identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
846787B2FFF1F264FF76F9DCFDEB0CAE.text	846787B2FFF1F264FF76F9DCFDEB0CAE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Oceaniidae Eschscholtz 1829	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Oceaniidae Eschscholtz, 1829</p>
            <p> Genus  Turritopsis McCrady, 1857</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFF1F264FF76F9DCFDEB0CAE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFF7F262FF76FB08FE2B0F42.text	846787B2FFF7F262FF76FB08FE2B0F42.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bougainvilliidae Lutken 1850	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Bougainvilliidae Lütken, 1850</p>
            <p> Genus  Bimeria Wright, 1859</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFF7F262FF76FB08FE2B0F42	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFF7F263FF76FA99FE2A08CA.text	846787B2FFF7F263FF76FA99FE2A08CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bimeria vestita Wright 1859	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859</p>
            <p> Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859: 109 , pl. 8 fig. 4.— Calder, 1988: 21–23, figs 17–18.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 14–15.— Marques et al., 2000: 322–324, figs 1–3.— Vervoort, 2006: 196–197, fig. 5 no. 2.— Schuchert, 2007: 247–250, fig. 20.— Schuchert, 2012: 216–217, fig. 205. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 253 colonies (123 with sporosarcs), of which 77 growing on  Idiellana pristis , 27 on  Diphasia digitalis , 15 on unidentified hydroids, three on  Tridentata loculosa , two on  Tridentata turbinata , two on  Eudendrium capillare , one on  Halecium marocanum , one on  Plumularia setacea , one on  Amphisbetia distans , one on  Thyroscyphus marginatus , 75 on unidentified bryozoans, one on a polychaete tube. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: 68 colonies (two with sporosacs), 30–47 mm high, of which 19 growing on  Idiellana pristis , three on  Diphasia digitalis , two on  Thyroscyphus marginatus , two on  Tridentata loculosa , one on  Tridentata marginata , 20 on bryozoans, two on crustaceans, one on a polychaete tube. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: five colonies (four with sporosacs), up to 31 mm high, of which four growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p>  CCLME 2012-404, stn SL−04, 10º48’29’’N, 16º34’57’’W, 32 m, 18-VI-2012: one colony growing on  Eudendrium sp. , without sporosacs  . </p>
            <p> Remarks. Our material is consistent with that described by Gil et al. (2020), and requires no further notes. It represents also the first record of  B. vestita for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on other hydroids and invertebrates (Gil et al. 2020). Specimens with gonophores were found in early summer, and from August to February in the northern hemisphere, while in the southern hemisphere they occurred from spring to autumn (Gil et al. 2020).</p>
            <p>Colonies studied by us were found growing on hydroids, bryozoans, worm tubes and crustaceans. Colonies with sporosacs were found in November.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Bimeria vestita is considered as a species with a circumglobal distribution (Vervoort 2006). In West Africa, it occurrence was thoroughly documented by Gil et al. (2020). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Schuchert 2012) to 574 m (Gil et al. 2020). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected between 20–32 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Garveia Wright, 1859</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFF7F263FF76FA99FE2A08CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFF6F263FF76FD11FCE50F21.text	846787B2FFF6F263FF76FD11FCE50F21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Garveia nutans Wright 1859	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Garveia nutans Wright, 1859</p>
            <p> Garveia nutans Wright, 1859: 109–110 , pl. 8 fig. 5.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 15–16.— Schuchert, 2007: 251–253, fig. 21.— Schuchert, 2012: 222–223, fig. 208. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 45 colonies (all without gonophores), of which 19 growing on  Idiellana pristis , four on  Diphasia digitalis , two on  Tridentata loculosa , one on an unidentified hydroid, and four on bryozoans. </p>
            <p> Remarks. Our material agrees well with those described by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992a) from the Strait of Gibraltar and by Gil et al. (2020) from coral mounds of Mauritania, and no further discussion is necessary. Our finding represents also the first record of  G. nutans for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on various hard substrates, stones, algae, other hydroids,  Madrepora oculata Linnaeus, 1758 , and on  Acesta excavata (J. C. Fabricius, 1779) (Schuchert 2007; Gil et al. 2020). Colonies with gonophores have been found between February and December in the northern hemisphere (Schuchert 2012; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a; Gil et al. 2020). </p>
            <p>Our colonies were found growing on other hydroid species and bryozoans. No fertile material was observed.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Garveia nutans has a circumglobal distribution in boreal and temperate regions (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Bouillon et al. 2006) and, in West Africa, it was only recorded from Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a; Gil et al. 2020). Its bathymetric distribution ranges between 0 (Schuchert 2007, 2012) and 1339 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–25 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFF6F263FF76FD11FCE50F21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFF6F263FF76FA62FD810C6C.text	846787B2FFF6F263FF76FA62FD810C6C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pandeidae Haeckel 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Pandeidae Haeckel, 1879</p>
            <p> Genus  Leuckartiara Hartlaub, 1914</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFF6F263FF76FA62FD810C6C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFF6F260FF76F9EDFCE50B9F.text	846787B2FFF6F260FF76F9EDFCE50B9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Leuckartiara octona (Fleming 1823)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823)</p>
            <p> Geryonia octona Fleming, 1823: 298 . </p>
            <p> Leuckartiara octona : Christiansen, 1972: 288–289.—Millard, 1975: 123–125, fig. 41A–D.— Schuchert, 2007: 321–326, fig. 53.— Schuchert, 2012: 251–252, fig. 232. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: three colonies growing on bryozoans, of which one bearing medusa buds.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The material collected in Northwest Africa is similar to those recorded from Galicia by Ramil (1988), Ansín Agís (1992) and Ramil et al. (1998), and represents the first record of  L. octona for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p> Biology.  Leuckartiara octona lives mostly epizootically on crustaceans, mollusks, worm tubes, stones, fragmented shells, poriferans, hydroids and, notably, on the parapodia of the sea mouse  Aphrodita (Rees &amp; Thursfield 1965; Ansín Agís 1992; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Schuchert 2012). Polyps with medusa buds were found from April to October in the northern hemisphere (Christiansen 1972; Schuchert 2007). </p>
            <p>In our material, all colonies were attached to bryozoans. Medusa buds were recorded for the first time in this species in November.</p>
            <p>Distribution. This is a circumglobal species in subtropical and temperate waters (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Vema Seamount (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges between the intertidal (Millard 1975) and 541 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b).</p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–25 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFF6F260FF76F9EDFCE50B9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFF5F260FF76FD80FD8F08CA.text	846787B2FFF5F260FF76FD80FD8F08CA.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudendriidae L. Agassiz 1862	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Eudendriidae L. Agassiz, 1862</p>
            <p> Genus  Eudendrium Ehrenberg, 1834</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFF5F260FF76FD80FD8F08CA	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFF5F260FF76FD10FCE50F05.text	846787B2FFF5F260FF76FD10FCE50F05.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudendrium album Nutting 1898	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eudendrium album Nutting, 1898</p>
            <p> Eudendrium album Nutting, 1898: 362–363 , pl. 14 fig. 1.— Leloup, 1952: 124, fig. 61.— Marques et al., 2000: 77, figs 1–7.— Schuchert, 2008: 690, figs 6–7.— Schuchert, 2012: 316–317, fig. 278. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: two colonies without gonophores, of which one growing on an unidentified hydroid.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonophores, growing on a bryozoan.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The presence of two sizes of macrobasic euryteles, particularly the larger one, is a distinctive feature of  E. album (Schuchert 2012) . Our colonies represent the first record of  E. album for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on stones, algae and other hydroids (Schuchert 2012). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found between January and August (Schuchert 2012).</p>
            <p>In our material, some colonies were found growing on unidentified hydroids and a bryozoan.</p>
            <p> Distribution. Schuchert (2008) pointed out that most identifications of  E. album do not include information on the cnidome, and should therefore be considered only as tentative.  Eudendrium album is a boreo-Atlantic species, known to occur from Norway to Galicia, in the Mediterranean Sea (Schuchert 2008, 2012) and in Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). Its bathymetric range extends from 0 to 1000 m (Schuchert 2008). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–25 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFF5F260FF76FD10FCE50F05	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFF5F261FF76FA37FCE50873.text	846787B2FFF5F261FF76FA37FCE50873.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudendrium capillare Alder 1856	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856</p>
            <p> Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856: 355–356 , pl. 12 figs 9–12.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 18–19, fig. 1B–C.— Marques et al., 2000: 88, figs 28–34.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 27–29, fig. 4A–B.— Schuchert, 2008: 740–744, fig. 34.— Schuchert, 2012: 334–335, fig. 287. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 1363 colonies (871 with gonophores), 6–49 mm high, of which 368 growing on  Idiellana pristis , 314 on bryozoans, 108 on  Diphasia digitalis , 40 on  Tridentata loculosa , 16 on worm tubes, 10 on unidentified hydroids, nine on crustaceans, eight on  Tridentata marginata , five on  Dynamena disticha , five on  Tridentata turbinata , four on  Eudendrium ramosum , four on bivalves, one on  Bimeria vestita , one on  Halecium lankesteri , one on  Halecium sp. and one on  Clytia gracilis . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: six colonies without gonophores, of which one growing on  Eudendrium sp.</p>
            <p>Remarks. The nematocysts in our material, microbasic euryteles and isorhizas, correspond to those described for this species by Schuchert (2008, 2012).</p>
            <p> Records of this species from Ghana (Vervoort 1959, as  Eudendrium cf. capillare ) are considered as doubtful, because the material was identified on general morphological grounds solely; moreover, all colonies were sterile. </p>
            <p>Our finding represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p>Biology. This species grows on a variety of substrates such as algae, and on invertebrates, such as sponges, hydroids, cirripeds, mollusk shells, bryozoans and ascidians (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Schuchert 2012). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material was found from April to November (Schuchert 2008, 2012).</p>
            <p>In our material, some colonies had gonophores in November. Most of the colonies were found growing on hydroids, bryozoans, bivalves, crustaceans and polychaete tubes.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Eudendrium capillare is considered as nearly cosmopolitan, but many records are doubtful because they are not based on the study of the nematocysts (Schuchert 2012). Therefore, when the records based on the cnidome are taken into account,  E. capillare shows a circumglobal distribution (Schuchert 2008). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Vervoort 2006), Mauritania (Billard 1906a) and Ghana (Vervoort 1959). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 to 80 m (Schuchert 2012). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 21–25 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFF5F261FF76FA37FCE50873	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFF4F261FF76FD2CFC000CBE.text	846787B2FFF4F261FF76FD2CFC000CBE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p> Tubularia ramosa Linnaeus, 1758: 804 . </p>
            <p> Eudendrium ramosum : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 20–21.— Schuchert, 2001: 32–33, fig. 20.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 37–38, fig. 7A–C.— Bouillon et al., 2006: 60–61, fig. 36H–L.— Vervoort, 2006: 215–216, fig. 4 no. 2.— Schuchert, 2012: 322–323, fig. 281. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 30 colonies, 28–113 mm high, without gonophores, of which two growing on  Diphasia digitalis , and one on a polychaete tube. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: four colonies, 47–70 mm high, all without gonophores, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: five colonies, 24–88 mm high, all without gonophores, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonophores, attached to a bryozoan.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: one colony without gonophores, epizoic on  Nemertesia ramosa . </p>
            <p> Remarks. The study of nematocysts allowed us to identify this material as  E. ramosum . </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on hard substrates, whether artificial or organic, such as algae and other invertebrates, e.g. bryozoans, gastropods, bivalves, anthozoans, polychaete tubes and other hydroids (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonophores have been found between March and December (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Schuchert 2012; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), while in the southern hemisphere, fertile material was found in February (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b).</p>
            <p> In our material,  E. ramosum was found growing on  D. digitalis ,  N. ramosa , a polychaete tube and a bryozoan. Gonophores were not observed. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Eudendrium ramosum is considered as a cosmopolitan species; nevertheless, many of its records are doubtful (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Marques et al. 2000), especially those from outside the eastern Atlantic (Schuchert 2012). In West Africa, it was recorded from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Vervoort 2006) to the Cape Verde (Ritchie 1907; Vervoort 2006), and from the Valdivia Seamount (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). Its bathymetrical range starts from the tidal zone (Ansín Agís 1992), reaching depths as much as 1870 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a). </p>
            <p>The material studied by us was collected at depths between 21–58 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFF4F261FF76FD2CFC000CBE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFF4F261FF76F82BFDD90DA5.text	846787B2FFF4F261FF76F82BFDD90DA5.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tiarannidae Russell 1940	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Tiarannidae Russell, 1940</p>
            <p> Genus  Modeeria Forbes, 1848</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFF4F261FF76F82BFDD90DA5	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFEBF27EFF76FF35FDE50FCC.text	846787B2FFEBF27EFF76FF35FDE50FCC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Modeeria rotunda (Quoy & Gaimard 1827)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827)</p>
            <p> Dianaea rotunda Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827: 181–182 , pl. 6 figs 1–2. </p>
            <p> Modeeria rotunda : García Carrascosa, 1981: 99–102, Pl. I fig. g, pl. 30 fig. B.— Gili et al., 1989: 74.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 29–32, fig. 4A–B.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 52–53, fig. 10G–H.— Vervoort, 2006: 219–220. </p>
            <p> Stegopoma fastigiatum : Stechow, 1925: 440.— Vervoort, 1959: 234, fig. 10.— Patriti, 1970: 31, fig. 37. </p>
            <p> Stegopoma fastigiata : Millard, 1958: 175. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS142, 11º14'17"– 11º13'22"N, 17º13'07"– 17º13'12"W, 335–393 m, 25-X-2008: one colony, without gonothecae.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 116 colonies, 2–35 mm high, all without gonothecae, of which 36 growing on  Diphasia margareta , 32 on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum , seven on  Sertularella gayi , six on  Lafoea gracillima , five on  Earleria panicula , three on  Aglaophenia lophocarpa , three on  Aglaophenia tubulifera , one on  Eudendrium sp. , one on  Nemertesia ventriculiformis , one on  Diphasia sp. , and four on worm tubes. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28-X-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on  Sertularella gayi . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS177, 10º10'16"– 10º11'00"N, 17º07'21"– 17º07'54"W, 382–387 m, 31-X-2008: one colony without gonothecae growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum . </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Modeeria rotunda is a well-known species and does not require a further discussion. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species is usually found on other hydroids, but also on ascidians, anthozoans and bio-concretions (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found from April to June, and in September, November and December (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Vervoort 2006; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p>
            <p>In our material, most of the colonies were growing on different species of hydroids, as well as on worm tubes. No fertile material was collected.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Modeeria rotunda is a cosmopolitan species (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Vervoort 2006). In West Africa, it has been collected from Morocco (Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a), Mauritania (Vervoort 2006; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), the Cape Verde (Stechow 1925; Vervoort 2006), Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Ghana, Nigeria, Namibia (Buchanan 1957; Vervoort 1959, as  Stegopoma fastigiatum ; Gili et al. 1989) and the Vema Seamount (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). Its bathymetric distribution extends from 0.5 (García Carrascosa 1981) to 1554 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 300–393 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Stegopoma Levinsen, 1893</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFEBF27EFF76FF35FDE50FCC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFEBF27FFF76FA12FB160B53.text	846787B2FFEBF27FFF76FA12FB160B53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Stegopoma bathyale Vervoort 1966	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Stegopoma bathyale Vervoort, 1966</p>
