identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
442BF91EEB6A52DFADE134A5B4ED4F6C.text	442BF91EEB6A52DFADE134A5B4ED4F6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Munidopsis longispinosa Cubelio, Tsuchida & Watanabe 2007	<div><p>Munidopsis longispinosa Cubelio, Tsuchida &amp; Watanabe, 2007</p><p>Figs 5, 6</p><p>Munidopsis longispinosa Cubelio, Tsuchida &amp; Watanabe, 2007 c: 5, figs 3 b, 5 (type locality: Hatoma Knoll, Okinawa Trough).</p><p>Munidopsis verrilli Dong and Li 2015: 94, figs 3, 6, 8 C (not Munidopsis verrilli Benedict, 1902).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Southern East China Sea – Okinawa Trough, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.28333/lat 22.116667)">Tangyin hydrothermal vent field</a> • 1 male (26.4 mm); 25°04'N, 122°34'E; 1219 m depth; 7 May 2014; collected by television grab, R/V Kexue; GenBank no.: PX 111642; MBM 287955 . Northeastern South China Sea – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.28333&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=22.116667" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.28333/lat 22.116667)">Site F cold seep field</a>; 22°7'N, 119°17'E; 1160 m depth; collected by Faxian ROV of R/V Kexue • 1 female (20.8 mm); 16 Mar. 2014; MBM 189174 • 1 female (14.3 mm), 4 males (9.2–23.1 mm), 6 ovigerous females (15.6–29.0 mm); 3 Jun 2020; GenBank no.: PX 111640; MBM 287956 • 5 males (15.1–32.1 mm); 9 Jun 2021; GenBank no.: PX 111641; MBM 287957 • 1 male (17.2 mm); Jun 2021; MBM 287958 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Carapace: distinctly longer than broad (excluding rostrum). Frontal margins oblique, antennal spine well developed. Lateral margins subparallel, sparsely setose; anterolateral spine relatively short, anteriorly directed; anterior branchial margin with 3 (rarely 4) spines; posterior branchial margin with spine at end of posterior cervical groove. Posterior margin slightly concave, with elevated submarginal ridge. Dorsal surface with regions moderately defined, covered with short, transverse rugae; rugae longer and more strongly elevated on posterior branchial region, bearing short setae particularly dense on lateral branchial region; cervical groove deep. Gastric region strongly elevated, with pair of epigastric spines. Cardiac region with deep, transverse median groove, posterior cardiac region slightly elevated. Intestinal region weakly delineated. Rostrum narrowly triangular, nearly horizontal, ~ 0.2 remaining carapace length, 1.7 × longer than broad; dorsal surface smoothly carinate. Pterygostomial flaps with oblique rugae on surface, anterior end blunt.</p><p>Sternum: approximately as long as broad, widening posteriorly. Sternite 3 1.7 × broader than long, divided into 2 parts by longitudinal median groove; anterior margin with median notch, bearing small lateral tooth. Sternite 4 distinctly broader than long; anterolateral margin denticulate; anterior part narrow, with longitudinal median groove; ventral surface depressed medially and with some short rugae. Sternites 5–7 separated by transverse ridges, with interrupted longitudinal median groove.</p><p>Pleon: tergites smooth, unarmed. Tergites 2–4 each with 2 transverse ridges bearing dense setae anteriorly, posterior ridge on tergite 4 relatively low and medially interrupted. Tergite 5 smooth, without distinct groove and ridge. Tergite 6 with straight posteromedian margin. Telson composed of 10 distinct plates.</p><p>Eye: eyestalk immovable. Peduncle short, broader than cornea. Mesial eyespine elongated, anteriorly or anterolaterally directed, reaching to distal 0.4 of rostrum. Lateral eyespine short, sometimes with affiliated smaller spines. Cornea globular.</p><p>Antennule: article 1 longer than broad; distal margin with strong ventrolateral spine and relatively small dorsolateral spine; lateral surface slightly inflated, with oblique groove extending from base of dorsolateral distal spine to median part of ventral surface; mesial margin straight.</p><p>Antenna: peduncle thick, nearly reaching to level of midlength of rostrum. Article 1 with strong distomesial spine reaching distal margin of article 2 and short distolateral spines reaching midlength of article 2. Article 2 armed with short distolateral spine reaching midlength of article 3. Article 3 subrectangular, unarmed. Article 4 short.