identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
700687A3796C2702FF458E4B9C1DFD94.text	700687A3796C2702FF458E4B9C1DFD94.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Molorchus (Caenoptera) minor (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Molorchus (Caenoptera) minor (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 2, 3A)</p>
            <p> New continental records.   USA: MA: Worcester Co.,  Worcester , Hope Cemetery, 42.23582°, −71.82453°, 1 Jun 2022, N Keleher, multiple funnel trap, exotic Ips lure (3♂ 1♀, DFOC)  ;   Same locality, 7 Sep 2022 – 12 May 2023, MJ </p>
            <p>  Bohne, emergence chamber, ex  Picea abies , dead branches, (1♂, DFOC)  ;  Same locality, 30 May 2023, F Hubacz, multiple funnel trap, exotic Ips lure (1♂, UNHC) . </p>
            <p> Diagnosis.  Molorchus minor may be distinguished from the sole eastern North American member of the genus by the presence of a narrow, oblique, ivory colored, raised fascia on each elytron (Fig. 2).  Molorchus bimaculatus Say usually have bicolored elytra, but the maculae are not raised, narrow and oblique. The California endemic  M. eburneus is very closely related to  M. minor , both sharing the oblique raised fasciae, and similar host preferences. They may be distinguished by differences in the shape, setation, and arrangement of calluses of the pronotum as described in the key below. Males of  M. minor may be easily distinguished from females by the number of antennal segments (12 in male, 11 in female). </p>
            <p>Biology. Duffy (1953) describes the larval biology in detail. A preference for twigs and branches has been observed. Eggs are oviposited in recently cut or damaged branches, and, seldomly, in exposed roots and boles. Galleries are predominantly subcortical and larvae subsequently bore into the outer sapwood where pupation occurs. Adults eclose in late summer but remain in their pupal cells until the following spring. The life cycle is two years.</p>
            <p> Hosts.  Molorchus minor is polyphagous in conifers and is known to infest  Pinus ,  Picea, Abies ,  Larix , and  Pseudotsuga (Bense 1995; Bringmann 2001). Reports of larval development in  Cupressus and  Betula are most likely erroneous (Vitali 2018). Duffy (1946) reported  M. minor in  Betula based on his own field observations and breeding experiments. Anisimov and Bezborodov (2021) reported larval development of  M. minor in  Juglans ,  Carpinus ,  Ulmus ,  Crataegus , and  Frangula , however specimen records or references were not provided. It is likely these were taken from the Titan database (Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2018) which, although listed under larval host, are probably referring to records of adults on flowers of these hardwood genera, or are misidentifications. Sama (1988) concluded that records of  M. minor from broadleaf host trees are likely erroneous and should refer to other species. Softwood species records in literature include  Picea abies (Doychev et al. 2009) ,  Picea pungens Engelm. (Doychev and Georgiev 2004) ,  Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr. (Bringmann 2001) ,  Pinus strobus L. (Szczepański et al. 2022),  Pinus sylvestris L. (Starzyk et al. 2008),  Pinus nigra J.F.Arnold (Kovács and Hegyessy 1995) ,  Abies alba Mill. (Pfeffer and Zumr 1983) ,  Larix decidua Mill. (Kovács et al. 2000) and  Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirbel) Franco (Bringmann 2001) . Additionally, the Titan database (Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2018) adds the following host species without specimen records or references:  Abies cephalonica Loudon ,  Abies cilicica (Antoine &amp; Kotschy) Carrière ,  Abies sachalinensis F.Schmidt ,  Picea jezoensis (Siebold &amp; Zucc.) Carr. , and  Picea orientalis (L.) Link. Adults are often found feeding and copulating on flowers of various plants including  Crataegus and the family  Apiaceae (Bílý and Mehl 1989) . </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/700687A3796C2702FF458E4B9C1DFD94	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bohne, Marc F. DiGirolomo Michael J.	Bohne, Marc F. DiGirolomo Michael J. (2024): First record of Molorchus minor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in North America. Insecta Mundi 2024 (78): 1-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662690
700687A3796E2702FF458D599BA2FB68.text	700687A3796E2702FF458D599BA2FB68.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Molorchus	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Key to North American species of  Molorchus (Modified from Linsley 1931, 1963) </p>
            <p>1. Pronotum entirely punctate, lacking smooth raised callused areas; elytra without oblique, white, elevated fasciae; antennae with fourth segment as long as third, much shorter than fifth segment........ 2</p>
            <p>— Pronotum with lateral and central raised longitudinal callused areas; elytra with oblique, elevated, ivorywhite fasciae; antennae with fourth segment shorter than third, slightly shorter than fifth segment 3</p>
            <p> 2(1). Elytra concolorous, testaceous or rufotestaceous; pronotum usually distinctly longer than broad with sides much narrower than base of elytra; length, 5–8 mm ................  M. longicollis LeConte</p>
            <p> — Elytra rarely black or reddish, usually bicolored with base, apex, and lateral margin black; pronotum usually slightly longer than broad with the sides as wide or nearly as wide as base of elytra; length, 4–11.5 mm  M. bimaculatus Say</p>
            <p> 3(1). Lateral pronotal calluses narrower, sub-parallel (Fig. 3A); bands of light-colored setae at anterior and posterior margins of pronotum shorter, finer, more dense and conspicuous; pronotum length to width ratio slightly larger (PL/PW = 1.37); length, 6–16 mm ..............  M. minor (Linnaeus)</p>
            <p> — Lateral pronotal calluses wider, distinctly arcuate (Fig. 3B); bands of light-colored setae at anterior and posterior margins of pronotum sparse, not conspicuous; pronotum length to width ratio slightly smaller (PL/PW = 1.24); length, 8.5– 11 mm .............................  M. eburneus Linsley</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/700687A3796E2702FF458D599BA2FB68	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Bohne, Marc F. DiGirolomo Michael J.	Bohne, Marc F. DiGirolomo Michael J. (2024): First record of Molorchus minor (Linnaeus, 1758) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in North America. Insecta Mundi 2024 (78): 1-7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.14662690