            <p> Stegopoma bathyale Vervoort, 1966: 112–114 , fig. 13.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 34–36, fig. 5A–D.— Vervoort, 2006: 221– 222. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: one colony, 105 mm high, with gonothecae.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28-X-2008: five colonies, 21–105 mm high, without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Our material is indistinguishable from that described earlier by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992a). We recorded fertile colonies for the first time in October, and our finding represents also the first record of  S. bathyale for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p>Biology. In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found in June (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a).</p>
            <p>In our material, one colony with gonothecae was found in October.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Stegopoma bathyale has been found in the Gulf of Bengal (type locality) and several deep-water Atlantic localities (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). In West Africa, it is known from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a) and Mauritania (Vervoort 2006; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). Its bathymetric distribution extends from 394 to 1592 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a). </p>
            <p>  Colonies studied herein were collected from Guinea-Bissau, at depths between 300–308 m. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFEBF27FFF76FA12FB160B53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFEAF27FFF76FE5CFCE50FE2.text	846787B2FFEAF27FFF76FE5CFCE50FE2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp 1959	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959</p>
            <p> Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959: 253 , fig. 17a–b.— Calder, 2020: 205, fig. 1d.— Gil et al., 2020: 421. </p>
            <p> Egmundella amirantensis : Millard &amp; Bouillon, 1973: 40–42, fig. 5A–D.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 22–24, fig. 2A–D.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 48–49, fig. 10A–D.— Migotto &amp; Cabral, 2005: 3–13, figs 1–3. </p>
            <p> Lafoeina amirantensis : Calder, 1991: 10, fig. 3.— Calder &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 15–16, fig. 5A–C. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 138 colonies, all without gonothecae, of which nine growing on unidentified hydroids, eight on  Idiellana pristis , four on  Diphasia digitalis , two on  Amphisbetia distans , 41 on  Eudendrium capillare , two on  Obelia dichotoma , one on  Sertularella polyzonias , one on  Tridentata turbinata , two on  Halecium marocanum , three on  Garveia nutans , one on  Tridentata loculosa , two on  Bimeria vestita , two on  Filellum cf. serratum , three on crustaceans, one on a polychaete tube, and 42 on bryozoans. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae growing on a bryozoan.</p>
            <p>Remarks. The colonies studied herein agree with those described by Gil et al. (2020), and represent the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau. No further discussion is required.</p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been reported growing on a great variety of substrates, such as rocks, algae, hydroids, bryozoans, anthozoans and cirripedes (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Migotto &amp; Cabral 2005, both as  E. amiratensis ; Gil et al. 2020). In the southern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found in summer (Millard &amp; Bouillon 1973; Migotto &amp; Cabral 2005). </p>
            <p>The colonies studied herein were found growing on hydroids, crustaceans, worm tubes and bryozoans. Fertile material was not observed.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Cirrholovenia tetranema is considered as a circumglobal species (Migotto &amp; Cabral 2005). In West Africa, it was collected from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a) and Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). Its bathymetrical distribution ranges from 1 (Calder 1991, as  Lafoeina amiratensis ) to 1161 m (Ríos et al. 2022). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 21–25 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFEAF27FFF76FE5CFCE50FE2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFEAF27FFF76FECCFD940B9E.text	846787B2FFEAF27FFF76FECCFD940B9E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cirrholoveniidae Bouillon 1984	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Cirrholoveniidae Bouillon, 1984</p>
            <p> Genus  Cirrholovenia Kramp, 1959</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFEAF27FFF76FECCFD940B9E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFEAF27FFF76FA5FFDDE0C11.text	846787B2FFEAF27FFF76FA5FFDDE0C11.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lovenellidae Russell 1953	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Lovenellidae Russell, 1953</p>
            <p> Genus  Lovenella Hincks, 1869</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFEAF27FFF76FA5FFDDE0C11	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFEAF27CFF76F92FFF2908E7.text	846787B2FFEAF27CFF76F92FFF2908E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lovenella clausa (Loven 1836)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lovenella clausa (Lovén, 1836)</p>
            <p> Campanularia clausa Lovén, 1836: 262 . </p>
            <p> Lovenella clausa : Hincks, 1869: 177−178, pl. XXXII fig. 2.— Patriti, 1970: 32, fig. 38.—Ramil, 1988: 146−148, pl. VI.— Álvarez Claudio, 1993: 119−112, fig. 20.— Cornelius, 1995a: 162−165, fig. 36.— Ramil et al., 1998: 191−192, fig. 3B.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 49−52, fig. 10F. — Vervoort, 2006: 222−223, fig. 9C. </p>
            <p> Material examined.  CCLME 2012-404, stn SL-04, 10º48’29’’N, 16º34’57’’W, 32 m, 18-V-2012: one colony with a gonotheca growing on a bryozoan . </p>
            <p>Remarks. In the colony studied herein, the distal half of the hydrothecal wall was undulated and the gonotheca was completely ringed, whereas the gonothecae described by Cornelius (1995a) had only slightly undulated walls.</p>
            <p> Our finding represents the first record of  L. clausa for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p> Biology. Usually,  L. clausa has been found growing on gastropod and bivalve shells (Ramil 1988; Ramil et al. 1998; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002),  Turritella shells inhabited by the sipunculid  Phascolion strombus (Montagu, 1804) (Teissier 1965; Ramil 1988), algae (Cornelius 1995a),  Amathia sp. (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002), and the scaphopod  Antalis novemcostata (Lamarck, 1818) (Ramil et al. 1988) . In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae have been found in January, March, April and June–September, but most frequently in the boreal autumn (Ramil 1988; Álvarez Claudio 1993; Cornelius 1995a). </p>
            <p>Our material was found growing on a bryozoan. A gonotheca was observed in May.</p>
            <p>Distribution. This species has an East-Atlantic distribution, from Sweden (Hincks 1869) to the Cape Verde Islands (Vervoort 2006). In the Mediterranean, the species has been reported from the Alboran Sea, but additional records are doubtful (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In West Africa, it has been collected from Morocco (Patriti 1970) and the Cape Verde Islands (Vervoort 2006). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Cornelius 1995a) to 161 m depth (Álvarez Claudio 1993).</p>
            <p>Our material was collected at a depth of 32 m, and represents the southernmost record of this species for the Atlantic.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFEAF27CFF76F92FFF2908E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE9F27CFF76F93AFD110CB4.text	846787B2FFE9F27CFF76F93AFD110CB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campanulinidae Hincks 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Campanulinidae Hincks, 1869</p>
            <p> Genus  Plicatotheca Calder &amp; Vervoort, 1986</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE9F27CFF76F93AFD110CB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE9F27CFF76FD58FCE50C09.text	846787B2FFE9F27CFF76FD58FCE50C09.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lovenella corrugata Thornely 1908	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lovenella corrugata Thornely, 1908</p>
            <p>(Fig. 3A)</p>
            <p> Lovenella corrugata Thornely, 1908: 82–83 , pl. IX fig. 4.— Broch, 1914: 32–33, fig. 8.— Vervoort, 1959: 231–234, fig. 9.— Redier, 1971: 503. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 20 colonies (five with gonothecae), up to 9 mm high, of which two growing on bryozoans, one on  Idiellana pristis , one on  Diphasia digitalis , and one a crustacean. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony, 14 mm high, without gonothecae.</p>
            <p> Remarks. We found gonothecae for the first time in November. Our material represents the first record of  L. corrugata for Guinea-Bissau, and agrees well with the colonies described by Vervoort (1959) from the Republic of Guinea. We identified this material as  L. corrugata based on the geniculate habit of the colony, the presence of annuli close to each internode, and the distinctive shape of the gonothecae. </p>
            <p>Biology. In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found in February (Vervoort 1959). Thornely (1908) described the gonothecae, but the collection dates of her material were not provided.</p>
            <p> In our samples, some colonies were growing on the hydroids  I. pristis and  D. digitalis , as well as on various bryozoans and crustaceans. Fertile material was found in November. </p>
            <p> Distribution. There are a few records of this species worldwide.  Lovenella corrugata has been recorded from the Sudanese Red Sea (Thornely, 1908, type locality) and West Africa, from Guinea Conakry (Vervoort 1959), the Ivory Coast (Redier 1971) and Togo (Broch 1914). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 8–55 m (Vervoort 1959). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–29 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE9F27CFF76FD58FCE50C09	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE9F27DFF76F885FC810883.text	846787B2FFE9F27DFF76F885FC810883.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plicatotheca anitae Calder & Vervoort 1986	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Plicatotheca anitae Calder &amp; Vervoort, 1986</p>
            <p>(Fig. 3B)</p>
            <p> Plicatotheca anitae Calder &amp; Vervoort, 1986: 2022–2023 , figs 1–4.— Gili et al., 1989: 77, fig. 6B.— Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 29, fig. 1H–J.— Vervoort, 2006: 217–218.— Calder, 2013: 14–15, fig. 2C–D. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: five colonies without gonothecae, up to 10 mm high, of which two growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum and another one on a worm tube. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28-X-2008: two colonies, up to 14 mm high, of which one with gonothecae and growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum . </p>
            <p> Remarks. The morphology of our colonies and the shape of the gonotheca match those described earlier by Gili et al. (1989). This is the second record of  P. anitae from West Africa. </p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on coral rubble (Calder &amp; Vervoort 1986), dead mollusk shells (Vervoort 2006), worm tubes and the hydroid  Sertularella gayi (Gili et al. 1989) . In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found in February (Calder 2013). </p>
            <p> In our material, some colonies were found on  L. myriophyllum and a worm tube. Gonothecae were found in October. </p>
            <p>Distribution. This is a circumglobal species (Vervoort 2006). In West Africa, it has been already recorded from Guinea-Bissau (Gili et al. 1989). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 60 (Calder &amp; Vervoort 1986) to 1480 m depth (Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003).</p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 300–308 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE9F27DFF76F885FC810883	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE8F27DFF76FCBCFC8909CE.text	846787B2FFE8F27DFF76FCBCFC8909CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mitrocomidae Haeckel 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Mitrocomidae Haeckel, 1879</p>
            <p> Genus  Earleria Collins, Ross, Genzano &amp; Mianzan, 2006</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE8F27DFF76FCBCFC8909CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE8F27BFF76FC0CFDE10AFF.text	846787B2FFE8F27BFF76FC0CFDE10AFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Earleria panicula (G. O. Sars 1874)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Earleria panicula (G.O. Sars, 1874)</p>
            <p> Earleria panicula : Gil et al. 2020: 422 (synonymy). </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS142, 11º14'17"– 11º13'22"N, 17º13'07"– 17º13'12"W, 335–393 m, 25-X-2008: two colonies, without gonothecae.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 79 colonies, 3–30 mm high, without gonothecae, of which seven growing on  Diphasia margareta , 51 on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum , four on  Nemertesia irregularis , one on  Turritopsis sp. , four on  Aglaophenia tubulifera , one on  Nemertesia ventriculiformis , two on a rope, one on a polychaete tube. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS177, 10º10'16"– 10º11'00"N, 17º07'21"– 17º07'54"W, 382–387 m, 31-X-2008: one colony growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum , without gonothecae. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS182, 10º14'14"– 10º13'22"N, 16º32'49"– 16º32'44"W, 211–224 m, 1-XI-2008: one colony growing on  L. myriophyllum , without gonothecae. </p>
            <p>Remarks. Our material agrees with that described by Gil et al. (2020) from Mauritanian coral mounds, and it represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau. No further discussion is necessary.</p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on a great variety of invertebrates (Cornelius 1995a, as  Campanulina panicula ; Calder 2012, as  Racemoramus panicula ). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in April, June, November and December (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a, as  Opercularella panicula ; Cornelius 1995a, as  C. panicula ; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a, as  R. panicula ), while in the southern hemisphere, gonothecae were found in August (Gili et al. 1989, as  O. denticulata ). </p>
            <p>In our material, colonies were found growing on other hydroid species, a worm tube and artificial substrates, such as a rope. Gonothecae were not observed.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Earleria panicula is considered as an Eastern Atlantic species (Calder 2012, as  R. panicula ; Gil et al. 2020), with a bathymetric distribution ranging from 30 to 2100 m (Christiansen 1972, as  O. panicula ; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a, as  R. panicula ). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco, Mauritania and Namibia (Gili et al. 1989, as  O. denticulata ; Gil et al. 2020). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 460–462 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Cyclocanna Bigelow, 1918</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE8F27BFF76FC0CFDE10AFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFEEF27BFF76FF7DFE4E0824.text	846787B2FFEEF27BFF76FF7DFE4E0824.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cyclocanna producta (G. O. Sars 1874)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Cyclocanna producta (G.O. Sars, 1874)</p>
            <p> Calycella producta G.O. Sars, 1874: 118–119 , pl. 5 figs 6–8. </p>
            <p> Cyclocanna producta : Schuchert et al., 2017: 177, fig. 7. </p>
            <p> Lovenella producta : Fraser, 1944: 175, pl. XXXI fig. 149.— Cornelius, 1995a: 166–168, fig. 37.— Schuchert, 2001: 54, fig. 39.— Calder, 2012: 22–23, fig. 21. </p>
            <p> Egmundella producta : Schuchert, 2016: 219–224, figs 1A–D, 2A–C, 3A–F. </p>
            <p> Material examined.  CCLME 2011-410, stn GR-04, 10º26′47′′N, 17º22′43′′W, 504 m, 28-X-2011: one colony growing on a worm tube, without gonothecae . </p>
            <p> Remarks. This material was previously dealt with in Gil &amp; Ramil’s (2023a) study of the genus  Egmundella from Northwest Africa. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFEEF27BFF76FF7DFE4E0824	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFEEF27BFF76FD1EFDEF0950.text	846787B2FFEEF27BFF76FD1EFDEF0950.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lafoeidae Hincks 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Lafoeidae Hincks, 1869</p>
            <p> Genus  Acryptolaria Norman, 1875</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFEEF27BFF76FD1EFDEF0950	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFEEF278FF76FCEEFDD00AFF.text	846787B2FFEEF278FF76FCEEFDD00AFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Acryptolaria conferta (Allman 1877)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Acryptolaria conferta (Allman, 1877)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 3C)</p>
            <p> Cryptolaria conferta Allman, 1877: 17–19 , pl. XII figs 6–10. </p>
            <p> Oswaldaria conferta : Leloup, 1940:15. </p>
            <p> Acryptolaria conferta : Rees &amp; White, 1966: 273.— Patriti, 1970: 30, fig. 33.— Vervoort, 1972: 44–45, fig. 12A.— Vervoort, 2006: 226–227. </p>
            <p> Acryptolaria conferta conferta : Calder, 1991: 33–35, figs 19–20.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 41–43, fig. 7A–B. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS131, 11º34'07"– 11º33'13"N, 17º11'25"– 17º11'31"W, 102–103 m, 23-X-2008: one colony, 60 mm high, without gonothecae.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The material studied herein agrees with those described by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992a) as  Acryptolaria conferta conferta (Allman, 1877) . We followed Peña Cantero et al. (2007), and studied the cnidome of our specimens that revealed two size classes of the same type of nematocysts, larger capsules (14–17 μm long, 5–6 μm wide) and smaller capsules (7–8 μm long, 3–4 μm wide). Upon a comparison with  Acryptolaria conferta var. minor Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992 , collected during the SEAMOUNT-1 expedition, it was realized that the nematocysts of the latter were of the same type as those of  A. conferta conferta , but differing in size, viz. (18–19 μm long, 6–7 μm wide) and (9–11 μm long, 4–8 μm wide), respectively. </p>
            <p>This difference between the nematocysts of the two morphotypes, together with the size range observed by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992a) and the absence of intermediate forms (Gil et al. 2020) seems to reinforce the separation of these so-called two varieties.</p>