</p><p>Mxp 3: ischium slightly shorter than merus; disto-flexor corner with acute spine; crista dentata well-developed. Merus with extensor margin convex, armed with strong disto-extensor spine; flexor margin with 3 small teeth; lateral surface with sparse short rugae. Carpus with few short rugae on lateral surface. Propodus short, flexor margins convex.</p><p>P 1: subequal, moderately stout, ~ 1.7 × longer than pcl, covered with numerous stiff setae on surfaces and margins. Ischium ~ 0.6 merus length, dorsodistal margin with acute spine; ventrodistal margin produced, with strong subterminal spine; surfaces covered with short rugae. Merus ~ 1 / 2 of pcl, with short, transverse rugae on surfaces; distal margin with strong dorsal, dorsomesial, ventromesial and ventrolateral spines: dorsal spine followed by row of spines along midline of dorsal surface, ventromesial spine followed by 2 strong median spines; mesial surface smooth. Carpus half of merus length, longer than broad; surfaces with short rugae; distal margin with dorsal, dorsomesial, dorsolateral and lateral spines, dorsomesial spine strongest, followed by 1 or 2 spines along dorsomesial margin. Chela compressed dorsoventrally, palm ~ 0.6 merus length, 1.1 × longer than broad, with short rugae on surfaces; lateral margin slightly convex; mesial margin armed with 3 (rarely 1 or 2) spines. Dactylus 1.4 × palm length, with tufts of short setae on margins and surfaces; occlusal margins weakly serrated and distally spooned, with low triangular process on distal third of fixed finger.</p><p>P 2–4: slender; margins and surfaces bearing dense long, stiff setae, lateral surface with short scale-like rugae. P 2 ~ 1.9 × pcl, reaching base of P 1 dactylus. Meri subequal in width on P 2–4, decreasing in length posteriorly; P 2 merus 0.7 × pcl and 4.8 × longer than broad, P 3 and P 4 meri ~ 0.9 and 0.8 length of P 2 merus, respectively; extensor margin armed with row of spines decreasing in size proximally; flexor margin rugose, with strong distal spine. Carpi subequal in length on P 2–4, ~ 0.4 P 2 merus length; extensor margin ridged, with strong distal spine; lateral surface with low, submarginal ridge along extensor margin, ending in short distal spine; flexor margin with acute distal spine. Propodi subequal in width on P 2–4; P 2 propodus subequal or slightly longer than P 3 and P 4 propodi, 0.8 P 2 merus length, and 6.5 × longer than broad; extensor margin unarmed; flexor margin distally with pair of small but distinct corneous spines. Dactyli ~ 1 / 2 propodus length; extensor proximally straight, distal claw strongly curving; flexor margin straight, with 14 or 15 movable corneous spines on distal 0.8 length, each spine of distal half margin present on low, broad triangular tooth, ultimate spine closer to penultimate spine than to distal claw.</p><p>P 1 –4 without epipods.</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Entirely whitish.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Chemosynthetic environments: cold seeps and hydrothermal vents.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Northeastern South China Sea and Okinawa Trough, southern East China Sea; depth 1160–1481 m.</p><p>Genetics.</p><p>The genetic distance between M. longispinosa and M. verrilli from southern California is 12.8 % – 14.6 %. No genetic distances between specimens of M. longispinosa from the Okinawa Trough and the Site F site (Table 2).