identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
0E8F6F238C245C27B1E0BAB94EC7F4ED.text	0E8F6F238C245C27B1E0BAB94EC7F4ED.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllidia fontjei Wägele & Raubold & Papu & Undap & Yonow 2025	<div><p>Phyllidia fontjei sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 1 A – C</p><p>Phyllidia sp.: Eisenbarth et al. 2018: fig. 20 a, b; same specimen (holotype) depicted and described as Phyllidia sp. a in Papu et al. 2022: fig. 6 a (Bunaken Is., Indonesia).</p><p>Phyllidiopsis monacha Yonow: Gosliner et al. 2008: 300, photograph top right (Kepulauan Seribu, Indonesia).</p><p>non Phyllidiopsis monacha Yonow: Gosliner et al. 2008: 300, photograph top left (Eilat, Israel).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype (serially sectioned): • Phsp 17 - Bu 1 [LIBHIS 00004], <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.76762&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.6138889" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.76762/lat 1.6138889)">Panorama</a>, Bunaken Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia [1°36'50"N, 124°46'3.4"E], collected in September 2017 on a sponge at 25.3 m depth, 16 mm in length alive . The only available CO 1 sequence (MZ 964307) is published in Papu et al. (2022 as Phyllidia sp. a).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The single specimen is white with a narrow, granulated, orange mantle margin followed by a wide white band, a narrower black line, and then a white ring that also forms an elevated ridge on its inner margin. The central part is orange and shows a prominent and elevated white central ridge (Fig. 1 A). The holotype also has a black elongate mark in this central white ridge, which is missing in other individuals that were identified from images (see Distribution below). The species is not tuberculate but bears three ridges. Minute granules are present all over the white part of the dorsum. The yellow / orange rhinophores emerge from the inner white ring and bear 12 lamellae on each rhinophoral clavus. Rhinotubercles are absent. The dorsal anus lies near the posterior margin of the central orange part. Ventrally, the foot of Phyllidia fontjei sp. nov. has a white appearance and the oral tentacles are yellow-tipped. The hyponotum is rather transparent, and the dorsal orange and black lines show through (Fig. 1 B), as does a reddish gut content that perhaps comes from the dark orange sponge on which the animal was probably feeding (Fig. 1 C in situ).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Western Pacific Ocean: Indonesia: Bunaken Is., North Sulawesi (Eisenbarth et al. 2018; provided georeference: 1.61389, 124.76761); Timor Leste (https://nudipixel.net/photo/00032422); Lembeh (https://nudipixel.net/photo/00009806); Pulau Seribu (https://nudipixel.net/photo/00005577); Kepulauan Seribu (Gosliner et al. 2008: 300, photograph top right as P. monacha). Malaysia: (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/177306163; provided georeference: 4.24570, 118.63158).</p><p>Indian Ocean: Andaman Sea: Similan Islands, Thailand (https://nudipixel.net/photo/00011938, https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=657059971085019&amp;set=a.219891531468534 [with tubercles]), Surin Islands (https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=591593289670092&amp;set=a.219891531468534 [tiny individual], https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=539864628176292&amp;set=a.219891531468534, https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=539804631515625&amp;set=a.219891531468534), Krabi (https://www.facebook.com/photo/?fbid=3501673139957007&amp;set=a.219891531468534); Andaman and Nicobar (https://nudipixel.net/photo/00039161).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Phyllidia fontjei is most similar to Phyllidia monacha Yonow, 1986 and Phyllidia koehleri Perrone, 2000 . Phyllidia monacha is also a small yellow, black, and white species with ridges formed by minute tubercles on the dorsum. Phyllidia fontjei sp. nov. is illustrated by Gosliner et al. (2008: 300, top right) as Phyllidiopsis monacha . We assume that this individual was erroneously assigned to the genus Phyllidiopsis due to previous (also erroneous) synonymisation with Phyllidiopsis dautzenbergi (Vayssière, 1912) by Brunckhorst (1993); both species are discussed and illustrated by Yonow (2021). Phyllidia monacha has distinct tubercles, which seem to be present (but less pronounced) in images of larger individuals of P. fontjei . Phyllidia monacha has a central black irregular ring, similar to P. fontjei sp. nov.; however, in P. monacha there are black radiating lines extending from this black area towards the mantle margin and separately enclosing the rhinophores, which are each located on an individual white or yellowish patch. In P. fontjei sp. nov. there is only one simple black ring and the rhinophores lie in the yellow band within this black band.</p><p>Phyllidia fontjei sp. nov. is also similar to Phyllidia koehleri, a completely yellow species with a bold black ring encircling the central dorsum that can break up into rays extending to the margin (e. g., Yonow 2012: 61, pl. 65), a median black line dorsally, and minute tubercles forming ridges centrally on the dorsum; however, P. koehleri lacks the white pigmentation present in both P. fontjei sp. nov. and P. monacha . Including a recently published CO 1 sequence of this species (Cunha et al. 2023) in our Phyllidia dataset from Papu et al. (2022) renders this species a sister group to P. fontjei, with both being sister group to P. ocellata .</p><p>These three species are all small compared to many other species that may reach 60 mm and more (Gosliner et al. 2018), and all have restricted distributions: the maximum preserved lengths of P. koehleri and P. monacha are 17 mm and 14 mm, respectively; P. fontjei measured 16 mm alive. The first two species are endemic to the Maldives and the Red Sea, respectively, while P. fontjei is restricted to Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Andaman Sea (see Distribution records listed above). Phyllidia fontjei is distinctive and can be accurately identified from photographs.