            <p> This is the first time that the nematocysts of both forms have been studied, and it appears that the cnidome is a reliable character to be used whenever possible. Our finding represents the first record of  A. conferta var. conferta for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been reported growing on different substrates, such as bryozoans, sponges, coral fragments and stones (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Vervoort 2006). In the northern hemisphere, coppiniae have been found from May to July (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Calder 1991; Vervoort 2006).</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Acryptolaria conferta conferta is a circumglobal species occurring in moderately deep to deep waters (Vervoort 2006). In West Africa, it has been collected from Morocco (Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a) and Mauritania (Vervoort 2006; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 52 to 2050 m (Vervoort 2006). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 102–103 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Filellum Hincks, 1869</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFEEF278FF76FCEEFDD00AFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFEDF278FF76FF7DFDF80C2E.text	846787B2FFEDF278FF76FF7DFDF80C2E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Filellum serratum (Clarke 1879)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Filellum cf. serratum (Clarke, 1879)</p>
            <p> Lafoea serrata Clarke, 1879: 242 , pl. 4 fig. 25. </p>
            <p> Filellum serratum :? Millard, 1975: 178, fig. 59A–C.— Millard, 1978: 177.— Hirohito, 1995: 110–112, fig. 31A–C.—Calder, 1998: 1852–1853.— Peña Cantero et al., 1998: 304–308, figs 1–2.— Marques et al., 2011. </p>
            <p> Filellum cf. serratum : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 54–55.— Vervoort, 2006: 231–232.—Gil et al.,. 2020: 423–425, fig. 2C–E. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: one colony without coppiniae, growing on  Nemertesia ramosa . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: three colonies without coppiniae, of which one growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum and the two others on  Aglaophenia lophocarpa . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 183 colonies without coppiniae, of which 125 growing on bryozoans, 13 on unidentified hydroids, 12 on  Eudendrium capillare , 10 on  Idiellana pristis , four on  Diphasia digitalis , two on  Bimeria vestita , two on  Amphisbetia distans , one on  Garveia nutans , one on  Sertularella sp. , one on  Tridentata marginata , one on  Tridentata loculosa , one on  Obelia dichotoma , and one on a crustacean. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: seven colonies without coppiniae, of which six growing on an unidentified hydroid.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS200, 10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W, 79 m, 4-XI-2008: two colonies without coppiniae, growing on  Sertularelloides cylindritheca . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS226, 11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W, 35–37 m, 9-XI-2008: one colony without coppiniae, growing on  Halecium halecinum . </p>
            <p> Remarks. The present material is consistent with that described by Gil et al. (2020), also as  Filellum cf. serratum , and represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p> Biology.  Filellum serratum has been found growing on a wide variety of invertebrates, mainly hydroids (Peña Cantero et al. 1998; Vervoort 2006; Gil et al. 2020). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in July and August (Peña Cantero et al. 1998), while in the southern hemisphere, coppinae were found in March (Ritchie 1911). </p>
            <p>In our material, colonies were found growing on hydroids, bryozoans and crustaceans. Coppinae were not observed.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Filellum serratum is considered as a circumglobal species (Peña Cantero et al. 1998); nevertheless, some records based on sterile material are doubtful (Vervoort 2006; Gil et al. 2020). In West Africa, it has been recorded from the Canary Islands (Vervoort 2006), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a; Gil et al. 2020) and the Cape Verde Archipelago (Vervoort 2006). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0–2000 m (Millard 1978; Calder 1998). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–306 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Lafoea Lamouroux, 1821</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFEDF278FF76FF7DFDF80C2E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFEDF279FF76F92FFC93095B.text	846787B2FFEDF279FF76F92FFC93095B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lafoea gracillima (Alder 1856)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lafoea gracillima (Alder, 1856)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 3D)</p>
            <p> Campanularia gracillima Alder, 1856: 361 , Pl. XIV figs 5, 6. </p>
            <p> Lafoea gracillima : Jäderholm, 1909: 74, Pl. VII figs 6, 7.— Calder, 2012: 29–30, fig. 28.— Gil et al., 2020: 425–426. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS132, 11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W, depth unknown, 23-X-2008:three colonies without coppiniae, up to 3 mm high, of which one growing on a polychaete tube and another on  Desmophyllum pertusum . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 51 colonies without coppiniae, 6–58 mm high, of which 14 growing on  Diphasia margareta , nine on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum , three on  Aglaophenia lophocarpa , three on  Aglaophenia tubulifera , one on  Diphasia sp. , two on polychaete tubes and two on bryozoans. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS177, 10º10'16"– 10º11'00"N, 17º07'21"– 17º07'54"W, 382–387 m, 31-X-2008: one colony without coppiniae, 18 mm high.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without coppiniae.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The taxonomic status of  L. gracillima has recently been discussed by Calder (2012) and Gil et al. (2020). Our material is consistent with that described by Gil et al. (2020) from the coral mounds off Mauritania. This is the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on different types of bottoms (Jäderholm 1909), on  Tubularia indivisa Linnaeus, 1758 (Calder 2012), on  M. oculata and the bivalve  A. excavata (Gil et al. 2020) . </p>
            <p> In our material, colonies were found growing on hydroids, worm tubes, bryozoans and  D. pertusum . Coppiniae where not observed. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Lafoea gracillima is considered as an amphi-Atlantic species (Calder 2012; Gil et al. 2020). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco to the Cape Verde Archipelago (Gil et al. 2020). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 20–30 m (Calder 2012) to 640 m depth (Gil et al. 2020). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–387 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFEDF279FF76F92FFC93095B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFECF279FF76FCC4FE290986.text	846787B2FFECF279FF76FCC4FE290986.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hebellidae Fraser 1912	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Hebellidae Fraser, 1912</p>
            <p> Genus  Hebella Allman, 1888</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFECF279FF76FCC4FE290986	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFECF277FF76FC54FC91082F.text	846787B2FFECF277FF76FC54FC91082F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hebella ritchiei Vervoort 1959	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hebella ritchiei Vervoort, 1959</p>
            <p>(Fig. 4A; Table 1)</p>
            <p> Hebella ritchiei Vervoort, 1959: 244–245 , fig. 17.— Vervoort, 1966: 123–124, fig. 26. </p>
            <p> Lafoëa tenellula : Ritchie, 1911: 820–821, pl. LXXXVIII fig. 5. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 420 colonies (35 with gonothecae), of which 417 growing on unidentified hydroids, one on a worm tube, one on a bryozoan and one on a crustacean.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: 16 colonies (15 of them with gonothecae), all growing on unidentified hydroids.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: six colonies with gonothecae, all growing on unidentified hydroids.</p>
            <p>Description. Colonies stolonal. Hydrothecae borne on short and slightly undulated pedicels, arising from a thin stolon, usually growing along the stems and hydrocladia of a syntheciid colony, and close to the hydrothecae of the host; long, almost cylindrical, tapering and rounded below, and there separated from the pedicel by a thin, transversely-set membrane; aperture distal, transverse, circular in apical view, with slightly everted margin, and usually with 2–3 renovations.</p>
            <p>Gonothecae much bigger than the hydrothecae, exceedingly long, with almost parallel walls, gradually narrowing towards base, attached to stolon by a short, curved stalk. Aperture circular, closed by a membrane with a hemispherical depression (Fig. 4A).</p>
            <p>Remarks. Our material is consistent with that described by Vervoort (1959) from the Republic of Guinea, and allows the description of the gonothecae of this species for the first time.</p>
            <p> Hebella ritchiei is a species considered as doubtful by Boero et al. (1997) and a taxon inquirendum in WoRMS. This is evidently due to the morphology of its trophosome that is similar to that of other  Hebella species , such as  H. scandens (Bale, 1888) or  H. plana Ritchie, 1907 . However, the morphology of its gonotheca is completely different from that of the other species, allowing us to support the specific validity of this hydroid. </p>
            <p> Currently, the status of the family  Hebellidae is doubtful (Calder &amp; Faucci 2021). During the last decades, several life cycle and genetic studies have been carried out by different authors (Migotto &amp; Andrade 2000; Marques et al. 2006; Peña Cantero et al. 2010; Moura et al. 2012; Maronna et al. 2016), establishing that this family is polyphyletic and in need of a thorough revision. </p>
            <p> Biology.  Hebella ritchiei was found growing on  Hincksella cylindrica (Bale, 1888) (Vervoort 1959) . Gonothecae were unknown. </p>
            <p>In our material, almost all colonies were growing on unidentified hydroids; in addition, three colonies were collected from a worm tube, a bryozoan and a crustacean, respectively. Colonies with gonothecae, previously unknown in this species, were found in November.</p>
            <p> Distribution. This species was recorded from Australia by Ritchie (1911, as  Lafoea tenellula ) and the Republic of Guinea by Vervoort (1959). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 30 (Vervoort 1959) to 108 m (Ritchie 1911). </p>
            <p>Our colonies were collected at depths between 21–25 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFECF277FF76FC54FC91082F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE2F274FF76FB28FCE5095B.text	846787B2FFE2F274FF76FB28FCE5095B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hebella scandens (Bale 1888)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hebella scandens (Bale, 1888)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 4B–D)</p>
            <p> Lafoea scandens Bale, 1888: 758–759 , pl. 13 figs 16–19. </p>
            <p> Hebella scandens : Vervoort, 1959: 237–238, fig. 12.—Millard, 1975: 185–184, fig. 60 F–G.— Migotto, 1996: 26–27, fig. 6A– B.— Boero et al., 1997: 8–11, fig. 2.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 58–59, fig. 11C–D.— Galea, 2013: 15, figs 3L, U–Y; 4F. </p>
            <p> Hebellopsis scandens : Calder, 1991: 43–45, fig. 27. </p>
            <p> Hebella michaelseni : Broch, 1914: 32, fig. 2. </p>
            <p> Hebella calcarata : Leloup, 1937: 96–97.— Vervoort, 1946: 304–305. </p>
            <p> Hebella scandends var. michaelseni : Vervoort, 1959: 238–239, fig. 13.— Gili et al., 1989: 72–73, fig. 3A. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS143, 11º15'35"– 11º16'30"N, 17º09'49"– 17º09'49"W, 95–96 m, 25-X-2008: one colony growing on  Sertularelloides cylindritheca , without gonothecae. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 35 colonies (7 with gonothecae), of which 22 growing on  Idiellana pristis , four on unidentified hydroids, one on  Eudendrium capillare , one on  Bimeria vestita , one on  Halecium marocanum , one on  Tridentata loculosa and one on  Tridentata marginata . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: three colonies (one colony with gonothecae), of which one growing on an unidentified hydroid, one on  Diphasia digitalis and one on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS200, 10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W, 79 m, 4-XI-2008: two colonies without gonothecae, both growing on  Sertularelloides cylindritheca . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on an unidentified hydroid.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS226, 11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W, 35–37 m, 9-XI-2008: 44 colonies without gonothecae, all growing on  Sertularelloides cylindritheca . </p>
            <p>Remarks. Most of the colonies found in the Bissau-0811 material occurred on several species of sertulariids, a situation also documented by Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa (2002).</p>
            <p>Biology. As in our material, this species has been usually found as an epibiont of other hydroids, but it has also been found growing on algae, sponges and bryozoans (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in July, August and December (Vervoort 1959; Altuna 1994b; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002), while in the southern hemisphere, gonothecae were found in January, February, April, August to October (Millard 1957; Millard &amp; Bouillon 1973; Migotto 1996).</p>
            <p>In our material, some colonies were colonizing different species of hydroids. Gonothecae were found in November.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Hebella scandens is a circumglobal species (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Galea 2013). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Western Sahara (Leloup 1937; Vervoort 1946, both as  Hebella calcarata ), Mauritania (Billard 1931b; Vervoort 1946, both as  H. calcarata ), Guinea-Bissau (Gili et al. 1989), the Republic of Guinea, the Ivory Coast (Vervoort 1959), Ghana (Buchanan 1957, as  H. calcarata ; Vervoort 1959). Gabon (Vervoort 1959) and Angola (Broch 1914; Bouillon et al. 1995, as  H. michaelseni ). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 to 164 m (Millard 1975). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–96 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE2F274FF76FB28FCE5095B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE0F275FF76FD1EFDB30950.text	846787B2FFE0F275FF76FD1EFDB30950.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campanulariidae Johnston 1836	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Campanulariidae Johnston, 1836</p>
            <p> Genus  Campanularia Lamarck, 1816</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE0F275FF76FD1EFDB30950	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE0F272FF76FCEEFD940AFF.text	846787B2FFE0F272FF76FCEEFD940AFF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campanularia hincksii Alder 1856	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Campanularia hincksii Alder, 1856</p>
            <p> Campanularia hincksii Alder, 1856: 360 , pl. 13 fig. 9.— Millard, 1966a: 471–472, fig. 12A–D.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 233– 235, fig. 66.— Cornelius, 1995b: 229–231, fig. 52.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 28–30.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 138–142, fig. 27A–B. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae growing on  Bimeria vestita . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: two colonies, up to 12 mm high, without gonothecae; one of them growing on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: 24 colonies (3 with gonothecae), up to 15 mm high, of which 21 growing on bryozoans, and one epizootically on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: five colonies (three with gonothecae), of which three growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS200, 10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W, 79 m, 4-XI-2008: three colonies without gonothecae, of which two growing on  Sertularelloides cylindritheca and one on  Sertularella gayi . </p>
            <p>Remarks. This is a well-known species that requires no further comments.</p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on a wide variety of substrates, including invertebrates (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies have been found throughout the year (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil et al. 2020), while in the southern hemisphere, gonothecae were found in January (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b), July and October (Millard 1966a).</p>
            <p>In our material, colonies were found growing on hydroids and bryozoans. Gonothecae were found in November.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Campanularia hincksii is a circumglobal species (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002) widely distributed in West Africa (Gil et al. 2020) and also recorded from the Vema and Valdivia Seamounts (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). Its bathymetric distribution extends from the tidal level to a depth of 1200 m (Leloup 1940; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–79 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Orthopyxis L. Agassiz, 1862</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE0F272FF76FCEEFD940AFF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE7F272FF76FF7DFBFB0D5A.text	846787B2FFE7F272FF76FF7DFBFB0D5A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Orthopyxis mollis (Stechow 1919)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Orthopyxis mollis (Stechow, 1919)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 5A–B; Table 3)</p>
            <p> Clytia mollis Stechow, 1919: 44–45 , fig. L. </p>
            <p> Orthopyxis mollis : Picard, 1951b: 344–346, fig. 3. </p>
            <p> non  Orthopysis mollis : Ralph, 1957: 840, fig. 7E–K.— Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 440–441, fig. 107I–T.— Galea, 2007: 86–88, fig. 20E, F (=  Campanularia lennoxensis Jäderholm, 1903 ). </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 63 colonies (one with male gonothecae), up to 11 mm high, of which 23 growing on bryozoans, 11 on  Idiellana pristis , six on  Diphasia digitalis , two on  Eudendrium capillare , two on crustaceans, one on  Bimeria vestita and one on  Tridentata loculosa . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: 13 colonies (two with male gonothecae), 19–39 mm high, of which six growing on bryozoans, one on  Eudendrium sp. , one on  Halecium sp. and one on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p>Description. Colonies arising from filiform hydrorhiza adhering to substrate, composed of scattered pedicels, each bearing apically a hydrotheca. Pedicels usually long, irregularly undulated and never ramified. Undulations more pronounced in some parts than in others with, sometimes, transverse nodes, indicating breakage followed by regeneration. A sub-hydrothecal spherule between the hydrotheca and its corresponding pedicel.</p>
            <p>Hydrothecae deeply campanulate, smooth-walled, tapering towards base. Basal part rounded, with diaphragm formed by an annular thickening delimiting a small basal chamber. Hydrothecal rim circular, with 10 to 12 low rounded cusps separated by U-shaped incisions of equal dimension.</p>
            <p>Male gonothecae given off from stolon, long, elliptic, borne on short, undulated pedicels. Aperture circular, located at distal end. Female gonothecae not seen.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The synonymy of this species given by Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003) proved partly erroneous, with several South-American records reassigned to either  Campanularia lennoxensis Jäderholm, 1903 (see Galea et al. 2009: 16–17) or  Campanularia hartlaubi (El Beshbeeshy, 2011) (see Galea &amp; Schories 2012a: 59). Consequently, it is assumed that the records of  O. mollis by Ralph (1957) and Vervoort &amp; Watson (2003) likely belong to different species, based on their geographically remote areas of occurrence. </p>
