identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
753087BE1549FFDC6AFBFB032CB3F858.text	753087BE1549FFDC6AFBFB032CB3F858.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thalamoporella annmargretae Martha & Scholz 2025	<div><p>Thalamoporella annmargretae nom. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2EA86352-576E-4056-B4FF-13D4EF9FDAA8</p><p>(Fig. 2.1–6)</p><p>Thalamoporella arabiensis Amui &amp; Kaselowsky, 2006: 18, figs 23, 24.</p><p>Non Thalamoporella arabiensis Guha &amp; Gopikrishna, 2004: 18, figs 13–15; Sonar et al. 2022: 258, fig. 7A–C.</p><p>Material examined. Lectotype (here designated): SMF 1900 (St. 236 KD; Fig. 2.2) . Paralectotype: SMF 1900 (St. 236 KD; Fig. 2.6, and three other specimens of syntype series) . Paratypes: SMF 1815 (St. 236 KD; Fig. 2.1, 2.3–5), SMF 1867 (St. 236 KD), SMF 1901 (St. 236 KD), SMF 1902 (St. 236 KD), SMF 1903 (St. 236 KD).</p><p>Etymology. Named in honour of Ann-Margret Amui-Vedel (born 1977), in recognition of her contributions to the study of bryozoan fauna from the Gulf of Aden.</p><p>Description. Colonies rigidly erect, multiserial, bilamellar, dichotomously branching (Fig. 2.1–3). Autozooids arranged in alternating series, separated by thin furrows between raised margins. Pore chambers, ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</p><p>Autozooids longitudinally rectangular with convex distal margin and concave proximal margin, 699–950 μm (ẋ = 827 ± 63 µm; CV = 8; N = 49 on 5 specimens) long by 250–429 μm (ẋ = 337 ± 45 µm; CV = 13; N = 49 on 5 specimens) wide (Fig. 2.4). Gymnocyst not visible. Cryptocyst sunken centrally, raised between opesiules and towards orifice, coarsely granular, pierced by circular pseudopores ventrally and proximally. Opesiules paired, asymmetrical, elliptical to teardrop-shaped, proximolateral to the opesia, 173–260 μm (ẋ = 212 ± 19 µm; CV = 9; N = 47 on 5 specimens) long by 160–246 μm (ẋ = 200 ± 20 µm; CV = 10; N = 47 on 5 specimens) wide (Fig. 2.4). Orifice terminal, circular, 105–207 μm (ẋ = 146 ± 21 µm; CV = 14; N = 50 on 5 specimens) long by 44–135 μm (ẋ = 81 ± 20 µm; CV = 25; N = 50 on 5 specimens) wide, having proximally directed condyles slightly proximal to the midline (Fig. 2.5). Spine bases lacking. Spicules comprising only C-shaped calipers, while compass spicules absent (Fig. 2.6). Ovicells hyperstomial, globular, cleithral, 426–489 μm (ẋ = 457 ± 23 µm; CV = 5; N = 5 on 4 specimens) long by 546–572 μm (ẋ = 561 ± 13 µm; CV = 2; N = 4 on 4 specimens) wide; ectooecia completely calcified, smooth, with median suture and triangular fenestra proximally (Fig. 2.6).</p><p>Avicularia and kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Amui &amp; Kaselowsky (2006) proposed the name Thalamoporella arabiensis for a cheilostome species from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait. However, this name was preoccupied by a fossil bryozoan described two years earlier by Guha &amp; Gopikrishna (2004) from the Aquitanian deposits of the Khari Nadi Formation in Kachchh, Gujarat, India, rendering the name of Amui &amp; Kaselowsky (2006) a junior homonym (see Sonar et al. 2022). Consequently, Thalamoporella annmargretae nom. nov. is established here as a replacement name, in accordance with Article 60.3 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999).</p><p>Amui &amp; Kaselowsky (2006) cited SMF 1900 as the holotype of Thalamoporella arabiensis (now Thalamoporella annmargretae nom. nov.), although it was not illustrated in the original publication. The material consists of five unbleached colony fragments, which may have originated from more than one individual colony. Therefore, in accordance with Article 73.2 (ICZN 1999), these fragments must be considered syntypes. We here designate the fragment illustrated in Fig. 2.2 as the lectotype, thereby fixing the application of the name in accordance with Article 74.1 (ICZN 1999).</p><p>Thalamoporella annmargretae nom. nov. closely resembles Thalamoporella rozieri (Audouin, 1826), a species originally described from the Red Sea, but it lacks the prominent lateral tubercles flanking the orifice. Additionally, the condyles in Thalamoporella annmargretae are more centrally positioned. Another comparable species, Thalamoporella inornata Soule, Soule &amp; Chaney, 1992 from Kuda Huraa, Maldives, lacks avicularia and adoral tubercles but has thick, ribbed zooidal margins (see also Soule et al. 1999, figs 61–63). Both Thalamoporella rozieri and Thalamoporella inornata are characterized by the presence of compass spicules, which are absent in the Bab-el-Mandeb species (Fig. 2.6). Furthermore, Thalamoporella annmargretae nom. nov. exhibits an erect growth habit, contrasting with the encrusting forms of its congeners from the Red Sea and the Maldives.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE1549FFDC6AFBFB032CB3F858	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE154FFFDA6AFBFE1A2C79FD62.text	753087BE154FFFDA6AFBFE1A2C79FD62.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Labioporella crenulata (Levinsen 1909)	<div><p>Labioporella crenulata (Levinsen, 1909)</p><p>(Fig. 3.1–4)</p><p>Labiopora crenulata Levinsen, 1909: 174, pl. VI, fig. 4a.</p><p>Labioporella crenulata: Harmer 1926: 282, pl. XXI, figs 1–3; Cook et al. 2018: fig. 3.30; Canu &amp; Bassler 1929: 148, pl. 16, figs 2, 3;? Kataoka, 1961: 237.</p><p>Material examined. SMF 40801 (4 specimens; St. 283 KU; Fig. 3.1–4).</p><p>Description. Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 3.1–2). Zooids arranged quincuncially, separated by broad and distinct furrows. Pore chambers, ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</p><p>Autozooids elongate, with inwardly curved proximal side and outwardly curved distal side, 569–820 μm (ẋ = 653 ± 76 µm; CV = 12; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 250–331 μm (ẋ = 298 ± 21 µm; CV = 7; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 3.3–4). Gymnocyst not visible. Cryptocyst sunken centrally, raised around the rims, pustulose, pierced by circular pores centrally and proximally, pores becoming smaller proximally, imperforate distally, with two circular depressions flanking polypide tube, occasionally partly or fully covered by imperforate lamina (Fig. 3.2, 3.4). Polypide tube convex frontally, with transversely elliptical aperture. Opesia terminal, semielliptical, with pinnately lobed lateral margins, bearing short and broad opesiular indentations at proximolateral corners, 170–219 μm (ẋ = 190 ± 13 µm; CV = 7; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 173–210 μm (ẋ = 192 ± 10 µm; CV = 5; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide. Spine bases and ovicells not observed.</p><p>Avicularia not observed.</p><p>Kenozooids rare, shorter than autozooids. Kenozooidal cryptocyst smooth, with subterminal, longitudinally elliptical aperture (Fig. 3.2).</p><p>Remarks. Dumont (1981) reported Labioporella crenulata from the Sudanese Red Sea but did not provide any images. Our specimens from the Gulf of Aden lack avicularia, despite the fact that the imaged colony is large with over 100 autozooids. The low occurrence or complete absence of avicularia in Labioporella colonies is not uncommon and complicates taxonomic identification.</p><p>Levinsen (1909) noted the presence of avicularia in the type material he examined, but the autozooid morphology in the specimens we studied is identical to that of Labioporella crenulata from the central Indo-Pacific (as per Cook et al. 2018). Since we do not consider the absence of avicularia sufficient to distinguish a separate species, we assign the studied material to Labioporella crenulata . The only reported possible fossil occurrence of Labioporella crenulata comes from a limestone of Pleistocene age collected near Kamikatetsu on Kikaijima, Kagoshima Prefecture, Japan (Kataoka 1961). However, because the species was not imaged in that study, the identification remains uncertain.</p><p>The family Labioporellidae Harmer, 1926, was long considered unjustified, and Labioporella was instead placed in Steginoporellidae Hincks, 1884, by Canu &amp; Bassler (1929), Bassler (1953), and most subsequent authors. However, Winston &amp; Jackson (2021) used Labioporellidae without further comment. Recent molecular data (Grant et al. 2023) now suggests that Labioporellidae may indeed warrant resurrection.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE154FFFDA6AFBFE1A2C79FD62	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE154EFFD86AFBFCCB2A8CFE6E.text	753087BE154EFFD86AFBFCCB2A8CFE6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Reussirella indica (Cook 1965)	<div><p>Reussirella indica (Cook, 1965)</p><p>(Fig. 4.1–6)</p><p>Cupuladria indica Cook, 1965: 169, pl. 2, figs 1, 2; Menon &amp; Nair 1975: 570, fig. 3h–j; Symphonia &amp; Nathan 2022: fig. 4.6–7.</p><p>Cupularia umbellata: Hincks 1887b: 125, non Lunulites umbellata Defrance, 1823 .</p><p>Cupuladria guineensis: partim Silén 1942: 8 (part), non pl. IV, figs 13, 14; Amui &amp; Kaselowsky 2006: 9, figs 1–2, non Cupularia guineensis Busk, 1854 .</p><p>Material examined. SMF 1802 (St. 236 KD), SMF 1824 (St. 283 KU), SMF 5608A (St. 283 KU), SMF 40783 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 4.4, 4.6), SMF 40807 (St. 236 KD; Fig. 4.3, 4.5), SMF 40808 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 4.1–2).</p><p>Description. Colony discoidal, cup-shaped, convex frontally, concave on the basal side, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 4.1–2). Autozooids arranged in alternating rows radiating from the centrally located ancestrula, opening on the convex surface. Basal side divided into radial sectors, tuberculate (Fig. 4.3). Ancestrula located in colony centre, autozooidal, surrounded by 7–8 autozooids (Fig. 4.4).</p><p>Autozooids rounded rhomboidal, separated by thin furrows, 314–440 μm (ẋ = 385 ± 30 µm; CV = 8; N = 45 on 3 specimens) long by 244–450 μm (ẋ = 331 ± 55 µm; CV = 17; N = 45 on 3 specimens) wide. Gymnocyst not visible. Cryptocyst granular; in autozooids from early astogeny (up to fifth or sixth generation) sunken centrally, pierced by ellipse of pores; in older autozooids circumopesial, steeply sloping into opesia or serrated at the margins (Fig. 4.5–6). Opesia rectangular, not developed in autozooids from the early astogeny, 205–279 μm (ẋ = 243 ± 20 µm; CV = 8; N = 30 on 2 specimens) long by 135–237 μm (ẋ = 181 ± 29 µm; CV = 16; N = 30 on 2 specimens) wide. Operculum terminal, semielliptical. Spine bases and ovicells not observed.