taxonID	type	description	language	source
FE33BE0DB1565675982A9C2AFECF4EFF.taxon	description	Figs 1, 2, 8	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
FE33BE0DB1565675982A9C2AFECF4EFF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a combination of the Latin bi (meaning double) and processus (meaning process, projection), referring to the two projections (TAP III, TAP IV) on the embolic base; noun.	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
FE33BE0DB1565675982A9C2AFECF4EFF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Olios biprocessus Hu, Zhang & Liu, sp. nov. resembles that of O. rossettii (Leardi, 1901) (cf. Fig. 1 A – C vs. figs 146, 147 in Jäger 2020) by having two tibial apophyses, and a small U-shaped embolus arising sub-centrally from the tegulum, but can be recognized by: 1) retrolateral tibial apophysis leaf-shaped in retrolateral view, with a serrated retrolateral margin; and 2) tegular apophysis complex, with a sharp projection (TAP I) prolaterally, and two sharp projections (TAP III, TAP IV) on the embolic base (vs. retrolateral tibial apophysis triangular, tegular apophysis long triangular in O. rossettii). The male of Olios biprocessus Hu, Zhang & Liu, sp. nov. also resembles that of O. uniprocessus Hu, Zhang & Liu, sp. nov. (cf. Fig. 1 A – C vs. fig. 3 A – C) by having a horn-shaped proximal tibial apophysis, a leaf-shaped retrolateral tibial apophysis with a serrated retrolateral margin, sharp TAP I, lamellar TAP II, and a small U-shaped embolus arising sub-centrally from the tegulum, but can be recognized by the tegular apophysis with two sharp projections (TAP III, TAP IV) on the embolic base (vs. one projection (TAP III) in O. uniprocessus Hu, Zhang & Liu, sp. nov.).	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
FE33BE0DB1565675982A9C2AFECF4EFF.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype): Total length 8.5; DS 4.0 long, 4.1 wide; OS 4.6 long, 3.2 wide. Eyes: AME 0.24; ALE 0.19; PME 0.19; PLE 0.20; AME – AME 0.17; AME – ALE 0.17; PME – PME 0.42; PME – PLE 0.31; AME – PME 0.15; ALE – PLE 0.13; CH AME 0.18; CH ALE 0.25. Measurements of palp and legs: Pp: 5.3 (1.5, 0.6, 1.1, -, 2.1); I: 19.8 (5.4, 1.6, 5.2, 6.0, 1.6); II: 20.3 (5.4, 1.9, 6.6, 3.1, 3.3); III: 14.9 (4.7, 1.3, 3.6, 3.6, 1.7); IV: 17.3 (5.3, 1.2, 4.6, 4.9, 1.3). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Spination: Pp: 131, 000, 2000; legs: Fe I – II 223, III 323, IV 321; Pa I – IV 000; Ti I 2124, II 2024, III 2124, IV 1204; Mt I – IV 2024. Cheliceral furrow with 2 anterior and 5 posterior teeth. Palp (Fig. 1 A – C): As in diagnosis, ptA arising submedially from Ti, RTA arising distally from Ti. Cymbium almost 1.5 times longer than Ti. TA complicated, with a sharp projection (TAP I) on prolateral margin, a lamellar projection (TAP II) on dorsal TA, and two sharp projections (TAP III, TAP IV) on embolic base. C tiny. E arising sub-centrally from tegulum in 9 - o’clock-position. Colouration (Fig. 2 A, B): DS pale yellow, with brown patterns. Sternum light yellow. Legs yellow to light brown, with brown spots. OS dorsally yellow, with yellowish-brown patterns. OS ventrally brownish purple, with four yellow longitudinal lines; anterior part yellow. Female: Unknown.	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
FE33BE0DB1565675982A9C2AFECF4EFF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Hunan Province) (Fig. 8).	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
A18223F23165533AAF95F47F6A4C9CAF.taxon	description	Figs 5, 6, 7, 8	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
A18223F23165533AAF95F47F6A4C9CAF.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is derived from the type locality: Lincang City; adjective.	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