            <p>Our material agrees well with those described by Stechow (1919) and Picard (1951b) in terms of colony structure and measurements.</p>
            <p> However,  O. mollis has only been recorded from the Mediterranean Sea and seems to be a species restricted to shallow waters. The present authors have studied abundant material collected from West Africa and have never recorded this species, possibly because their materials originated from deep waters. Ansín Agís et al. (2001) and Gil &amp; Ramil (2017a) have highlighted the importance of the Atlantic-Mediterranean species in West Africa, emphasising the importance of the current systems in the southward dispersion of sessile epifauna (Van Soes 1993). It is therefore not surprising that this first record of  O. mollis for Guinea Bissau, stands also for the West Africa, as well. </p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on algae (Stechow 1919, as  Clytia mollis ; Picard 1951b). In the northern hemisphere gonothecae have been found in August (Stechow 1919; Picard 1951b). </p>
            <p> In our material, most of the colonies were growing on bryozoans and the hydroids  I. pristis ,  T. loculosa ,  D. digitalis ,  E. capillare ,  B. vestita ,  Eudendrium sp. and  Halecium sp. ; however, two colonies were also found growing on crustaceans. Gonothecae were found in November. </p>
            <p>Distribution. This species has only been collected from the Mediterranean, and its distribution seems to be restricted to shallow waters (Picard 1951b).</p>
            <p>  Our colonies were collected from Guinea-Bissau at depths between 21–25 m. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE7F272FF76FF7DFBFB0D5A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE5F270FF76FDE1FDCB08EB.text	846787B2FFE5F270FF76FDE1FDCB08EB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytiidae Cockerell 1911	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Clytiidae Cockerell, 1911</p>
            <p> Genus  Clytia Lamouroux, 1812</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE5F270FF76FDE1FDCB08EB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE5F271FF76FD71FC9308E7.text	846787B2FFE5F271FF76FD71FC9308E7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia gracilis (M. Sars 1850)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Clytia gracilis (M. Sars, 1850)</p>
            <p> Laomedea gracilis M. Sars, 1851: 138 . </p>
            <p> Clytia gracilis : Picard, 1951a: 110.— Patriti, 1970: 33, fig. 40.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 235–238, fig. 67A.— Cornelius, 1995b: 246–248, fig. 56.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 32–34.— Schuchert, 2001: 151–152, fig. 131A–B.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 145–146, fig. 28A–B. </p>
            <p> Laomedea sp. aff. gracilis : Broch, 1914: 37–38. </p>
            <p> Laomedea gracilis : Buchanan, 1957: 358–359.— Redier, 1965: 372. </p>
            <p> Laomedea (Phialidium) pelagica : Vervoort, 1959: 313–315, fig. 55B–C. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: nine colonies without gonothecae, of which six growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum , one on  Turritopsis sp. , one on  Lafoea gracillima and one on  Aglaophenia lophocarpa . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 219 colonies (90 with gonothecae), 16–19 mm high, of which 34 growing on  Idiellana pristis , 33 on bryozoans, 31 on  Eudendrium capillare , 26 on crustaceans, 14 on  Diphasia digitalis , 10 on unidentified hydroids, four on  Bimeria vestita , two on  Tridentata loculosa , two on bivalves, one on  Eudendrium ramosum , one on  Halecium marocanum , one on  Tridentata marginata , one on a worm tube, and one on a rope. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: three colonies without gonothecae, up to 22 mm high, of which one growing on  Idiellana pristis and another one on a crustacean. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: 14 colonies (seven with gonothecae), growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: 10 colonies (five with gonothecae), up to 5 mm high, of which seven growing on bryozoans, two on  Idiellana pristis and one on  Eudendrium ramosum . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: 21 colonies (12 with gonothecae), of which seven growing on bryozoans, three on  Idiellana pristis , one on  Diphasia digitalis , one on  Tridentata marginata and one on a crustacean. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: eight colonies without gonothecae, of which seven growing on  Halecium beanii . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS226, 11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W, 35–37 m, 9-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on  Sertularelloides cylindritheca . </p>
            <p>CCLME-1205, stn BT318, 10º41'43"– 10º43'12"N, 16º48'37"– 16º48'55"W, 107 m, 18-V-2012: one colony 109 mm high without gonothecae, growing on a bivalve.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Our material conforms to that described by Ramil &amp;Vervoort (1992a). Deep, campanulate hydrothecae with acute, inwardly curved marginal cups inclined to one side, and urn-shaped, distally-truncate gonothecae, are diagnostic features of this species.</p>
            <p> Biology.  Clytia gracilis is a common epibiont of other hydroids, being also found on rocks and pebbles, algae, sponges, bryozoans, mollusk shells, mollusk eggs, worm tubes and barnacles (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae have been found from April to December (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p>In our material, it was found growing on hydroids, crustaceans, bryozoans, worm tubes and bivalves. Gonothecae were found in November.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Clytia gracilis is a circumglobal species in temperate and tropical waters (Calder 2013), and it is widely distributed in the East Atlantic, from England to South Africa (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Galea 2007). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a), Mauritania (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), Guinea-Bissau [Vervoort 1959, as  L. (Phialidium) pelagica ], the Republic of Guinea [Picard 1951a; Vervoort 1959, as  L. (Phialidium) pelagica ], the Ivory Coast (Redier 1965, as  L. gracilis ), Ghana [Buchanan 1957, as  L. gracilis ; Vervoort 1959, as  L. (Phialidium) pelagica ], Cameroon, Angola (Broch 1914, as  Laomedea sp. aff. gracilis ) and the Vema Seamount (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002) to 1443 m (Schuchert 2001). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–305 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE5F271FF76FD71FC9308E7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE4F271FF76FD58FCE50C7F.text	846787B2FFE4F271FF76FD58FCE50C7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus 1767)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767)</p>
            <p> Medusa  hemisphaerica Linnaeus, 1767: 1098 . </p>
            <p> Clytia hemisphaerica : Millard, 1975: 217–218, fig. 72A–D.— Gili et al., 1989: 106, fig. 30B–C.— Calder, 1991: 57–61, fig. 32.— Cornelius, 1995b: 252–255, fig. 57.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 34–38.— Schuchert, 2001: 152, fig. 132.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 147–149, fig. 28C–D. </p>
            <p> Campanularia johnstoni : Leloup, 1937: 97–98, fig. 3.— Buchanan, 1957: 358.— Vervoort, 1959: 312–313.— Patriti 1970: 32, fig. 39.— Redier, 1971: 504. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: four colonies without gonothecae, of which two growing on crustaceans, one on  Dynamena disticha and one on a bryozoan. </p>
            <p> Remarks. The more hemispherical hydrothecae with rounded, not inwardly curved marginal cusps and the morphology of the gonothecae are diagnostic, and separate this species from  C. gracilis . </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has usually been found as an epibiont on algae, other hydroids, bryozoans, worm tubes, other invertebrates, floating objects and in fouling communities. In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found throughout the year (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002).</p>
            <p> In our material, colonies were found growing on crustaceans, the hydroid  D. disticha and on a bryozoan. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Clytia hemisphaerica is a circumglobal species (Calder 1991; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Patriti 1970), West Sahara (Leloup 1937, as  Campanularia johnstoni ), Mauritania (Vervoort 2006), Guinea-Bissau, the Republic of Guinea (Vervoort 1959, as  C. johnstoni ), the Ivory Coast (Redier 1971, as  C. johnstoni ), Ghana (Buchanan 1957, as  C. johnstoni ) and Namibia (Gili et al. 1989). Its bathymetric distribution extends from 0 to 702 m (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–25 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE4F271FF76FD58FCE50C7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFE4F24EFF76F920FCE50977.text	846787B2FFE4F24EFF76F920FCE50977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia linearis (Thornely 1900)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 5C–D)</p>
            <p> Obelia linearis Thornely, 1900: 453 , pl. 44 fig. 6.  Clytia linearis : Calder, 1991: 62–64, fig. 34.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 238–239, fig. 67b.— Altuna, 1994a: 60–65, figs 1, </p>
            <p>2.— Migotto, 1996: 85–86, fig. 16A–B.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 38–39.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002:</p>
            <p> 149–152, fig. 28 e–f.— Calder, 2013: 55, fig. 15F.  Clytia gravieri : Millard, 1975: 215–217, fig. 71F–H.— Marinopoulos, 1981: 176. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: four colonies 25 mm high with gonothecae, of which one growing on a crustacean.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony, 20 mm high without gonothecae, growing on a bryozoan.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony, 9 mm high without gonothecae, growing on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p>Remarks. Although gonothecae were not found, the presence of perisarcal ridges running downward from the hydrothecal along the hydrothecal wall is diagnostic of this species (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a). Our material represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p> Biology.  Clytia linearis colonizes a great variety of substrates, usually algae and other hydroids, but also rocks, bio-concretions, seagrasses, sponges, anthozoans, bryozoans, worm tubes, mollusks and barnacles (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae have been found in January, April, May and between June and November (Altuna 1994a; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002), while in the southern hemisphere, fertile colonies were found in March and April (Migotto 1996). </p>
            <p> In our material, some colonies were found growing on crustaceans, bryozoans and on the hydroid  I. pristis . Gonothecae were found in November. </p>
            <p>Distribution. This species has a circumtropical distribution (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Calder 2013) and it is considered a Lessepsian migrant in the Mediterranean by Boero et al. (2005). In West Africa, it has been collected from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a) and the Cape Verde Islands (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002) to 200 m (Marinopoulos 1981).</p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–29 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFE4F24EFF76F920FCE50977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFDBF24EFF76FC28FCE50DCE.text	846787B2FFDBF24EFF76FC28FCE50DCE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytia paulensis (Vanhoffen 1910)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Clytia paulensis (Vanhöffen, 1910)</p>
            <p> Campanularia paulensis Vanhöffen, 1910: 298 , fig. 19. </p>
            <p> Clytia paulensis : Ramil, 1988: 240–244.— Gili et al., 1989: 106–107, fig. 31A.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 239, fig 67C– D.— Cornelius, 1995b: 258–260, fig. 59.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 39–41.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 152–154, fig. 29A–C.— Vervoort, 2006: 271–272.— Galea, 2007: 89–90; fig. 20J–L. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 10 colonies without gonothecae, of which four growing on  Idiellana pristis , three on  Eudendrium capilllare , two on unidentified hydroids and one on a bryozoan. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: six colonies without gonothecae, of which five growing on bryozoans and one on  Halecium delicatulum . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on a bryozoan.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: seven colonies without gonothecae growing on  Halecium beanii . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS226, 11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W, 35–37 m, 9-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae growing on  Halecium halecinum . </p>
            <p>Remarks. This is a well-known species that requires no further comments.</p>
            <p> Biology.  Clytia paulensis has been found growing on algae and on a wide range of invertebrates, such as polychaete tubes, bryozoans, ascidians, mollusk shells, anthozoans, gastropods and other hydroids (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Vervoort 2006; Galea 2007; Gil et al. 2020). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found from April to August (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002), and propagulae have been found in October by Boero &amp; Fresi (1986). </p>
            <p>Colonies studied by us were found growing on hydroids and bryozoans. Gonothecae were not observed.</p>
            <p>Distribution. This species has a circumglobal distribution (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Galea 2007). Its distribution in West Africa has been documented recently by Gil et al. (2020). Its bathymetric range ranges from 0 to 574 m (Ramil 1988; Gil et al. 2020).</p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 21–58 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFDBF24EFF76FC28FCE50DCE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFDAF24FFF76FE85FDB50F0E.text	846787B2FFDAF24FFF76FE85FDB50F0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Laomedea calceolifera (Hincks 1871)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Laomedea calceolifera (Hincks, 1871)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 5E–F)</p>
            <p> Campanularia calceolifera Hincks, 1871: 78–79 , pl. 6. </p>
            <p> Laomedea calceolifera : Cornelius, 1995b: 274–277, fig. 63.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 41–44, figs 9, 10A.— Bouillon et al., 2004: 198, fig. 112A–F.— Vervoort, 2006: 272. </p>
            <p> Eulaomedea calceolifera : Millard, 1975: 223–224, fig. 73G–H. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS131, 11º34'07"– 11º33'13"N, 17º11'25"– 17º11'31"W, 102–103 m, 23-X-2008: two colonies, 14–27 mm high, with female gonothecae.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony, growing on a crustacean, with female gonothecae.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The shape of the female gonothecae, with the distal end bent downwards over the laterally-set aperture, is diagnostic for the species. Our finding represents the first record of  L. calceolifera for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on algae, sponges, barnacles (Ramil 1988) and mollusk shells (Ramil 1988; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000). In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found in February, April, May–August, and October (Fey 1969; Ramil 1988; Cornelius 1995b), while in the southern hemisphere, fertile colonies were found in December (Cornelius 1995b).</p>
            <p>In our material, one colony was growing on a crustacean, and gonothecae were observed in October and, for the first time, in November.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Laomedea calceolifera is widely distributed in the East Atlantic, from the Arctic Seas to South Africa, including the Mediterranean, and in the West Atlantic, from Canada to Brazil (Ramil 1988; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000). The species has also been recorded from the Pacific coast of USA (Leloup 1960) and as an introduced species in Japan (Chaplygina 1993). In West Africa, it has been recorded only from the Cape Verde Islands (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Vervoort 2006) and Cape Town in South Africa (Millard 1975). Its bathymetric distribution extends from the intertidal (Ramil 1988) to 1875 m (Zvyagintsev et al. 2010). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–103 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Obelia Péron &amp; Lesueur, 1810</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFDAF24FFF76FE85FDB50F0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFDAF24FFF76FF35FD810AB7.text	846787B2FFDAF24FFF76FF35FD810AB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obeliidae Haeckel 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Obeliidae Haeckel, 1879</p>
            <p> Genus  Laomedea Lamouroux, 1812</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFDAF24FFF76FF35FD810AB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFDAF24CFF76FACFFC930987.text	846787B2FFDAF24CFF76FACFFC930987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obelia bidentata Clark 1875	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Obelia bidentata Clark, 1875</p>
            <p> Obelia bidentata Clark, 1875: 58–59 , pl. 9 fig. 2.— Gili et al., 1989, 106–107, fig. 3B.— Calder, 1991: 70–72, fig. 37.— Ramil </p>
            <p>&amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 241–243, fig. 68A–B.— Cornelius, 1995b: 292–295, fig. 68.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 46–49, fig.</p>
            <p> 12.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 159–161, fig. 31A.— Vervoort, 2006: 272–273.  Obelia bifurcata : Billard, 1906a: 71.  Laomedea bicuspidata : Vervoort, 1946: 344–345, fig. 10A–B.— Buchanan, 1957: 359.  Obelia bicuspidata : Patriti, 1970: 36, fig. 46.  Obelia oxydentata : Picard, 1951a: 110. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS134, 11º28'17"– 11º29'11"N, 17º13'12"– 17º13'22"W, 374–385 m, 23-X-2008: one colony 36 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS142 11º14'17"– 11º13'22"N, 17º13'07"– 17º13'12"W, 335–393 m, 25-X-2008: two colonies, 25–35 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: two colonies, 21–139 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: eight colonies without gonothecae, 4–30 mm high, of which one growing on  Aglaophenia lophocarpa , one on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum , one on  Diphasia margareta , one on a worm tube and one on a bryozoan. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: two colonies, 35–36 mm high with gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>  CCLME 2012-404, stn SL-04, 10º48’29’’N, 16º34’57’’W, 32 m, 18-V-2012: two colonies up to 20 mm high without gonothecae, both growing on  Eudendrium sp . </p>
            <p>Remarks. The large and deep, campanulate hydrothecae provided with about 10 bicuspidate cups on the hydrothecal rim are diagnostic for this species.</p>
            <p> Biology.  Obelia bidentata colonizes a great variety of substrates, such as rocks, bio-concretions, algae, seagrasses, hydrozoans, bryozoans, worm tubes, mollusk shells (sometimes inhabited by hermit crabs), isopods, cirripedes, ascidians, wreck hulls and fouling communities (Cornelius 1995b; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae have been found in February (Vervoort 1959; Gili et al. 1989) and between May and December (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p> In our material, colonies were found growing on the hydroids  A. lophocarpa ,  L. myriophyllum ,  D. margareta and  Eudendrium sp. , as well as on worm tubes and bryozoans. Gonothecae were found in November. </p>