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>We name this species after our dear colleague Prof. Dr. Fontje Kaligis from Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, who initiated our Indonesian co-operation on describing marine Heterobranchia diversity around North Sulawesi. He passed away in September 2017, too early to see all the publications resulting from the joint collecting efforts. He enabled the extensive biodiversity studies in North Sulawesi and thus greatly extended our understanding of sea slugs in this area.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0E8F6F238C245C27B1E0BAB94EC7F4ED	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wägele, Heike;Raubold, Lina Marie;Papu, Adelfia;Undap, Nani;Yonow, Nathalie	Wägele, Heike, Raubold, Lina Marie, Papu, Adelfia, Undap, Nani, Yonow, Nathalie (2025): On two new Phyllidia species (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Doridina) and some histology from the Coral Triangle. ZooKeys 1245: 1-18, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.153046
F1CC7C9F5DDD5C039CD8F98D777272E2.text	F1CC7C9F5DDD5C039CD8F98D777272E2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phyllidia ovata Wägele & Raubold & Papu & Undap & Yonow 2025	<div><p>Phyllidia ovata sp. nov.</p><p>Fig. 2 A, B</p><p>Phyllidia sp. 9: Gosliner et al. 2015: 282 (Philippines); Papu et al. 2022: fig. 5.4 a (Bunaken Is., Indonesia, same specimen).</p><p>Phyllidia sp.: Stoffels et al. 2016: figs 4, 7 G (Ternate, Indonesia).</p><p>Phyllidia sp. 10: Gosliner et al. 2018: 217 (same individual in Gosliner et al. 2015 as Phyllidia sp. 9).</p><p>Note.</p><p>Kato 2002 (http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/6414), size 50 mm, 30 m depth (Japan).</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype: • Phsp 15 Bu- 1 (MZB. Gst. 25761), <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=124.767975&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=1.6117778" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 124.767975/lat 1.6117778)">Cela Cela</a>, Bunaken Island, North Sulawesi, Indonesia [1°36'42.4"N, 124°46'4.7"E], collected 13 August 2015 at a depth of 16 m, 35 mm in length alive . Available CO 1 (MZ 964198) and 16 S (MZ 955502) sequences are published in Papu et al. (2022 as Phyllidia sp. 9).</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The mantle is elongate oval, white (rarely with a tinge of blue) with a clean-margined oval black area covering the central notum. Anteriorly, this black pigment forms a rounded U-shape around the first midline tubercle placed in front of the rhinophores (Fig. 2 A, B). Large white conical tubercles have yellow apices in the middle three rows and are only present in the black area. The broad white mantle skirt has smaller white tubercles decreasing in size towards the margin. Yellow rhinophores arise from translucent white rhinophoral sheaths that are distinctly raised; a rhinophoral tubercle with a yellow cap is present. The hyponotum is grey to white, and the foot sole has a black line in the mid-line; the top of the foot is white with no markings. The anus opening is placed ventrally, beautifully illustrated by Kato (2002), who also recorded the maximum size of 50 mm.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Western Pacific Ocean: Indonesia: Ternate (Stoffels et al. 2016 as Phyllidia sp.; provided georeference: -0.03108, 127.23383); Bunaken Island, North Sulawesi (Papu et al. 2022 as Phyllidia sp. 9; provided georeference: 1.61178, 124.76798; https://nudipixel.net/photo/00020926); Sulawesi (https://www.ryanphotographic.com/phyllidiidae.htm#picta); Wakatobi (size 49 mm: http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/4130, https://nudipixel.net/photo/00016149); Japan (Kato 2002: size 50 mm, 30 m depth: http://www.seaslugforum.net/find/6414; provided georeference: 33.093833, 139.768195): Taiwan, East China Sea (https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/430366532; provided georeference: 25.117593, 121.925725, https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/134824066; provided georeference: 25.14486, 121.80532); Philippines: (Gosliner et al. 2015: 282 as Phyllidia sp. 9, 80 m depth; Dauin https://nudipixel.net/photo/00023935); Australia: Western Australia (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/110074843; provided georeference: -21.86156, 114.16379), Queensland (https://www.inaturalist.org/observations/189262927; provided georeference: -17.20932, 146.07441).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>This species is so distinctive that the internet photographs listed above can be confidently assigned to P. ovata, first recorded more than 20 years ago. Interestingly, several images were located in files of P. picta Pruvot-Fol, 1957 and P. coelestis in both iNaturalist and NudiPixel. To further confuse matters, Yonow (2011) depicted an animal from Western Australia (Kimberley) as Phyllidia coelestis (dark form) that resembles our new species in external colouration. However, the anus of this Australian specimen opens dorsally and not ventrally, and there is no black line present on the foot. Additionally, this specimen has black blotches within the white area, another feature not observed in the specimens and images of P. ovata sp. nov.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>This species name is the diminutive form of the Latin adjective ovatus, - a, - um (egg-shaped) and refers to both the species’ body form as well as the coloured pattern.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F1CC7C9F5DDD5C039CD8F98D777272E2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Wägele, Heike;Raubold, Lina Marie;Papu, Adelfia;Undap, Nani;Yonow, Nathalie	Wägele, Heike, Raubold, Lina Marie, Papu, Adelfia, Undap, Nani, Yonow, Nathalie (2025): On two new Phyllidia species (Gastropoda, Nudibranchia, Doridina) and some histology from the Coral Triangle. ZooKeys 1245: 1-18, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.153046