</p><p>Vibracula monomorphic, interzooidal, proximal to each autozooid, triangular, with dextral or sinistral denticle, asymmetrical, 89–167 μm (ẋ = 123 ± 18 µm; CV = 15; N = 45 on 3 specimens) long by 99–168 μm (ẋ = 130 ± 16 µm; CV = 13; N = 45 on 3 specimens) wide, having flagelliform setae (Fig. 4.1). Vibracularian opesia, occupying almost whole frontal surface, triangular.</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Amui &amp; Kaselowsky (2006) misidentified specimens from R.V. Meteor expeditions to the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea as Cupuladria guineensis (Busk, 1854) . Although the frontal surface of these colonies resembles that of Cupuladria guineensis, several key morphological differences indicate that they represent a different species. Notably, autozooids from the early astogeny exhibit a porous, calcified frontal area (Fig. 4.4), and, more importantly, the basal surface structure diverges significantly (Fig. 4.3). Whereas species of Cupuladria Canu &amp; Bassler, 1919 possess a basal side divided into polygonal sectors, the specimens in question display radial sectors with tuberculate calcification (Fig. 4.2–3), which is a defining feature of Reussirella . These features support the reassignment of all Gulf of Aden material previously identified as Cupuladria guineensis to Reussirella indica . Consequently, the presence of Cupuladria guineensis in the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea must be regarded as a misidentification.</p><p>Cupuladria indica Cook, 1965 was first transferred to Reussirella by Bałuk &amp; Radwański (1984) in their original description of the genus. However, Cook &amp; Chimonides (1994a) later questioned this assignment, noting that Reussirella indica lacks the denticulate cryptocyst typical of other Reussirella species. Nevertheless, as these authors also observed, the close morphological similarity among many cupuladriid species complicates generic delineation. Despite its superficial resemblance to Cupuladria guineensis, the distinct basal wall calcification in Reussirella indica provides strong justification for maintaining the two species in separate genera.</p><p>Reussirella indica was originally described by Cook (1965) from the Andaman Sea, the Gulf of Oman, the Red Sea, and the Gulf of Aden. Its distribution was subsequently extended to the southwest coast of India by Menon &amp; Nair (1975), indicating a broad distribution across the northern Indian Ocean. It remains the only extant representative of Reussirella known from this region.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE154EFFD86AFBFCCB2A8CFE6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE154CFFD76AFBFD8F2B01FDFE.text	753087BE154CFFD76AFBFD8F2B01FDFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Onychocella subsymmetrica Canu & Bassler 1929	<div><p>Onychocella subsymmetrica Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929</p><p>(Fig. 5.1–4)</p><p>Onychocella subsymmetrica Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929: 124, text-fig. 30, pl. 12, figs 7, 8; Yang et al. 2018: 498, figs 8, 9.</p><p>Onychocella angulosa: Harmer 1926: 256, pl. XVI, figs 8, 9;? Mawatari 1965: fig. 59a–d; non Cellepora angulosa Reuss, 1848 .</p><p>Smittipora sp.: Martha et al., 2015: fig. 4g.</p><p>Material examined. SMF 10692 (St. 236 KD; Fig. 5.2–4), SMF 10697 (St. 236 KD; Fig. 5.1).</p><p>Description. Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 5.1–2). Zooids arranged quincuncially, separated by medial groove. Pore chambers not observed.Ancestrula autozooidal, budding three autozooids distally (Fig. 5.1).</p><p>Autozooids subhexagonal, 343–544 μm (ẋ = 439 ± 55 µm; CV = 13; N = 30 on 2 specimens) long by 280–429 μm (ẋ = 346 ± 40 µm; CV = 11; N = 30 on 2 specimens) wide. Gymnocyst not visible. Cryptocyst sunken centrally, raised around the rims, surrounding opesia from all sides, granular. Opesia subterminal, D-shaped, occasionally with opesiular indentations at proximolateral corners, 122–194 μm (ẋ = 145 ± 15 µm; CV = 10; N = 30 on 2 specimens) long by 124–217 μm (ẋ = 148 ± 18 µm; CV = 12; N = 30 on 2 specimens) wide (Fig. 5.3). Spine bases lacking. Ovicells not observed.</p><p>Avicularia monomorphic, vicarious, irregularly interspersed among autozooids, lanceolate, asymmetrical, oriented dextrally or sinistrally, 348–640 μm (ẋ = 541 ± 92 µm; CV = 17; N = 12 on 2 specimens) long by 198–280 μm (ẋ = 234 ± 27 µm; CV = 12; N = 12 on 2 specimens) wide (Fig. 5.4). Avicularian aperture centrally located, longitudinally elliptical, 150–227 μm (ẋ = 180 ± 25 µm; CV = 14; N = 12 on 2 specimens) long by 74–130 μm (ẋ = 97 ± 18 µm; CV = 15; N = 12 on 2 specimens) wide; crossbar not observed. Avicularian cryptocyst sunken, surrounding aperture from all sides, granular. Rostrum acutely triangular, sometimes slightly curved, directed distally, neither overlapping nor indenting proximal cryptocyst of distal autozooid. Intramural reparative budding of avicularia inside avicularia common, manifold.</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. The specimen illustrated by Harmer (1926) as Onychocella angulosa (Reuss, 1848), collected from shallow waters in the Sulu Sea south of North-Ubian Island, Philippines, is identical to our specimens from Djibouti. Canu &amp; Bassler (1929) later described Onychocella subsymmetrica as a new species from other localities in the Sulu Sea. However, this name was not widely accepted by several subsequent authors and was often considered a junior synonym of Onychocella angulosa (e.g., Mawatari 1965). Following Yang et al. (2018), who recognised Onychocella subsymmetrica as a valid species, we apply this name to the specimens from the Gulf of Aden. In the synonymy list provided above, only recent occurrences are considered.</p><p>The taxonomic validity of several species comparable to Onychocella angulosa remains a subject of debate (see also Taylor et al. 2018). Onychocella angulosa is the type species of the genus Onychocella, and was originally described from the Miocene of Austria by Reuss (1848). However, the original illustration is of poor quality, contributing to ongoing uncertainty regarding its identity. Di Martino et al. (2022) re-examined the type material and designated a lectotype from Nussdorf, Vienna, Austria. Onychocella angulosa differs from Onychocella subsymmetrica by having larger opesiae that are typically at least half the size of the autozooid, and in consistently lacking proximolateral opesiular indentations.</p><p>Another species frequently considered a junior synonym of Onychocella angulosa is Onychocella marioni Jullien, 1882, which is a common species from the Mediterranean Sea. Similar to Onychocella angulosa, this species also lacks proximolateral opesiular indentations and has larger opesiae (see Rosso et al. 2020) compared to Onychocella subsymmetrica .Additionally, Onychocella antiqua (Busk, 1858) from Madeira, Portugal, was illustrated by Taylor et al. (2018) as Onychocella angulosa (their fig. 1a–c), but differs in having trifoliate opesiae that are consistently terminal. A comprehensive revision of the type material for Onychocella subsymmetrica, Onychocella marioni, and Onychocella antiqua, alongside comparative analysis of Onychocella angulosa, is necessary to clarify their taxonomic status and to prevent further misidentifications.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE154CFFD76AFBFD8F2B01FDFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE1543FFD56AFBF9802B91FF32.text	753087BE1543FFD56AFBF9802B91FF32.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smittipora harmeriana (Canu & Bassler 1929)	<div><p>Smittipora harmeriana (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929)</p><p>(Fig. 6.1–4)</p><p>Smittipora abyssicola: Harmer 1926: 259, pl. XVI, figs 10–13, non Vincularia abyssicola Smitt, 1873 .</p><p>Velumella harmeriana Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929: 128 .</p><p>Smittipora harmeriana:? Winston &amp; Heimberg 1986: 11, figs 23, 24; Hayward 1988a: 281, pl. I, fig. (c); Tilbrook 2006: 76, pl. 12, fig. B;? d’Hondt &amp; Mascarell, 2010a: 210; Dick et al. 2020: 211, fig. 5A–C; non Sanjay et al. 2021: 717, pl. 2, figs a, b; Sanjay et al. 2024a: pl. 2, fig. (d).</p><p>Material examined. SMF 40802 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 6.1–4).</p><p>Description. Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 6.1–2). Zooids arranged quincuncially, separated by medial groove. Pore chambers and ancestrula not observed.</p><p>Autozooids subhexagonal, 429–696 μm (ẋ = 565 ± 67 µm; CV = 12; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 325–505 μm (ẋ = 403 ± 45 µm; CV = 11; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 6.3–4). Gymnocyst not visible. Cryptocyst sunken centrally, raised around the rims, finely granular. Opesia usually subterminal, surrounded by cryptocyst from all sides, but occasionally terminal and cormidial, D-shaped, with weakly developed opesiular indentations at proximolateral corners, occasionally with occlusor lamina distally (Fig. 6.4), 153–205 μm (ẋ = 179 ± 14 µm; CV = 8; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 157–194 μm (ẋ = 173 ± 10 µm; CV = 6; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide. Fertile autozooids with cormidial orifice, lacking an occlusor lamina (Fig. 6.3, arrowed).</p><p>Avicularia monomorphic, vicarious, irregularly interspersed among autozooids, lanceolate with acute proximal margins and well-rounded distally, bilaterally symmetrical, 446–577 μm (ẋ = 504 ± 45 µm; CV = 9; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 241–354 μm (ẋ = 296 ± 34 µm; CV = 12; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 6.3–4). Avicularian aperture centrally located, inverted pear-shaped, 160–268 μm (ẋ = 203 ± 28 µm; CV = 14; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 63–131 μm (ẋ = 100 ± 20 µm; CV = 20; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide, without crossbar. Avicularian cryptocyst sunken, surrounding aperture from all sides, granular. Rostrum spatulate, directed distally, indenting proximal cryptocyst of distal autozooid.