            <p> Distribution. This species has mainly a circumglobal distribution in tropical and temperate waters (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), but it has also been recorded from the Southern Ocean (Peña Cantero 2004). In West Africa, it has been collected from Morocco (Patriti 1970), Western Sahara (Vervoort 1946, as  Laomedea bicuspidata ), Mauritania (Billard 1906a, as  Obelia bifurca ; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), the Cape Verde region (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000), Senegal (Picard 1951a, as  Obelia oxydentata ), Gambia [Vervoort 1959, as  L. (Obelia) bicuspidata ], Guinea-Bissau [Vervoort 1959, as  L. (Obelia) bicuspidata ; Gili et al. 1989], Ghana [Buchanan 1957, as  L. bicuspidata ; Vervoort 1959, as  L. (Obelia) bicuspidata ] and Nigeria [Vervoort 1959, as  L. (Obelia) bicuspidata ]. Its bathymetric distribution extends from 0.5 (Calder 1991) to 2600 m (Vervoort 2006). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 32–385 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFDAF24CFF76FACFFC930987	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD9F24DFF76FBB8FC910BE3.text	846787B2FFD9F24DFF76FBB8FC910BE3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p> Sertularia dichotoma Linnaeus, 1758: 812 . </p>
            <p> Laomedea dichotoma : Broch 1914: 37.— Leloup, 1937: 100.— Buchanan, 1957: 359. </p>
            <p> Obelia dichotoma : Picard, 1951a: 111.— Rees &amp; Thursfield, 1965: 98–99.—Millard, 1975: 229–230, fig. 75A–B.— Gili et al., 1989: 107–108, fig. 32A–B.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 243–244, fig. 68C.— Cornelius, 1995b: 296–300, fig. 69.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 49–53, fig. 10C–D.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 161–162, fig. 31B–C. </p>
            <p> Laomedea (Obelia) dichotoma : Vervoort, 1959: 315–316. </p>
            <p> Obelia hyalina : Billard, 1931a: 675. </p>
            <p> Clytia longicyatha : Billard, 1906b: 168. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: nine colonies (one with gonothecae), up to 10 mm high, of which six growing on crustaceans, one on  Diphasia digitalis and one on  Clytia gracilis . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: 10 colonies without gonothecae, 5–12 mm high, of which seven growing on bryozoans and one on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: two colonies without gonothecae growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p>Remarks. The campanulate hydrothecae with a slightly polygonal margin (in apical view), marked by indistinct longitudinal plicae, and the presence of gonothecae allowed an accurate identification of this species.</p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on rocks, algae, seagrasses, hydroids and a wide range of other invertebrates, such as sponges, anthozoans, bryozoans, polychaetes, mollusks, and crustaceans (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). It has also been found on swimming animals, such as fish, turtles and even parasitic copepods on fish (Cornelius 1995b). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found throughout the year (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002).</p>
            <p> In our material, colonies were found growing on the hydroids  C. gracilis ,  D. digitalis and  I. pristis , as well as on crustaceans and bryozoans. Gonothecae were found in November. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Obelia dichotoma is a species with a circumglobal distribution (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Billard 1906b, as  Clytia longicyatha ; Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a), Mauritania (Billard 1906b, as  C. longicyatha ; Billard 1931b, as  Obelia hyalina ; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), Western Sahara (Leloup 1937, as  L. dichotoma ), the Cape Verde Islands (Rees &amp; Thursfield 1965; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000), Senegal (Picard 1951a), Gambia [Vervoort 1959, as  L. (Obelia) dichotoma ], Guinea-Bissau [Vervoort 1959, as  L. (Obelia) dichotoma ; Gili et al. 1989], Senegal, Angola [Vervoort 1959, as  L. (Obelia) dichotoma ], Ghana (Buchanan 1957), São Thomé (Broch 1914, as  L. dichotoma ) and the Vema Seamount (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from the intertidal (Cornelius 1995b; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000) to 540 m (Vervoort 2006). </p>
            <p>Our colonies were collected at depths between 24–29 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD9F24DFF76FBB8FC910BE3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD8F24DFF76FE5CFC930D19.text	846787B2FFD8F24DFF76FE5CFC930D19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obelia pseudodichotoma (Vervoort 1959) Gil & Ramil 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Obelia pseudodichotoma (Vervoort, 1959) comb. nov.</p>
            <p>(Fig. 6A–C)</p>
            <p> Laomedea (Eulaomedea) pseudodichotoma Vervoort, 1959: 316–318 , figs 56, 57.  Laomedea pseudodichotoma : Redier, 1971: 505.— Cornelius, 1982: 111–112, fig. 21.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 240–241, fig. </p>
            <p>67E.— Álvarez Claudio, 1993: 376–377, fig. 65.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 44–46, figs 10B, 11.— Peña Cantero &amp; García</p>
            <p> Carrascosa, 2002: 156, fig. 30A–B.  Obelia dichotoma : Ritchie, 1907: 502–503. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS181, 10º14'20"– 10º13'43"N, 17º02'14"– 17º01'34"W, 223–224 m, 1-XI-2008: one colony 12 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: nine colonies (one with gonothecae), 13–21 mm high, of which two growing on crustaceans and another one on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p> Additional material.  Mauritania, CCLME 2012-404, stn SL-13, 16º19’51’’N, 16º36’51’’W, 34 m, 30-V-2012: several colonies 9−35 mm high, some with gonothecae . </p>
            <p> CCLME 2012-404, stn SL-20, 19º18’22’’N, 16º44’50’W, 30 m, 08-VI-2012: three colonies (one with gonothecae), 20−30 mm high, substrate unknown . </p>
            <p> Remarks. Vervoort (1959) included this species in the genus  Laomedea due to the presence (in the preserved material) of putative sessile heteromedusoid gonophores in the female gonotheca and apparently styloid gonophores in the male. However, we observed fully formed medusae within the gonothecae in our material from station SL-13 (Fig. 6C). The development of the gonophores as free medusae is a diagnostic feature of the genus  Obelia , but not of  Laomedea , in which the gonophores develop as fixed sporosacs (Bouillon et al. 2006). This finding implies the placement of this species within  Obelia , under the binomen  Obelia pseudodichotoma (Vervoort, 1959) comb. nov.</p>
            <p>Our finding represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on  Sertularelloides cylindritheca (Allman, 1888) and ascidians (Vervoort 1959; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been collected in January, March−August and in December (Vervoort 1959; Vervoort 1966; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p> In our material, some colonies were growing on  I. pristis and on crustaceans. Gonothecae were found in November for the first time in this species. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Obelia pseudodichotoma comb. nov. is an East-Atlantic species distributed from the Bay of Biscay to Ghana with one record from the West Mediterranean, where it seems restricted to the Alboran Sea (Álvarez-Claudio 1993; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). The species is mainly known from the West African coast, where it has been recorded from Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), the Cape Verde Islands (Ritchie 1907), Senegal [Vervoort 1959, as  L. (Eulaomedea) pseudodichotoma ], the Ivory Coast (Redier 1971) and Ghana (Vervoort 1959). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 15 (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002) to 230 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–224 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD8F24DFF76FE5CFC930D19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFDEF24BFF76FF35FE2B0AB7.text	846787B2FFDEF24BFF76FF35FE2B0AB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haleciidae Hincks 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Haleciidae Hincks, 1869</p>
            <p> Genus  Halecium Oken, 1815</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFDEF24BFF76FF35FE2B0AB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFDEF24BFF76FE85FC930E9D.text	846787B2FFDEF24BFF76FE85FC930E9D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium beanii (Johnston 1838)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Halecium beanii (Johnston, 1838)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 6D–E)</p>
            <p> Thoa beanii Johnston, 1838: 120–121 , pl. 7 figs 1–2. </p>
            <p> Halecium beanii : Ralph, 1958: 332–334, fig. 10a, b, e–k.—Millard, 1975: 144–145, fig. 47A–E.— Cornelius, 1995a: 276–278, fig. 62.— Ramil et al., 1998: 7.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 8–12, fig. 1.— Schuchert, 2005: 615–618, figs 5, 6. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: one colony with female gonothecae, growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony with female gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: 20 colonies (six with male gonothecae, seven with female gonothecae), 35–255 mm high, of which one growing on a polychaete tube.</p>
            <p> Remarks. In the material studied here, some colonies from the station BS216 were found growing on other colonies of  H. beanii . This phenomenon was described by Millard (1973) as auto-epizoism, and was documented in some plumulariid and lafoeid hydroids. </p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on algae, rocks, concretions, barnacles, echinoderms, hydroids and the coral  D. pertusum (Gravili et al. 2015; Gil et al. 2020). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae have been observed throughout the year (Cornelius 1975; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), while in the southern hemisphere, fertile material was observed in January, February, May and October (Ralph, 1958; Schuchert 2005). </p>
            <p> In our material, colonies were found growing on  L. myriophyllum and a polychaete tube. Gonothecae were observed in October and November. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Halecium beanii is a circumglobal species (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Gil et al. 2020). Its distribution in West Africa has been recently revised by Gil et al. (2020). This species has a wide bathymetric distribution, ranging from 0 to 1134 m depth (Millard 1978). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–305 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFDEF24BFF76FE85FC930E9D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFDEF248FF76FAB5FC910E5F.text	846787B2FFDEF248FF76FAB5FC910E5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey 1876	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876</p>
            <p> Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876: 26 , pl. 3 figs 4–5.— Patriti, 1970: 23–24, fig. 20.—Millard, 1975: 145–147, fig. 47 F–L.— Gili et al., 1989: 78.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 82–85, fig. 20A–C.— Migotto, 1996: 30–31, fig. 6 D–L.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 12–13.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 63–66, fig. 12A–B.— Vervoort &amp; Watson, 2003: 88–90, figs 15I–L, 16A–E.— Schuchert, 2005: 629–631, fig. 12. </p>
            <p> Halecium gracile : Billard, 1906b: 163–164. </p>
            <p> Halecium parvulum : Vervoort, 1959: 227–229, fig. 7. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: six colonies without gonothecae, of which two growing on  Idiellana pristis , one on  Tridentata loculosa and one on a bryozoan. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: two colonies 10 mm high, without gonothecae, growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: 47 colonies (one with male and two with female gonothecae), 4–16 mm high, of which 45 growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: five colonies without gonothecae, 7–24 mm high, of which three growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: 13 colonies without gonothecae, 5–77 mm high, of which 10 growing on bryozoans and one on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS226, 11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W, 35–37 m, 9-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae growing on  Sertularelloides cylindritheca . </p>
            <p> Remarks. The presence of female gonothecae and the morphology of the colony allowed us to identify the present material as  H. delicatulum . </p>
            <p> Halecium mediterraneum Weismann, 1883 was considered a synonym of  H. delicatulum by Ralph (1958), Rees &amp; Vervoort (1987), Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992a) and Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa (2002). Schuchert (2005) described slight differences between colonies collected from New Zealand and the Mediterranean Sea. These differences were related to the variability of the female gonothecae, the number of eggs per gonotheca and the color and shape of the colonies, but he also pointed out that they may not be truly representative, and that the two nominal species are almost indistinguishable. Nevertheless, and mainly for biogeographical reasons, he kept the two species separate until a molecular approach clarifies their relationships. </p>
            <p> Given that almost all hydrozoan taxonomists in the last century have accepted the synonymy between  H. delicatulum and  H. mediterraneum , and that Schuchert’s conclusion is speculative, we prefer to keep the West African material under the name  Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876 . </p>
            <p> Biology. This species colonizes living substrates, such as rhizomes of  Posidonia oceanica , sponges, other hydroid species, anthozoans, mollusk shells, worm tubes, bryozoans, cirripedes and ascidians (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae were found from April to September (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002), while in the southern hemisphere, fertile colonies were found in March, June, July, August, October and November (Migotto 1996; Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003). </p>
            <p>In our material, colonies were found growing on hydroids and bryozoans. Gonothecae were observed in November.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Halecium delicatulum is a circumglobal species (Schuchert 2005). In West Africa, it has been collected from Morocco (Billard 1906b, as  H. gracile ; Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a), Mauritania (Billard 1906a, as  H. gracile ; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), Senegal, Guinea-Bissau and Ghana (Vervoort 1959, as  H. parvulum ; Gili et al. 1989). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Millard 1975) to 2250 m (Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003). </p>
            <p>Our colonies were collected at depths between 20–37 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFDEF248FF76FAB5FC910E5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFDDF246FF76FBC0FC9308CB.text	846787B2FFDDF246FF76FBC0FC9308CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium halecinum (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Halecium halecinum (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 7A)</p>
            <p> Sertularia halecina Linnaeus, 1758: 809 . </p>
            <p> Halecium halecinum : Vervoort, 1959: 225–226.— Patriti, 1970: 22–23, fig. 19.—Millard, 1975: 150–151, fig. 49A–E.— Cornelius, 1995a: 279–281, fig. 63.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 14–18, fig. 2.— Schuchert, 2005: 612–615, figs 3, 4.— Vervoort, 2006: 252. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: five colonies (one with male gonothecae), 66–235 mm high, of which one growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: two colonies without gonothecae, up to 8 mm high, both growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: two colonies, 41–54 mm high, without gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS226, 11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W, 35–37 m, 9-XI-2008: three colonies up to 28 mm high, without gonothecae, of which two growing on  Sertularelloides cylindritheca . </p>
            <p>CCLME-1110, stn BT49, 10º57'13"– 10º58'26"N, 16º59'29"– 17º00'29"W, 62 m, 29-X-2011: one colony without gonothecae growing on a polychaete tube.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The identification of this material as  H. halecinum is considered tentative because none of the colonies examined had female gonothecae. Nevertheless, their morphology is consistent with that described for this species by Cornelius (1995a) and Schuchert (2005), and at the same time different from the material with female gonothecae, which is undoubtedly identified as  H. beanii in this report. </p>
            <p>Some of the colonies showed ‘extensible polyps’, similar to those described by Gravier-Bonnet (2008) in her study of the polymorphism in hydroids, whose functions are probably defensive, excretory and perhaps sensory. Our material represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been reported colonizing a great variety of substrates, such as bryozoans, sponges, polychaete tubes, bivalves, stones and other hydroids (Cornelius 1995a; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been collected from April to July, September, November and December (Cornelius 1975; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Schuchert 2005; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), while in the southern hemisphere, gonothecae were observed in July (Millard 1966a).</p>
            <p> In our material, some colonies were found growing on worm tubes, bryozoans and the hydroid  S. cylindritheca . One colony with gonothecae was found in October. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Halecium halecinum is an almost cosmopolitan species (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Schuchert 2005), but it was not included among the hydroid fauna of the Southern Ocean (Peña Cantero 2004). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Patriti 1970; Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000), Mauritania (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), the Cape Verde Islands (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000), Senegal, Gambia (Vervoort 1959) and the Ivory Coast (Redier 1965, 1971). Its bathymetric distribution extends from the littoral zone down to 1387 m (Boero &amp; Fresi 1986; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–306 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFDDF246FF76FBC0FC9308CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD3F246FF76FD74FCE50D7D.text	846787B2FFD3F246FF76FD74FCE50D7D.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium lankesterii (Bourne 1890)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Halecium lankesterii (Bourne, 1890)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 7B)</p>
            <p> Haloikema lankesterii Bourne, 1890: 395–396 , pl. 26 figs. 1–2.  Halecium lankesterii : Vervoort, 1959: 221–224, figs 3–5.—Millard, 1975:153, fig. 50B–E.— Gili et al., 1989: 80, fig. 9.— </p>
            <p>Cornelius, 1995a: 285–287, fig. 65.—eña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 66–69, fig. 13A–C.— Schuchert, 2005:</p>
