taxonID	type	description	language	source
5850A41BFF12AE4CF727FA2EFD3093A9.taxon	description	Similar to O. borneensis in the small habit and dark purple petals and labellum but differs in the overlapping lateral sepals supporting the labellum from below while the dorsal sepal arches above it (resulting in claw-like appearance of the flower vs sepals spreading), petals with irregularly serrate margin at apex (vs ± entire) and the curved labellum with prominently undulate margin (vs labellum more or less flat without undulate margin). — Type: A. D. Poulsen, H. B. Mathisen, Vilma B. & Jinaidi L. 2943 (holo SAR; iso E, SING), Malaysia, Sarawak, trail between Kubah National Park and Matang Wildlife Centre, N 1 ° 36 ʹ 46.14 ʺ E 110 ° 10 ʹ 6.7 ʺ, 50 m elevation, 19 Feb. 2014, flowering. Etymology. The epithet refers to the small flowers relative to other species of the genus. Clump-forming herb, up to 0.8 m tall, 7 – 14 leaves per shoot; juvenile plants as well as adult plants with distinctly petiolate leaves; leaves to c. 1.2 m long, petiole 20 – 65 cm, lamina unequal, narrowly elliptic, 23 – 55 × 7 – 11 cm, base asymmetrical, obtuse to attenuate, apex attenuate. Inflorescence on a slender, branched, pale to cream-coloured, burrowing stem with prominent bracts and / or their scars; prophyll triangular, two-keeled, c. 8 mm long; second bract c. 16 mm long, shortly sharply cuspidate; third bract c. 22 mm long, shortly sharply cuspidate; floral bract appearing above the soil or with the proximal part subterranean, pale green, sometimes tinged ± purple towards apex, 35 mm long. Flowers emitting a pungent smell; pedicel c. 7 mm long; ovary extension c. 27 mm long, white to pale greenish; sepals greenish white, narrowly elliptic, shortly sharply cuspidate at apex, glabrous, entire; dorsal sepal c. 23 mm long, c. 7 mm wide; lateral sepals overlapping, often crossing and supporting the labellum, c. 25 mm long, 6 – 7 mm wide; lateral petals overlapping at base covering stamens and style, dark purple, elliptic, 8 – 8.5 mm long, c. 3 mm wide, outer margin undulate at the distal half, irregularly serrate at apex with a prominent mucro to 1 mm long; labellum ovate to elliptic with raised midrib (1 – 1.5 mm wide), c. 23 mm long (incl. the 1 mm long acuminate tip), c. 10 mm wide, dark purple throughout, with the very tip fading to a dirty orange in 2 nd day flowers; sides reticulate with vertical lines much more pronounced, margin prominently undulate distally. Stamens c. 5 mm long; filaments 1.5 – 2 mm long; anther thecae introrse, 3 – 3.5 mm long, longitudinally dehiscent throughout their length. Style c. 3.5 mm long; stigma 3.5 mm long, deeply 3 - lobed, conduplicate, margin irregularly denticulate, median lobe c. 2 mm long; lateral lobes c. 1.5 mm long; viscidium bluntly heart-shaped and extending from the base to about 1 / 3 of the lateral lobe (pronounced in side view); side of the heart-shape 1.5 – 2 mm long. Fruit a 3 - locular, loculicidal capsule, ovoid, narrowing to a beak at apex, bluntly trigonous, c. 40 mm long (incl. the 5 – 8 mm long beak), c. 15 mm diam (young fruit 27 × 10 mm), dark violet to almost black externally, straw-coloured with pink-purple shades internally, dehiscing longitudinally; seeds (from not fully mature fruit) c. 6 × 4 mm, glabrous, ampulliform with a seed coat swelling at base forming a neck that bears 2 – 4 aril threads, aril threads up to 8 – 11 mm long, curled, glabrous. Distribution — So far known only from two locations on the western side of Kubah National Park near Kuching, distanced within one kilometre from each other. Habitat & Ecology — Kerangas forest, flat area near river (Poulsen et al. 2029) and low dipterocarp forest, on sandy soil (Poulsen et al. 2943). Flowering recorded in February and July. Other specimen examined. MALAYSIA, Sarawak, Sungai Rayu, N 1 ° 37 ʹ E 110 ° 10 ʹ, 50 m elevation, 2 July 2003, flowering and fruiting, A. D. Poulsen, Effendy Supot, Jais & Jugah 2029 (AAU, E, L, SAR, Sarawak Biodiversity Centre). Conservation status — Orchidantha micrantha is reported from two populations each of several individuals a few hundred metres apart at the same general habitat within a protected area with no perceived threats. As the number of mature individuals is <1 000, it may be considered ‘ Vulnerable’ (VU) D 1 (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2017). Notes — 1. In Borneo, this species is most similar to O. borneensis due to its small habit, and similarity in size and colour- ing of the flower although the differences in flower structure as outlined in the diagnosis makes the two species unmistakeable. Further differences between the two species, based on examination of the type specimen of O. borneensis which has two well-preserved flowers (Fig. 3) can be outlined as follows: Orchidantha micrantha has petals where the margin at apex is irregularly serrate, an ovate to elliptic labellum c. 23 × 10 mm with a prominent midrib throughout the entire length, and the margin to the stigma is irregularly denticulate whereas O. borneensis in comparison has petals with an entire margin, a linear c. 21 × 3.5 mm labellum where the midrib is only prominent in the lower half, and the stigma margin laciniate. The recently described O. ranchanensis from Sarawak also has spreading sepals and is therefore easy to distinguish from O. micrantha. 2. In continental Asia, the morphologically most similar species would be O. stercorea H. Đ. Tr ần & Škorničk. (colour figure in Tr ần & Leong-Škorničková 2010) and O. laotica K. Larsen (colour figure in Zou et al. 2017). Both species are small and have flowers with a dark labellum in a claw-like arrangement of pale-coloured sepals. Neither of these species has an undulate labellum margin. In addition, O. laotica has lamellate yellow stripes at the base of the labellum, while the flowers of O. stercorea are larger than those of O. micrantha.	en	Poulsen, A. D., Leong-Škorničková, J. (2017): Two new Orchidantha species (Lowiaceae) from Borneo. Blumea 62 (2): 157-162, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2017.62.02.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2017.62.02.08
