2), tightly glued together, stalk distinct, up to 4 × 3 μm, sterigmata up to 5 × 1.5–2 μm. Basidiospores smooth, thin-walled, ellipsoid to broadly cylindrical or cylindrical, more rarely lacrymoid, (4.6 –) 4.8–6.8 (– 7.2) × (3.0 –) 3.1–4.7 (– 4.9) μm (n = 210 / 7), L = 5.54–5.94, W = 3.59–4.11, Q’ = (1.2 –) 1.3–1.8 (– 1.9), Q = 1.44–1.63.</p><p>Ecology and distribution. Europe (Slovenia – basidiocarps on wood; Estonia, Georgia, Portugal, and Romania – soil sequences), North America (USA, West Virginia – soil sequence) (see further remarks below); strongly rotten wood of deciduous trees ( Fagus, Salix).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Protomerulius deceptorius is introduced here as a close relative of P. commotus and P. madidus (Figs 1, 4). Morphologically, it is highly similar to P. commotus and differs from it primarily in having shorter tramal and smaller hymenial cystidia. Moreover, basidiospores of P. deceptorius are slightly wider than in P. commotus, although this difference is merely statistical, and the significant part of P. deceptorius specimens have basidiospores of the same size as in P. commotus . Mature basidiocarps of P. deceptorius usually contain white mineral inclusions (Fig. 6); they are absent in all P. commotus specimens studied by us.</p><p>In total, eleven specimens of P. deceptorius are known to us, all collected in Slovenia and all but one derived from rotten wood of Fagus sylvatica . However, DNA sequences obtained from forest soil and root tips indicate that the species seems to be widely distributed in Europe (Fig. 4). GenBank sequence MF 665126 from West Virginia, USA, shows a 1 bp difference in the ITS 2 region versus P. deceptorius from Europe. We consider it as an intraspecific variation and assign this sequence to P. deceptorius . It was obtained from root tips of trees in a montane forest dominated by Fagus grandifolia and Quercus spp. (Nelson 2017). Several other soil sequences from GenBank and UNITE cluster with P. deceptorius, although without statistical support (Fig. 4). These all originated from subtropical and tropical areas (South America, Southeast Asia, and Oceania) and may well represent sister taxa of P. deceptorius . On the other hand, their differences versus P. deceptorius sequences from Europe and North America may reflect genetic variation within one widely distributed species. Some other Protomerulius species with a wide distribution range (e. g., P. brachysporus, P. minor, and P. subreflexus) demonstrate significant ITS variation within one species (Spirin et al. 2019 c). Whatever the case may be, a definite conclusion can be reached only after sequencing the full-length ITS region and, desirably, additional genetic markers from physical P. deceptorius s. lato specimens collected in subtropical and tropical areas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/1A9105D9F5B1581398AD77AFD713199A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
BF1E4600E6EF5302A0DC01278C8F497C.text	BF1E4600E6EF5302A0DC01278C8F497C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Protomerulius Moller	<div><p>Protomerulius Möller, Botanische Mittheilungen aus den Tropen 8: 129, 1895.</p><p>Note.</p><p>For a treatment of this genus, see Spirin et al. (2019 c).</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Protomerulius brasiliensis Möller.</p><p>This genus was recently amended to include half-pileate poroid, effused odontioid, and corticioid taxa possessing stalked basidia and firm hyphae; these hyphae enter into a hymenial layer as thick-walled cystidia in effused species or form an axis of tube dissepiments in poroid species (Spirin et al. 2019 c). Here we describe two more corticioid species from Europe and reassess Protomerulius commotus Spirin &amp; V. Malysheva based on more extensive material.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/BF1E4600E6EF5302A0DC01278C8F497C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Spirin, Viacheslav;Malysheva, Vera;Viner, Ilya;Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes;Grebenc, Tine;Gruhn, Gérald;Savchenko, Anton;Grootmyers, Django;Ryvarden, Leif;Vlasák, Josef;Larsson, Karl-Henrik;Nilsson, R. Henrik	Spirin, Viacheslav, Malysheva, Vera, Viner, Ilya, Alvarenga, Renato Lúcio Mendes, Grebenc, Tine, Gruhn, Gérald, Savchenko, Anton, Grootmyers, Django, Ryvarden, Leif, Vlasák, Josef, Larsson, Karl-Henrik, Nilsson, R. Henrik (2025): Additions to the taxonomy of the Auriculariales (Basidiomycota) with pedunculate basidia. MycoKeys 120: 339-392, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.120.155492
