identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5E4FA779FFBAA31590FB9DC7FD3EA123.text	5E4FA779FFBAA31590FB9DC7FD3EA123.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chondromorpha greke Gordana & Ambros 2023	<div><p>Chondromorpha greke sp.n.</p><p>Figs 1–9, 58.</p><p>MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE ♂ (presently fragmented) (ZMUM), Nepal, Lumbini Prov., Banke Distr., ca 15 km SEE of Khaskusma, 30 km NW of Lamahi, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=82.233604&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=27.960556" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 82.233604/lat 27.960556)">Kali Khola</a>, N 27°57′38″, E 82°14′1″, 235 m a.s.l., half-dry lowland forest (Fig. 58), 4.VII.2022, K. Greķe &amp; D. Telnov leg.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. At present, five lowland- to foothill-dwelling species of the basically South Asian genus  Chondromorpha Silvestri, 1897, have been recognized:  C. kaimura Turk, 1947 (a cave in Bihar state, northern India),  C. kelaarti (Humbert, 1865) (much of India and Sri Lanka, also introduced to Great Britain),  C. mammifera Attems, 1936 (distributed across much of India),  C. severini Silvestri, 1897 (the type species, also occurring across much of India), and  C. xanthotricha (Attems, 1898) (pantropical) [Silvestri, 1897; Attems, 1936, 1937; Turk, 1947; Sankaran, Sebastian, 2017; Likhitrakarn et al., 2017; Almeida et al., 2022]. The new species differs from congeners by the following combination of characters, these being arranged below in a tabular form (Table).</p><p>NAME. Honours  Kristina Greķe (LNDM), malacologist and one of the collectors who participated in the 2022 trip to Nepal; noun in apposition.</p><p>DESCRIPTION. Length ca 16 mm, width of midbody pro- and metazonae 1.5 and 2.0 mm (♂), respectively. Coloration in alcohol mainly brown, pattern indistinctly cingulate due to darker, brown anterior halves of metaterga and protergal regions adjacent to strictures, vaguely contrasting to lighter greyish or yellowish paraterga, posterior (transparent) halves of metaterga, most parts of proterga, legs, venter and tip of epiproct; tergal setae pallid, while antennae mostly contrasting dark brown (Figs 1–9).</p><p>Body with 20 rings. Entire head very densely setose and microgranulate, vertigial epicranial suture very distinct (Fig. 2). Antennae long, slender and only slightly clavate (Figs 1– 3), extending back until metatergum 4 when stretched dorsally (♂). In length, antennomere 2=3=4=6&gt;5&gt;1=7. Interantennal isthmus only slightly wider than diameter of antennal socket (Fig. 2). Tegument dull, metaterga very densely granulate and setose dorsally, roughly granulate on sides below paraterga, smooth at bottom of strictures between pro- and metazonae, faintly beaded at bottom of transverse metatergal sulci (Figs 1–3). In width, head &lt;collum &lt;ring 2 = 3 &lt;4 &lt;5–16; thereafter body gradually tapering on rings 17–20 (Figs 1–3). Metaterga slightly and regularly convex, paraterga broad, thin, mostly set at about upper 1/3 body, always lying below dorsum and faintly sloping laterad, narrowly bordered, nearly straight both anteriorly and laterally (Figs 1, 2); poreless paraterga only slightly thinner than pore-bearing ones; calluses smooth, thin, slightly sinuate dorsally only before ozopores, delimited by indistinct sulci both dorsally and ventrally; caudal corners of collum acute (Fig. 3), on postcollum paraterga pointed and, starting with ring 5, increasingly produced past rear tergal margin; anterolateral corner of paraterga with a distinct tooth (Figs 1, 2). Ozopores fully lateral, invisible from above, lying at bottom of narrow oblong grooves. Tergal setae short, bacilliform, each borne on a grain, especially well preserved in a row before caudal margin of metaterga. Limbus entire. Transverse metatergal sulci thin, faintly arcuate forward in the middle, almost reaching the bases of paraterga, present on rings 5–18, absent from 19 th. Axial line absent. Pleurosternal carinae low, arcuate and granulate ridges, gradually reduced, but visible on rings 2–7 (♂). Epiproct (Figs 1, 2) flattened dorsoventrally, long, tip slightly concave, apical and lateral pre-apical papillae very small. Hypoproct (Fig. 2) roundly tapeziform, caudal margin with 1+1 setae borne on distinct and round knobs.