            <p> 618–620, fig. 7.  Halecium nanum : Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 18–21, fig. 4. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 12 colonies without gonothecae, up to 43 mm high, of which three growing on  Diphasia digitalis , one on  Eudendrium capillare , one on  Idiellana pristis and one on a worm tube. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: six colonies (five with female gonothecae), up to 8 mm high, all growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: five colonies (two with female gonothecae and one with male gonothecae), up to 5 mm high, of which four growing on bryozoans and one on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: four colonies with male gonothecae; all growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p>Remarks. As described by Vervoort (1959), our colonies have geniculate stems and, hydrocladia arising in a single plane.</p>
            <p> Biology.  Halecium lankesterii has been found growing on stones, algae, sponges, other hydroids species, anthozoans, bryozoans, worm tubes, bivalves and crustaceans (Vervoort 1959; Cornelius 1995a; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in April and between June and November (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Schuchert 2005). </p>
            <p>In our material, the colonies were found growing mainly on bryozoans, but also on other hydroids and worm tubes. Both female and male gonothecae were found in November.</p>
            <p>Distribution. This species has an East-Atlantic distribution, occurring from the English Channel and North Sea to South Africa (Schuchert 2005), with a record from Mozambique (Millard 1975). In Northwest Africa, it has been recorded from Guinea-Bissau and the Republic of Guinea (Vervoort 1959; Gili et al. 1989). Its bathymetric distribution extends from 0 to 167 m (Millard 1975; Gili et al. 1989).</p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–29 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD3F246FF76FD74FCE50D7D	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD2F247FF76FF35FCE50E20.text	846787B2FFD2F247FF76FF35FCE50E20.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium liouvillei Billard 1934	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Halecium liouvillei Billard, 1934</p>
            <p>(Fig. 7C–D)</p>
            <p> Halecium liouvillei Billard, 1934: 227–228 , fig. 1.— Leloup, 1937: 94–96, fig. 2.— Vervoort, 1946: 297–299, fig. 1.— Ramil &amp; Iglesias, 1988: 74–75.— Ramil &amp; Fernández Pulpeiro, 1991: 64–68, figs 1–3.— Altuna, 1994b: 47–52, figs 2–4.—Medel et al., 1998: 35–37, fig. 3.— Ramil et al., 1998: 193–194, fig. 4D.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 18, fig. 3. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: four colonies without gonothecae, up to 36 mm high, of which two growing on stones, one on  Eudendrium capillare and one on  Diphasia digitalis . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: two colonies, 26–75 mm high, both with gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony 30 mm high, without gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Our material agrees with the descriptions of Billard (1934), Ramil &amp; Fernández Pulpeiro (1991) and Altuna (1994b). In agreement with the latter, the female gonothecae had only one hydrothecal aperture instead of two, as described by Medel et al. (1998). This is the first record of  H. liouvillei for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on a great variety of substrates, such as bryozoans, worm tubes, shells, ascidians, gorgonians and other hydroids (Medel et al. 1998). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae have been found in February (Medel et al. 1998) and from August to November (Leloup 1937; Altuna 1994b; Ramil et al. 1998).</p>
            <p> In our material, colonies were found growing on stones and on the hydroids  E. capillare and  D. digitalis . Two colonies with gonothecae were collected in November. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Halecium liouvillei is an East-Atlantic species distributed from North and Northwest Spain (Ramil &amp; Fernández Pulpeiro 1991; Altuna 1994b) to the Gold Coast (Buchanan 1957). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 to 80 m (Altuna 1994b; Medel et al. 1998). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Billard 1934; Patriti 1970), Western Sahara (Leloup 1937; Vervoort 1946) and the Gold Coast (Buchanan 1957). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 21–25 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD2F247FF76FF35FCE50E20	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD2F244FF76FB1DFC930F1B.text	846787B2FFD2F244FF76FB1DFC930F1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium marocanum Billard 1934	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Halecium marocanum Billard, 1934 nov. status </p>
            <p>(Fig. 7E–F)</p>
            <p> Halecium Sibogae marocanum Billard, 1934: 229 , fig. 2.  Halecium sibogae var. marocanum : Patriti, 1970: 25, fig. 23.  Halecium sibogae marocanum : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 86–90, figs 21A–E, 22a–b.—Medel et al., 1998: 39–41, fig. 5.— </p>
            <p>Ramil et al., 1998: 7–8, fig. 1.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 21–23, fig. 5.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 74–75,</p>
            <p>fig. 15.— Vervoort, 2006: 254.— Gil et al., 2020: 427–428.</p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS131, 11º34'07"– 11º33'13"N, 17º11'25"– 17º11'31"W, 102–103 m, 23-X-2008: one colony growing on a worm tube, without gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 320 colonies (90 with male and female gonothecae), up to 6 mm high, of which 101 growing on  Idiellana pristis , 54 on bryozoans, 35 on  Eudendrium capillare , 23 on  Diphasia digitalis , 15 on unidentified hydroids, 10 on  Tridentata loculosa , seven on  Garveia nutans , five on  Bimeria vestita , five on  Tridentata turbinata , four on  Halecium sp. , two on  Dynamena disticha , two on  Thyroscyphus marginatus , one on  Eudendrium ramosum , one on  Halecium delicatulum , one on  Tridentata marginata and one on  Clytia gracilis . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on a bryozoan.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Halecium sibogae marocanum was described from Morocco by Billard (1934), who already noted some morphological differences with his Indonesian  Halecium sibogae Billard, 1929 . In addition to some differences in the size of the hydrothecae between the species and the subspecies (see Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a: 88), he also noted longer internodes, larger primary hydranthophores and hydrothecae with a more everted rim in  H. sibogae marocanum . Also, the internode arrangement in the latter seems to be more geniculate than that observed in  H. sibogae (Billard 1934: 229) . </p>
            <p> In recent years, the description of fertile materials revealed new differences between the gonothecae of the two forms. In  H. sibogae marocanum the male gonothecae are globular, smooth-walled, with two more or less developed apical elevations, between which is situated the aperture at the end of a short cone (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a). The female gonothecae have an oval-conical shape and also show the same characteristic opening flanked by two elevations (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000, fig. 15c; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002, fig. 15f). On the other hand, in  H. sibogae , gonothecae of both sexes variably develop triangular crests along their perimeter, they are slightly compressed fronto-dorsally, and appear to be composed of two distinct valves fused along their perimeter (Galea, personal communication). </p>
            <p> Another difference between these two forms is their geographical distribution:  H. sibogae marocanum has an Atlantic-Mediterranean occurrence (Billard 1934; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Gil et al. 2020), while  H. sibogae is restricted to the Pacific and Indian Oceans (Billard 1929; Gibbons &amp; Rayland 1989; Galea, personal communication). </p>
            <p> Therefore, due to the morphological differences mentioned above, and taking into account the absence of intermediate forms and the large distributional gap between the two morphotypes, we believe that these are solid arguments to raise the subspecies  H. sibogae marocanum to full species level, as  Halecium marocanum Billard, 1934 nov. status. </p>
            <p>Our finding represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p> Biology.  Halecium marocanum has been found growing on a wide variety of substrates (Gil et al. 2020, as  H. sibogae marocanum ). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been reported in March, June–August (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002, as  H. sibogae marocanum ), November (Gil et al. 2020) and December (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a, as  H. sibogae marocanum ). </p>
            <p>Our colonies were found growing on hydroids, worm tubes and bryozoans. Gonothecae were found in November.</p>
            <p> Distribution. This species has an Atlantic-Mediterranean distribution (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil et al. 2020). In West Africa, it was recorded from Morocco (Patriti 1970, as  Halecium sibogae var. marocanum ; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Vervoort 2006, both as  H. sibogae marocanum ) to the Cape Verde Islands (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000, as  H. sibogae marocanum ). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 16 (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002) to 756 m (Ramil et al. 1998, as  H. sibogae marocanum ). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–103 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD2F244FF76FB1DFC930F1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD1F245FF76FA04FCE50857.text	846787B2FFD1F245FF76FA04FCE50857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halecium tenellum Hincks 1861	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Halecium tenellum Hincks, 1861</p>
            <p> Halecium tenellum Hincks, 1861: 252 , pl. 6 figs 1–4.— Cornelius, 1975: 409–411, fig. 12.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 90–91, fig. 21F–G.— Cornelius, 1995a: 296–297, fig. 69.— Migotto, 1996: 34–35, fig. 6H.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 75–77, fig. 12C–E.— Vervoort, 2006: 254 </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: six colonies without gonothecae, of which three growing on bryozoans and one on a bivalve.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: 12 colonies without gonothecae, 6–7 mm high, of which eight growing on  Idiellana pristis and one on  Tridentata loculosa . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: three colonies without gonothecae, of which two growing on bryozoans and one on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: three colonies without gonothecae, all growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Halecium tenellum is a well-known and widespread species. No further discussion is needed. </p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on rocks, algae and a wide range of invertebrates such as hydrozoans, bryozoans, polychaete tubes, anthozoans, sponges and  D. pertusum (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil et al. 2020). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in January, April–June, October and December (Medel &amp; Vervoort 2000; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002), while in the southern hemisphere, gonothecae were observed in April and May (Migotto 1996). </p>
            <p> The colonies studied by us were found growing on  I. pristis ,  T. loculosa , bryozoans and bivalves. Gonothecae were not observed. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Halecium tenellum is a cosmopolitan species (Cornelius 1975), with some erroneous records from high latitudes of the North Atlantic (Calder 1991; Schuchert 2005). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a) to Ghana (Buchanan 1957; Vervoort 1959), including the Valdivia Seamount (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from the intertidal zone to 1200 m (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 21–29 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD1F245FF76FA04FCE50857	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD0F245FF76FCE0FD940D18.text	846787B2FFD0F245FF76FCE0FD940D18.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularelloides cylindritheca (Allman 1888)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sertularelloides cylindritheca (Allman, 1888)</p>
            <p> Sertularia cylindritheca Allman, 1888: 59–60 , pl. XXIX fig. 1a.— Versluys, 1899: 36–37, fig. 5.  Sertularella cylindritheca : Nutting, 1904: 87, pl. 19 fig. 4.— Billard, 1906a: 183–184.— Billard, 1931a: 676, fig. 2.— Vervoort, </p>
            <p>1959: 266–269, figs 30–31.— Gili et al., 1989: 100–101, fig. 25.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 217–219, fig. 60a.— Migotto,</p>
            <p> 1996: 68, fig. 13a.—Grohman et al., 2003: 14.— Calder &amp; Kirkendale, 2005: 485.  Sertularelloides cylindritheca : Moura, 2020: 111–115, fig. 22a–b. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS143, 11º15'35"– 11º16'30"N, 17º09'49"– 17º09'49"W, 95–96 m, 25-X-2008: one colony, 55 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS199, 10º16'49"– 10º17'29"N, 16º22'15"– 16º22'49"W, 65–70 m, 4-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS200, 10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W, 79 m, 4-XI-2008: five colonies, 105–220 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS226, 11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W, 35–37 m, 9-XI-2008: 44 colonies, 70–220 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Sertularelloides cylindritheca is a well-known species, widely distributed in West Africa. No further discussion is necessary. </p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on a great variety of invertebrates (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found in January, and August–September (Billard 1931a; Vervoort 1959, both as  Sertularella cylindritheca ), while in the southern hemisphere, gonothecae were found in March, May, and between July and October (Migotto 1996, as  Sertularella cylindritheca ; Moura 2020; Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Sertularelloides cylindritheca is an amphi-Atlantic species (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). In West Africa it has been recorded from Morocco (Billard 1906a; Patriti 1970, both as  Sertularella cylindritheca ) to Gabon (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Grohman et al. 2003) to 614 m depth (Moura, 2011). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 35–96 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Thyroscyphus Allman, 1877</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD0F245FF76FCE0FD940D18	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD0F245FF76FD10FD86095A.text	846787B2FFD0F245FF76FD10FD86095A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyroscyphidae Stechow 1920	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Thyroscyphidae Stechow, 1920</p>
            <p> Genus  Sertularelloides Leloup, 1937</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD0F245FF76FD10FD86095A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD0F242FF76F821FC91098C.text	846787B2FFD0F242FF76F821FC91098C.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyroscyphus marginatus (Allman 1877)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Thyroscyphus marginatus (Allman, 1877)</p>
            <p> Obelia marginata Allman, 1877: 9–10 , pl. 6 figs 1–2.  Thyroscyphus marginatus : Calder, 1991: 79–81, fig. 41–42.— Calder, 2013: 23–24, fig. 7C–D. </p>
            <p> Cnidoscyphus marginatus : Buchanan, 1957: 364, fig. 13.— Vervoort, 1959: 248–250, fig. 20.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 11. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: nine colonies without gonothecae, up to 78 mm high, of which one colony growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: two colonies, up to 127 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N,16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: seven colonies, 22–130 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknwon.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: eight colonies, 28–362 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Our material conforms to that described by Vervoort (1959, as  C. marginatus ). We found very large colonies (up to 362 mm in height), which are larger than those described by Calder (2013) and Allman (1877). </p>
            <p> Our finding represents also the first record of  T. marginatus for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on worm tubes (Vervoort 1959), rocks (Calder 1991), calcareous algae and barnacles (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae have been found in June (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998), July and August (Calder 1991).</p>
            <p>In our material, one colony was found growing on a worm tube. Gonothecae were not observed.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Thyroscyphus marginatus is an amphi-Atlantic species (Calder 2013). In West Africa, it has been recorded from the Cape Verde Islands (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998), the Republic of Guinea, Sierra Leone (Vervoort 1959, as  Cnidoscyphus marginatus ) and Ghana (Buchanan 1957; Vervoort 1959; both as  C. marginatus ). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998) to 90 m (Calder 1991). </p>
            <p>Our colonies were collected at depths between 21–29 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD0F242FF76F821FC91098C	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD7F242FF76FBB1FDDE0E3B.text	846787B2FFD7F242FF76FBB1FDDE0E3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularellidae Maronna 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Sertularellidae Maronna et al., 2016</p>
            <p> Genus  Sertularella Gray, 1848</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD7F242FF76FBB1FDDE0E3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD7F243FF76FB01FC930BBB.text	846787B2FFD7F243FF76FB01FC930BBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux 1821)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux, 1821)</p>
            <p> Sertularella gayi Lamouroux, 1821: 12–13 , pl. 66 figs 8–9.— Billard, 1906a: 73.— Billard, 1906b: 184–185, fig. 9.— Billard, 1931b: 675.— Buchanan, 1957:366.— Vervoort, 1959: 273–275, figs 33B–C, 34B.— Redier, 1965: 373.— Rees &amp;Thursfield, 1965: 134.— Vervoort, 1966: 127–128, fig. 30.— Patriti, 1970: 37–38, fig. 48.— Gili et al., 1989: 102–103, fig. 27. </p>
            <p> Sertularella gayi gayi : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 219–222, fig. 61a–e.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 40–45, fig. 10–11.— Vervoort, 2006: 267. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS133, 11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W, 733–737 m, 23-X-2008: two colonies without gonothecae, growing on worm tubes.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS142, 11º14'17"– 11º13'22"N, 17º13'07"– 17º13'12"W, 335–393 m, 25-X-2008: one colony 56 mm high, without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 16 colonies without gonothecae, 7–50 mm high, of which two growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28-X-2008: 11 colonies 10–25 mm high, without gonothecae, of which three growing on worm tube.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS173, 10º04'52"– 10º04'17"N, 16º34'12"– 16º33'30"W, 277–278 m, 31-X-2008: one colony 30 mm high, without gonothecae, growing on  Nemertesia ventriculiformis . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS200, 10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W, 79 m, 4-XI-2008: one colony 140 mm high, with gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: six colonies 55–111 mm high, without gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>CCLME-1110, stn BT54, 11º35'33"– 11º34'02"N, 17º18'01"– 17º17'50"W, 109–110 m, 30-X-2011: one colony 30 mm high, with gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Sertularella gayi is a well-known species and no further discussion is necessary. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on a great variety of invertebrates and other substrates (Gil et al. 2020). In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been reported in March, April and between June– December (Teissier 1965; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Ramil et al. 1992; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998; Gil et al. 2020).</p>