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Cubelio et al. (2007 c) described M. longispinosa based only on the male holotype collected from the hydrothermal-vent field of the Hatoma Knoll in the Okinawa Trough. Our specimens share several key morphological features with the holotype, including the presence of a pair of epigastric spines and five lateral marginal spines of the carapace, and elongated mesial eyespine. However, the original description and figures lacked details on the spination of the P 1 merus and carpus. In addition, the holotype was described to have small accessory spines (tubercles) near the epigastric spines, a row of flexor spines on the P 2–4 meri, and unarmed flexor margins on the P 2–4 propodi (Cubelio et al. 2007 c); these characters contrast with our material. Actually, judging from the figures provided by Cubelio et al. (2007 c), the holotype seems to lack the accessory gastric spines (tubercles) and the flexor spines on the P 2 merus. In our specimens, tuberculate rugae may occur on the gastric region and the flexor margins of the P 2–4 meri, but they never form distinct spines. The distal pair of corneous spines on the flexor margin of the P 2–4 propodi are exceptionally small and easily overlooked. The holotype and other Hatoma Knoll material are unavailable for further morphological and genetic comparison, but given the general morphological similarity and the close proximity of the Tangyin hydrothermal field to the Hatoma Knoll, we still assign our specimens to M. longispinosa . The observed morphological differences from the holotype are likely attributable to intraspecific variation and insufficient original description.</p><p>The specimens of M. longispinosa from the Site F seep were previously misidentified as M. verrilli (Dong and Li 2015) because they both have a pair of epigastric spines only on the carapace dorsal surface, a row of five spines on the carapace lateral margin, unarmed rostrum, mesial and lateral eyespines, and P 2 not reaching the distal end of P 1. Munidopsis longispinosa can be readily distinguished from M. verrilli in the following characters: the mesial eyespine is slender and reaches distal ~ 0.4–0.5 of the rostrum, the lateral cardiac regions of the carapace are ill-defined, the P 1 merus has two rows of spines (median spines are absent on the mesial surface), the P 1 carpus has four spines on the distal margin (an additional spine is present on the distolateral margin), and the flexor margin of P 2–4 propodi has a pair of distal corneous spines only. In M. verrilli, the mesial eyespine is short and only reaches the proximal 0.3–0.4 of the rostrum, the lateral cardiac regions of the carapace are elevated, the P 1 merus has three rows of spines (distinct median spines are present on the mesial surface), the P 1 carpus has three spines on the distal margin (a spine is absent on the distolateral margin), and the flexor margin of P 2–4 propodi has three corneous spines including the distal pair. Other minor differences of M. longispinosa from M. verrilli include thicker, stiffer setae on the P 1, three (rarely one or two) instead of usually two spines on the mesial margin of the P 1 palm, and small instead of strong spines on the extensor margin of the P 2–4 carpi.</p><p>Dong and Li (2015) pointed out that the Site F material was different from M. verrilli in having six spines on the carapace lateral margin, including the anterolateral spine. However, the number of the spines seems variable: the fourth lateral spine may bear an accessory spine, giving the appearance of six. The shape of the rostrum is likewise variable in M. longispinosa, ranging from short and broadly triangular to slender and narrow (somewhat spiniform).</p><p>Munidopsis longispinosa is also similar to M. asiatica from the Sea of Okhotsk, which was proposed as a junior synonym of M. similis by Rodríguez-Flores et al. (2023). Munidopsis longispinosa is different from the latter in having ill-defined lateral cardiac regions of the carapace, two rows of spines on the P 1 merus and relatively smaller spines on the extensor margin of P 2–4 carpi (Smith 1885; Marin 2020; Rodríguez-Flores et al. 2023). Additionally, both M. asiatica and M. similis seem to have three distal spines on the P 1 carpus judging from the photos of the specimens (Marin 2020; Rodríguez-Flores et al. 2023). The armature on the flexor margin of the P 2–4 propodi is unclear in M. similis but it was illustrated distally unarmed in M. asiatica (Marin 2020), a character rather unusual in Munidopsis species.</p><p>Munidopsis longispinosa therefore appears endemic to the chemosynthetic habitats in two regions: the Site F cold seep in the northern South China Sea and the hydrothermal fields in the Okinawa Trough, southern East China Sea.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/442BF91EEB6A52DFADE134A5B4ED4F6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dong, Dong;Seid, Charlotte A.;Li, Xinzheng;Rouse, Greg W.	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
