identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
7D46AF0EFFF5FF81FF62F7D8C78B7FA4.text	7D46AF0EFFF5FF81FF62F7D8C78B7FA4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarax Simon 1892	<div><p>Genus Sarax Simon, 1892</p><p>Sarax Simon, 1892: 43, 48; Kraepelin 1895: 45; Pocock 1900: 131; Gravely 1915: 441; Weygoldt 2000: 25; Harvey 2003: 7; Rahmadi &amp; Kojima 2010: 476; Miranda, Giupponi, Prendini &amp; Scharff 2021b: 169–172, figs 11c–d, 103–149, tables 8–9.</p><p>Type species: Sarax brachydactylus Simon, 1892 from Philippines.</p><p>Phrynichosarax Gravely, 1915: 437; Mello-Leitão 1931: 5; Werner 1935: 470.</p><p>Type species: Phrynichosarax cochinensis Gravely, 1915 from India.</p><p>Diagnosis and description. See Miranda et al. (2021b: 169). Distribution. Cambodia, China, Greece, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Jordan, Laos, Malaysia, Oman, Pakistan,</p><p>Palau, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Seychelles, Singapore, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkey, Vietnam, Yemen.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D46AF0EFFF5FF81FF62F7D8C78B7FA4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Yiting;Yu, Kun;Zhang, Shuyuan;Zuo, Anru;Zhang, Feng	Xu, Yiting, Yu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyuan, Zuo, Anru, Zhang, Feng (2025): Description of a second species of Sarax Simon, 1892 (Amblypygi, Charinidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 489-508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
7D46AF0EFFF6FF81FF62F064C3A27BFF.text	7D46AF0EFFF6FF81FF62F064C3A27BFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarax Simon 1892	<div><p>Key to the identification of the species of Sarax in Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia, modified from Miranda et al. (2021b)</p><p>1. Median eyes absent.................................................................................... 2</p><p>- Median eyes present................................................................................... 3</p><p>2. Lateral eyes reduced; tibia of leg I with more than 28 articles; leg I tarsus with more than 58 articles.......... S. omanensis</p><p>- Lateral eyes absent; tibia of leg I with 21 articles; leg I tarsus with 35 articles......................... S. stygochthobius</p><p>3. Pedipalp tarsus with one spine........................................................................... 4</p><p>- Pedipalp tarsus with two spines...........................................................................5</p><p>4. Pedipalp femur with three dorsal spines; pedipalp patella with five dorsal spines; female gonopods finger-like.. S. cochinensis</p><p>- Pedipalp femur with four dorsal spines; pedipalp patella with four dorsal spines; female gonopods plunger-like..................................................................................................... S. dhofarensis</p><p>5. Cheliceral claw with twelve teeth; leg IV basitibia with two pseudo-articles............................. S. socotranus</p><p>- Cheliceral claw with fewer than ten teeth; leg IV basitibia with three or four pseudo-articles.......................... 6</p><p>6. Leg IV basitibia with three pseudo-articles................................................................. 7</p><p>- Leg IV basitibia with four pseudo-articles..................................................................11</p><p>7. Cheliceral claw with four teeth; tibia of leg I with 23 articles; leg I tarsus with 39 articles................... S. bispinosus</p><p>- Cheliceral claw with more than four teeth; tibia of leg I with fewer than 23 articles; leg I tarsus with fewer than 39 articles.. 8</p><p>8. Pedipalp patella with two ventral spines............................................................ S. abbatei</p><p>- Pedipalp patella with three ventral spines.................................................................. 9</p><p>9. Median and lateral eyes reduced................................................................ S. pakistanus</p><p>- Median and lateral eyes well developed................................................................... 10</p><p>10. Pedipalp patella with small ventral setiferous tubercle between spine I and distal margin................... S. bengalensis</p><p>- Pedipalp patella with long ventral spine between spine I and distal margin, half the size of spine I.............. S. sinensis</p><p>11. Pedipalp patella with four dorsal spines....................................................................12</p><p>- Pedipalp patella with five dorsal spines................................................................... 13</p><p>12. Female gonopod absent (flat)................................................................ S. seychellarum</p><p>- Female gonopod obvious and almost conical.................................................. S. yunnan sp. nov.</p><p>13. Pedipalp femur with five dorsal spines and five ventral spines........................................ S. ioanniticus</p><p>- Pedipalp femur with four dorsal spines and four ventral spines....................................... S. israelensis</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D46AF0EFFF6FF81FF62F064C3A27BFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Yiting;Yu, Kun;Zhang, Shuyuan;Zuo, Anru;Zhang, Feng	Xu, Yiting, Yu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyuan, Zuo, Anru, Zhang, Feng (2025): Description of a second species of Sarax Simon, 1892 (Amblypygi, Charinidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 489-508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
7D46AF0EFFF6FF8BFF62F5AFC5637DBD.text	7D46AF0EFFF6FF8BFF62F5AFC5637DBD.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarax yunnan Xu, Yu & Zhang 2025	<div><p>Sarax yunnan Xu, Yu &amp; Zhang, sp. nov.</p><p>Figures 1, 3, 5A–D, G, I –J, 6A, C, 7A–C, G–H, 8A, 9A–D, F–H.</p><p>Chinese name: 云南aeDze</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (MHBU-AMB-2024-1001), CHINA: Yunnan Province, Yingjiang County, Nabang Township, 7–11 October 2024, leg. K. Yu, Y. Ni and Y. Xu.</p><p>Paratypes. 2♂ 7♀ 2j (MHBU-AMB-2024-1002~1012), same data as holotype .</p><p>Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from the type locality; noun in apposition.</p><p>Diagnosis. Sarax yunnan sp. nov. can be distinguished from S. seychellarum by the presence of ventral sacs (vs. absent in S. seychellarum, see Miranda et al. 2021b: 228), the presence of 25 to 30 articles in tibia of leg I (vs. 21 in S. seychellarum), the presence of 37 to 46 articles on tarsus I (vs. 37 in S. seychellarum), and the presence of five to six cheliceral claw teeth (vs. eight in S. seychellarum). S. yunnan sp. nov. can be distinguished from S. sinensis by the presence of five to six teeth on mesal part of cheliceral claw (vs. eight in S. sinensis), the distinct ventral sac covers (VSC) (vs. VSC are not obvious in S. sinensis) (Figs 9A–E), the presence of three large dorsal spines on pedipalp femur (vs. four in S. sinensis), the presence of 25 to 30 articles in leg I tibia (vs. 20 to 21 in S. sinensis), the presence of 37 to 46 articles on tarsus I (vs. 35 in S. sinensis) (Fig. 8), and the presence of four pseudo-articles on basitibia IV (vs. three in S. sinensis).</p><p>Description. Male (Holotype; Figs 3A–B, E–G, J–O, 5A–B, G, I–J, 6A, C, 7A–C, G–H, 8A, 9A, C).</p><p>Carapace. Carapace flat, much wider than long, areas between ocular triads and sulci have dense small granules (Fig. 3A). Six anterior setae, frontal process triangular (Fig. 3O). All eyes and median ocular tubercle (MOT) well developed, MOT bristleless; lateral ocular triad (LOT) pale, slightly separated from carapace margin, LOT and nearby area bristleless, without curved carina between ocular triads and carapace margin, lateral ocular triad well separated from carapace margin (Fig. 3O).</p><p>Sternum. All sternites (tritosternum, tetrasternum and pentasternum) sclerotized and bearing setae. Tritosternum elongated and oriented anteriorly, with its apex extending beyond base of pedipalpal coxae. Tetrasternum relatively short and small, with two pairs of setae on top area and some smaller setae sparsely near base; pentasternum shortest, with two pairs of setae, setae of posterior pair obviously smaller (Fig. 3L).