</p><p>Sterna very densely hirsute, cross-impressions weak, axial ones being particularly weak; sternum between legs 4 with a paramedian pair of small, low, rounded and densely setose globules (♂) (Fig. 2). Legs long, 1.6–1.7x as long as body height (♂), very densely setose, devoid of tarsal and adenostyles (Fig. 4), likely only femora 6 or 7 (all detached, hence unclear which exactly) each with a faint, midway (not parabasal!), very faint, setose, ventral knob (♂). In length, femur = tarsus &gt;&gt; coxa = prefemur = postfemur = tibia (Fig. 4).</p><p>Gonopods (Figs 5–9) in situ lying subparallel to each other. Coxite subcylindrical, sparsely setose on dorsal side; cannula as usual, a short and strongly curved hollow tube. Prefemoral (= densely setose) part (prf) clearly longer than both coxite (cx) and femorite (fe), the latter set off by distinct sulci from both prf and a very short postfemoral part (pf); a strong, curved, subunciform, mesal postfemoral process (pfp) typical of the genus. Seminal groove running entirely on mesal side of fe and pf, and only distomesally on pf moving onto a long, free, flagelliform solenomere (sl), the latter being protected, partly sheathed and supported by a coiled, membranous, similarly long, acuminate and rather simple solenophore (sph).</p><p>REMARK. The new species is a typical member of  Chondromorpha, yet differing clearly from congeners by several characters, both peripheral and gonopodal (Table and Figs 10–19). This is the first formal record of  Chondromorpha from Nepal, although it is rather to be regarded as a tropical Indian faunal element, not a Himalayan one.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E4FA779FFBAA31590FB9DC7FD3EA123	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Golovatch, S. I.	Golovatch, S. I. (2023): On several new or poorly-known Oriental Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida), XXXI. Arthropoda Selecta 32 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.15298/arthsel.32.1.01, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576486
5E4FA779FFBDA31F921F9923FD0BA013.text	5E4FA779FFBDA31F921F9923FD0BA013.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Delarthrum telnovi Gordana & Ambros 2023	<div><p>Delarthrum telnovi sp.n.</p><p>Figs 20–57, 59, 60.</p><p>MATERIAL. HOLOTYPE ♂ (ZMUM), Western Nepal, Karnali Prov., <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.91861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.90639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.91861/lat 29.90639)">Humla Distr.</a>, ca 12–13 km SE of Simikot, N 29º54′23″– 29º54′00″, E 81º55′7″–81º55′11″, 2990–3310 m a.s.l., disturbed mixed forest, 17–18.VI.2022, D. Telnov leg.</p><p>PARATYPES (often fragmented): 3 ♂♂ (ZMUM), same place, together with holotype;  2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ (ZMUM), same province and district, 12–13.5 km SE of Simikot, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.91861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.90639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.91861/lat 29.90639)">Ghatte</a>, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.91861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.90639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.91861/lat 29.90639)">Yanchu Khola to Simikot</a>, N 29°54′23″–29°53′37″, E 81°55′7″–81°55′36″, 2920– 3490 m a.s.l., pasture and disturbed mixed forest, 18.VI.2022;  2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ (LNDM), 1 ♀ (ZMUM), same province and district, 13.5– 13.9 km SE of Simikot (Fig. 59), N 29°53′37″–29°53′16″, E 81° 55′36″–81°55′31″, 3445–3880 m a.s.l., primary montane forest, 19.VI.2022; 1 ♀ (ZMUM), same province and district, 34.5 km SE – 41 km E of Simikot (Fig. 60), N 29°45′10″–29°41′47″, E 82°4′26″–82°6′4″, 1655–3525 m a.s.l., disturbed montane forest, 23.VI. 2022 all D. Telnov leg.;  2 ♂♂ (ZMUM), same province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.91861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.90639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.91861/lat 29.90639)">Mugu Distr.</a>, Rara National Park, 30–31 km NNW of Jumla, N 29º32′43″–29º32′16″, E 82º7′32″–82º4′34″, 3290– 2940 m a.s.l., old-growth montane forest, 28.VI.2022, D. Telnov &amp; K. Greķe leg.;   1 ♂, 1 ♀ (ZMUM), same province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=81.91861&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.90639" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 81.91861/lat 29.90639)">Jumla Distr.