taxonID	type	description	language	source
442BF91EEB6A52DFADE134A5B4ED4F6C.taxon	description	Figs 5, 6	en	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
442BF91EEB6A52DFADE134A5B4ED4F6C.taxon	description	Description. Carapace: distinctly longer than broad (excluding rostrum). Frontal margins oblique, antennal spine well developed. Lateral margins subparallel, sparsely setose; anterolateral spine relatively short, anteriorly directed; anterior branchial margin with 3 (rarely 4) spines; posterior branchial margin with spine at end of posterior cervical groove. Posterior margin slightly concave, with elevated submarginal ridge. Dorsal surface with regions moderately defined, covered with short, transverse rugae; rugae longer and more strongly elevated on posterior branchial region, bearing short setae particularly dense on lateral branchial region; cervical groove deep. Gastric region strongly elevated, with pair of epigastric spines. Cardiac region with deep, transverse median groove, posterior cardiac region slightly elevated. Intestinal region weakly delineated. Rostrum narrowly triangular, nearly horizontal, ~ 0.2 remaining carapace length, 1.7 × longer than broad; dorsal surface smoothly carinate. Pterygostomial flaps with oblique rugae on surface, anterior end blunt. Sternum: approximately as long as broad, widening posteriorly. Sternite 3 1.7 × broader than long, divided into 2 parts by longitudinal median groove; anterior margin with median notch, bearing small lateral tooth. Sternite 4 distinctly broader than long; anterolateral margin denticulate; anterior part narrow, with longitudinal median groove; ventral surface depressed medially and with some short rugae. Sternites 5 – 7 separated by transverse ridges, with interrupted longitudinal median groove. Pleon: tergites smooth, unarmed. Tergites 2 – 4 each with 2 transverse ridges bearing dense setae anteriorly, posterior ridge on tergite 4 relatively low and medially interrupted. Tergite 5 smooth, without distinct groove and ridge. Tergite 6 with straight posteromedian margin. Telson composed of 10 distinct plates. Eye: eyestalk immovable. Peduncle short, broader than cornea. Mesial eyespine elongated, anteriorly or anterolaterally directed, reaching to distal 0.4 of rostrum. Lateral eyespine short, sometimes with affiliated smaller spines. Cornea globular. Antennule: article 1 longer than broad; distal margin with strong ventrolateral spine and relatively small dorsolateral spine; lateral surface slightly inflated, with oblique groove extending from base of dorsolateral distal spine to median part of ventral surface; mesial margin straight. Antenna: peduncle thick, nearly reaching to level of midlength of rostrum. Article 1 with strong distomesial spine reaching distal margin of article 2 and short distolateral spines reaching midlength of article 2. Article 2 armed with short distolateral spine reaching midlength of article 3. Article 3 subrectangular, unarmed. Article 4 short. Mxp 3: ischium slightly shorter than merus; disto-flexor corner with acute spine; crista dentata well-developed. Merus with extensor margin convex, armed with strong disto-extensor spine; flexor margin with 3 small teeth; lateral surface with sparse short rugae. Carpus with few short rugae on lateral surface. Propodus short, flexor margins convex. P 1: subequal, moderately stout, ~ 1.7 × longer than pcl, covered with numerous stiff setae on surfaces and margins. Ischium ~ 0.6 merus length, dorsodistal margin with acute spine; ventrodistal margin produced, with strong subterminal spine; surfaces covered with short rugae. Merus ~ 1 / 2 of pcl, with short, transverse rugae on surfaces; distal margin with strong dorsal, dorsomesial, ventromesial and ventrolateral spines: dorsal spine followed by row of spines along midline of dorsal surface, ventromesial spine followed by 2 strong median spines; mesial surface smooth. Carpus half of merus length, longer than broad; surfaces with short rugae; distal margin with dorsal, dorsomesial, dorsolateral and lateral spines, dorsomesial spine strongest, followed by 1 or 2 spines along dorsomesial margin. Chela compressed dorsoventrally, palm ~ 0.6 merus length, 1.1 × longer than broad, with short rugae on surfaces; lateral margin slightly convex; mesial margin armed with 3 (rarely 1 or 2) spines. Dactylus 1.4 × palm length, with tufts of short setae on margins and surfaces; occlusal margins weakly serrated and distally spooned, with low triangular process on distal third of fixed finger. P 2 – 4: slender; margins and surfaces bearing dense long, stiff setae, lateral surface with short