identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
FE33BE0DB1565675982A9C2AFECF4EFF.text	FE33BE0DB1565675982A9C2AFECF4EFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Olios biprocessus Hu, Zhang & Liu 2025	<div><p>Olios biprocessus Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 1, 2, 8</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype male: China • Hunan Province: Changsha City, Yuelu District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=112.94004&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=28.20758" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 112.94004/lat 28.20758)">Xihu Park</a>, under bark, 28.20758°N, 112.94004°E, elevation 30 m, 19 December 2023 as subadult, molted to adult on 18 February 2024, Jiwei Lin leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a combination of the Latin bi (meaning double) and processus (meaning process, projection), referring to the two projections (TAP III, TAP IV) on the embolic base; noun.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The male of Olios biprocessus Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu, sp. nov. resembles that of O. rossettii (Leardi, 1901) (cf. Fig. 1 A – C vs. figs 146, 147 in Jäger 2020) by having two tibial apophyses, and a small U-shaped embolus arising sub-centrally from the tegulum, but can be recognized by: 1) retrolateral tibial apophysis leaf-shaped in retrolateral view, with a serrated retrolateral margin; and 2) tegular apophysis complex, with a sharp projection (TAP I) prolaterally, and two sharp projections (TAP III, TAP IV) on the embolic base (vs. retrolateral tibial apophysis triangular, tegular apophysis long triangular in O. rossettii).</p><p>The male of Olios biprocessus Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu, sp. nov. also resembles that of O. uniprocessus Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu, sp. nov. (cf. Fig. 1 A – C vs. fig. 3 A – C) by having a horn-shaped proximal tibial apophysis, a leaf-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis with a serrated retrolateral margin, sharp TAP I, lamellar TAP II, and a small U-shaped embolus arising sub-centrally from the tegulum, but can be recognized by the tegular apophysis with two sharp projections (TAP III, TAP IV) on the embolic base (vs. one projection (TAP III) in O. uniprocessus Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu, sp. nov.).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 8.5; DS 4.0 long, 4.1 wide; OS 4.6 long, 3.2 wide. Eyes: AME 0.24; ALE 0.19; PME 0.19; PLE 0.20; AME – AME 0.17; AME – ALE 0.17; PME – PME 0.42; PME – PLE 0.31; AME – PME 0.15; ALE – PLE 0.13; CH AME 0.18; CH ALE 0.25. Measurements of palp and legs: Pp: 5.3 (1.5, 0.6, 1.1, -, 2.1); I: 19.8 (5.4, 1.6, 5.2, 6.0, 1.6); II: 20.3 (5.4, 1.9, 6.6, 3.1, 3.3); III: 14.9 (4.7, 1.3, 3.6, 3.6, 1.7); IV: 17.3 (5.3, 1.2, 4.6, 4.9, 1.3). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Spination: Pp: 131, 000, 2000; legs: Fe I – II 223, III 323, IV 321; Pa I – IV 000; Ti I 2124, II 2024, III 2124, IV 1204; Mt I – IV 2024. Cheliceral furrow with 2 anterior and 5 posterior teeth.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 1 A – C): As in diagnosis, ptA arising submedially from Ti, RTA arising distally from Ti. Cymbium almost 1.5 times longer than Ti. TA complicated, with a sharp projection (TAP I) on prolateral margin, a lamellar projection (TAP II) on dorsal TA, and two sharp projections (TAP III, TAP IV) on embolic base. C tiny. E arising sub-centrally from tegulum in 9 - o’clock-position.</p><p>Colouration (Fig. 2 A, B): DS pale yellow, with brown patterns. Sternum light yellow. Legs yellow to light brown, with brown spots. OS dorsally yellow, with yellowish-brown patterns. OS ventrally brownish purple, with four yellow longitudinal lines; anterior part yellow.</p><p>Female: Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Hunan Province) (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE33BE0DB1565675982A9C2AFECF4EFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, He;Niu, Weitao;Liu, Jie;Wang, Caijun;Hu, Changhao	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