</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. The identification of Smittipora species is challenging due to the limited number of distinguishing characters and their variability within a single colony. Consequently, several similar species have been described, including Smittipora abyssicola (Smitt, 1873), Smittipora acutirostris (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928a), Smittipora americana (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1928b), Smittipora cordiformis Harmer, 1926, Smittipora harmeriana (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929), and Smittipora philippinensis (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929) . To establish stable species concepts, a re-examination of the type material of all these species is necessary, as species discrimination is not straightforward, and several taxa may eventually prove to be synonyms.</p><p>An additional species, Smittipora levinseni (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917), presents a taxonomic issue. Canu &amp; Bassler (1917) introduced “ Velumella (Onychocella) levinseni ” as a new name for “ Onychocella sp. ” based solely on drawings by Levinsen (1909, pl. XXII, fig. 3a–d), without examining any material or specifying a locality. The absence of directly examined material renders the validity of Smittipora levinseni problematic. Levinsen (1909) also did not indicate a locality or provide any information on the specimen(s) he examined. However, under Article 12 of the International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999), names published before 1931 are considered available if they include a description, definition, or an indication. Thus, Velumella levinseni, which is also the type species of Velumella Canu &amp; Bassler, 1917, is technically a validly published name. The generic name Velumella has been regarded as a junior synonym of Smittipora (Bassler 1953), but Smittipora levinseni continues to be used, with some authors considering it a senior synonym of Smittipora americana (e.g., Winston 1986), while others maintain Smittipora americana (e.g., Di Martino 2022). Given the uncertain status of Levinsen’s material, Smittipora levinseni remains taxonomically dubious, and we refrain from using this name.</p><p>Our specimen from the Gulf of Aden is attributed to Smittipora harmeriana as it closely matches the original illustrations by Harmer (1926) and specimens from Mauritius (Hayward 1988a) and the Gulf of Tonkin (Dick et al. 2020). Distinctive features of Smittipora harmeriana include bilaterally symmetrical avicularia with a centrally located, elliptical or inverted pear-shaped aperture, and autozooidal opesia with weakly developed proximolateral opesiular indentations (Fig. 6.4). Unlike other similar species, Smittipora harmeriana shows no pronounced sexual dimorphism in opesia size (Fig. 6.3).Additionally, the presence of a prominent occlusor lamina in infertile autozooids (Fig. 6.4), as originally depicted by Harmer (1926), further supports the identification.</p><p>The name Velumella harmeriana was proposed by Canu &amp; Bassler (1929) as a new name for Smittipora abyssicola sensu Harmer (1926) from Indonesia, incorrectly termed “ Malasia ” by Canu &amp; Bassler (1929). However, Smittipora abyssicola from the Atlantic Ocean off Florida, USA, as restudied by Di Martino (2022), differs significantly, particularly in the shape of the opesia and the size of the avicularian aperture, as well as the absence of an occlusor lamina.</p><p>Reports of Smittipora harmeriana from Komodo, Indonesia (Winston &amp; Heimberg 1986), show a larger avicularian aperture compared to the Aden specimen, and lack the occlusor lamina, suggesting they may not be conspecific. Similarly, the Smittipora harmeriana from India reported by Sanjay et al. (2021) shows sexual dimorphism in opesia size and asymmetrical avicularia, differing from the original description. However, a specimen from the Lakshadweep Sea (Sanjay et al. 2024a) may indeed be conspecific.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE1543FFD56AFBF9802B91FF32	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE1541FFD46AFBFAD92C74FC66.text	753087BE1541FFD46AFBFAD92C74FC66.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Adeona odontoti Martha & Scholz 2025	<div><p>Adeona odontoti sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 80E09C57-8702-4AC5-B32B-A06009C6992B</p><p>(Fig. 7.1–4)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: SMF 40782 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 7.1–4).</p><p>Etymology. Derived from Modern Greek οδοντωτή (‘dentate’), referring to the denticles associated with the spiramen.</p><p>Description. Colonies rigidly erect, multiserial, bilamellar, dichotomously branching (Fig. 7.1). Autozooids arranged quincuncially, separated by thin, calcified threads. Pore chambers, ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</p><p>Autozooids subhexagonal, 358–491 μm (ẋ = 408 ± 39 µm; CV = 9; N = 20 on 1 specimen) long by 182–272 μm (ẋ = 223 ± 19 µm; CV = 9; N = 20 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 7.2). Frontal shield moderately convex, granular, pierced by one row of evenly spaced, circular areolar pores at the margins. Orifice semicircular with well-rounded proximolateral margins, 66–94 μm (ẋ = 80 ± 8 µm; CV = 10; N = 20 on 1 specimen) long by 86–129 μm (ẋ = 103 ± 11 µm; CV = 11; N = 20 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 7.3). Spiramina non-projecting, single; outer opening located medially, inside depression, transversely elliptical, bearing three denticles at distal and proximolateral margins, 27–63 μm (ẋ = 39 ± 10 µm; CV = 25; N = 20 on 1 specimen) long by 33–60 μm (ẋ = 42 ± 7 µm; CV = 17; N = 20 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 7.3); frontal shield sloping into spiraminal depression from all sides. Spine bases lacking. Ovicells not observed.</p><p>Avicularia monomorphic, adventitious, suboral, triangular, bilaterally symmetrical, 79–127 μm (ẋ = 100 ± 10 µm; CV = 10; N = 20 on 1 specimen) long by 58–75 μm (ẋ = 65 ± 5 µm; CV = 7; N = 20 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 7.4). Avicularian aperture central, transversely elliptical; crossbar absent. Rostrum acutely triangular, directed laterally or slightly proximolaterally or distolaterally.</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Amui (2005) described three adeonid species of the genus Adeonella Busk, 1884, from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and the Gulf of Aden. All three species possess a porous frontal shield, whereas Adeona odontoti sp. nov. is distinguished by having a single row of evenly spaced, circular areolar pores along the margin of the frontal shield (Fig. 7.2). Additionally, the new species features a monoporous, denticulate spiramen (Fig. 7.3), structures not observed in the previously described Adeonella species from the region. Adeona odontoti sp. nov. is the first species from the western Indian Ocean assignable to the genus Adeona .</p><p>The closest known relatives of Adeona odontoti sp. nov. appear to be Adeona arculifera Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929 and Adeona articulata Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929, both originally described from the southern Sulu Sea. In Adeona arculifera, avicularia are distolaterally oriented and indent the orifice. Colonies of Adeona articulata are articulated but also exhibit skeletal branching; their avicularia are large, distolaterally directed, and may possess a trifoliate aperture (Di Martino et al. 2019). In contrast, avicularia in Adeona odontoti sp. nov. are oriented laterally, sometimes curving slightly upward or downward, and have an elliptical aperture (Fig. 7.4).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE1541FFD46AFBFAD92C74FC66	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE1547FFD26AFBFE522CECFC3D.text	753087BE1547FFD26AFBFE522CECFC3D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cribrilaria harmeri Ristedt 1985	<div><p>Cribrilaria cf. harmeri Ristedt, 1985</p><p>(Fig. 8.1–4)</p><p>Material examined. SMF 40794 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 8.1–4).</p><p>Description. Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 8.1). Zooids arranged quincuncially, separated by broad and distinct furrows (Fig. 8.2); 14–20 communication pores within vertical walls of each autozooid (one proximal, 2 × 3–4 proximolateral, 2 × 3–4 distolateral, one distal), circular to transversely elliptical (Fig. 8.3). Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</p><p>Autozooids rounded subhexagonal, 291–443 μm (ẋ = 352 ± 42 µm; CV = 12; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 226–313 μm (ẋ = 281 ± 25 µm; CV = 9; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 8.2). Gymnocyst surrounding costate shield, smooth, usually with proximal or lateral extensions between adjacent autozooids. Frontal shield moderately convex, consisting of 14–18 costae; 1–2 suboral pores, distalmost suboral pore transversely elliptical, second suboral pore circular (Fig. 8.4). Costae converging and fused at zooidal midline, separated by 6–8 regularly-spaced, longitudinally elliptical costal pores, distalmost pair of costae undifferentiated; pelmatidia on costae not observed. Orifice semicircular, 42–61 μm (ẋ = 49 ± 5 µm; CV = 10; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 61–73 μm (ẋ = 68 ± 4 µm; CV = 5; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide. Oral spine bases numbering six in non-ovicellate and four in ovicellate autozooids, placed lateral and distal to the orifice in non-ovicellate and lateral to the orifice in ovicellate autozooids. Ovicells hyperstomial, globular, 92–110 μm (ẋ = 102 ± 6 µm; CV = 6; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 122–140 μm (ẋ = 131 ± 6 µm; CV = 5; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide; ectooecia completely calcified, smooth, with median longitudinally elongate, elevated ridge proximally (Fig. 8.2–3).</p><p>Avicularia monomorphic, interzooidal, interspersed among autozooids, rare, rounded proximally, elongate distally, bilaterally symmetrical (Fig. 8.3–4).Avicularian aperture proximal, teardrop-shaped; crossbar not observed. Rostrum acute, directed distally.