5850A41BFF16AE4DF47DFCCFFDB19551.taxon	description	Similar to O. holttumii in overall habit, the petiolate leaves, and the claw-like arrangement of the petals, but differing in the larger flowers with slightly unequal sepals (vs equal), dorsal sepal 14 – 15 × 4 – 4.1 cm, lateral sepals 15 – 16 × 3.7 – 3.9 cm (vs c. 9 × 2 cm), labellum 12.5 – 13.5 × c. 4 cm (vs 7 × 2 cm) and purple stigma (vs white). — Type: A. D. Poulsen & Biogo Mutang 2073 (holo SAR; iso AAU, Sarawak Biodiversity Centre, SING), Malaysia, Sarawak, Mulu NP, shortcut trail between the Penan village and Gunung Mulu, N 4 ° 02 ʹ E 114 ° 49 ʹ, 30 m elevation, 17 July 2003, flowering. Etymology. The epithet refers to the large flowers relative to other species of the genus. Robust clump-forming herb, up to 1 m tall, c. 14 – 15 leaves per shoot; juvenile plants as well as adult plants with distinctly petiolate leaves; leaves to 1.3 m long (including petiole), petiole up to 55 cm; lamina unequal, elliptic, to 75 × 15.5 cm, base asymmetrical, attenuate, apex narrowly attenuate. Inflorescence on a slender, branched, pale to cream-coloured, burrowing stem with prominent bracts and / or their scars; prophyll triangular, two-keeled, 22 – 23 mm long, 13 – 14 mm wide at base; second bract 30 – 42 mm long, c. 15 mm wide at base, shortly cuspidate; third bract 45 – 60 mm long, c. 20 mm wide at base, shortly cuspidate; floral bract burrowed in the soil at base, apex appearing above the soil, green with a rich rusty-red tinge apically when exposed above ground, 90 – 130 mm long, c. 32 mm wide. Flower smell not recorded; pedicel c. 30 mm long; ovary extension c. 100 mm long, cream-white at base to green-yellow apically; sepals yellow-green (dorsal sepal with a slight rusty-red tinge particularly towards the sides), narrowly elliptic, cuspidate, glabrous, entire; dorsal sepal 140 – 150 mm long, 40 – 41 mm wide (cusp c. 3 mm); lateral sepals overlapping, often crossing and supporting the labellum, 150 – 160 mm long, 37 – 39 mm wide, cuspidate at apices (cusp c. 5 – 6 mm); lateral petals overlapping at base covering stamens and style, dark purple, irregularly elliptic, cuspidate (cusp 3 – 4 mm, recurved), 40 – 42 mm long, 11 – 12 mm wide, outer margin undulate at the distal half; labellum elliptic with strongly raised midrib (c. 4 mm wide), 125 – 135 mm long (including a 5 – 10 mm long acuminate tip), c. 40 mm wide, dark purple throughout but slightly fading towards apex, sides strongly reticulate with vertical lines more pronounced, sides and margins of labellum undulate and involute distally. Stamens c. 25 mm long; filaments 7 – 8 mm long, 2 mm broad, cream-white with slight purple tinge; anther thecae introrse, 14 – 15 mm long, longitudinally dehiscent throughout the length. Style cream-white, c. 21 mm long; stigma c. 17 mm long, deeply 3 - lobed, dorsal surface and stigma lobes tinged purple, conduplicate, margin membranous, minutely laciniate, median lobe c. 11 mm long; lateral lobes c. 10 mm long; viscidium V-shaped and extending from the base to about half of the lateral lobe (pronounced in side view); side of the V-shape c. 9 mm long. Distribution — So far known only from the type locality. Habitat & Ecology — Growing on a sandy hill c. 300 m from a limestone cliff. Flowering observed in the field in April and July. Conservation status — Orchidantha megalantha is reported from one population on a sandy shallow hill with several individuals within a national park area with no perceived threats. As the number of mature individuals is <1 000, it may be considered ‘ Vulnerable’ (VU) D 1 (IUCN Standards and Petitions Subcommittee 2017). Note — Orchidantha megalantha resembles O. holttumii K. Larsen (Fig. 6) by the height not exceeding 1.5 m and the presence of petiolate leaves in both young and adult individuals. The shape of the flower is also similar; the two lateral sepals overlapping below the labellum and the dorsal sepal arching over it, resulting in claw-like appearance of the flower. The flower of O. megalantha is, however, twice as big as that of O. holttumii, the sepals are bright yellow-green and stigma is purple (compared to pale greenish sepals and white stigma in O. holttumii). So far, all species of Orchidantha are known to be very restricted in their distribution (Sakai & Inoue 1999). The difference in the size and colouration of the flower is likely an adaptation to a specific pollinator, most likely a dung beetle, as previously reported for other species of Bornean Orchidantha (Sakai & Inoue 1999, Pedersen 2001).	en	Poulsen, A. D., Leong-Škorničková, J. (2017): Two new Orchidantha species (Lowiaceae) from Borneo. Blumea 62 (2): 157-162, DOI: 10.3767/blumea.2017.62.02.08, URL: https://doi.org/10.3767/blumea.2017.62.02.08