scale-like rugae. P 2 ~ 1.9 × pcl, reaching base of P 1 dactylus. Meri subequal in width on P 2 – 4, decreasing in length posteriorly; P 2 merus 0.7 × pcl and 4.8 × longer than broad, P 3 and P 4 meri ~ 0.9 and 0.8 length of P 2 merus, respectively; extensor margin armed with row of spines decreasing in size proximally; flexor margin rugose, with strong distal spine. Carpi subequal in length on P 2 – 4, ~ 0.4 P 2 merus length; extensor margin ridged, with strong distal spine; lateral surface with low, submarginal ridge along extensor margin, ending in short distal spine; flexor margin with acute distal spine. Propodi subequal in width on P 2 – 4; P 2 propodus subequal or slightly longer than P 3 and P 4 propodi, 0.8 P 2 merus length, and 6.5 × longer than broad; extensor margin unarmed; flexor margin distally with pair of small but distinct corneous spines. Dactyli ~ 1 / 2 propodus length; extensor proximally straight, distal claw strongly curving; flexor margin straight, with 14 or 15 movable corneous spines on distal 0.8 length, each spine of distal half margin present on low, broad triangular tooth, ultimate spine closer to penultimate spine than to distal claw. P 1 – 4 without epipods.	en	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
442BF91EEB6A52DFADE134A5B4ED4F6C.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northeastern South China Sea and Okinawa Trough, southern East China Sea; depth 1160 – 1481 m.	en	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
912ACF519E3E58E69E3E8A26461BDE60.taxon	description	Figs 2, 3, 4 A – D, I – L, O – R, U	en	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
912ACF519E3E58E69E3E8A26461BDE60.taxon	description	Description. Carapace: distinctly longer than broad (excluding rostrum). Frontal margins oblique, antennal spine absent or reduced as blunt process. Lateral margins subparallel or slightly divergent posteriorly; anterolateral spine small or absent; anterior branchial margin with strong spine at end of anterior cervical groove; posterior branchial margin with short elevated ridge at end of posterior cervical groove. Posterior margin straight, with uninterrupted submarginal ridge. Dorsal surface hairless, covered with numerous short, transverse rugae; rugae longer and more strongly elevated on posterior branchial region; cervical groove deep. Gastric region strongly elevated, with pair of low epigastric ridges. Cardiac region with deep, transverse median groove, posterior cardiac region weakly delineated, subtriangular. Rostrum narrow, triangular and horizontal, ~ 0.3 remaining carapace length, 2.3 × longer than broad; carinate dorsally. Pterygostomial flaps with oblique rugae on surface, anterior end rounded. Sternum: approximately as long as broad, widening posteriorly. Sternite 3 1.9 × broader than long, separated into 2 parts by longitudinal median groove; anterior margin weakly serrated, with median notch. Sternite 4 broader than long; anterior margin ~ 0.5 – 0.7 width of sternite 3; anterolateral margins oblique; anterior part trapezoidal, with longitudinal median groove. Sternites 5 – 7 separated by transverse ridges, with shallow groove along midline. Pleon: tergites smooth and unarmed. Tergites 2 – 4 each with 2 transverse ridges; anterior ridge in tergites 2 – 4 uninterrupted, posterior ridge in tergite 3 and 4 relatively low and interrupted. Tergite 5 smooth, without distinct groove and ridge. Tergite 6 with straight posterior median margin, with shallow notches on each side. Telson composed of 10 distinct plates. Eye: eyestalk immovable. Peduncle short, broader than cornea. Mesial eyespine short, anterolaterally directed, reaching to proximal ~ 0.3 – 0.4 of rostrum. Lateral eyespine absent. Blunt distomesial process present on ventral surface of peduncle. Cornea globular. Antennule: article 1 longer than broad; distal margin with strong ventrolateral spine and small dorsolateral spine; lateral surface slightly inflated, rugose, with oblique shallow groove anteriorly; mesial margin straight. Antenna: peduncle nearly reaching level of proximal 0.3 of rostrum. Article 1 with strong distomesial spine exceeding distal margin of article 2 and small distolateral spine. Article 2 with small distolateral spine. Article 3 subrectangular, unarmed. Article 4 short. Mxp 3: ischium shorter than merus, unarmed; crista dentata well-developed. Merus with extensor margin convex, armed with small but distinct disto-extensor spine; flexor margin with 3 small teeth; lateral surface with few rugae. Carpus unarmed. Propodus short, flexor margin gently convex distally. P 1: subequal, moderately short, ~ 1.7 × longer than pcl, with short rugae bearing sparse fine setae (those much denser and thicker on larger individuals) on surfaces and margins. Ischium ~ 0.6 merus length, dorsodistal margin with short spine; ventrodistal margin produced, with 1 – 3 small subterminal spines sometimes reduced as tubercles. Merus ~ 0.6 pcl, distally with strong dorsomesial and ventromesial spines and small ventrolateral spine; dorsal surface with small subterminal spine followed by 1 or 2 spines along midline; ventromesial margin unarmed or with 1 – 3 additional spines on median part. Carpus half of merus length, slightly longer than broad, with strong dorsomesial spine; dorsal surface mesially with longitudinal, rugose ridge (ridge armed with spine on larger individuals). Chela compressed dorsoventrally, palm ~ 1 / 2 of merus length, 1.2 × longer than broad; lateral and mesial margins rugose; fixed finger rugose on lateral margin. Dactylus 1.2 × palm length; occlusal margins weakly crenulate and distally spooned, with blunt process on proximal 1 / 3. P 2 – 4: surfaces and extensor margins with scale-like rugae and sparse setae on (those much thicker on larger individuals). P 2 ~ 1.8 pcl, reaching base of P 1 dactylus. Meri subequal in width and decreasing in length posteriorly, P 2 merus 0.7 pcl and 4.4 × longer than broad, P 3 and P 4 meri ~ 0.9 and 0.8 P 2 merus length, respectively; extensor margin with short distal spine and tubercle-like proximal spines; flexor margin rugose, with blunt distal spine. Carpi subequal in length on P 2 – 4, ~ 0.4 P 2 merus length; extensor margin ridged, with small distal spine; lateral surface with low, submarginal ridge along extensor margin ending in short distal spine (P 2) or unarmed (P 3 and P 4). Propodi subequal in length and width on P 2 – 4, 0.9 P 2 merus length, and 6.8 × longer than broad; extensor margin unarmed; flexor margin with pair of small distal corneous spines only. Dactyli ~ 1 / 2 of propodus length; extensor margin proximally straight; distal claw strongly curving; flexor margin straight, with 17 – 19 movable corneous spines on nearly entire length, each spine of distal 1 / 2 margin present on low triangular tooth, ultimate spine closer to penultimate spine than to distal claw. P 1 – 4 without epipods.	en	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
912ACF519E3E58E69E3E8A26461BDE60.taxon	distribution	Distribution. Northeastern South China Sea and Okinawa Trough, southern East China Sea; depth 1374 – 1487 m.	en	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
FE6E84207DCE57EF8CF35F826BE97E4B.taxon	description	Figs 7, 8	en	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
FE6E84207DCE57EF8CF35F826BE97E4B.taxon	description	Description. Carapace: distinctly longer than broad (excluding rostrum). Frontal margins oblique, antennal spine well developed. Lateral margins divergent posteriorly, broadest at median posterior branchial margin, bearing sparse long setae; anterolateral spine short, anterolaterally directed; anterior branchial margin with 3 spines; posterior branchial margin convex, with spine at end of posterior cervical groove. Posterior margin concave, submarginal ridge elevated. Dorsal surface with regions well defined, covered with transverse, interrupted short rugae; rugae longer and more strongly elevated on posterior branchial region, sparsely bearing short setae on gastric and lateral branchial region; cervical groove deep. Gastric region strongly elevated, with pair of epigastric spines. Cardiac region clearly delineated, lateral and posterior cardiac regions elevated, median transverse groove deep. Intestinal region subtriangular. Rostrum spiniform or narrowly triangular, nearly horizontal, ~ 0.2 remaining carapace length, 2.5 × longer than broad; dorsal surface smoothly carinate, unarmed or rarely with small median spine. Pterygostomial flaps with oblique rugae on surface, anterior end with small spine. Sternum: slightly longer than broad, widening posteriorly. Sternite 3 1.8 × broader than long, divided into 2 parts by longitudinal median groove; anterior margin with median notch, bearing small lateral tooth. Sternite 4 slightly broader than long, anterior part with longitudinal median groove, narrowly elongated; posterior part broad, surface depressed and with short scale-like rugae. Sternites 5 – 7 separated by transverse ridges, with interrupted median groove. Pleon: tergites smooth and unarmed. Tergite 2 – 4 each with 2 transverse ridges bearing fine setae anteriorly, posterior ridge on tergite 4 low and interrupted. Tergite 5 smooth, without distinct groove and ridge. Tergite 6 with straight