</p><p>Opisthosoma. Ventral sclerites slightly lighter than other area of opisthosoma (Fig. 3B). Ventral sacs and ventral sac covers well developed (Figs 9A, C).</p><p>Gonopod. As wide as long, widest at distal third (Fig. 7A); LoL2 digitiform, tilted 45° towards the axis (Figs 7B, C); LaM not obvious; LoD short, basal part weakly sclerotized, with sparse denticles (Figs 7C, H); PI long and triangular, tapering from broad base to sharp apex, with sparse denticles at base (Figs 7B, G); fistula with sparse ventral denticles, ventral side sclerotized, gradually transitioning to membranous as turns towards dorsal side (Figs 7A–C, G–H).</p><p>Chelicera. Basal segment with four retromarginal teeth, proximal one largest, distal one bifid; with one short promarginal projection. Claw with 5–6 denticles, retrolateral and prolateral surfaces of claw with row of setae basally to medially, respectively. Bifid tooth on basal segment with dorsal cusp larger than ventral cusp, tip of dorsal cusp further bifid (Figs 3K, 5J).</p><p>Pedipalp. Obviously longer than those in females. Inner margin of coxae bears short and dense setae, extending to semicircular carina. Coxa with many setae on the ventral surface. Trochanter with many rufous setae on antero-dorsal side. One ventral spine, ventral apophysis large and prominently pointed (Figs 6A, C). Femur with three dorsal spines (Figs 3E, 5B) and four ventral spines (Figs 3G, 5A); one prominent setiferous tubercle between dorsal spine III and proximal margin; one short spine between ventral spine III and proximal margin, two-thirds length of spine III. Patella with four dorsal spines in primary series, prominent setiferous tubercle distal to spine I (Figs 3E, 5B); three ventral spines, two setiferous tubercles between spine I and distal margin (Figs 3G, 5A). Tibia with two spines on the dorsal and ventral side, respectively; one setiferous tubercle near the base of proximal ventral spine. Tarsus with two subequal small nail-like dorsal spines; cleaning organ with 27–30 setae in ventral row (Fig. 3F).</p><p>Legs. Reddish-brown, with slightly darkened indistinct wide annuli. Tibia of leg I with 30 articles. Tarsus I with 46 articles, proximal articles slightly longer than subsequent articles (Fig. 8A). Basitibia IV divided into four pseudo-articles. All walking legs with pulvilli (Figs 3J, M, 5G). Trichobothria of distitibia IV (Figs 3N, 5I): sc and sf series each with six and four trichobothria; bt situated medially on dorsal part of basal pseudo-article, bc relatively close to stf; distances between bf, sbf and stf subequal, stf located at ca. 2/3 position from proximal to distal end of distitibia IV; the arrangement of tf, tm, and tc constitutes a triangular configuration, a pattern frequently encountered in whip spiders.</p><p>Measurement. see Table 4.</p><p>Female (paratype, MHBU-AMB-2024-1004) (Figs 3C–D, H–I, 5C–D, 9B, D, F, H). Body features mostly like those in males.</p><p>Genitalia. Genital operculum with triangular extensions (TEG, Fig. 9D). Gonopod almost conical, like finger, distal opening large and obvious, tilted ca. 45° towards the axis (Figs 9F, H).</p><p>Pedipalp. Obviously shorter than in males (Figs 3H–I, 5C–D). Femur with three dorsal spines, four ventral spines, proximal second spine longest. Patella with four dorsal spines, three ventral spines; distal 2/3 of ventral side with four setiferous tubercles. Tibia with two large dorsal spines, basal part of each spine with many rufous setae; with two ventral spines, distal one longer. Tarsus is like the male.</p><p>Measurement. see Table 4.</p><p>Variability. Distal one (in holotype) or two (in MHBU-AMB-2024-1002) teeth of cheliceral basal segment bifid distally. Count of articles of tibia I ranging from 25 to 30 (n = 3); count of articles of tarsus I ranging from 37 to 46 (n = 3). Distitibia IV with (MHBU-AMB-2024-1003) or without (other specimens) nbc next to the bc. For detailed variation of measurements, see Table 4.