taxonID	type	description	language	source
9D454E4C77825D83B8BD8046B7EB7022.taxon	description	Fig. 2	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
9D454E4C77825D83B8BD8046B7EB7022.taxon	etymology	Etymology. ‘‘ rubrum ’’ refers to the red-brown colonies on the woody substrate.	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
9D454E4C77825D83B8BD8046B7EB7022.taxon	description	Description. Saprobic on decaying wood in a terrestrial habitat. Asexual morph Undetermined. Sexual morph: Ascomata 151 – 185.5 µm high, 138 – 157 µm diam., superficial, seated on a subiculum, solitary, scattered, globose to subglobose, bright reddish yellow to brown yellow, with central narrow ostiole; setae were not observed, comprising short projections of setae-like, 10 – 35 × 4.5 – 8 µm. Peridium 17.5 – 22 µm wide, composed of several layers of hyaline to bright yellow cells of textura angularis, outer layer yellow cells, and inner layer pale yellow to hyaline cells. Hamathecium comprising numerous, 1.5 – 2.5 µm wide, filiform, branched, septate, hyaline pseudoparaphyses. Asci 51 – 77 × 8 – 12.5 µm (x ̄ = 64 × 10 μm, n = 20), 8 - spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, cylindrical to clavate or saccate, short-pedicellate, apically rounded, basally flexious. Ascospores 27 – 35 × 3 – 4.5 µm (x ̄ = 31.5 × 4 μm, n = 20), overlapping 2 – 3 - seriate, fusiform, tapering towards the ends, widest at the central part, straight to slightly curved, multi-septate, hyaline, smooth-walled.	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
9D454E4C77825D83B8BD8046B7EB7022.taxon	description	Culture characteristics. Conidia germinated on PDA, producing germ tubes within 10 hours. Colonies on PDA reached a diameter of 29 mm after 49 days of incubation at 25 ° C, exhibiting an irregular shape with radially furrowed at the centre and velvety surface, white to pale brown in PDA medium.	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
D81D1F4C2471585393C67BF93318FF18.taxon	description	Fig. 3	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
D81D1F4C2471585393C67BF93318FF18.taxon	etymology	Etymology. ‘‘ maolanensis ’’ refers to its collection site, where the fungus was collected.	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
D81D1F4C2471585393C67BF93318FF18.taxon	description	Description. Saprobic on decaying wood in a forest. Sexual morph Undetermined. Asexual morph Hyphomycetous, helicosporous. Colonies on natural substrate superficial, effuse, solitary, scattered or gregarious, white to pale brown. Mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, composed of pale brown to brown, branched, septate, guttulate, smooth. Conidiophores 201 – 230 μm long, 3 – 4.5 μm wide (x ̄ = 220 × 3.5 μm, n = 20), macronematous, mononematous, procumbent, solitary, cylindrical, tapering at tip, flexuous, unbranched, septate, slightly constricted at septa, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells 13.5 – 18.5 μm long, 2.5 – 4 μm wide (x ̄ = 16 × 3.5 μm, n = 30), holoblastic, monoblastic to polyblastic, integrated, intercalary or terminal, cylindrical or subcylindrical, with a denticulate protrusion, truncate at apex after conidial secession, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled. Conidia solitary, acropleurogenous, helicoid, tapering towards the rounded ends, developing on tooth-like protrusions, 13.5 – 19 μm diam. and conidial filament 2.5 – 3 μm wide (x ̄ = 16 × 2.8 μm, n = 30), 105 – 134 μm long (x ̄ = 116.5 μm, n = 30), aseptate, tightly coiled 3 – 3 3 / 4 times, becoming loosely coiled when the conidia are young in water and not becoming loose when the conidia mature in water, guttulate, hyaline, smooth-walled.	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
D81D1F4C2471585393C67BF93318FF18.taxon	description	Culture characteristics. Conidia germinated on PDA, producing germ tubes within 8 hours. Colonies on PDA reached a diameter of 24 mm after 37 days of incubation at 25 ° C, exhibiting an irregular shape with a flat surface and undulate margin, pale brown to brown in PDA medium.	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
3AECE0E31CB6506CABE12BD401CF2587.taxon	description	Fig. 4	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
3AECE0E31CB6506CABE12BD401CF2587.taxon	etymology	Etymology. ‘‘ subtropicus ’’ named after the climate from which the holotype was found.	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
3AECE0E31CB6506CABE12BD401CF2587.taxon	description	Description. Saprobic on decaying wood in a forest. Sexual morph Undetermined. Asexual morph Hyphomycetous, helicosporous. Colonies on natural substrate superficial, effuse, solitary, gregarious, white to pale brown. Mycelium partly immersed, partly superficial, composed of pale brown to brown, branched, septate, guttulate, smooth. Conidiophores up to 420 μm long, 2.5 – 5.5 μm wide (x ̄ = 3.5 μm, n = 30), macronematous, mononematous, erect, solitary or in a group, cylindrical, long or short, tapering at tip, flexuous, mostly branched, septate, slightly constricted at septa, hyaline to pale brown at base, becoming hyaline toward apex, smooth-walled, thick-walled. Conidiogenous cells 10.5 – 19.5 μm long, 2 – 5.5 μm wide (x ̄ = 15.5 × 3.5 μm, n = 35), holoblastic, monoblastic to polyblastic, integrated, intercalary or terminal, cylindrical or subcylindrical, with a denticulate protrusion, truncate at apex after conidial secession, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled. Conidia solitary, acropleurogenous, helicoid, dry, tapering towards the rounded ends, developing on tooth-like protrusions, 14.5 – 16.5 μm diam. and conidial filament 1.5 – 3 μm wide (x ̄ = 15.5 × 2 μm, n = 25), 87 – 132 μm long (x ̄ = 110.5 μm, n = 25), aseptate, tightly coiled 2 – 2 3 / 4 times, becoming loosely coiled when the conidia are young in water and not becoming loose when the conidia mature in water, guttulate, hyaline, smooth-walled.	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
3AECE0E31CB6506CABE12BD401CF2587.taxon	description	Culture characteristics. Conidia germinated on PDA, producing germ tubes within 12 hours. Colonies on PDA reached a diameter of 44 mm after 46 days of incubation at 25 ° C, exhibiting an irregular shape with a flat surface and undulate margin, pale brown to black brown in PDA medium.	en	Peng, Tao, Lu, Yong-Zhong, Bai, Song, Zhang, Jing-Yi, Xiao, Xing-Juan, Wu, Na, Ma, Jian (2025): Novel Helicosporium and Neohelicomyces (Tubeufiaceae, Tubeufiales) species from terrestrial habitats in China and Thailand. MycoKeys 112: 81-101, DOI: 10.3897/mycokeys.112.140211