912ACF519E3E58E69E3E8A26461BDE60.text	912ACF519E3E58E69E3E8A26461BDE60.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Munidopsis ryukyuensis Cubelio, Tsuchida & Watanabe 2007	<div><p>Munidopsis ryukyuensis Cubelio, Tsuchida &amp; Watanabe, 2007</p><p>Figs 2, 3, 4 A – D, I – L, O – R, U</p><p>Munidopsis ryukyuensis Cubelio, Tsuchida &amp; Watanabe, 2007 c: 5, figs 3 b, 5 (type locality Hatoma Knoll).</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>Southern East China Sea – Okinawa Trough, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.46667/lat 16.733334)">Lion Chimney hydrothermal vent field</a> • 2 males (17.1–19.7 mm); 24°51'N, 122°42'E; 1374 m depth; 25 Aug. 2016; collected by television grab, R/V Kexue; GenBank no.: PX 111638; MBM 287952 . Northern South China Sea – <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=110.46667&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=16.733334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 110.46667/lat 16.733334)">Haima cold seep field</a>; 16°44'N, 110°28'E • 2 males (16.1–23.8 mm), 1 ovigerous female (14.2 mm); 1387 m depth; 8 Oct. 2024; ROV Faxian of R/V Kexue; GenBank nos: PX 111635 – PX 111637; MBM 287953 • 2 females (16.8–21.4 mm), 1 male (16.0 mm); 1380–1390 m depth; 18–19 May 2018; collected by manned submersible Shenhai Yongshi of R/V Tansuo 1; MBM 287954 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Carapace: distinctly longer than broad (excluding rostrum). Frontal margins oblique, antennal spine absent or reduced as blunt process. Lateral margins subparallel or slightly divergent posteriorly; anterolateral spine small or absent; anterior branchial margin with strong spine at end of anterior cervical groove; posterior branchial margin with short elevated ridge at end of posterior cervical groove. Posterior margin straight, with uninterrupted submarginal ridge. Dorsal surface hairless, covered with numerous short, transverse rugae; rugae longer and more strongly elevated on posterior branchial region; cervical groove deep. Gastric region strongly elevated, with pair of low epigastric ridges. Cardiac region with deep, transverse median groove, posterior cardiac region weakly delineated, subtriangular. Rostrum narrow, triangular and horizontal, ~ 0.3 remaining carapace length, 2.3 × longer than broad; carinate dorsally. Pterygostomial flaps with oblique rugae on surface, anterior end rounded.</p><p>Sternum: approximately as long as broad, widening posteriorly. Sternite 3 1.9 × broader than long, separated into 2 parts by longitudinal median groove; anterior margin weakly serrated, with median notch. Sternite 4 broader than long; anterior margin ~ 0.5–0.7 width of sternite 3; anterolateral margins oblique; anterior part trapezoidal, with longitudinal median groove. Sternites 5–7 separated by transverse ridges, with shallow groove along midline.</p><p>Pleon: tergites smooth and unarmed. Tergites 2–4 each with 2 transverse ridges; anterior ridge in tergites 2–4 uninterrupted, posterior ridge in tergite 3 and 4 relatively low and interrupted. Tergite 5 smooth, without distinct groove and ridge. Tergite 6 with straight posterior median margin, with shallow notches on each side. Telson composed of 10 distinct plates.</p><p>Eye: eyestalk immovable. Peduncle short, broader than cornea. Mesial eyespine short, anterolaterally directed, reaching to proximal ~ 0.3–0.4 of rostrum. Lateral eyespine absent. Blunt distomesial process present on ventral surface of peduncle. Cornea globular.</p><p>Antennule: article 1 longer than broad; distal margin with strong ventrolateral spine and small dorsolateral spine; lateral surface slightly inflated, rugose, with oblique shallow groove anteriorly; mesial margin straight.</p><p>Antenna: peduncle nearly reaching level of proximal 0.3 of rostrum. Article 1 with strong distomesial spine exceeding distal margin of article 2 and small distolateral spine. Article 2 with small distolateral spine. Article 3 subrectangular, unarmed. Article 4 short.