A18223F23165533AAF95F47F6A4C9CAF.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Olios lincangensis Hu, Zhang & Liu, sp. nov. resembles that of O. feldmanni Strand, 1915 (cf. Fig. 5 A – C vs. figs 294 – 295 in Jäger 2020) by having a spike-like dorsal part of retrolateral tibial apophysis, complex ventral part of the retrolateral tibial apophysis, well-developed conductor arising sub-centrally from the tegulum in an 11 - o’clock-position, and an embolus arising from the tegulum in a 6 - o’clock-position, but can be recognized by: 1) main part of ventral part of retrolateral tibial apophysis irregularly thick forked, 2) tegulum with a small nipple-shaped tegular apophysis, and 3) conductor with two apophyses (see arrows in Fig. 5 A) (vs. main part of ventral part of retrolateral tibial apophysis clavate, tegular apophysis absent, conductor without apophysis in O. feldmanni). The female of Olios lincangensis Hu, Zhang & Liu, sp. nov. resembles that of O. croseiceps (Pocock, 1898) (cf. Fig. 6 A – D vs. figs 236 – 240 in Jäger 2020) by having an ungulate-shaped epigynal field, medially located copulatory ducts and large spermathecae, but can be recognized by the fertilization ducts laterally located, the distance between the basal fertilization ducts almost equal to the width of the epigynal field (vs. fertilization ducts medially located, the distance between basal fertilization ducts almost 1 / 3 of the width of the epigynal field in O. croseiceps).	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
A18223F23165533AAF95F47F6A4C9CAF.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype): Total length 12.5; DS 5.7 long, 5.8 wide; OS 7.1 long, 5.0 wide. Eyes: AME 0.31; ALE 0.33; PME 0.21; PLE 0.35; AME – AME 0.24; AME – ALE 0.29; PME – PME 0.54; PME – PLE 0.49; AME – PME 0.28; ALE – PLE 0.24; CH AME 0.17; CH ALE 0.22. Measurements of palp and legs [I: missing]: Pp: 8.5 (2.6, 0.9, 1.4, -, 3.6); II: 28.0 (7.8, 2.2, 8.1, 7.7, 2.2); III: 21.3 (6.6, 2.0, 5.7, 5.2, 1.8); IV: 23.6 (7.1, 2.0, 6.4, 6.3, 1.8). Spination: Pp: 131, 000, 0001; legs: Fe II – IV 323; Pa II – IV 000; Ti II – IV 2124; Mt II – III 2024, IV 3025. Cheliceral furrow with 2 anterior and 5 posterior teeth. Palp (Fig. 5 A – C): As in diagnosis. Ti short, length of Ti almost 1 / 3 of cymbium. RTA well developed, vRTA with three apices in retrolateral view (see arrows in Fig. 5 C). Tegulum with a small nipple-shaped TA. C tubular, with two aphophyses on prolateral part (see arrows in Fig. 5 A). E thick and filiform. Colouration (Fig. 7 A, B): DS and sternum orange. Legs yellow to orange. OS dorsally yellow, with some brown marks, ventrally brown, with two yellow longitudinal lines. Female (paratype): Total length 14.1; DS 6.1 long, 6.7 wide; OS 8.3 long, 5.0 wide. Eyes: AME 0.35; ALE 0.32; PME 0.17; PLE 0.29; AME – AME 0.34; AME – ALE 0.29; PME – PME 0.67; PME – PLE 0.65; AME – PME 0.38; ALE – PLE 0.30; CH AME 0.14; CH ALE 0.23. Measurements of palp and legs: Pp: 7.4 (2.2, 0.9, 1.5, -, 2.8); I: 23.5 (6.8, 2.3, 6.2, 6.2, 2.0); II: 25.9 (7.7, 2.4, 7.0, 6.8, 2.0); III: 18.7 (5.9, 1.8, 4.9, 4.4, 1.7); IV: 20.2 (6.1, 1.7, 5.3, 5.2, 1.9). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Spination: Pp: 131, 020, 1111, 1012; legs: Fe I 223, II – III 323, IV 321; Pa I – IV 000; Ti I – III 2024, IV 2004; Mt I – III 2024, IV 3034. Cheliceral furrow with 2 anterior and 5 posterior teeth. Epigyne (Fig. 6 A – D): As in diagnosis. Epigynal field rounded rectangular, longer than wide. Length of ES almost 2 / 3 of the length of epigynal field. Internal duct system obviously sclerotized. Length of CD almost half of the length of S. S large, with rough anterior part. FD long and narrow. Colouration (Fig. 7 C – D): As in male, but generally darker.	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
A18223F23165533AAF95F47F6A4C9CAF.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Yunnan Province) (Fig. 8).	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
4F1D16F8C76254A0B67B763E482E838E.taxon	description	Figs 3, 4, 8	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
4F1D16F8C76254A0B67B763E482E838E.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name is a combination of the Latin uni (meaning single) and processus (meaning process, projection), referring to the single projection (TAP III) on the embolic base, noun.	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