</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Cribrilaria harmeri Ristedt, 1985, originally described from the Philippines, is a widespread species in the western and central Indo-Pacific, with additional records from Mauritius (Hayward 1988a). The number of oral spine bases and spines surrounding the ancestrula are generally used as key diagnostic features to distinguish Cribrilaria species (see Ristedt 1985). In Cribrilaria harmeri, non-ovicellate autozooids consistently possess seven oral spine bases, whereas our specimen from the Gulf of Aden has only six (Fig. 8.2). This difference may indicate that our specimen is likely not conspecific with Cribrilaria harmeri . Unfortunately, the ancestrular region in our specimen is damaged, preventing further comparison. Furthermore, the avicularia in our specimen from the Gulf of Aden were broken during bleaching and are only incompletely preserved (Fig. 8.3–4).</p><p>Several Cribrilaria species with six oral spine bases are known, including some from the Indian Ocean. Cribrilaria flabellifera (Kirkpatrick, 1888) from Mauritius differs from our species in having distinct, proximally broad avicularia with a short rostrum (see Ristedt 1985). Cribrilaria africana Hayward &amp; Cook, 1983, from off East London, South Africa, is more comparable, as it appears to have six oral spines. However, this species has been inadequately imaged, and its avicularia were described as “semi-pedunculate”. Additionally, it possesses up to five large suboral pores.</p><p>The assignment of these species to Cribrilaria rather than Puellina Jullien, 1886, follows Rosso et al. (2018), who differentiated the two genera based on interzooidal avicularia and an imperforate ooecium in Cribrilaria, whereas Puellina (including its type species) lacks avicularia and has a perforate ooecium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE1547FFD26AFBFE522CECFC3D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE1546FFD06AFBFA392DF1FEA6.text	753087BE1546FFD06AFBFA392DF1FEA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lagenipora perplexa (Harmer 1957) Martha & Scholz 2025	<div><p>Lagenipora perplexa (Harmer, 1957) n. comb.</p><p>(Fig. 9.1–6)</p><p>Lekythopora perplexa Harmer, 1957: 884, pl. LIX, figs 5–7.</p><p>Celleporina perplexa: Hayward 1988a: 342, pl. XV, figs (b)–(d).</p><p>Lagenicella sp.: Symphonia &amp; Nathan 2022: fig. 5.6–7.</p><p>Material examined. SMF 40781 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 9.2, 9.5), SMF 40804 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 9.3–4), SMF 40805 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 9.1, 9.6).</p><p>Description. Colony rigidly erect, multiserial, unilamellar, dichotomously branching, forming cylindrical branches (Fig. 9.1). Autozooids arranged in alternating series, separated by distinct furrows (Fig. 9.2). Ancestrula autozooidal, with salient, peristomate orifice and reduced frontal shield (Fig. 9.3).</p><p>Autozooids oblong to narrowing proximally to slightly hexagonal, 448–699 μm (ẋ = 603 ± 66 µm; CV = 11; N = 26 on 3 specimens) long by 152–268 μm (ẋ = 221 ± 29 µm; CV = 13; N = 26 on 3 specimens) wide, inclined outwardly in ovicellate autozooids at about mid-length, while entirely horizontal in infertile autozooids (Fig. 9.4, 9.6). Frontal shield slightly convex, pierced by up to 20 circular pores all around the margins and occasionally with few circular pores centrally, smooth, traversed by several depressions starting from the pores and progressing to the centre. Primary orifice circular. Peristome terminal, prominent, cylindrical. Secondary orifice circular, 75–165 μm (ẋ = 116 ± 20 µm; CV = 17; N = 19 on 3 specimens) long by 100–152 μm (ẋ = 118 ± 15 µm; CV = 13; N = 19 on 3 specimens) wide. Spine bases not observed. Ovicells on distal peristomial rim, oblate spheroid, 72–96 μm (ẋ = 87 ± 7 µm; CV = 8; N = 11 on 3 specimens) long by 122–170 μm (ẋ = 150 ± 14 µm; CV = 9; N = 11 on 3 specimens) wide, supposedly opening in to base of peristome; ectooecia incompletely calcified, smooth, leaving rectangular window proximally and centrally; endooecia smooth, imperforate (Fig. 9.5).</p><p>Avicularia possibly paired at lateral margins of secondary orifice (Fig. 9.6).</p><p>Kenozooids interzooidal, polymorphous, frequently found at colony base in ancestrular region (Fig. 9.1, 9.3). Kenozooidal cryptocyst infrequently pierced by circular to elliptical pores.</p><p>Remarks. Lagenipora perplexa n. comb. is an enigmatic species that had originally been described by Harmer (1957) from the Timor Sea northwest of Jaco, Timor-Leste. The specimens from the Gulf of Aden attributed to this species closely resemble those imaged by Hayward (1988a) from Mauritius and Symphonia &amp; Nathan (2022) from the Bay of Bengal (as Lagenicella sp.). Harmer’s original material, however, has not been adequately illustrated and has not been formally revised. A direct comparison with the Timor specimens is therefore not feasible, and our identification of Lagenipora perplexa n. comb. is based entirely on the specimens described by Hayward (1988a).</p><p>The Gulf of Aden material consists of several young, erect, branching colonies composed of cylindrical internodes formed by whorls of up to six autozooids. Notably, the ancestrular region that was previously unreported for this species is well-preserved in the Gulf of Aden specimens. A distinctive dimorphism is observed between fertile and infertile autozooids in Lagenipora perplexa n. comb. Infertile autozooids possess a short peristome surrounding the terminal primary orifice (Fig. 9.4), while ovicellate zooids exhibit a slight outward inclination at mid-length (Fig. 9.6). An ovicell is wedged between the raised, cylindrical portion of the autozooid and subsequent autozooids (Fig. 9.5). Although the ovicell opening was not directly observed, it is presumed to open within the proximal portion of the peristome.</p><p>Lagenipora perplexa n. comb. had previously been assigned to Celleporina Gray, 1848 by Cook &amp; Hayward (1983). However, Hayward (1988a) already pointed out key differences from true Celleporina species, including the erect, regularly branching colony form, distinct ovicell morphology, the configuration of the primary orifice, and the absence of vicarious avicularia. Upon comparison with the type species Lagenipora lepralioides (Norman, 1868), an encrusting species originally reported from the coasts of the Shetland Islands, United Kingdom, the Indian Ocean species are here reassigned to Lagenipora . This placement is supported by similarities in ovicell structure and frontal shield morphology. In particular, the ancestrular region in the Gulf of Aden specimens (Fig. 9.3) matches well with that of Lagenipora cf. lepralioides from the Alboran Sea, as figured by Ramalho et al. (2022, fig. 14A).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE1546FFD06AFBFA392DF1FEA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE1544FFD06AFBFD1F2C13F88C.text	753087BE1544FFD06AFBFD1F2C13F88C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Iodictyum magniavicularis Amui & Kaselowsky 2006	<div><p>Iodictyum magniavicularis Amui &amp; Kaselowsky, 2006</p><p>(Fig. 10.1–6)</p><p>Iodictyum magniavicularis Amui &amp; Kaselowsky, 2006: 18, figs 23, 24.</p><p>Material examined. SMF 1812 (St. 236 KD; holotype; Fig. 10.6), SMF 1814 (St. 236 KD; paratype; Fig. 10.5), SMF 40786 (2 specimens; St. 283 KU; B = Fig. 10.1–4) .</p><p>Description. Colony erect, reticulate, unilamellar. Branches anastomosing, forming elliptical fenestrulae (Fig. 10.1). Trabeculae consisting of autozooids arranged in two to six alternating series. Zooids opening on one side only, separated by thin furrows. Basal side divided into irregular sectors by reticulate network of calcified ridges (Fig. 10.2). Sectors flat, ornamented with irregularly placed circular tubercles centrally, with irregularly placed circular pores at sector margin. Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</p><p>Autozooids longitudinally rectangular to slightly hexagonal, 324–457 μm (ẋ = 379 ± 33 µm; CV = 9; N = 60 on 4 specimens) long by 153–297 μm (ẋ = 212 ± 32 µm; CV = 15; N = 60 on 4 specimens) wide (Fig. 10.3). Frontal shield slightly depressed centrally, ornamented with 6–10 irregularly placed circular tubercles, pierced by two, rarely one, circular to elliptical areolar pores at the proximolateral margins and by two, rarely three, circular areolar pores at the lateral margins. Primary orifice not readily visible, immersed within columnar peristome; condyles not observed. Peristome salient, cylindrical. Pseudospiramen proximomedially, circular, connected to peristome via slit. Secondary orifice circular, with crenulated distal (and distolateral) margin, 71–121 μm (ẋ = 94 ± 9 µm; CV = 9; N = 60 on 4 specimens) in diameter. Spine bases not observed. Ovicells hyperstomial, globular, 126–183 μm (ẋ = 148 ± 13 µm; CV = 8; N = 17 on 2 specimens) long by 142–184 μm (ẋ = 164 ± 10 µm; CV = 6; N = 17 on 2 specimens) wide; ectooecia smooth, partly covered by frontal wall calcification of adjacent autozooids; aperture forming a semicircular notch proximomedially (Fig. 10.4–5).</p><p>Avicularia monomorphic, very rare, adventitious, single, oral, lateral to the orifice, laterally directed, bilaterally symmetrical, transversely elliptical, indenting the peristome and overlapping adjacent autozooids, 191–225 μm (ẋ = 208 ± 24 µm; CV = 12; N = 2 on 2 specimens) long by 95–124 μm (ẋ = 110 ± 21 µm; CV = 19; N = 2 on 2 specimens) wide (Fig. 10.6). Avicularian aperture rounded triangular, extending to half the avicularian length. Crossbar complete, arc-shaped, located at about one-fourth the avicularian aperture length. Rostrum truncate, well-rounded, directed laterally.</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Iodictyum is a diverse genus comprising morphologically variable species, currently known only from the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean. Iodictyum magniavicularis from the Gulf of Aden was first described by Amui &amp; Kaselowsy (2006) and is reimaged here. Unfortunately, the type colonies of the species are fragmented into several pieces, but their diagnostic features remain recognisable.