A18223F23165533AAF95F47F6A4C9CAF.text	A18223F23165533AAF95F47F6A4C9CAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Olios lincangensis Hu, Zhang & Liu 2025	<div><p>Olios lincangensis Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 5, 6, 7, 8</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype male: China • Yunnan Province: Lincang City, Yongde County, Daxueshan Yi, Lahu, Dai Township, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=99.64802&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=24.1147" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 99.64802/lat 24.1147)">Daxueshan Mountain</a>, 24.11470°N, 99.64802°E, elevation 3428 m, 13 November 2021, Huachang Li leg. Paratype: 1 female, with same data as for holotype .</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is derived from the type locality: Lincang City; adjective.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The male of Olios lincangensis Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu, sp. nov. resembles that of O. feldmanni Strand, 1915 (cf. Fig. 5 A – C vs. figs 294–295 in Jäger 2020) by having a spike-like dorsal part of retrolateral tibial apophysis, complex ventral part of the retrolateral tibial apophysis, well-developed conductor arising sub-centrally from the tegulum in an 11 - o’clock-position, and an embolus arising from the tegulum in a 6 - o’clock-position, but can be recognized by: 1) main part of ventral part of retrolateral tibial apophysis irregularly thick forked, 2) tegulum with a small nipple-shaped tegular apophysis, and 3) conductor with two apophyses (see arrows in Fig. 5 A) (vs. main part of ventral part of retrolateral tibial apophysis clavate, tegular apophysis absent, conductor without apophysis in O. feldmanni).</p><p>The female of Olios lincangensis Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu, sp. nov. resembles that of O. croseiceps (Pocock, 1898) (cf. Fig. 6 A – D vs. figs 236–240 in Jäger 2020) by having an ungulate-shaped epigynal field, medially located copulatory ducts and large spermathecae, but can be recognized by the fertilization ducts laterally located, the distance between the basal fertilization ducts almost equal to the width of the epigynal field (vs. fertilization ducts medially located, the distance between basal fertilization ducts almost 1 / 3 of the width of the epigynal field in O. croseiceps).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 12.5; DS 5.7 long, 5.8 wide; OS 7.1 long, 5.0 wide. Eyes: AME 0.31; ALE 0.33; PME 0.21; PLE 0.35; AME – AME 0.24; AME – ALE 0.29; PME – PME 0.54; PME – PLE 0.49; AME – PME 0.28; ALE – PLE 0.24; CH AME 0.17; CH ALE 0.22. Measurements of palp and legs [I: missing]: Pp: 8.5 (2.6, 0.9, 1.4, -, 3.6); II: 28.0 (7.8, 2.2, 8.1, 7.7, 2.2); III: 21.3 (6.6, 2.0, 5.7, 5.2, 1.8); IV: 23.6 (7.1, 2.0, 6.4, 6.3, 1.8). Spination: Pp: 131, 000, 0001; legs: Fe II – IV 323; Pa II – IV 000; Ti II – IV 2124; Mt II – III 2024, IV 3025. Cheliceral furrow with 2 anterior and 5 posterior teeth.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 5 A – C): As in diagnosis. Ti short, length of Ti almost 1 / 3 of cymbium. RTA well developed, vRTA with three apices in retrolateral view (see arrows in Fig. 5 C). Tegulum with a small nipple-shaped TA. C tubular, with two aphophyses on prolateral part (see arrows in Fig. 5 A). E thick and filiform.</p><p>Colouration (Fig. 7 A, B): DS and sternum orange. Legs yellow to orange. OS dorsally yellow, with some brown marks, ventrally brown, with two yellow longitudinal lines.</p><p>Female (paratype): Total length 14.1; DS 6.1 long, 6.7 wide; OS 8.3 long, 5.0 wide. Eyes: AME 0.35; ALE 0.32; PME 0.17; PLE 0.29; AME – AME 0.34; AME – ALE 0.29; PME – PME 0.67; PME – PLE 0.65; AME – PME 0.38; ALE – PLE 0.30; CH AME 0.14; CH ALE 0.23. Measurements of palp and legs: Pp: 7.4 (2.2, 0.9, 1.5, -, 2.8); I: 23.5 (6.8, 2.3, 6.2, 6.2, 2.0); II: 25.9 (7.7, 2.4, 7.0, 6.8, 2.0); III: 18.7 (5.9, 1.8, 4.9, 4.4, 1.7); IV: 20.2 (6.1, 1.7, 5.3, 5.2, 1.9). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Spination: Pp: 131, 020, 1111, 1012; legs: Fe I 223, II – III 323, IV 321; Pa I – IV 000; Ti I – III 2024, IV 2004; Mt I – III 2024, IV 3034. Cheliceral furrow with 2 anterior and 5 posterior teeth.</p><p>Epigyne (Fig. 6 A – D): As in diagnosis. Epigynal field rounded rectangular, longer than wide. Length of ES almost 2 / 3 of the length of epigynal field. Internal duct system obviously sclerotized. Length of CD almost half of the length of S. S large, with rough anterior part. FD long and narrow.</p><p>Colouration (Fig. 7 C – D): As in male, but generally darker.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Yunnan Province) (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/A18223F23165533AAF95F47F6A4C9CAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, He;Niu, Weitao;Liu, Jie;Wang, Caijun;Hu, Changhao	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