</p><p>Mxp 3: ischium shorter than merus, unarmed; crista dentata well-developed. Merus with extensor margin convex, armed with small but distinct disto-extensor spine; flexor margin with 3 small teeth; lateral surface with few rugae. Carpus unarmed. Propodus short, flexor margin gently convex distally.</p><p>P 1: subequal, moderately short, ~ 1.7 × longer than pcl, with short rugae bearing sparse fine setae (those much denser and thicker on larger individuals) on surfaces and margins. Ischium ~ 0.6 merus length, dorsodistal margin with short spine; ventrodistal margin produced, with 1–3 small subterminal spines sometimes reduced as tubercles. Merus ~ 0.6 pcl, distally with strong dorsomesial and ventromesial spines and small ventrolateral spine; dorsal surface with small subterminal spine followed by 1 or 2 spines along midline; ventromesial margin unarmed or with 1–3 additional spines on median part. Carpus half of merus length, slightly longer than broad, with strong dorsomesial spine; dorsal surface mesially with longitudinal, rugose ridge (ridge armed with spine on larger individuals). Chela compressed dorsoventrally, palm ~ 1 / 2 of merus length, 1.2 × longer than broad; lateral and mesial margins rugose; fixed finger rugose on lateral margin. Dactylus 1.2 × palm length; occlusal margins weakly crenulate and distally spooned, with blunt process on proximal 1 / 3.</p><p>P 2–4: surfaces and extensor margins with scale-like rugae and sparse setae on (those much thicker on larger individuals). P 2 ~ 1.8 pcl, reaching base of P 1 dactylus. Meri subequal in width and decreasing in length posteriorly, P 2 merus 0.7 pcl and 4.4 × longer than broad, P 3 and P 4 meri ~ 0.9 and 0.8 P 2 merus length, respectively; extensor margin with short distal spine and tubercle-like proximal spines; flexor margin rugose, with blunt distal spine. Carpi subequal in length on P 2–4, ~ 0.4 P 2 merus length; extensor margin ridged, with small distal spine; lateral surface with low, submarginal ridge along extensor margin ending in short distal spine (P 2) or unarmed (P 3 and P 4). Propodi subequal in length and width on P 2–4, 0.9 P 2 merus length, and 6.8 × longer than broad; extensor margin unarmed; flexor margin with pair of small distal corneous spines only. Dactyli ~ 1 / 2 of propodus length; extensor margin proximally straight; distal claw strongly curving; flexor margin straight, with 17–19 movable corneous spines on nearly entire length, each spine of distal 1 / 2 margin present on low triangular tooth, ultimate spine closer to penultimate spine than to distal claw.</p><p>P 1 –4 without epipods.</p><p>Coloration.</p><p>Entirely whitish.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Chemosynthetic environments: cold seep and hydrothermal vent.</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Northeastern South China Sea and Okinawa Trough, southern East China Sea; depth 1374–1487 m.</p><p>Genetics.</p><p>The genetic distance between M. ryukyuensis and M. lauensis is 13.1 % – 13.8 %. The genetic distances between specimens of M. ryukyuensis from the Okinawa Trough and the Haima field are 0.5 % – 0.6 % (Table 2).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Munidopsis ryukyuensis is morphologically very similar to M. lauensis in almost every aspect. Cubelio et al. (2007 c) noted that M. ryukyuensis differs from M. lauensis in having a broadly triangular and straight rostrum, the mesial eyespine more than half the length of the rostrum and directed almost laterally, and a strongly curved distal claw of the P 2–4 dactyli. We compared specimens of M. ryukyuensis with the material of M. lauensis from the Manus Basin and found that the these characters are variable in both species: the length / width ratio of the rostrum in both species ranges from 1.8–2.3, the mesial eyespine only reaches the proximal 0.3–0.4 of rostrum (Fig. 4 A – H), and the distal claw of the P 2–4 dactyli is strongly curved in most specimens of both species (Fig. 4 U – W). Likewise, in the carapace, the antennal spines (situated above the antennal peduncle) and the anterolateral spines vary from acute spines to blunt projection (Fig. 4 