identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
796B87A8FFDE8552767CFB01FE50FC3F.text	796B87A8FFDE8552767CFB01FE50FC3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Arundinella setosa Trin., Gram. Panic.	<div><p>Arundinella setosa Trin., Gram. Panic. 63. 1826 var. setosa; Bor, Grasses Burma, Ceylon, India &amp; Pakistan 424. 1960; Karthik. et al., Fl. Ind. Enum. Monocot. 187. 1989; Veldkamp, Blum. 59: 174. 2015. Type: NEPAL, s.d., Lindley s.n. (LE). Fig. 2</p><p>Perennials. Culms 40–50 cm long, tufted, caespitose; nodes glabrous; internodes 2.5–8 cm long, terete, glabrous. Leaf blades 10–15 × 0.2–0.5 cm, linear-lanceolate, apex acute, ventral surface scabrid, margins serrulate with few long hairs; ligules membranous with long hairs at apex and back, hairs up to 0.5 mm long, mouth bearded with up to 1 mm long hairs; leaf sheaths 2.5–4 cm long, margins with up to 2 mm long hairs. Peduncles 12–22 cm long. Inflorescence an effuse panicle, 8–12 cm long; racemes alternate; spikelets paired, similar, 4.8–5.2 × 0.5–1 mm long, lanceolate, awned; pedicels short and long, triquetrous, ridges scabrid; short pedicels 1.5–5 mm long; long pedicels 3–10 mm long. Lower glumes 3.8–5 × 0.5–0.8 mm, lanceolate, chartaceous, glabrous, apex attenuate or acuminate; 3-veined, mid vein keeled or sometimes one lateral vein also keeled, keels scabrid; margins entire, open. Upper glumes 4–5 × c. 1 mm, lanceolate, chartaceous, scabrid dorsally from upper middle to apex, apex acuminate with usually bifid tip; margins entire, open. Florets 2: lower male, upper bisexual. Lower lemma 3–3.2 × 0.5–0.7 mm, lanceolate, boat shaped, chartaceous, glabrous,</p><p>apex bifid; 3-veined, laterally compressed towards upper middle to apex, margins entire, open. Lower palea 2.8–3 × 0.4–0.5 mm, lanceolate, membranous to chartaceous, apex minutely fimbriate, 2-keeled,</p><p>keels minutely winged, scabrid; margins ciliolate from middle to apex, infolded. Stamens 3, anthers</p><p>1–1.2 × c. 0.2 mm, yellow, filaments 0.4–0.5 mm long. Upper lemma 1.9–2.1 × 0.4–0.5 mm, lanceolate, chartaceous to membranous, apex with</p><p>2 lateral setae; setae 1–2 mm long, scabrid; awned,</p><p>awn 4–5 mm long, geniculate; column 1–2 mm long, awn arises between two setae; margins entire,</p><p>open. Upper palea 2–2.2 × c. 0.3 mm, lanceolate,</p><p>boat shaped, chartaceous to membranous, dorsally scabrid; apex minutely bifid; 2-keeled; margins serrulate towards upper middle to apex, base flapped, infolded. Stamens 3, as above in lower florets. Ovary 0.2–0.3 × c. 0.1 mm, oblong; style 2</p><p>0.5–0.7 mm long; stigma 2, 0.8–1 mm long, plumose; lodicules 2, 2 mm long, membranous.</p><p>Flowering &amp; fruiting: Flowering and fruiting from August to February.</p><p>Habitat: The species was observed mostly in hilly areas along rocky slopes with some associated angiosperms, such as Schizostachyum andamanicum M.Kumar &amp; Remesh. ( Poaceae), Memecylon sp. ( Melastomataceae), Grewia sp. ( Malvaceae), and Phyllanthus andamanicus Balakr. &amp; N.G.Nair ( Phyllanthaceae).</p><p>Distribution: India, Australia, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Nepal, Philippines, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam.</p><p>Specimens examined: INDIA, Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Andaman Island, Middle Andaman, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.95707&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.572375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.95707/lat 12.572375)">Panchvati</a>, N 12°34'20.55", E 92°57' 25.47", 14.11.2018, Reshma Lakra 86458 (CAL, PBL). Andhra Pradesh, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=92.95707&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=12.572375" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 92.95707/lat 12.572375)">Kurnool district</a>, 10.12.1963 , J.L. Ellis 18057 (CAL). Karnataka, Ramanagara district, Narayanadurga state forests, 19.12.1978 , K. R. Keshava Murty &amp; K.P. Murthy 5081 (CAL). Kerala, Kannur district, Kuthupuramba, 20.02.1978 , V.S. Ramachandran 5410 (CAL). Meghalaya, Shillong, Naga Hills, Dec. 1907 , A. Meebold 7497 (CAL). Odisha, Nigirdah, 18.02.1958 , G. Panigrahi 12572 (CAL). Tamil Nadu, Coimbatore district, Manimuthar bridge falls, 26.06.1975 , K.M. Sebastine 3668 (CAL) . BURMA, Maymyo plateau, 25.09.1911 . J.H. Lace 5428 (CAL) .</p><p>Notes: Arundinella setosa closely resembles A. nervosa (Roxb.) Nees ex Hook. &amp; Arn. in general appearance, but differs mainly by its perennial habit against the annual habit in A. nervosa . Fischer (1934) treated A. nervosa as a synonym of A. setosa in the Flora of the Presidency of Madras. However, some of the characteristic features of A. nervosa, such as up to 25 cm long panicles, acute to caudate upper glumes, up to 2 mm long setae of the upper lemma, and up to 4 mm long awn column distinguish it from A. setosa that has a panicle of up to 13 cm long, acuminate upper glume, up to 3 mm long setae of the upper lemma, and up to 4.3 mm long column. Thus, they were regarded as distinct species in recent publications (Kabeer &amp; Nair, 2009; Potdar et al., 2012; Veldkamp, 2015).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/796B87A8FFDE8552767CFB01FE50FC3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	R., Lakra;P., Kumari;Mondal, S.	R., Lakra, P., Kumari, Mondal, S. (2022): Arundinella setosa var. setosa (Poaceae): a new record for Andaman and Nicobar Islands, India. Rheedea 32 (2): 131-134, DOI: 10.22244/rheedea.2022.32.02.04