</a>, 14 km NE– 9 km NNW of Jumla, N 29°23′43″–29°21′26″, E 82°8′55″–82°9′31″, 2770–3550 m a.s.l., disturbed montane  Quercus forest, 1.VII.2022, D. Telnov leg.</p><p>DIAGNOSIS. Differs from all congeners by the solenophore (sph) being unusually hypertrophied, long and slender, directed and almost fully to fully coiled mesad, bearing a large to very large lateral membranous lobe (lo) near base. It is  D. furcatum (Golovatch, 1996), from the Kathmandu Valley, that seems to be particularly similar to  D. telnovi sp.n., as it shows basically the same gonopodal conformation [Golovatch, 1996, 2014], including a long distofemoral spine and a curved solenophore. Yet  D. furcatum differs readily by the more strongly developed paraterga, the prominent process o on the gonofemorite and, above all, the much shorter solenophore. See also Remarks below.</p><p>NAME. Honours Dmitry Telnov, the main collector.</p><p>DESCRIPTION. Holotype ca 22 mm in length (♂), midbody pro- and metazonae 1.7 and 2.0 mm in width, respectively (♂). Paratypes 18–23 mm long (♂, ♀), 1.7–2.2 and 2.0–2.5 mm (♂) or 1.8–2.7 and 2.0–2.9 mm (♀) wide on midbody pro- and metazonae, respectively.</p><p>Coloration in alcohol usually uniformly dark chocolate brown to brown, only venter and legs lighter brown (sometimes almost contrasting paler), tip of antenna pallid, gonopods yellowish (Figs 20, 21, 28–31, 37–39, 45–47, 51–54).</p><p>Body with 20 rings, ♂ submoniliform. Clypeolabral region of head densely setose, vertigial region with a few setae only; epicranial suture fine, but distinct (Figs 29, 45, 52). Antennae long, slender and only slightly clavate (Figs 20, 21, 28, 29, 37, 45, 51, 52), extending until metatergum 3 (♂) or slightly past metatergum 2 (♀) when stretched dorsally. In length, antennomere 3&gt;2=4=5=6&gt;&gt;1=7. Interantennal isthmus ca 1.5x as wide as diameter of antennal socket (Figs 45, 52). Tegument shining, mostly smooth, in places fainty rugulose dorsally (especially so on rear halves of metaterga), roughly ribbed at bottom of strictures between pro- and metazonae, less strongly beaded at bottom of transverse metatergal sulci, roughly granulate on sides below paraterga (Figs 28, 37, 51). In width, head&gt; collum&gt; rings 6–15&gt; 2 = 5&gt; 3=4; body gradually tapering on rings 16–20 (Fig. 20). Paraterga small, especially poorly developed in ♀ compared to ♂, mostly lying at about upper 1/3 body, narrowly bordered, slightly and regularly rounded laterally, especially so on collum (Figs 20, 21, 28–31, 37–39, 45–47, 51–54), poreless paraterga slightly thinner than pore-bearing ones, calluses smooth, slightly sinuate dorsally only before ozopores, delimited by distinct sulci both dorsally and ventrally; caudal corners of postcollum paraterga narrowly rounded to nearly pointed, at most barely to slightly produced past rear tergal margin (Figs 20, 21, 28–31, 37–39, 45–47, 51–54). Paraterga 2 especiallly low, acutangular and slightly drawn only anteriad, but obtuse, rounded and not produced caudad. Ozopores fully lateral, invisible from above, lying at bottom of narrow oblong grooves. Tergal setae fully abraded, setation pattern vague, but partly traceable as insertion points. Limbus entire. Transverse metatergal sulci clear-cut on rings 5–17, less distinct on ring 18, missing on 19 th. Axial line absent, but occasionally poorly traceable on rear halves of metaterga. Pleurosternal carinae low, largely bimodal and roughly granulated ridges visible on rings 2–7, thereafter retained as barely discernible and increasingly reduced swellings (♂, ♀). Epiproct (Figs 20, 21, 31, 39, 47, 54) long, tip barely concave, lateral pre-apical papillae very small. Hypoproct (Fig. 21) roundly tapeziform, caudal margin with 1+1 setae borne on very distinct and round knobs.</p><p>Sterna very densely hirsute, cross-impressions weak, devoid of modifications other than sternal lobe between legs 4 being high, spatuliform, roundly subtriangular to subtrapeziform, densely setose on both sides (Figs 21, v; 37). Legs long, 1.5–1.7x (♂) or 1.2–1.3x (♀) as long as body height (♂), very densely setose, especially so ventrally, true tibial and tarsal brushes present on all ♂ legs but two last legpairs (Figs 21, 29, 37); adenostyles round, setose, parabasal tubercles present ventrally on ♂ femora 1 (Fig. 21, a). In length, femur&gt; tarsus&gt; coxa = prefemur = postfemur = tibia (Fig. 37).