</p><p>The large, eponymous avicularia are very rare (Fig. 10.6), with only one or two observed per colony in the examined material. The structure of both the ovicell and the avicularia in Iodictyum magniavicularis closely resembles that of Iodictyum violaceum Hayward, 2004 from New Caledonia. However, Iodictyum violaceum differs in having a frontal shield perforated by large pores and a higher frequency of avicularia.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE1544FFD06AFBFD1F2C13F88C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE155BFFCD6AFBFA7C2D09FEA6.text	753087BE155BFFCD6AFBFA7C2D09FEA6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plesiocleidochasma dorothyjohnella Martha & Scholz 2025	<div><p>Plesiocleidochasma dorothyjohnella sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: A9ABC8FE-F282-4A19-8F73-8B906082B098</p><p>(Fig. 11.1–4)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: SMF 40800 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 11.1–4).</p><p>Etymology. Named in honour of Dorothy Fisher Soule, née Dorothy Louise Fisher (1923–2005) and John Dutcher Soule (1920–2001) in recognition of their contributions to bryozoan research.</p><p>Description. Colony encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 11.1). Zooids arranged quincuncially, separated by broad and distinct furrows. Septula inside vertical walls monoporous, circular. Ancestrula tatiform, obscured by surrounding autozooids (Fig. 11.2).</p><p>Autozooids hexagonal, 308–404 μm (ẋ = 345 ± 23 µm; CV = 7; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 276–351 μm (ẋ = 310 ± 25 µm; CV = 8; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide. Frontal shield slightly convex, ornamented with regularly arranged pustules on smooth calcification, pierced by 4–10 circular areolar pores at the margins. Orifice subterminal, keyhole-shaped; anter circular to slightly elliptical, 60–77 μm (ẋ = 70 ± 5 µm; CV = 7; N = 12 on 1 specimen) long by 67–88 μm (ẋ = 80 ± 6 µm; CV = 7; N = 12 on 1 specimen) wide, separated by proximomedially directed condyles from the narrower, semielliptical poster, 23–34 μm (ẋ = 28 ± 3 µm; CV = 12; N = 12 on 1 specimen) long by 21–34 μm (ẋ = 29 ± 3 µm; CV = 12; N = 12 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 11.3). Intramural reparative budding inside autozooidal orifices common, indicated by two orificial rims (Fig. 11.4). Spine bases oral, numbering two, (disto)lateral to the orifice, occasionally third spine bases distal to the orifice. Ovicells not observed.</p><p>Avicularia dimorphic, adventitious, single, proximolateral to the orifice, on a few autozooids only, bilaterally symmetrical, ovate, occasionally enlarged and elliptical. Small avicularia acuminate, 68–71 μm (ẋ = 70 ± 2 µm; CV = 3; N = 2 on 1 specimen) long by 53–55 μm (ẋ = 54 ± 1 µm; CV = 3; N = 2 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 11.2). Large avicularia rectangular with rounded corners, 118–149 μm (ẋ = 136 ± 16 µm; CV = 12; N = 3 on 1 specimen) long by 68–70 μm (ẋ = 69 ± 1 µm; CV = 1; N = 3 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 11.4). Avicularian aperture ovate, occupying most of the frontal surface. Crossbar complete, located at about one-third the avicularian aperture length. Rostrum acuminate, occasionally prolonged and spatulate, directed proximally or proximolaterally.</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Plesiocleidochasma is a widespread genus found in tropical waters, comprising nearly two dozen closely-related species. Two species later assigned to Plesiocleidochasma were previously mentioned from the Red Sea by Dumont (1981) without accompanying images; Plesiocleidochasma laterale (Harmer, 1957) and Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum (Busk, 1860) . Plesiocleidochasma laterale differs from Plesiocleidochasma dorothyJohnella sp. nov. by its single or paired avicularia with trifoliate apertures, a very short and broad crescentshaped poster, and fewer areolar pores. Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum is distinguished by its short, broad poster, 3–4 oral spines, and fewer areolar pores. Additionally, both species have trifoliate avicularian opesiae, whereas Plesiocleidochasma dorothyJohnella sp. nov. has ovate avicularian opesiae.</p><p>Another comparable species, Plesiocleidochasma porcellaniforme (Soule, Soule &amp; Chaney, 1991) from the southwestern Pacific Ocean, usually has paired avicularia proximolateral to the orifice with an acute rostral tip, and lacks oral spine bases. In the type species, Plesiocleidochasma normani (Livingstone, 1926), from the Surprise Shoal, Coral Sea off Queensland, Australia, early astogeny autozooids may possess up to three oral spine bases. However, its avicularia are characterised by a long, acuminate rostrum, while the poster is short and nearly as broad as the anter (see Soule et al. 1991).</p><p>Plesiocleidochasma dorothyJohnella sp. nov. is notable for exhibiting avicularian dimorphism. Some avicularia feature a short, acuminate rostrum surrounding the avicularian aperture, while others have a spatulate rostrum. Avicularian size dimorphism has been previously documented in Plesiocleidochasma species, such as Plesiocleidochasma laterale . In Plesiocleidochasma dorothyJohnella sp. nov., avicularia with a spatulate rostrum are twice as long as those with an acute rostrum, as they have cryptocystal calcification extending from the avicularian aperture to the rostral tip (Fig. 11.4). The ovicell of this new species from the Gulf of Aden remains unknown.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE155BFFCD6AFBFA7C2D09FEA6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE155EFFCA6AFBFE522996F812.text	753087BE155EFFCA6AFBFE522996F812.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Anoteropora latirostris Silen 1947	<div><p>Anoteropora latirostris Silén, 1947</p><p>(Fig. 14.1–4)</p><p>Anoteropora latirostris Silén, 1947: 58, text-figs 49–50, pl. 5, figs 25–27; Cook 1966: 210; Cook &amp; Chimonides 1994b: 54, figs 1c, 2e–f; Jacob et al. 2019: 9, figs 1–6; Martha et al. 2020: fig. 11.40A–B; Di Martino 2023: 88, figs 48, 49.</p><p>Anoteropora magnicapitata: Balavoine 1959: 278, pl. VI, fig. 2, non Anoteropora magnicapitata Canu &amp; Bassler, 1927 .</p><p>Material examined. SMF 40788 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 14.3–4), SMF 60000 (St. 283 KU), SMF 60001 (St. 283 KU), SMF 60002 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 14.1), SMF 60003 (St. 283 KU), SMF 60004 (St. 236 KD), SMF 60005 (St. 283 KU), SMF 60006 (St. 283 KU), SMF 60007 (St. 283 KU), SMF 60008 (St. 283 KU), SMF 60009 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 14.2).</p><p>Description. Colony discoidal, cup-shaped, convex frontally, concave on the basal side, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 14.1). Autozooids arranged in regular rows radiating from the centrally located ancestrula, opening on the convex surface (Fig. 14.2). Basal side divided into hexagonal sectors, bearing numerous depressions, each having a small, circular pore at the centre. Ancestrula located in colony centre, circular, broken in observed specimens, surrounded by six autozooids.</p><p>Autozooids hexagonal, separated by thin furrows, 380–556 μm (ẋ = 446 ± 39 µm; CV = 9; N = 52 on 3 specimens) long by 331–490 μm (ẋ = 399 ± 36 µm; CV = 9; N = 52 on 3 specimens) wide (Fig. 14.3). Frontal shield pustulose, pierced by up to eight elliptical areolar pores at the lateral and distolateral margins. Orifice centrally located on the frontal shield, circular to longitudinally elliptical, 179–248 μm (ẋ = 208 ± 15 µm; CV = 7; N = 52 on 3 specimens) long by 161–249 μm (ẋ = 199 ± 21 µm; CV = 11; N = 52 on 3 specimens) wide, slightly larger in fertile autozooids, lateral condyles at midline or slightly proximal to the midline. Operculum semielliptical. Spine bases not observed. Ovicells hyperstomial, globular, 219–299 μm (ẋ = 259 ± 57 µm; CV = 22; N = 2 on 1 specimen) long by 301–365 μm (ẋ = 339 ± 22 µm; CV = 6; N = 6 on 2 specimens) wide, closed by the operculum; endooecium membranous; ectooecia granular, evenly pierced by circular pseudopores (Fig. 14.4).</p><p>Avicularia monomorphic, adventitious, single, oral, distal or distolateral to the orifice in each infertile autozooid while lateral to the brood chamber in fertile autozooids, directed laterally or distolaterally in infertile, and distally in fertile autozooids, asymmetrical, oriented sinistrally, acuminate, 203–331 μm (ẋ = 262 ± 34 µm; CV = 13; N = 52 on 3 specimens) long by 93–213 μm (ẋ = 140 ± 29 µm; CV = 21; N = 52 on 3 specimens) wide (Fig. 14.3–4). Crossbar complete, located at about one-third the avicularian length and separating the rounded proximal portion from the rostrum. Rostrum spatulate, well-rounded, slightly curved towards the orifice or ovicell, directed laterally or distolaterally in infertile autozooids while directed distally in fertile autozooids. Mandible slightly longer than avicularium, acute.</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Anoteropora latirostris is a widespread species known from several tropical regions of the Indian Ocean. However, Cook &amp; Chimonides (1994b) noted significant morphological differences between specimens from South Africa and those from the Arabian realm, suggesting that multiple species may be involved. The type material of Silén (1947) was collected during the Vega Expedition (1878–1880) from the Gulf of Aden. This material was recently re-examined and reimaged by Di Martino (2023), who designated a lectotype from a site precisely located between ME5 stations 236 KD and 283 KU at 12° 26′N, 44°16′E. Although the Vega samples are poorly preserved, they are completely identical to our material from the R.V. Meteor expedition.