4F1D16F8C76254A0B67B763E482E838E.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. The male of Olios uniprocessus Hu, Zhang & Liu, sp. nov. resembles that of O. rossettii (Leardi, 1901) (cf. Fig. 3 A – C vs. figs 146 – 147 in Jäger 2020) by having two tibial apophyses, and small U-shaped embolus arising sub-centrally from the tegulum, but can be recognized by: 1) retrolateral tibial apophysis leaf-shaped in retrolateral view, with a serrated retrolateral margin; and 2) tegular apophysis complex, with a sharp projection (TAP I) prolaterally and a sharp projection (TAP III) on the embolic base (vs. retrolateral tibial apophysis triangular, tegular apophysis long triangular in O. rossettii).	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
4F1D16F8C76254A0B67B763E482E838E.taxon	description	Description. Male (holotype): Total length 9.0; DS 4.3 long, 4.2 wide; OS 4.8 long, 3.1 wide. Eyes: AME 0.31; ALE 0.22; PME 0.20; PLE 0.23; AME – AME 0.17; AME – ALE 0.06; PME – PME 0.31; PME – PLE 0.28; AME – PME 0.19; ALE – PLE 0.09; CH AME 0.17; CH ALE 0.21. Measurements of palp and legs: Pp: 5.4 (1.7, 0.5, 1.2, -, 2.0); I: 23.0 (6.2, 2.1, 6.5, 6.4, 1.8); II: 26.4 (7.4, 2.0, 7.8, 7.3, 1.9); III: 17.8 (5.3, 1.7, 4.8, 4.5, 1.5); IV: 19.9 (5.9, 1.6, 5.3, 5.6, 1.5). Leg formula: II-I-IV-III. Spination: Pp: 131, 000, 3000; legs: Fe I 223, II – III 323, IV 220; Pa I – IV 000; Ti I 2134, II – III 2124, IV 2014; Mt I – III 2024, IV 3034. Cheliceral furrow with 2 anterior and 5 posterior teeth. Palp (Fig. 3 A – C): As in diagnosis, ptA arising submedially from Ti, RTA arising distally from Ti. Cymbium almost 1.5 times longer than Ti. TA complicated, with a sharp projection (TAP I) on prolateral margin, a lamellar projection (TAP II) on dorsal TA, and a sharp projection (TAP III) on embolic base. C tiny. E arising sub-centrally from tegulum in 10 - o’clock-position. Colouration (Fig. 4 A, B): DS orange, with thick hairs. Sternum and legs yellow. OS light yellow, dorsal with several brown marks. Female: Unknown.	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
4F1D16F8C76254A0B67B763E482E838E.taxon	distribution	Distribution. China (Chongqing Municipality) (Fig. 8).	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
0046FFC53C5C58BDA5C37174BCF5CABE.taxon	type_taxon	Type species. Olios argelasius (Walckenaer, 1806).	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
0046FFC53C5C58BDA5C37174BCF5CABE.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. See Jäger (2020). Olios rossettii - group Diagnosis. See Jäger (2020). Species included. Olios baulnyi (Simon, 1874), O. bhattacharjeei (Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2007), O. biprocessus Hu, Zhang & Liu, sp. nov., O. brachycephalus Lawrence, 1938, O. floweri Lessert, 1921, O. jaldaparaensis Saha & Raychaudhuri, 2007, O. japonicus Jäger & Ono, 2000, O. kiranae Sethi & Tikader, 1988, O. kolosvaryi (Caporiacco, 1947), O. longipes (Simon, 1884), O. lutescens (Thorell, 1894), O. mahabangkawitus Barrion & Litsinger, 1995, O. obesulus (Pocock, 1901), O. rossettii (Leardi, 1901), O. rotundiceps (Pocock, 1901), O. sericeus (Kroneberg, 1875), O. sherwoodi Lessert, 1929, O. suavis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1876), O. tarandus (Simon, 1897), O. tener (Thorell, 1891), O. tiantongensis (Zhang & Kim, 1996), O. uniprocessus Hu, Zhang & Liu, sp. nov. Remarks. This species-group is characterized by the presence of one or two apophyses on palpal tibia, a variable tegular apophysis, and a small U-shaped embolus arising from the tegulum at the central to sub-central position (Jäger 2020). The two newly described species, Olios biprocessus Hu, Zhang & Liu, sp. nov. and O. uniprocessus Hu, Zhang & Liu, sp. nov., exhibit all the diagnostic characteristics of this species-group. Therefore, they clearly belong to this species-group.	en	Zhang, He, Niu, Weitao, Liu, Jie, Wang, Caijun, Hu, Changhao (2025): Three new species of the genus Olios Walckenaer, 1837 (Araneae, Sparassidae) from southern China. ZooKeys 1245: 343-356, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1245.144552