</p><p>Gonopods (Figs 22–27, 32–36, 40–44, 48–50, 55–57) complex, in situ both crossing each other only distomesally. Coxite short, subcylindrical, sparsely setose on ventral side; cannula as usual, a short and strongly curved hollow tube. Prefemoral (= densely setose) part about one-third as long as femorite, usually with a small, but evident lateral parabasal bulge (Fig. 32, p), set off from a very long, slender, erect, sagittally flattened and basically untwisted femorite by a distinct cingulum basally and a similarly distinct, but oblique cingulum apically, a small to only slightly larger, lateral, rounded lobule (o) marking both the apical cingulum and a very long, mesal, slender, straight distofemoral, spiniform process (b); seminal groove running entirely on mesal side of femorite to move onto a long, free, subflagelliform solenomere (sl) near base of b; postfemoral part (= solenophore, sph) strongly elongate, but only a little longer than femorite, more or less clearly curved to coiled, directed mesad, divided at base into a strong, prominent, membranous, lateral, shorter subtriangular and apically pointed to longer subpyriform and rounded lobe (lo) and a slender, ribbon-shaped, main sph branch supporting and concealing sl inside a groove, the latter showing a delicately membranous end.</p><p>REMARKS.  Delarthrum Attems, 1936, as well as the entire tribe  Polydrepanini Jeekel, 1968 this genus belongs to, have recently been reviewed [Golovatch et al., 2021]. The tribe has been shown to comprise seven genera, mostly small and confined to southern India, among which  Delarthrum appears to be especially diverse (55 species, largely Himalayan) and widespread (ranging from the Western Ghats in the south to the Himalayas of Pakistan, Nepal, China / Tibet, and India in the north).</p><p>Based on the slender, long and untwisted gonopodal femorite, the flagelliform to somewhat ribbon-shaped solenomere basally devoid both of a loop/curve and a protecting lobe, as well as a complex, varied and large solenophore often obliquely truncate ventrad or dorsad, all this being characteristic of  Delarthrum [Golovatch et al., 2021],  D. telnovi sp.n. definitely belongs to the very large group of Himalayan species that formerly composed the genus  Orophosoma Jeekel, 1980 [Golovatch, 1996], but is presently distinguished as the hingstoni -group [Golovatch et al., 2021]. The gonofemorite is long and slender, untwisted, truncate apicoventrad, bearing a long, spiniform, ventral, distofemoral process (b) at the base of a long and subflagelliform solenomere (sl), the latter starting opposite an evident, rounded, apicodorsal lobe (o) that marks a distinct postfemoral cingulum. However, the solenophore (sph) in  D. telnovi sp.n. is hypertrophied, unusually long and slender, directed and fully to nearly fully coiled mesad, bearing a conspicuous, large, lateral, membranous lobe (lo) near the sph base.</p><p>As regards morphological structures, both peripheral and gonopodal,  Delarthrum telnovi sp.n. shows unexpectedly considerable variations in body size and in certain minor details of gonopodal conformation. This is to be plotted against the background of a relatively vast geographic distribution that covers parts of as many as three administrative districts (Humla, Mugu and Jumla, all in Karnali Province) in western Nepal, coupled with an unusually wide range of elevations (1655–3880 m a.s.l.). Despite all this, based on the quite uniform and generally stable peripheral and gonopodal structures that seem to reflect individual or populational variations at most, I do not hesitate to formally consider  Delarthrum telnovi sp.n. as a single, albeit rather polymorphous and widespread species. Figures 20–57 are meant to reinforce this conclusion, although it basically contradicts the general assumption that most of the Himalayan  Diplopoda (&gt;270 species) are very narrowly endemic and restricted to very small areas, including altitudinal belts [Golovatch, Martens, 2018]. This holds true for the numerous (53) Himalayan  Delarthrum spp. as well, which appear to range from 600 to 4100 m in elevation, but are largely mid- to highmontane (1400–3000 m a.s.l.) [Golovatch, Martens, 2018].</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5E4FA779FFBDA31F921F9923FD0BA013	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Golovatch, S. I.	Golovatch, S. I. (2023): On several new or poorly-known Oriental Paradoxosomatidae (Diplopoda: Polydesmida), XXXI. Arthropoda Selecta 32 (1): 1-14, DOI: 10.15298/arthsel.32.1.01, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7576486