</p><p>The ultrastructure of Anoteropora latirostris was studied by Jacob et al. (2019), revealing that its skeleton is bimineralic, with asymmetric mineralization of the lateral walls. The colonies of Anoteropora latirostris are anchored by rhizoids that extend from the basal surface, though these structures were not observed in our material. Notably, in infertile autozooids, the avicularia are consistently oriented to one side (Fig. 14.3), whereas in fertile autozooids, they are positioned laterally to the brood chamber (Fig. 14.4). This latter characteristic is the primary feature distinguishing Anoteropora latirostris from Anoteropora magnicapitata Canu &amp; Bassler, 1927, as well as from other comparable species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE155EFFCA6AFBFE522996F812	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE155DFFC76AFBFA6A2D38FDFE.text	753087BE155DFFC76AFBFA6A2D38FDFE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Characodoma babelmandebi Martha & Scholz 2025	<div><p>Characodoma babelmandebi sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: E88CD87C-40F5-487B-8C67-2D88810169FC</p><p>(Fig. 15.1–4)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: SMF 1808 (large specimen; St. 236 KD; Fig. 15.1–4) . Additional material: SMF 1808 (small specimen; St. 236 KD) .</p><p>Etymology. Named for the type locality of the species, the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait.</p><p>Description. Colony presumably encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 15.1). Zooids arranged quincuncially, separated by broad and distinct furrows. Pore chambers not observed. Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</p><p>Autozooids irregularly polygonal to subhexagonal, 222–409 μm (ẋ = 320 ± 48 µm; CV = 15; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 226–360 μm (ẋ = 298 ± 42 µm; CV = 14; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 15.2). Frontal shield convex, variably tuberculate, irregularly pierced by c. 4–10 circular to elliptical areolar pores at the margins and c. 1–4 circular pores proximal to the avicularian rostrum (Fig. 15.3). Orifice terminal, keyhole-shaped; anter elliptical, 86–111 μm (ẋ = 100 ± 7 µm; CV = 7; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 73–91 μm (ẋ = 79 ± 5 µm; CV = 6; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide, separated by proximomedially directed condyles from the poster; poster semielliptical, well-rounded proximally, 26–39 μm (ẋ = 35 ± 4 µm; CV = 11; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 28–40 μm (ẋ = 35 ± 4 µm; CV = 11; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide. Spine bases not observed. Ovicells hyperstomial, helmet-shaped, 118–147 μm (ẋ = 131 ± 8 µm; CV = 6; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 132–183 μm (ẋ = 163 ± 14 µm; CV = 9; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide, acleithral; ectooecia finely tuberculate, pierced centrally by an oblong to slit-like pore (Fig. 15.4).</p><p>Avicularia dimorphic in size, adventitious, usually single, rarely paired. Large avicularia lateral to the orifice, bilaterally symmetrical, oblong, 228–273 μm (ẋ = 250 ± 13 µm; CV = 5; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 109–138 μm (ẋ = 124 ± 10 µm; CV = 8; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 15.3). Avicularian aperture inversely teardrop-shaped, 77–131 μm (ẋ = 100 ± 12 µm; CV = 12; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 44–64 μm (ẋ = 52 ± 6 µm; CV = 11; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide; crossbar complete but usually broken in observed specimens, at about one-third to one-fourth the avicularian aperture length. Rostrum spatulate, proximally directed. Small avicularia lateral to the orifice, bilaterally symmetrical, kite-shaped, 90–134 μm (ẋ = 110 ± 13 µm; CV = 12; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 89–121 μm (ẋ = 105 ± 11 µm; CV = 10; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide (Fig. 15.3). Avicularian aperture inversely teardrop-shaped, 44–67 μm (ẋ = 59 ± 8 µm; CV = 13; N = 15 on 1 specimen) long by 31–57 μm (ẋ = 46 ± 9 µm; CV = 19; N = 15 on 1 specimen) wide; crossbar complete, separating rounded proximal portion from triangular rostrum. Rostrum acute, markedly elevated, proximolaterally directed.</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Characodoma babelmandebi sp. nov. is described based on two colonies collected from shallow waters off the coast of Djibouti. Although the substrate is not preserved, the species is presumed to be encrusting. Characodoma babelmandebi sp. nov. differs from Characodoma protrusum (Thornely, 1905), a species found in deeper waters of the Gulf of Aden, by having fewer (areolar) pores piercing the frontal shield, dimorphic avicularia, and a distinctive ovicell morphology (Fig. 15.4). Notably, the ovicell in Characodoma babelmandebi sp. nov. is unique among known Characodoma species in possessing an ectooecium pierced by a single, large central foramen (Fig. 15.4). In contrast, other congeners either have an imperforate ectooecium or one perforated by numerous small pores (e.g., Characodoma protrusum).</p><p>The new species most closely resembles Characodoma mamillatum (Seguenza, 1880), originally described from the Calabrian (Pleistocene) of Gallina, a suburb of Reggio Calabria, Italy. Rosso (1999) revised this species and synonymised the recent Lepralia bifurcata Waters, 1918 with Characodoma mamillatum, which is now known from both fossil and extant material in the central Mediterranean, particularly around southern Italy. In Characodoma mamillatum, small adventitious avicularia are typically paired lateral to the orifice, with larger avicularia oriented distally, while the smaller ones are directed laterally to slightly distolaterally. In contrast, avicularia in Characodoma babelmandebi sp. nov. are oriented proximally and proximolaterally, respectively (Fig. 15.2). Furthermore, the poster in Characodoma mamillatum is significantly shorter and broader than in Characodoma babelmandebi sp. nov., and areolar pores piercing the frontal shield are lacking.</p><p>Rosso (1999, fig. 10) documented successive stages of ovicell development in Characodoma mamillatum, showing that calcification begins at the lateral wings and proceeds centrally. Incompletely calcified ovicells in this species may resemble the seemingly “cracked” ovicells observed in Characodoma babelmandebi sp. nov. However, in the latter, a central oblong or slit-like fenestra remains open in the ectooecium even in fully developed ovicells (Fig. 15.4), whereas in Characodoma mamillatum, the ectooecium becomes fully calcified upon completion.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE155DFFC76AFBFA6A2D38FDFE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE1553FFC66AFBFD572A8FFE4A.text	753087BE1553FFC66AFBFD572A8FFE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Characodoma protrusum (Thornely 1905)	<div><p>Characodoma protrusum (Thornely, 1905)</p><p>(Fig. 16.1–6)</p><p>Gemellipora protrusa Thornely, 1905: 119, fig. 7; Waters 1913: 506, pl. LXX, figs 4–6.</p><p>Cleidochasma protrusum: partim Harmer 1957: 1040 (part), text-fig. 112, pl. LXXI, figs 2, 4, non pl. LXXI, figs 1, 3 (= Characodoma suluense (Soule, Soule &amp; Chaney, 1991)); Hayward &amp; Cook 1979: 89; Soule et al. 1991: 468, pl. 1, fig. 1, pl. 2, figs 1, 2;? d’Hondt &amp; Mascarell 2010b: 320.</p><p>Characodoma protrusum: Cook &amp; Bock 1996: figs 12, 13.</p><p>Material examined. SMF 11545 (3 specimens; St. 230 KD1; Fig. 16.3), SMF 40792 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 16.2, 16.4–6), SMF 40806 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 16.1) .</p><p>Description. Colony base encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 16.1); colonies becoming rigidly erect, multiserial, bilamellar, dichotomously branching (Fig. 16.2); transition from encrusting to erect growth not observed. Zooids arranged quincuncially, separated by broad and distinct furrows. Pore chambers not observed. Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</p><p>Autozooids irregularly polygonal to subhexagonal (Fig. 16.3), 298–482 μm (ẋ = 381 ± 48 µm; CV = 13; N = 45 on 3 specimens) long by 221–385 μm (ẋ = 293 ± 42 µm; CV = 14; N = 45 on 3 specimens) wide. Frontal shield slightly convex, finely tuberculate, irregularly pierced by c. 20 circular (areolar) pores at the margins and proximally (Fig. 16.4). Orifice terminal, keyhole-shaped; anter subcircular, 84–123 μm (ẋ = 100 ± 8 µm; CV = 8; N = 45 on 3 specimens) long by 81–100 μm (ẋ = 89 ± 5 µm; CV = 6; N = 45 on 3 specimens) wide, separated by proximomedially directed condyles from the poster; poster trifoliate, with paired, variably developed indentations proximal to the condyles, well-rounded proximally, 33–52 μm (ẋ = 41 ± 4 µm; CV = 10; N = 45 on 3 specimens) long by 26–47 μm (ẋ = 34 ± 4 µm; CV = 13; N = 45 on 3 specimens) wide (Fig. 16.5). Spine bases not observed. Ovicells hyperstomial, globular, 105–150 μm (ẋ = 132 ± 13 µm; CV = 10; N = 45 on 3 specimens) long by 140–203 μm (ẋ = 172 ± 13 µm; CV = 7; N = 45 on 3 specimens) wide, acleithral; ectooecia finely tuberculate, evenly pierced by circular pseudopores (Fig. 16.4).</p><p>Avicularia monomorphic (Fig. 16.5–6), adventitious, usually single, proximolateral to the orifice, second avicularium (if present) distolateral to the orifice, bilaterally symmetrical, dextral or sinistral, kite-shaped, 90–159 μm (ẋ = 122 ± 14 µm; CV = 11; N = 45 on 3 specimens) long by 75–124 μm (ẋ = 96 ± 10 µm; CV = 11; N = 45 on 3 specimens) wide. Avicularian aperture longitudinally elliptical, 54–99 μm (ẋ = 78 ± 10 µm; CV = 13; N = 45 on 3 specimens) long by 38–78 μm (ẋ = 60 ± 7 µm; CV = 12; N = 45 on 3 specimens) wide; crossbar complete, at about half the avicularian length. Rostrum rounded, slightly elevated, proximally directed.</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Characodoma protrusum (Thornely, 1905) was revised by Soule et al. (1991), who also provided images of the type material. The specimens from the Gulf of Aden closely resemble both this material and additional colonies imaged by Cook &amp; Bock (1996) from Wasini Island, Kenya. However, in the Aden specimens, the trifoliate shape of the poster varies, with indentations proximal to the condyles being inconsistently pronounced and sometimes partially obscured (Fig. 16.3). Despite these minor differences, the Aden specimens are clearly conspecific with Characodoma protrusum, extending the species’ known range into the northwestern Indian Ocean.