A – H). In both species, the chelipeds and meri of P 2–4 are usually more spinose in males than in females; the males have a row of spines on the ventromesial margin of the P 1 merus and a stout distal spine or tubercle on the extensor margin of the P 2 merus, whereas these spines are reduced in the females. Larger individuals occasionally bear long setae on the surfaces of P 1 –4. These variations make the recognition of the two species challenging. Nevertheless, we found some minor but consistent differences based on the specimens examined. In M. ryukyuensis, the anterior margin of the sternite 4 is relatively broad, 0.5–0.7 width of the sternite 3 (Fig. 4 I – L), and the posteromedian margin of the pleonal tergite 6 is relatively straight with shallow lateral notches (Fig. 4 O – R). In contrast, M. lauensis usually has a narrower sternite 4 with the anterior margin 0.4–0.5 width of the sternite 3 (Fig. 4 M, N), and the posteromedian margin of the pleonal tergite 6 is rather weakly concave (Fig. 4 S, T). Baba and de Saint Laurent (1992) also described a narrow sternite 4 in the type material of M. lauensis, consistent with our specimens, but illustrated a straight posteromedian margin of pleonal tergite 6, suggesting that this character should be re-examined with more specimens. Notably, M. lauensis also occurs at the Site F cold seep field (Lin et al. 2013; Dong and Li 2015). Our observations reveal that the Site F specimens possess a broad sternite 4, resembling that of M. ryukyuensis . However, the genetic distance based on the COI gene indicates that M. lauensis in Site F is genetically consistent with populations from the Manus Basin and Lau Basin, whereas the nuclear gene genes suggest a more complex relationship (unpublished). We therefore temporarily assign the Site F specimens to M. lauensis .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/912ACF519E3E58E69E3E8A26461BDE60	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dong, Dong;Seid, Charlotte A.;Li, Xinzheng;Rouse, Greg W.	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
FE6E84207DCE57EF8CF35F826BE97E4B.text	FE6E84207DCE57EF8CF35F826BE97E4B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Munidopsis verrilli Benedict 1902	<div><p>Munidopsis verrilli Benedict, 1902</p><p>Figs 7, 8</p><p>Munidopsis verrilli Benedict 1902: 291, fig. 3 (type locality: off southern California). — Rathbun 1904: 167. — Schmitt 1921: 169, fig. 108. — McCauley 1972: 415 (list). — Luke 1977: 26. — Wicksten 1982: 245 (list). — Wicksten 1989: 316 (list). — Baba and Poore 2002: 245, fig. 10. — Poore 2004: 238, fig. 65 k. — Baba 2005: 194, 298. — Osawa and Takeda 2007: 142, fig. 6 C, D. — Baba et al. 2009: 275, figs 252, 253. — Komai and Matsuzaki 2016: 103, figs 7, 8.</p><p>Munidopsis sp. cf. M. verrilli — Rodríguez-Flores 2025: 21.</p><p>Material examined.</p><p>USA – off California • 9 males (5–17 mm), 6 females (8–13 mm), 4 ovigerous females (13–17 mm); <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-118.5&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=33.183334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -118.5/lat 33.183334)">Catalina Basin, MET Sta. 109</a>; 33°11'N, 118°30'W; 1198–1234 m depth; K. Smith and S. Luke leg.; 31 Jan. 1981; collected by 40’ otter trawl of R/V New Horizon; SIO-BIC C 4907 .</p><p>Description.</p><p>Carapace: distinctly longer than broad (excluding rostrum). Frontal margins oblique, antennal spine well developed. Lateral margins divergent posteriorly, broadest at median posterior branchial margin, bearing sparse long setae; anterolateral spine short, anterolaterally directed; anterior branchial margin with 3 spines; posterior branchial margin convex, with spine at end of posterior cervical groove. Posterior margin concave, submarginal ridge elevated. Dorsal surface with regions well defined, covered with transverse, interrupted short rugae; rugae longer and more strongly elevated on posterior branchial region, sparsely bearing short setae on gastric and lateral branchial region; cervical groove deep. Gastric region strongly elevated, with pair of epigastric spines. Cardiac region clearly delineated, lateral and posterior cardiac regions elevated, median transverse groove deep. Intestinal region subtriangular. Rostrum spiniform or narrowly triangular, nearly horizontal, ~ 0.2 remaining carapace length, 2.5 × longer than broad; dorsal surface smoothly carinate, unarmed or rarely with small median spine. Pterygostomial flaps with oblique rugae on surface, anterior end with small spine.