            <p> Some of our colonies were found growing on  L. myriphyllum ,  N. ventriculiformis and worm tubes. Gonothecae were observed in October and November. </p>
            <p> Distribution. This is an Atlantic-Mediterranean species [Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992, as  Sertularella gayi gayi (Lamourux, 1821) ]. Its distribution in West Africa has been recently revised by Gil et al. (2020). Its bathymetrical distribution ranges from 9 (Ramil et al. 1992) to 1200 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a, as  S. gayi gayi ). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 56–737 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD7F243FF76FB01FC930BBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD6F243FF76FDE4FC930D19.text	846787B2FFD6F243FF76FDE4FC930D19.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella polyzonias (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sertularella polyzonias (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 8A)</p>
            <p> Sertularia polyzonias Linnaeus, 1758: 813 .  Sertularella polyzonias : Billard, 1906b: 186.— Fraser, 1944: 268–270, Pl. LVIII fig. 258.— Buchanan, 1957: 366.— Patriti, </p>
            <p>1970: 39, fig. 50.— Redier, 1971: 511–512.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 225–227, fig. 63A, B.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1998:</p>
            <p> 47–51, fig. 13.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 134–136, fig. 25F–H.— Vervoort, 2006: 268–269.  Sertularella polyzonias forma typica: Broch, 1914: 34. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS132, 11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W, 23-X-2008: four colonies, 10–21 mm high, without gonothecae, of which two growing on  Diphasia margareta and another two on  Desmophyllum pertusum . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28-X-2008: seven colonies 12–27 mm high, without gonothecae, of which two growing on  Diphasia margareta , and one on a worm tube. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS174, 10º01'42"– 10º02'16"N, 17º00'52"– 17º01'35"W, 419 m, 31-X-2008: one colony 17 mm high, without gonothecae, growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: one colony 35 mm high, without gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks. This well-known species needs no further comment. We have reported this species for the first time from the waters of Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on many different substrates, such as rocks, algae, seagrasses, sponges, hydrozoans, anthozoans, bryozoans, worm tubes, mollusk shells and cirripedes (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002).  Sertularella polyzonias is capable of rapidly colonize new substrates by asexual propagation, thus minimizing losses caused by trawling (Henry et al. 2006). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found throughout the year (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gravili et al. 2015), while in the southern hemisphere, gonothecae were observed in January (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). </p>
            <p> In our material, some colonies were found growing on  D. margareta ,  D. pertusum and worm tubes. Gonothecae were not observed. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Sertularella polyzonias is an almost cosmopolitan species (Gravili et al. 2015), but it was not included by Peña Cantero (2004) within his list of Antarctic hydroids. In West Africa, it has been collected from Morocco (Billard 1906b; Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), the Ivory Coast (Redier 1971), Ghana (Buchanan 1957), Angola (Broch 1914) and the Vema Seamount (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). Its bathymetric distribution extends from 2 (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002) to 2500 m (Fraser 1944). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–419 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD6F243FF76FDE4FC930D19	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD4F241FF76FF35FC8109B9.text	846787B2FFD4F241FF76FF35FC8109B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella robusta Allman 1874	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sertularella robusta Allman, 1874</p>
            <p> Sertularella gayi var. robusta Allman, 1874: 474 , pl. LXVI figs 3, 3A.— Billard, 1906b: 185, fig. 9B. </p>
            <p> non  Sertularella robusta Coughtrey, 1876: 27 , pl. 3 fig. 6 (=  Sertularella quasiplana Trebilcock, 1928 ). </p>
            <p> Sertularella gayi robusta : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 223–225, figs 60B, 62A–C.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 45–46, fig. 12.— Calder &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 39–41, fig. 19A–B. </p>
            <p> Sertularella porcupine Gil et al., 2020: 430–431 , fig. 3E. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS156, 10º22'50"– 10º23'40"N, 17º19'08"– 17º19'08"W, 849–940 m, 27- XI-2008: one colony 182 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Moura et al. (2011) have demonstrated that  S. gayi robusta is genetically distinct from  S. gayi (Lamouroux, 1821) . The replacement name  Sertularella porcupine Gil, Ramil &amp; Ansín Agís, 2020 proposed by Gil et al. (2020) for this form to avoid a supposed synonymy with  S. robusta Coughtrey, 1876 proved out of scope (Galea 2023). Therefore, as pointed out by Calder &amp; Faucci (2021), the correct name of this morphotype should be  Sertularella robusta , prioritizing Allman’s (1874) authority rather than that of Coughtrey (1876). </p>
            <p> Our material is consistent with that described by Gil et al. (2020, as  S. porcupine ) from the Mauritanian Coral Mounds. With this record we extend the southern distribution of  S. robusta in the eastern Atlantic. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on different invertebrates and even some artificial substrates (Gil et al. 2020). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae have been reported in May, June and November (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998).</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Sertularella robusta is and East Atlantic species (Gil et al. 2020). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco, Mauritania and the Cape Verde (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a, all as  S. gayi robusta ). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 120 to 1003 m (Calder &amp; Vervoort 1998; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a, both as  S. gayi robusta ). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 849–940 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD4F241FF76FF35FC8109B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD4F241FF76FBEAFD6E0CD0.text	846787B2FFD4F241FF76FBEAFD6E0CD0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularella undulitheca Vervoort 1959	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Sertularella undulitheca Vervoort, 1959</p>
            <p>(Fig. 8B)</p>
            <p> Sertularella undulitheca Vervoort, 1959: 269–271 , fig. 32.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2023b: 421–422, fig. 2A, B. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Sertularella undulitheca is easily identifiable due to the morphology of its hydrothecae. Our material agrees with that described by Gil &amp; Ramil (2023b) and represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau. No further discussion is necessary. </p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on stones and on  Aglaophenia willasseni Gil &amp; Ramil, 2021 (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in January (Vervoort 1959), while in the southern hemisphere, gonothecae were observed in June (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Sertularella undulitheca has been recorded from Guinea-Bissau, the Republic of Guinea, Ghana (Vervoort 1959), Sao Tome and Principe, and Gabon (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 18 to 359 m depth (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). </p>
            <p>Our colony was collected at a depth of 24 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD4F241FF76FBEAFD6E0CD0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD4F241FF76F94DFD860D1F.text	846787B2FFD4F241FF76F94DFD860D1F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertulariidae Lamouroux 1812	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Sertulariidae Lamouroux, 1812</p>
            <p> Genus  Amphisbetia L. Agassiz, 1862</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD4F241FF76F94DFD860D1F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFD4F25EFF76F8DDFDFC0EBB.text	846787B2FFD4F25EFF76F8DDFDFC0EBB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Amphisbetia distans (Lamouroux 1816)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Amphisbetia distans (Lamouroux, 1816)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 8C)</p>
            <p> Sertularia distans Lamouroux, 1816: 180 , Pl. V fig. 1A–B.— Picard, 1951a: 112.—Millard, 1975: 306–307, fig. 99E–H.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 227–228, fig. 63C.— Hirohito, 1995: 207–209, fig. 68A–I.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 136–137, fig. 26A–C. </p>
            <p> Tridentata distans : Calder, 1991: 105–107, fig. 55.— Cornelius, 1995b: 108–111, fig. 27. </p>
            <p> Amphisbetia distans : Calder et al., 2019: 42–44, fig. 6a, b. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 48 colonies (two with gonothecae), of which four growing on bryozoans, four on  Idiellana pristis , three on  Eudendrium capillare , three on  Diphasia digitalis , one on  Eudendrium ramosum and one on a bivalve. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: seven colonies 12–42 mm high, without gonothecae, of which two growing on  Idiellana pristis , one on  Bimeria vestita and one on a bivalve. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: four colonies 14–22 mm high, without gonothecae, of which two growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Amphisbetia distans is a well-known species in the eastern Atlantic (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). No further discussion is necessary. </p>
            <p>Our finding represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on different substrates, including a wide range of invertebrates (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002, as  Sertularia distans ; Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found from January to October (Teissier 1965; Ansín Agís 1992; Peña Cantero and García Carrascosa 2002, all as  S. distans ), while in the southern hemisphere gonothecae were observed in April (Calder et al. 2019). </p>
            <p>In our material some colonies were growing on hydroids, bryozoans and bivalves. Fertile material was found in November</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Amphisbetia distans is considered as a circumtropical species (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a, as  S. distans ). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a, as  S. distans ) to South Africa (Millard 1975, as  S. distans ). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Millard 1975 as  S. distans ; Cornelius 1995b; as  Tridentata distans ) to 826 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a, as  S. distans ). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–29 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Diphasia L. Agassiz, 1862</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFD4F25EFF76F8DDFDFC0EBB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFCBF25EFF76FA81FEB10CDE.text	846787B2FFCBF25EFF76FA81FEB10CDE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diphasia africana Gil & Ramil 2017	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Diphasia africana Gil &amp; Ramil, 2017</p>
            <p> Diphasia africana Gil &amp; Ramil, 2017b: 327–330 , figs 13–14. </p>
            <p> Diphasia pectinata : Vervoort, 1959: 255–256, figs 23–24 [non  Diphasia pectinata (Lamarck, 1816) =  Diphasia nigra (Pallas, 1766) ]. </p>
            <p> Diphasia margareta : Gili, Vervoort &amp; Pagès, 1989: 99–100, fig. 24 [non  Diphasia margareta (Hassall, 1841) ]. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28- X-2008: one colony 72 mm high, without gonothecae; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This material was previously included in Gil &amp; Ramil’s (2017b) study of the genus  Diphasia from Northwest Africa. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFCBF25EFF76FA81FEB10CDE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFCBF25FFF76F940FC890857.text	846787B2FFCBF25FFF76F940FC890857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diphasia alata (Hincks 1855)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Diphasia alata (Hincks, 1855)</p>
            <p> Sertularia alata Hincks, 1855: 127–128 , Pl. II. </p>
            <p> Diphasia alata : Hincks, 1869: 258, Pl. XLVIII fig. 2.— Patriti, 1970: 43, fig. 56.— Cornelius, 1995b: 35–37, fig. 5.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2017b: 304–306, fig. 2. </p>
            <p> Diphasia pinastrum : Cornelius, 1979: 267–269, fig. 13.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 210–213, fig. 57B–E. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS200, 10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W, 79 m, 4-XI-2008: one colony 12 mm high with gonothecae; unknown substrate.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Our material is consistent with that described by Gil &amp; Ramil (2017b), and represents the first record of  D. alata for Guinea-Bissau, and the southernmost record in West Africa. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been reported growing on worm tubes, bivalve shells and hydroids (Browne 1907; Ritchie 1910; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998) and soft bottoms (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017b). In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found between April and September, and in December (Browne 1907; Billard 1931a; Teissier 1965; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017b).</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Diphasia alata is an East-Atlantic species. In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco to Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 7 m (Marine Biological Association 1957) to 1024 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017b). </p>
            <p>The colony studied by us was collected at a depth of 79 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFCBF25FFF76F940FC890857	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFCAF25FFF76FDC8FEB10FA0.text	846787B2FFCAF25FFF76FDC8FEB10FA0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diphasia digitalis (Busk 1852)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Diphasia digitalis (Busk, 1852)</p>
            <p> Sertularia digitalis Busk, 1852: 393 .  Diphasia digitalis : Bale, 1884: 101, Pl. IX figs 3–5.— Nutting, 1904: 110–111, Pl. XXX figs 2–7.— Buchanan, 1957: 365, fig. </p>
            <p>20.— Vervoort, 1959: 254–255, fig. 22.— Vervoort, 1968: 37–38, fig. 17.—Millard, 1975: 257–258, fig. 85E.— Schuchert,</p>
            <p> 2003: 166, fig. 25. non  Diphasia digitalis : Vervoort, 1972: 99–101, fig. 29. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 984 colonies (22 with gonothecae), 10–140 mm high, of which 41 growing on  Idiellana pristis , 18 on worm tubes, 12 on bryozoans, five on crustaceans, four on bivalves, three on  Tridentata marginata , one on  Eudendrium ramosum and one on  Halecium lankesteri . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: 78 colonies (16 with gonothecae), 15–167 mm high, of which one colony growing on  Idiellana pristis and another one on a bryozoan. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: 12 colonies (one with gonothecae), 25–103 mm high; substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: 38 colonies without gonothecae, 21–128 mm high, of which four growing on  Idiellana pristis and two others on bryozoans. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: 28 colonies (one with gonothecae), 27–125 mm high, of which two growing on bryozoans, one on an unidentified hydroid, one on  Idiellana pristis , and one on  Thyroscyphus marginatus . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS200, 10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W, 79 m, 4-XI-2008: one colony 62 mm high without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. This material was previously included in Gil &amp; Ramil’s (2017b) study of the genus  Diphasia from Northwest Africa. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFCAF25FFF76FDC8FEB10FA0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFCAF25CFF76F99DFD87082E.text	846787B2FFCAF25CFF76F99DFD87082E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Diphasia margareta (Hassall 1841)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Diphasia margareta (Hassall, 1841)</p>
            <p> Diphasia margareta : Gil &amp; Ramil 2017b: 309–318, figs 4–7 (synonymy). </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS132, 11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W, depth unknown, 23-X-2008: five colonies without gonothecae, 5–60 mm high, of which four growing on worm tubes.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS133, 11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W, 733–737 m, 23-X-2008: seven colonies (one with male gonothecae), 29–63 mm high, of which six growing on worm tubes and one on coral.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS134, 11º28'17"– 11º29'11"N, 17º13'12"– 17º13'22"W, 374–385 m, 23-X-2008: four colonies 64–115 mm high without gonothecae; substrate unknown</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: eight colonies without gonothecae, 4–83 mm high, of which one growing on  Nemertesia irregularis . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 223 colonies (37 with female gonothecae and 25 with male gonothecae), 15–119 mm high, of which 22 growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum , one on  Nemertesia irregularis , one on  Nemertesia ventriculiformis and one on a worm tube. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28-X-2008: five colonies (one with male gonothecae), 45–78 mm high, of which two growing on worm tubes.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS173, 10º04'52"– 10º04'17"N, 16º34'12"– 16º33'30"W, 277–278 m, 31-X-2008: two colonies 67– 50 mm high without gonothecae, unknown substrate.</p>
            <p>Remarks. This material was included in the work of Gil &amp; Ramil (2017b), who re-described the species in detail, along with a discussion on its taxonomic status. These are the first records of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p> Genus  Dynamena Lamouroux, 1812</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFCAF25CFF76F99DFD87082E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC9F25CFF76FD2DFD400D08.text	846787B2FFC9F25CFF76FD2DFD400D08.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Dynamena disticha (Bosc 1802)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Dynamena disticha (Bosc, 1802)</p>
            <p> Sertularia disticha Bosc, 1802: 101–102 , pl. 29 fig. 2. </p>