</p><p>Characodoma protrusum has been reported from multiple regions of the Indian Ocean and was also described from the Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia, by d’Hondt &amp; Mascarell (2010b). However, as no images of the Pacific material were provided, its conspecificity with the Indian Ocean populations remains uncertain. Soule et al. (1991) excluded specimens from the Sulu Sea (North Ubian Island, Philippines) from Characodoma protrusum, and instead described Characodoma suluense, which differs primarily in its kidney-shaped poster lacking indentations, and a frontal shield with fewer areolae. Characodoma biavicularium (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929) from the Sibuyan Sea near Romblon, Philippines, is distinguished by the presence of a second, smaller, proximally positioned avicularium, and both avicularia types in this species are elliptical.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE1553FFC66AFBFD572A8FFE4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE1551FFC46AFBFE522919FE36.text	753087BE1551FFC46AFBFE522919FE36.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mucropetraliella marielou Martha & Scholz 2025	<div><p>Mucropetraliella marielou sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 5782662E-23FD-4B9C-92CA-548D341E8AFE</p><p>(Fig. 17.1–6)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: SMF 1825 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 17.1–2, 17.6) . Paratypes: SMF 1804 (2 specimens; St. 236 KD; A = Fig. 17.3, B = 17.3–4), SMF 40791 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 17.5) .</p><p>Etymology. The species is named in honour of Marie-Louise Tritz, technical assistant at the Senckenberg Research Institute, for her invaluable work during so many SEM sessions.</p><p>Description. Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 17.1). Zooids arranged quincuncially, separated by salient rims. Pore chambers not observed. Ancestrula autozooidal, budding three autozooids distally and laterally (Fig. 17.2).</p><p>Autozooids irregularly polygonal to subrectangular, 717–1251 μm (ẋ = 923 ± 109 µm; CV = 12; N = 51 on 4 specimens) long by 397–885 μm (ẋ = 601 ± 116 µm; CV = 19; N = 51 on 4 specimens) wide (Fig. 17.3). Frontal shield convex, strongly raised around mucro, evenly pierced by&gt; 70 circular pores. Orifice transversely elliptical, obscured by mucro proximally; condyles and lyrula not observed in material examined (Fig. 17.3). Mucro suboral, projecting outwardly, pointing, often broken and incompletely preserved (Fig. 17.4). Secondary orifice roundedrectangular, 168–294 μm (ẋ = 231 ± 27 µm; CV = 12; N = 29 on 4 specimens) long by 229–330 μm (ẋ = 289 ± 25 µm; CV = 9; N = 29 on 4 specimens) wide (Fig. 17.5). Spine bases absent. Ovicells hyperstomial, globular, 346–381 μm (ẋ = 365 ± 15 µm; CV = 4; N = 4 on 1 specimen) long by 407–471 μm (ẋ = 445 ± 27 µm; CV = 6; N = 4 on 1 specimen) wide; ectooecia densely pierced by tiny, circular pores (Fig. 17.6).</p><p>Avicularia monomorphic, adventitious, single or paired, located lateral to the secondary orifice, bilaterally symmetrical, longitudinally elliptical, 92–136 μm (ẋ = 108 ± 10 µm; CV = 9; N = 39 on 4 specimens) long by 59–105 μm (ẋ = 82 ± 11 µm; CV = 13; N = 39 on 4 specimens) wide (Fig. 17.4–6). Avicularian aperture centrally located, longitudinally elliptical, occupying most of avicularian frontal; crossbar complete, at about half the avicularian length. Rostrum rounded, strongly elevated, proximolaterally directed. No other avicularia observed in studied material .</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Mucropetraliella marielou sp. nov. has an unbranched mucro, and the species lacks oral spine bases (Fig. 17.4), which are common in many species currently assigned to the genus. For example, the widespread species Mucropetraliella thenardii Audouin, 1826, has a complex, branched mucro that is associated with avicularia (see figures in Harmelin 2014). The latter species has been described from the northern Red Sea (Balavoine, 1959) and was mentioned in a faunal list from the Sudanese coast (Dumont 1981, p. 635). It has become a widely reported species from the northwestern Indian Ocean, and was later found along the coasts of the southeastern Mediterranean Sea (Harmelin 2014).</p><p>On the other hand, Mucropetraliella ellerii (MacGillivray, 1869), type species of the genus, from the coasts off Victoria, Australia, has a small, unbranched mucro, which more closely resembles the mucro in Mucropetraliella marielou sp. nov., and likewise lacks oral spine bases. However, the mucro in Mucropetraliella ellerii is infrequently associated with a large, proximolateral avicularium (Bock 1982, fig. 9.16a; Sanjay et al. 2024b, fig. 8), thus differing from our new species, in which avicularia are found only lateral to the orifice (Fig. 17.5), but never on the frontal shield proximolateral to the mucro.</p><p>Other species described from the northwestern realm of the Indian Ocean include Mucropetraliella stemmatum Sanjay, Venkatraman, Shrinivaasu &amp; Louis, 2024, and Mucropetraliella philippinensis (Canu &amp; Bassler, 1929) from the waters around southern India, and Mucropetraliella laccadivensis (Robertson, 1921) from the Lakshadweep Sea. Mucropetraliella stemmatum has a tripartite mucro associated with avicularia that is comparable to that in Mucropetraliella thenardii . Mucropetraliella philippinensis was first recorded from Indian waters by Menon &amp; Nair (1967) and imaged by Sanjay et al. (2024b). It has oral spines and a large adventitious avicularium proximolateral to the unbranched mucro. Mucropetraliella laccadivensis has never been reimaged since its first description. Judging from the original drawing provided by Robertson (1921) it may be synonymous with Mucropetraliella thenardii, as it has a tripartite mucro and large adventitious avicularia proximolateral to the mucro.</p><p>Another notable species is Mucropetraliella malwanensis Sonar, Wayal &amp; Badve, 2021 from Quaternary deposits of Akshi and other localities along the Konkan Coast, Maharashtra, India. This species most closely resembles Mucropetraliella marielou sp. nov. as it has a short, unbranched mucro and paired avicularia lateral to the orifice. However, the avicularia in Mucropetraliella malwanensis are usually much smaller and only occasionally enlarged. Furthermore, they may occur occasionally in other positions on the frontal shield and the mucro often bears a short medial avicularium.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE1551FFC46AFBFE522919FE36	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE1557FFC36AFBFE1A2881F8E3.text	753087BE1557FFC36AFBFE1A2881F8E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Porina australiensis (Haswell 1880)	<div><p>Porina australiensis (Haswell, 1880)</p><p>(Fig. 18.1–5)</p><p>Myriozoum australiense Haswell, 1880: 43, pl. III, figs 9–11.</p><p>Haswellia australiensis: Busk 1884: 172, pl. XXIV, fig. 9A–H; Levinsen 1909: 297, pl. XVI, fig. 2a–b; Canu 1913: 444; Waters 1913: 511; Canu &amp; Bassler 1920: figs 148C, 150A–K; Marcus 1921: 18; Robertson 1921: 59; Marcus 1922: 434; Canu &amp; Bassler 1929: 281, text-fig. 44C, pl. 30, figs 6–9; Lu 1991: pl. II, figs 7, 8.</p><p>Porina australiensis: Di Martino &amp; Taylor 2018: 39, figs 116–119.</p><p>Spiroporina vertebralis: partim Harmer 1957: 847, pl. LVI, figs 1–6; non Spiroporina vertebralis Stoliczka, 1865 .</p><p>Margaretta watersii: Symphonia &amp; Nathan 2022: fig. 5.3–4; non Tubucellaria watersi Canu &amp; Bassler, 1930 .</p><p>Material examined. SMF 40787 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 18.4), SMF 40796 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 18.2), SMF 40810 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 18.1, 18.3, 18.5), SMF 61357 (2 specimens; St. 236 KD) .</p><p>Description. Colonies rigidly erect, cylindrical, multiserial, dichotomously branching (Fig. 18.1–3).Autozooidal outlines not evident frontally (Fig. 18.2). Zooidal peristomes form whorls of six, arranged in alternating, longitudinal series along cylindrical branches. Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</p><p>Frontal shield flat, evenly pierced by longitudinally elliptical or circular pseudopores arranged in longitudinal rows, weakly raised proximal to the peristome and strongly raised on all other sides of peristome (Fig. 18.4). Spiramina non-projecting, single; outer opening located at the base of peristome, circular to longitudinally elliptical, 41–75 μm (ẋ = 57 ± 8 µm; CV = 14; N = 38 on 3 specimens) long by 35–70 μm (ẋ = 48 ± 7 µm; CV = 15; N = 38 on 3 specimens) wide. Primary orifice obscured by peristome; condyles not observed. Peristome salient, evenly pierced by longitudinally elliptical or circular pseudopores arranged in longitudinal rows (Fig. 18.5). Secondary orifice circular, 108–178 μm (ẋ = 141 ± 19 µm; CV = 13; N = 42 on 3 specimens) in diameter. Spine bases and ovicells not observed.</p><p>Avicularia monomorphic, adventitious, located in elliptical pores at equal proximolateral distance between two peristomes, bilaterally symmetrical, ovate, 48–79 μm (ẋ = 61 ± 8 µm; CV = 13; N = 36 on 3 specimens) long by 25–59 μm (ẋ = 39 ± 8 µm; CV = 21; N = 36 on 3 specimens) wide; crossbar complete, located at about one-third the avicularian length (Fig. 18.4). Rostrum spatulate, elevated, proximally directed.</p><p>Kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Porina australiensis is widely reported from Australian waters and the Coral Triangle. Waters (1913) was the first to document this species from the western Indian Ocean, but without providing illustrations of his specimens from the coast of Wasini Island, Kenya. Non-type material of Porina australiensis from Wednesday Island, Queensland, Australia was recently imaged by Di Martino &amp; Taylor (2018, figs 120–123). The colony from Torres Strait closely resembles our specimens from the Gulf of Aden and Bab-el-Mandeb Strait, though the autozooids appear shorter. Additionally, we did not observe peristomial avicularia in our specimens; however, this may be due to preservational issues, as the peristomes are all incompletely preserved. Single (Fig. 18.5) or paired (Fig. 18.4) hollows at the proximal margin of the peristome may represent remnants of avicularia.