</p><p>Sternum: slightly longer than broad, widening posteriorly. Sternite 3 1.8 × broader than long, divided into 2 parts by longitudinal median groove; anterior margin with median notch, bearing small lateral tooth. Sternite 4 slightly broader than long, anterior part with longitudinal median groove, narrowly elongated; posterior part broad, surface depressed and with short scale-like rugae. Sternites 5–7 separated by transverse ridges, with interrupted median groove.</p><p>Pleon: tergites smooth and unarmed. Tergite 2–4 each with 2 transverse ridges bearing fine setae anteriorly, posterior ridge on tergite 4 low and interrupted. Tergite 5 smooth, without distinct groove and ridge. Tergite 6 with straight or slightly concave posteromedian margin. Telson composed of 9 or 10 plates.</p><p>Eye: eyestalk immovable. Peduncle short, broader than cornea. Mesial eyespine relatively long, anteriorly directed, reaching to proximal 0.3–0.4 of rostrum. Lateral eyespine short. Cornea globular.</p><p>Antennule: article 1 longer than broad; distal margin with strong ventrolateral and dorsolateral spines subequal in size and short mesial spine; lateral surface slightly inflated, with oblique groove extending from base of dorsolateral distal spine to median part of ventral surface; mesial margin straight.</p><p>Antenna: peduncle thick, reaching to level of midlength of rostrum. Article 1 with distomesial and distolateral spines both reaching midlength of article 2. Article 2 with short distolateral spine reaching midlength of article 3. Article 3 subrectangular, distomesial and distolateral margins minutely denticulate. Article 4 short.</p><p>Mxp 3: ischium slightly shorter than merus, disto-extensor corner with small but acute spine; crista dentata well-developed. Merus with extensor margin slightly convex, rugose, armed with small distal spine; flexor margin denticulate, bearing 3 small spines; lateral surface with short rugae. Carpus with extensor margin slightly rugose. Propodus subrectangular, narrowed distally, extensor and flexor margins subparallel.</p><p>P 1: subequal, 1.5 × as long as pcl, densely covered with long setae on surfaces and margins. Ischium short, ~ 1 / 2 of merus length; dorsodistal margin armed with acute spine; ventrodistal margin produced, with strong subterminal spine; surfaces covered with short rugae. Merus ~ 1 / 2 of pcl; surfaces bearing short transverse rugae; distal margin with strong dorsal, dorsomesial, ventromesial and ventrolateral spines: dorsal spine followed by row of spines along midline of dorsal surface, dorsomesial spine followed by strong median spine on mesial surface, ventromesial spine followed by 2 strong spines on ventral surface. Carpus half of merus length; surfaces with short rugae; distal margin with strong dorsal, dorsolateral and dorsomesial spines; dorsomesial spine followed by row of 2 spines along dorsomesial margin. Chela compressed dorsoventrally, palm 0.6 merus length, 1.6 × longer than broad, with short rugae on surfaces; lateral margin straight; mesial margin armed with 2 spines. Fingers approximately as long as palm, thickly setose distally; occlusal margins serrated and distally spooned, with low proximal triangular process on fixed finger.