or slightly concave posteromedian margin. Telson composed of 9 or 10 plates. Eye: eyestalk immovable. Peduncle short, broader than cornea. Mesial eyespine relatively long, anteriorly directed, reaching to proximal 0.3 – 0.4 of rostrum. Lateral eyespine short. Cornea globular. Antennule: article 1 longer than broad; distal margin with strong ventrolateral and dorsolateral spines subequal in size and short mesial spine; lateral surface slightly inflated, with oblique groove extending from base of dorsolateral distal spine to median part of ventral surface; mesial margin straight. Antenna: peduncle thick, reaching to level of midlength of rostrum. Article 1 with distomesial and distolateral spines both reaching midlength of article 2. Article 2 with short distolateral spine reaching midlength of article 3. Article 3 subrectangular, distomesial and distolateral margins minutely denticulate. Article 4 short. Mxp 3: ischium slightly shorter than merus, disto-extensor corner with small but acute spine; crista dentata well-developed. Merus with extensor margin slightly convex, rugose, armed with small distal spine; flexor margin denticulate, bearing 3 small spines; lateral surface with short rugae. Carpus with extensor margin slightly rugose. Propodus subrectangular, narrowed distally, extensor and flexor margins subparallel. P 1: subequal, 1.5 × as long as pcl, densely covered with long setae on surfaces and margins. Ischium short, ~ 1 / 2 of merus length; dorsodistal margin armed with acute spine; ventrodistal margin produced, with strong subterminal spine; surfaces covered with short rugae. Merus ~ 1 / 2 of pcl; surfaces bearing short transverse rugae; distal margin with strong dorsal, dorsomesial, ventromesial and ventrolateral spines: dorsal spine followed by row of spines along midline of dorsal surface, dorsomesial spine followed by strong median spine on mesial surface, ventromesial spine followed by 2 strong spines on ventral surface. Carpus half of merus length; surfaces with short rugae; distal margin with strong dorsal, dorsolateral and dorsomesial spines; dorsomesial spine followed by row of 2 spines along dorsomesial margin. Chela compressed dorsoventrally, palm 0.6 merus length, 1.6 × longer than broad, with short rugae on surfaces; lateral margin straight; mesial margin armed with 2 spines. Fingers approximately as long as palm, thickly setose distally; occlusal margins serrated and distally spooned, with low proximal triangular process on fixed finger. P 2 – 4: slender, with long setae densely on margins and surfaces; lateral surface with short scale-like rugae. P 2 ~ 1.8 × pcl, nearly reaching tip of P 1 dactylus. Meri slender, decreasing in length posteriorly, P 2 merus 0.6 pcl, P 3 and P 4 merus ~ 0.8 and 0.7 P 2 merus length, respectively; P 2 merus ~ 7.1 × longer than broad (length / width ratio on P 3 and P 4 meri, 5 and 4.5, respectively); extensor margin armed with row of spines decreasing in size proximally; flexor margin rugose, with strong distal spine. Carpi somewhat decreasing in length posteriorly, subequal in width, P 2 carpus ~ 0.4 length of P 2 merus, P 3 and P 4 carpi 0.9 and 0.8 length of P 2 carpus, respectively; extensor margin with 2 longitudinal ridges, mesial ridge usually with 4 spines, lateral ridge with relatively small distal spine; flexor margin with minute distal spine. Propodi slender, subequal in width on P 2 – 4; P 2 propodus 0.9 length of P 2 merus, 9.0 × longer than broad, P 3 and P 4 propodi 0.9 length of P 2 propodus; extensor margin slightly rugose, unarmed; flexor margin with pair of distal corneous spines preceded by corneous spine located on distal 0.2. Dactyli 0.4 or 0.5 length of propodus; extensor margin slightly rugose, proximally straight, distal claw curving; flexor margin straight, with 10 – 12 movable corneous spines on distal 0.8 length, each spine present on low triangular tooth, ultimate spine closer to penultimate spine than to distal claw. P 1 – 4 without epipods.	en	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
FE6E84207DCE57EF8CF35F826BE97E4B.taxon	distribution	Distribution. West Pacific: south to Australia and Indonesia and north to Japan; Central Pacific: Johnston Atoll; Eastern Pacific: from off Oregon to southern California; depth 732 – 4169 m.	en	Dong, Dong, Seid, Charlotte A., Li, Xinzheng, Rouse, Greg W. (2025): Taxonomic revision of two dominant Munidopsis species (Decapoda, Anomura, Munidopsidae) from the cold seeps in the northern South China Sea: new records and complementary descriptions. ZooKeys 1261: 165-188, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1261.171276