</p><p>Canu &amp; Bassler (1917) subsequently selected Porina australiensis as the type species of the genus Haswellina Livingstone, 1928, a replacement name for the pre-occupied Haswellia Busk, 1884 . The validity of Haswellina was debated (e.g., Uttley 1956; Brown 1958), particularly regarding whether it was a junior synonym of either Spiroporina Stoliczka, 1865, or Porina . Ultimately, Gordon &amp; d’Hondt (1997) considered both Haswellina and Spiroporina to be subjective junior synonyms of Porina, rendering Porina australiensis type species of an invalid genus.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE1557FFC36AFBFE1A2881F8E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE1556FFC06AFBFAC82B79FE6E.text	753087BE1556FFC06AFBFAC82B79FE6E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Smittina smittiella Osburn 1947	<div><p>Smittina cf. smittiella Osburn, 1947</p><p>(Fig. 19.1–4)</p><p>Smittina smittiella: Sanjay et al. 2020: 39, fig. 19 (non Smittina smittiella Osburn, 1947).</p><p>Material examined. SMF 40785 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 19.1, 19.3), SMF 10731 (2 specimens; St. 283 KU; A = Fig. 19.4, B = Fig. 19.2) .</p><p>Description. Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 19.1). Zooids arranged quincuncially, separated by salient rims. Septula inside vertical walls monoporous, circular. Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</p><p>Autozooids irregularly polygonal to subhexagonal, 360–547 μm (ẋ = 447 ± 46 µm; CV = 10; N = 45 on 3 specimens) long by 232–493 μm (ẋ = 327 ± 46 µm; CV = 14; N = 45 on 3 specimens) wide (Fig. 19.2). Frontal shield cryptocystidean, flat, evenly pierced by&gt; 50 circular pores. Primary orifice horseshoe-shaped, cormidial, with bifurcated, anvil-shaped lyrula located proximally (Fig. 19.3); condyles not observed. Peristome salient, terminal, non-porous, pustulose. Secondary orifice squircle-shaped, 96–171 μm (ẋ = 124 ± 15 µm; CV = 12; N = 45 on 3 specimens) long by 98–144 μm (ẋ = 117 ± 10 µm; CV = 9; N = 45 on 3 specimens) wide. Spine bases not observed. Ovicells hyperstomial, globular, 112–194 μm (ẋ = 144 ± 18 µm; CV = 12; N = 42 on 3 specimens) long by 179–238 μm (ẋ = 206 ± 15 µm; CV = 7; N = 42 on 3 specimens) wide; ectooecia evenly pierced by 20–30 circular pores, indistinct from frontal shield pores.</p><p>Avicularia monomorphic, peristomial, located within secondary orifice vertically above the lyrula, rectangular with rounded corners, serrated proximally with approximately six triangular denticles, 30–51 μm (ẋ = 41 ± 5 µm; CV = 12; N = 42 on 3 specimens) wide, bilaterally symmetrical (Fig. 19.4). Avicularian aperture centrally located, rectangular, occupying most of avicularian frontal; crossbar complete, at about one-third the avicularian length.</p><p>Kenozooids polymorphous, irregularly interspersed among autozooids, pierced by circular pores proximally and centrally, non-porous distally (Fig. 19.2).</p><p>Remarks. Our material of Smittina cf. smittiella from the Gulf of Aden closely resembles the specimen illustrated by Sanjay et al. (2020) as Smittina smittiella Osburn, 1947, from Rathnagiri, Maharashtra, India. In this species, there is only one type of avicularium that is confined to the secondary orifice, located vertically above the lyrula (Fig. 19.4). This contrasts with most other species of Smittina, in which additional adventitious avicularia may be present in the (proximo)lateral corners of the secondary orifice or on the frontal shield.</p><p>The true Smittina smittiella was originally described from the Caribbean Sea (Osburn 1947), and subsequently revised and re-illustrated from Brazilian material by Farias et al. (2020). Compared to the northwestern Indian Ocean specimens, the pseudopores in Smittina smittiella are located inside depressions that are typically overlain by a nodular network of secondary calcification. Additionally, one (or rarely two) small avicularia may occasionally occur in the proximolateral corners of the secondary orifice. Due to these morphological differences, we prefer to refer our material to open nomenclature.</p><p>A further comparable species is Smittina nitidissima (Hincks, 1880a), originally described from Madeira, Portugal, but also reported from the Red Sea (Ostrovsky et al. 2011). Smittina nitidissima and Smittina smittiella are morphologically very similar and have been considered part of a species complex that includes also Smittina malleolus (Hincks, 1884) (see Farias et al. 2020).According to these authors, Smittina nitidissima typically possesses a greater number of additional avicularia around the secondary orifice than Smittina smittiella . Other distinguishing features include differences in the shape of the primary orifice and in the number of denticles associated with the avicularium above the lyrula. Ultimately, only a re-examination of the type material will allow the establishment of more robust species concepts. In light of such a revision, the material from the Gulf of Aden and the Arabian Sea may well represent a distinct, as-yet undescribed species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE1556FFC06AFBFAC82B79FE6E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
753087BE1554FFFF6AFBFD1E2BA2FE4A.text	753087BE1554FFFF6AFBFD1E2BA2FE4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Parasmittina karlae Martha & Scholz 2025	<div><p>Parasmittina karlae sp. nov.</p><p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: B9211284-693E-47C5-84D7-016F7EBD00D2</p><p>(Fig. 20.1–4)</p><p>Material examined. Holotype: SMF 40790 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 20.1, 20.3–4) . Paratype: SMF 10732 (St. 283 KU; Fig. 20.2). Additional material: SMF 40803 (St. 283 KU).</p><p>Etymology. Named for the step-granddaughter of the second author, Karla Samadian (born 09 April 2017).</p><p>Description. Colonies encrusting, multiserial, unilamellar (Fig. 20.1). Zooids arranged quincuncially, separated by distinct furrows. Septula inside vertical walls monoporous, elliptical. Ancestrula and early astogeny not observed.</p><p>Autozooids subhexagonal to irregularly polygonal, 229–387 μm (ẋ = 315 ± 35 µm; CV = 11; N = 40 on 3 specimens) long by 191–312 μm (ẋ = 255 ± 32 µm; CV = 13; N = 40 on 3 specimens) wide (Fig. 20.2). Frontal shield flat, smooth or slightly pustulose. Areolar pores marginal, elliptical to slit-like. Primary orifice semielliptical, 61–92 μm (ẋ = 79 ± 6 µm; CV = 7; N = 40 on 3 specimens) long by 61–86 μm (ẋ = 71 ± 5 µm; CV = 7; N = 40 on 3 specimens) wide, proximally partially obscured by asymmetrical peristome, bearing a median lyrula proximally; pairwise, claw-like condyles at about one-third the orifice length, curved inwards towards the proximal margin of the peristome (Fig. 20.3). Peristome developed proximal to spine bases as prominent lateral lappets. Oral spine bases numbering seven in both ovicellate and non-ovicellate autozooids, distolateral and lateral to the orifice (Fig. 20.3). Ovicells hyperstomial, globular, formed by maternal zooid and distal zooid(s), 116–156 μm (ẋ = 139 ± 9 µm; CV = 6; N = 33 on 3 specimens) long by 140–189 μm (ẋ = 166 ± 13 µm; CV = 8; N = 33 on 3 specimens) wide; ectooecia partly covered by variably developed secondary calcification from distal zooid(s), pierced by 20–30 circular or teardrop-shaped pores, smooth and with occasional striae (Fig. 20.4).</p><p>Avicularia and kenozooids not observed.</p><p>Remarks. Parasmittina is among the most speciose cheilostome genera, with nearly 200 distinct species occurring circumglobally. However, the type material of its type species, Parasmittina Jeffreysi (Norman, 1876), originally reported from Baffin Bay west of Qeqertarsuaq, Greenland, has never been imaged. Powell (1968) and Winston &amp; Hayward (2012) provided images of specimens they identified as Parasmittina Jeffreysi from the Bay of Fundy, and the coasts of New Hampshire and Maine, USA, respectively.</p><p>From the Gulf of Aden, we describe Parasmittina karlae sp. nov., which is notable for two key characteristics: (1) the absence of adventitious avicularia and (2) the presence of seven oral spine bases (Fig. 20.3). The number of spine bases remains consistent across all autozooids; however, in fertile autozooids, the distalmost spine bases become covered by the proximal margin of the ovicell when the ectooecium remains intact (Fig. 20.4).</p><p>The new species differs from other known species of Parasmittina in that it appears to lack adventitious (and/or vicarious) avicularia (see Table 10 in Farias et al. 2024 for a comprehensive key of diagnostic characters of most Parasmittina species). However, the possibility of adventitious avicularia in Parasmittina karlae sp. nov. cannot entirely be ruled out, as additional material from the Gulf of Aden may reveal their presence. Most Parasmittina species possess only one to four oral spine bases, with only a few species exhibiting a higher count. Among these, Parasmittina glabra Gordon &amp; d’Hondt, 1997, from the northern Norfolk Ridge in the Pacific Ocean, has seven to eight oral spine bases. However, this species differs in having a peristome with a median sinus proximal to the lyrula and consistently occurring proximolateral avicularia.</p><p>Ostrovsky et al. (2011) listed 15–16 Parasmittina species from the Red Sea based on previous literature, including several species in open nomenclature or yet to be formally described, while Scholz et al. (2001) listed four Parasmittina species from the Socotra Archipelago. Among the previously imaged Parasmittina species, only Parasmittina serrula Soule &amp; Soule, 1973, has been reported with up to six oral spine bases. Originally described from the Hawaiian Islands, USA, and later recorded by Scholz (2000) from the Gulf of Aqaba, this species features small, circular areolar pores and paired lateral avicularia. Most other Parasmittina species from the Red Sea, including the widespread Parasmittina egyptiaca (Waters, 1909) (see Abdelsalam 2016), commonly exhibit frequent adventitious avicularia and no more than three oral spine bases.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/753087BE1554FFFF6AFBFD1E2BA2FE4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Martha, Silviu O.;Scholz, Joachim	Martha, Silviu O., Scholz, Joachim (2025): Shallow-water bryozoans collected during R. V. Meteor expedition 5 / 2 “ MINDIK ” from the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait and Gulf of Aden, along the coasts of Djibouti and Yemen. Zootaxa 5689 (2): 201-243, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5689.2.1