</p><p>P 2–4: slender, with long setae densely on margins and surfaces; lateral surface with short scale-like rugae. P 2 ~ 1.8 × pcl, nearly reaching tip of P 1 dactylus. Meri slender, decreasing in length posteriorly, P 2 merus 0.6 pcl, P 3 and P 4 merus ~ 0.8 and 0.7 P 2 merus length, respectively; P 2 merus ~ 7.1 × longer than broad (length / width ratio on P 3 and P 4 meri, 5 and 4.5, respectively); extensor margin armed with row of spines decreasing in size proximally; flexor margin rugose, with strong distal spine. Carpi somewhat decreasing in length posteriorly, subequal in width, P 2 carpus ~ 0.4 length of P 2 merus, P 3 and P 4 carpi 0.9 and 0.8 length of P 2 carpus, respectively; extensor margin with 2 longitudinal ridges, mesial ridge usually with 4 spines, lateral ridge with relatively small distal spine; flexor margin with minute distal spine. Propodi slender, subequal in width on P 2–4; P 2 propodus 0.9 length of P 2 merus, 9.0 × longer than broad, P 3 and P 4 propodi 0.9 length of P 2 propodus; extensor margin slightly rugose, unarmed; flexor margin with pair of distal corneous spines preceded by corneous spine located on distal 0.2. Dactyli 0.4 or 0.5 length of propodus; extensor margin slightly rugose, proximally straight, distal claw curving; flexor margin straight, with 10–12 movable corneous spines on distal 0.8 length, each spine present on low triangular tooth, ultimate spine closer to penultimate spine than to distal claw.</p><p>P 1 –4 without epipods.</p><p>Habitat.</p><p>Clay (Baba 2005) and manganese-crust bottom (Rodríguez-Flores 2025).</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>West Pacific: south to Australia and Indonesia and north to Japan; Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll; Eastern Pacific: from off Oregon to southern California; depth 732–4169 m.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Baba (2005) noted that the holotype of M. verrilli has a denticulate carina on the distolateral margin of the P 1 fixed finger, while such feature is absent in our specimens. Baba (2005) regarded this character as an intraspecific variation within this species, because it was also missing in other specimens he examined from the type locality.</p><p>Baba and Poore (2002) reported a female from Tasmania, Australia. The diagnosis and figures of their specimens showed three rows of spines on the P 1 merus including a median spine on the mesial surface, and three spines along the flexor margin of the P 2 and P 3 propodi. These characters match the specimens examined of M. verrilli from California waters. A single male from the Makassar Strait exhibits the similar traits (Baba 2005). Meanwhile, the key interspecific characters, such as the elevated lateral cardiac region of the carapace, short mesial eyespine, median spine on the mesial surface of P 1 merus and a row of strong spines on the extensor margin of P 2–3 carpi, can be observed from the photos of specimens from the Okinawa Trough, northeast of Taiwan Island and Nemuro Strait (Osawa and Takeda 2007; Baba et al. 2009; Komai and Matsuzaki 2016), indicating that these West-Pacific specimens also belong to M. verrilli .</p><p>Munidopsis verrilli appears independent of chemosynthetic environments. The California specimens have been taken from mud bottom by otter trawl or beam trawl (Luke 1977). In the Makassar Strait, it was collected from clay bottom (Baba 2005) and in Johnston Atoll, it was obtained on manganese-crust bottom (Rodríguez-Flores 2025). Osawa and Takeda (2007) obtained the specimen by beam trawl in the Okinawa Trough, while Komai and Matsuzaki (2016) captured the specimens with commercial gill net. Given the wide distribution range, molecular methods are needed to confirm the taxonomic consistency and genetic connectivity among populations in different localities.</p><p>Rodríguez-Flores et al. (2023) reported M. similis from deep waters off southern California, which is identical to the type locality of M. verrilli . Their COI data show only 0.8–3.8 % genetic distances from M. cf. verrilli (USNM 1464026 and 1188648), suggesting a very low divergence (Rodríguez-Flores et al. 2023). Munidopsis similis ranges from the West Atlantic to the West Pacific and exhibits low genetic divergence among populations (Rodríguez-Flores et al. 2023). In this case, the taxonomic validity of M. verrilli may be questionable. Further molecular evidence of M. similis, particularly from the topotypic material collected off New England, is essential to resolve the systematic relationship between the two species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/FE6E84207DCE57EF8CF35F826BE97E4B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Dong, Dong;Seid, Charlotte A.;Li, Xinzheng;Rouse, Greg W.	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