4F1D16F8C76254A0B67B763E482E838E.text	4F1D16F8C76254A0B67B763E482E838E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Olios uniprocessus Hu, Zhang & Liu 2025	<div><p>Olios uniprocessus Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu sp. nov.</p><p>Figs 3, 4, 8</p><p>Type material.</p><p>Holotype male: China • Chongqing Municipality: Beibei District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=106.42972&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=29.82852" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 106.42972/lat 29.82852)">Southwest University</a>, next to the international student apartment, 29.82852°N, 106.42972°E, elevation 253 m, 30 June 2015, Mingxin Liu leg.</p><p>Etymology.</p><p>The specific name is a combination of the Latin uni (meaning single) and processus (meaning process, projection), referring to the single projection (TAP III) on the embolic base, noun.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>The male of Olios uniprocessus Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu, sp. nov. resembles that of O. rossettii (Leardi, 1901) (cf. Fig. 3 A – C vs. figs 146–147 in Jäger 2020) by having two tibial apophyses, and small U-shaped embolus arising sub-centrally from the tegulum, but can be recognized by: 1) retrolateral tibial apophysis leaf-shaped in retrolateral view, with a serrated retrolateral margin; and 2) tegular apophysis complex, with a sharp projection (TAP I) prolaterally and a sharp projection (TAP III) on the embolic base (vs. retrolateral tibial apophysis triangular, tegular apophysis long triangular in O. rossettii).</p><p>Description.</p><p>Male (holotype): Total length 9.0; DS 4.3 long, 4.2 wide; OS 4.8 long, 3.1 wide. Eyes: AME 0.31; ALE 0.22; PME 0.20; PLE 0.23; AME – AME 0.17; AME – ALE 0.06; PME – PME 0.31; PME – PLE 0.28; AME – PME 0.19; ALE – PLE 0.09; CH AME 0.17; CH ALE 0.21. Measurements of palp and legs: Pp: 5.4 (1.7, 0.5, 1.2, -, 2.0); I: 23.0 (6.2, 2.1, 6.5, 6.4, 1.8); II: 26.4 (7.4, 2.0, 7.8, 7.3, 1.9); III: 17.8 (5.3, 1.7, 4.8, 4.5, 1.5); IV: 19.9 (5.9, 1.6, 5.3, 5.6, 1.5). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Spination: Pp: 131, 000, 3000; legs: Fe I 223, II – III 323, IV 220; Pa I – IV 000; Ti I 2134, II – III 2124, IV 2014; Mt I – III 2024, IV 3034. Cheliceral furrow with 2 anterior and 5 posterior teeth.</p><p>Palp (Fig. 3 A – C): As in diagnosis, ptA arising submedially from Ti, RTA arising distally from Ti. Cymbium almost 1.5 times longer than Ti. TA complicated, with a sharp projection (TAP I) on prolateral margin, a lamellar projection (TAP II) on dorsal TA, and a sharp projection (TAP III) on embolic base. C tiny. E arising sub-centrally from tegulum in 10 - o’clock-position.</p><p>Colouration (Fig. 4 A, B): DS orange, with thick hairs. Sternum and legs yellow. OS light yellow, dorsal with several brown marks.</p><p>Female: Unknown.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>China (Chongqing Municipality) (Fig. 8).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F1D16F8C76254A0B67B763E482E838E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, He;Niu, Weitao;Liu, Jie;Wang, Caijun;Hu, Changhao	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
0046FFC53C5C58BDA5C37174BCF5CABE.text	0046FFC53C5C58BDA5C37174BCF5CABE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Olios Walckenaer 1837	<div><p>Genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837</p><p>Type species.</p><p>Olios argelasius (Walckenaer, 1806) .</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>See Jäger (2020).</p><p>Olios rossettii - group</p><p>Diagnosis. See Jäger (2020).</p><p>Species included. Olios baulnyi (Simon, 1874), O. bhattacharjeei (Saha &amp; Raychaudhuri, 2007), O. biprocessus Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu, sp. nov., O. brachycephalus Lawrence, 1938, O. floweri Lessert, 1921, O. jaldaparaensis Saha &amp; Raychaudhuri, 2007, O. japonicus Jäger &amp; Ono, 2000, O. kiranae Sethi &amp; Tikader, 1988, O. kolosvaryi (Caporiacco, 1947), O. longipes (Simon, 1884), O. lutescens (Thorell, 1894), O. mahabangkawitus Barrion &amp; Litsinger, 1995, O. obesulus (Pocock, 1901), O. rossettii (Leardi, 1901), O. rotundiceps (Pocock, 1901), O. sericeus (Kroneberg, 1875), O. sherwoodi Lessert, 1929, O. suavis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876), O. tarandus (Simon, 1897), O. tener (Thorell, 1891), O. tiantongensis (Zhang &amp; Kim, 1996), O. uniprocessus Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu, sp. nov.</p><p>Remarks. This species-group is characterized by the presence of one or two apophyses on palpal tibia, a variable tegular apophysis, and a small U-shaped embolus arising from the tegulum at the central to sub-central position (Jäger 2020). The two newly described species, Olios biprocessus Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu, sp. nov. and O. uniprocessus Hu, Zhang &amp; Liu, sp. nov., exhibit all the diagnostic characteristics of this species-group. Therefore, they clearly belong to this species-group.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0046FFC53C5C58BDA5C37174BCF5CABE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Zhang, He;Niu, Weitao;Liu, Jie;Wang, Caijun;Hu, Changhao	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