</p><p>Biology. All specimens were collected from the crevices of large rocks in the dry stream channel (Fig. 1A). One female was observed carrying ca. 10– 15 juveniles on its opisthosoma during the survey in October 2024 (Fig. 1B).</p><p>Distribution. Known only from the type locality (Fig. 10).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D46AF0EFFF6FF8BFF62F5AFC5637DBD	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Yiting;Yu, Kun;Zhang, Shuyuan;Zuo, Anru;Zhang, Feng	Xu, Yiting, Yu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyuan, Zuo, Anru, Zhang, Feng (2025): Description of a second species of Sarax Simon, 1892 (Amblypygi, Charinidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 489-508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
7D46AF0EFFFCFF97FF62F266C42A796D.text	7D46AF0EFFFCFF97FF62F266C42A796D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sarax sinensis Wu 2022	<div><p>Sarax sinensis Wu et al., 2022</p><p>Figs 4, 5E–F, H, K, 6B, D, 7D–F, I–J, 8B, 9E, G.</p><p>Chinese name: 中华aeDze</p><p>Type material. Holotype ♂ (ECNU-IV-0004) and paratypes, 4 juveniles (ECNU-IV-0003; 0005~0007), CHINA: Fujian Province, Fuzhou City, 26.03°N, 119.30°E, 39m elev., leg. R. Yu and Y. Wang; deposited in the Museum of Biology, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.3&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.03" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.3/lat 26.03)">East China Normal University</a> (ECNU), not examined.</p><p>Material examined. 2♂ 3♀ 3j (MHBU-AMB-2023-01~05), CHINA: Fujian Province, Fuzhou City, Cangshan District, near <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=119.3007&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=26.0306" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 119.3007/lat 26.0306)">Hamashan</a>, 26.0306°N, 119.3007°E, 47m elev., 2023, leg. J. Gong.</p><p>Diagnosis. see Wu et al. 2022: 401.</p><p>Additional description. Male (MHBU-AMB-2023-03; Figs 4A, C, 7D–F, I–J, 9E). Opisthosoma. Ventral sacs present, ventral sac covers (VSC) absent (Fig. 9E). Gonopod (Figs 7D–F, I–J). Upper margin of Fi sclerotized; basal part of LoD and dorsal side of LoL1 sclerotized with small denticles. LaM hidden behind LoD in dorsal view, tip of LaM sharp, slightly higher than that in LoD. PI with near longitudinally arranged hyperbolic paraboloid, with a rough upper margin.</p><p>Female (MHBU-AMB-2023-04; Figs 4B, D–J, 5E–F, H, K, 6B, D, 8B, 9G). Body features mostly like those in males.</p><p>Genitalia. Margin of genital operculum nearly semicircular, without obvious extension. Gonopod almost conical, distal half gradually narrowing to small and roundly blunt tip (Fig. 9G).</p><p>Pedipalp. Obviously shorter than in males (Figs 4E, I, 5 E–F, 6B, D). Coxa with many fine setae on the ventral surface and denser near the ventral mesal region. Trochanter with setae on antero-dorsal side, ventral apophysis small and setiform (Figs 6B, D). Femur with four dorsal spines, three ventral spines, proximal first spine longest. Patella with four dorsal spines and three ventral spines; distal 1/3 of ventral side with three setiferous tubercles. Tibia with two large dorsal spines; one ventral spine and one ventral setiferous tubercle. Tarsus like the male (Fig. 4F).</p><p>Measurements. see Table 4.</p><p>Variability. Count of articles of tibia I ranging from 20 to 21. For detailed variation of measurements, see Table 4.</p><p>Distribution: China (Fujian).</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D46AF0EFFFCFF97FF62F266C42A796D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Xu, Yiting;Yu, Kun;Zhang, Shuyuan;Zuo, Anru;Zhang, Feng	Xu, Yiting, Yu, Kun, Zhang, Shuyuan, Zuo, Anru, Zhang, Feng (2025): Description of a second species of Sarax Simon, 1892 (Amblypygi, Charinidae) from China. Zootaxa 5666 (4): 489-508, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5666.4.2, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5360.3.8