            <p> Dynamena disticha : Calder, 1991: 93–96, fig. 50A–C.— Migotto, 1996: 62–64, fig. 12A–C.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 25–29, fig. 7.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 121–122, fig. 23C–E.— Galea, 2008: 30–31, fig. 5J–N.— Galea &amp; Ferry, 2015: 233–234, fig. 5H–M. </p>
            <p> Disertasia disticha : Calder &amp; Faucci, 2021: 30–31, fig. 9C. </p>
            <p> Dynamena cornicina : Patriti, 1970: 41–42, fig. 54.—Millard, 1975: 261–263, fig. 86A–E.— Gili et al., 1989: 100, fig. 25.— Hirohito, 1995: 167–170, fig. 54A–G. </p>
            <p> Sertularia cornicina : Fraser, 1944: 279–280, Pl. 60 fig. 266A–F. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 51 colonies without gonothecae, 14–85 mm high, of which five growing on crustaceans, four on  Idiellana pristis , three on bryozoans, two on bivalves, one on  Eudendrium capillare , one on  Eudendrium sp. and one on  Diphasia digitalis . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 11 mm high, growing on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on bryozoan.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: three colonies without gonothecae, up to 7 mm high, growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Our material conforms to that studied by Gil &amp; Ramil (2023b). No further discussion is needed.</p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on a wide range of substrates (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Moura 2020). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in January–March, July and December, while in the southern hemisphere gonothecae have been observed in March, April and June–November (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b).</p>
            <p>In our material, some colonies were found growing on hydroids, crustaceans, bryozoans and bivalves. Gonothecae were not observed.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Dynamena disticha is a circumglobal species (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). Its distribution in West Africa was documented by Gil &amp; Ramil (2023b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998) to 250 m (Gili et al. 1989). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–29 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Idiellana Cotton &amp; Godfrey, 1942</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC9F25CFF76FD2DFD400D08	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC9F25DFF76F8D1FDF40FDB.text	846787B2FFC9F25DFF76F8D1FDF40FDB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Idiellana pristis (Lamouroux 1816)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Idiellana pristis (Lamouroux, 1816)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 8D–F)</p>
            <p> Idia pristis Lamouroux, 1816: 199–200 , pl. 5 fig. 5.  Idiellana pristis : Millard, 1975: 269–270, fig. 88A–E.— Vervoort, 1993: 188.— Hirohito, 1995: 178–180, fig. 58.— Migotto, 1996: 65–67, figs 12H–I.— Watson, 2000: 19–20, fig. 14A–E.— Schuchert, 2003: 175–176, fig. 32. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS189, 10º19'32"– 10º18'42"N, 15º30'40"– 15º31'04"W, 22–28 m, 3-XI-2008: eight colonies with gonothecae, 46–80 mm high, unknown substrate.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 1427 colonies (52 with gonothecae), 14–99 mm high, of which 112 growing on bryozoans, 18 on  Diphasia digitalis , 10 on crustaceans, six on worm tubes, five on bivalves, one on  Eudendrium capillare , one on  Tridentata loculosa , one on  Tridentata marginata , one on  Tridentata turbinata and one on  Thyroscyphus marginatus . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: 75 colonies (one with gonotheca), 17–100 mm high, of which two growing on bivalves, one on a worm tube and one on  Diphasia digitalis . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: 15 colonies without gonothecae, 17–100 mm high, of which one growing on a bivalve and one on a bryozoan.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: 55 colonies (27 with gonothecae), 17–111 mm high, of which one growing on a worm tube and another one on a crustacean.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: 59 colonies (52 with gonothecae), 18–170 mm high, of which one growing on a crustacean.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS199, 10º16'49"– 10º17'29"N, 16º22'15"– 16º22'49"W, 65–70 m, 4-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 27 mm high, unknown substrate.</p>
            <p> Remarks. In one colony from station BS191 and two colonies from station BS194, we observed the phenomenon of auto-epizoism, as described by Millard (1973) in other hydroids.  Idiellana pristis is a well-known species in West Africa, and needs no further discussion. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on rocks (Migotto 1996), dead coral and other invertebrates (Vervoort 1993; Watson 2000). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae were found in January, February, May and July–December, while in the southern hemisphere fertile colonies were found in February, April, May, July, August and November (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b).</p>
            <p>In our material, colonies were found growing on several hydroid species, bryozoans, bivalves, worm tubes and crustaceans. Gonothecae were found in November.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Idiellana pristis is a circumtropical species (Watson 2000; Schuchert 2003) in shallow waters, whose distribution in West Africa has been recently revised by Gil &amp; Ramil (2023b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Millard 1975) to 150 m (Vervoort 1993). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–70 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Tridentata Stechow, 1920</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC9F25DFF76F8D1FDF40FDB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC8F25BFF76FA61FCE508BF.text	846787B2FFC8F25BFF76FA61FCE508BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tridentata loculosa (Busk 1852)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tridentata loculosa (Busk, 1852)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 9A)</p>
            <p> Sertularia loculosa Busk, 1852: 393–394 .— Migotto, 1996: 71–73, fig. 13f–i.— Schuchert, 2003: 188–189, fig. 42.— Galea, </p>
            <p> 2008: 35, fig. 6f–g.  Tridentata loculosa : Calder, 2013: 31, fig. 9d.  Sertularia ligulata : Vervoort, 1959: 277–279, fig. 37.—Millard, 1975: 307–309, fig. 100a–d.— Hirohito, 1995: 213–215, fig. </p>
            <p>71a–g.</p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 565 colonies without gonothecae, 8–95 mm high, of which 121 growing on bryozoans, 97 on  Idiellana pristis , 57 on  Diphasia digitalis , 13 on crustaceans, 10 on  Eudendrium capillare , nine on unidentified hydroids, five on worm tubes, two on  Thyroscyphus marginatus , one on  Plumularia setacea and one on a bivalve. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: 38 colonies without gonothecae, 15–64 mm high, of which one growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: 13 colonies without gonothecae, 1–27 mm high, of which 10 growing on bryozoans and one on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS194¸ 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: 11 colonies (three with gonothecae), 7–20 mm high, of which five growing on bryozoans, two on  Eudendrium sp , one on  Eudendrium ramosum and one on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: 16 colonies without gonothecae, 16–36 mm high, of which six growing on bryozoans and two on  Idiellana pristis . </p>
            <p>Remarks. Our material agrees with that described by Gil &amp; Ramil (2023b) from the Republic of Guinea. No further discussion is necessary.</p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on stones (Billard 1931b, as  Sertularia loculosa ), algae, hydroids, bryozoans and barnacles (Vervoort 1959; Migotto 1996, both as  Sertularia ligulata ). In the southern hemisphere, fertile colonies have been found between January–March and June (Migotto 1996, as  S. ligulata ). </p>
            <p>In our material, some colonies were growing on hydroids, bryozoans, worm tubes, bivalves and crustaceans; in addition, some of them were auto-epizoic. Gonothecae were found in the northern hemisphere in November for the first time.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Tridentata loculosa is a circumtropical species (Calder 2013), with a bathymetric distribution ranging from 0 (Galea 2008) to 155 m (Migotto 1996). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Guinea-Bissau (Billard 1931a) to the Ivory Coast (Redier 1965, as  S. ligulata ). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–29 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC8F25BFF76FA61FCE508BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFCEF258FF76FCE0FCE50B53.text	846787B2FFCEF258FF76FCE0FCE50B53.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tridentata marginata (Kirchenpauer 1864)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tridentata marginata (Kirchenpauer, 1864)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 9B–D)</p>
            <p> Dynamena marginata Kirchenpauer, 1864: 13 , fig. 8. </p>
            <p> Tridentata marginata : Calder, 1991: 107–109, figs 56, 57.— Calder, 2013: 31–33, fig. 9E–F. </p>
            <p> Sertularia marginata : Leloup, 1939: 422, fig. 4.— Buchanan, 1957: 367.—Millard, 1975: 311–312, fig. 99A–D.— Migotto, 1996: 73–75, fig. 14A–C.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 66–70, figs 20C, 22.—Galea, 2015: 12, fig. 3Q–R. </p>
            <p> Sertularia versluysi : Ritchie, 1907: 505–507, text–fig. 144, pl. XXIV figs 2–6. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 85 colonies without gonothecae, 8–107 mm high, of which six growing on  Diphasia digitalis , two on  Idiellana pristis , two on worm tubes, two on a bryozoan and one on a bivalve. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: five colonies without gonothecae, 40–155 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 96 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: four colonies without gonothecae, 55–75 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: six colonies (five with gonothecae), 27–130 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS199, 10º16'49"– 10º17'29"N, 16º22'15"– 16º22'49"W, 65–70 m, 4-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 81 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Differences between  T. marginata and  Tridentata turbinata (Lamouroux, 1816) were pointed out by Calder (2013), and also discussed by Gil &amp; Ramil (2023b). </p>
            <p>Our finding represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on algae and rocks (Migotto 1996), stranded  Thalassia sp. , shipwrecks (Calder 1991),  Zostera leaves (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998) and stranded  Sargassum sp. (Calder 2013). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies were found in May, June, July, October and November (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998; Calder 2013), while in the southern hemisphere gonothecae have been found throughout the year (Migotto 1998). </p>
            <p>In our material colonies were found growing on hydroids, polychaetes, bryozoans and bivalves. Gonothecae were found in November.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Tridentata marginata is a circumtropical species (Migotto 1996; Vervoort &amp; Watson 2003). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998), Mauritania (Billard 1906a, as  S. versluysi ; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998), the Cape Verde Islands (Ritchie 1907, as  S. versluysi ; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1998), Ghana (Buchanan 1957) and Congo (Leloup 1939). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Millard 1975) to 90 m (Grohmann et al. 2003). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–70 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFCEF258FF76FCE0FCE50B53	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFCDF258FF76FECCFCE50EEB.text	846787B2FFCDF258FF76FECCFCE50EEB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tridentata rugosissima (Thornely 1904)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tridentata rugosissima (Thornely, 1904)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 9E)</p>
            <p> Sertularia rugosissima Thornely, 1904: 118 , pl. II fig. 4.— Broch, 1914: 34–36, fig. 9a–c.— Migotto, 1996: 75–78, fig. 14d–e.— Galea, 2008: 36, fig. 6l–m.— Moura, 2020: 104–105, fig. 21k. </p>
            <p> Tridentata rugosissima : Calder, 2020: 222, fig. 6g.— Calder &amp; Faucci, 2021: 35–36, fig. 10d.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2023b: 430–431, fig. 4E. </p>
            <p> Geminella subtilis : Vannucci Mendes, 1946: 572, pl. 4 figs 42–43. </p>
            <p> Sertularia subtilis : Cooke, 1975: 99–100, pl. 4 fig. 3. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on a bryozoan.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: 11 colonies without gonothecae, 4–9 mm high, all growing on bryozoans.</p>
            <p> Remarks. Our material is consistent with that described by Gil &amp; Ramil (2023b), and represents the first record of  T. rugosissima for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on hydrozoans, bryozoans and algae (Vannucci Mendes 1946; Migotto 1996; Galea 2008). In the northern hemisphere, fertile colonies have been found but no data information is given (Cooke 1975), while in the southern hemisphere, they have been found in April (Vannucci Mendes 1946).</p>
            <p>Our colony was found growing on a bryozoan. Gonothecae were not observed.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Tridentata rugosissima has a circumtropical distribution (Migotto 1996). In West Africa, it has been recorded from the Republic of Guinea (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b) and Ghana (Broch 1914). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Galea 2008) to 26 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–25 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFCDF258FF76FECCFCE50EEB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFCDF259FF76FB54FC910B0F.text	846787B2FFCDF259FF76FB54FC910B0F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tridentata turbinata (Lamouroux 1816)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Tridentata turbinata (Lamouroux, 1816)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 9F)</p>
            <p> Dynamena turbinata Lamouroux, 1816: 180 . </p>
            <p> Sertularia turbinata : Broch, 1914: 34.— Billard, 1925: 177–178, fig. 34.— Billard, 1931b: 248–249.— Vervoort, 1959: 275–277, figs 35–36.— Migotto, 1996: 78–79, fig. 14F–G.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1998: 70–72, fig. 23.— Schuchert, 2003: 190–191, fig. 44. </p>
            <p> Tridentata turbinata : Calder, 1991: 110–112, fig. 60. </p>
            <p> Desmoscyphus brevicyathus : Versluys, 1899: 40–42, figs 9–10. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: 107 colonies without gonothecae, 20–25 mm high, of which 20 growing on  Idiellana pristis , 12 on  Diphasia digitalis , six on bryozoans, three on crustaceans, two on  Eudendrium capillare , one on  Bimeria vestita , one on an unidentified hydroid and one on a bivalve. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: two colonies without gonothecae, 14 mm high, unknown substrate.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Our material is consistent with that of Gil &amp; Ramil (2023b) from Gabon. No further discussion is required.</p>
            <p> Biology.  Tridentata turbinata has been found growing on rocks, algae, barnacles, spines of echinoderms, polychaete tubes and hydroids (Galea &amp; Ferry 2015; Gil &amp; Ramil 2023b). In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found in February, April, June–August and December (Vervoort 1959; Hirohito 1995, both as  S. turbinata ; Galea &amp; Ferry 2015; Humara-Gil &amp; Cruz-Gómez 2018). </p>
            <p> In our material, some colonies were found growing on hydroids, bivalves, bryozoans and crustaceans. Distribution. This is a circumtropical species (Calder et al. 2019) from shallow waters, and its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 (Medel and Vervoort 1998, as  S. turbinata ) to 50 m (Schuchert 2003). Its distribution in West Africa has been recently documented by Gil &amp; Ramil (2023b). Our colonies were collected at depths between 24– 25 m. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFCDF259FF76FB54FC910B0F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFCCF259FF76FDC8FC930C2B.text	846787B2FFCCF259FF76FDC8FC930C2B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aglaophenia lophocarpa Allman 1877	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Aglaophenia lophocarpa Allman, 1877</p>
            <p> Aglaophenia lophocarpa Allman, 1877: 41 , pl. 24 figs 1–4.— Svoboda, 1979: 82–86, figs 12E, 13E, 15E, 16E.— Svoboda &amp; Cornelius, 1991: 22–23, fig. 5.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 93–94, fig. 23B–C.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 40–48, figs 22–25.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 88–89, fig. 17D. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS132, 11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W, depth unknown, 23-X-2008: four colonies without corbulae, 23–48 mm, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS133, 11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W, 733–737 m, 23-X-2008: two colonies without corbulae growing on worm tubes.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: six colonies with corbulae, 59–82 mm high, of which one growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 101 colonies (two with corbulae), 24–153 mm high, most of them detached from the substrate, but three of them growing on  Diphasia digitalis , three on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum and one on a worm tube. </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28-X-2008: 20 colonies (five with corbulae), 15–83 mm high, of which two growing on worm tubes, one on  Diphasia margareta and one on  Aglaophenia tubulifera . </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Aglaophenia lophocarpa is a well-known species in Northwest Africa and needs no further comment. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on a wide variety of substrates (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Vervoort 2006; Gil et al. 2020). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae have been found throughout the year (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p>
            <p>Our colonies were found growing on worm tubes and other hydroid species. Corbulae were observed in October.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Aglaophenia lophocarpa is a species with an amphi-Atlantic distribution (Ansín Agís et al. 2001) and a wide bathimetric distribution, from 0–2700 m depth (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Vervoort 2006). In West Africa, it has been collected from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a) to Gabon (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021a). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 23–737 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFCCF259FF76FDC8FC930C2B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFCCF259FF76FE78FDBE0872.text	846787B2FFCCF259FF76FE78FDBE0872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aglaopheniidae Marktanner-Turneretscher 1890	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Aglaopheniidae Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890</p>
            <p> Genus  Aglaophenia Lamouroux, 1812</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFCCF259FF76FE78FDBE0872	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFCCF257FF76F914FC810E5F.text	846787B2FFCCF257FF76F914FC810E5F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aglaophenia tubulifera (Hincks 1861)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Aglaophenia tubulifera (Hincks, 1861)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 10A–B)</p>
            <p> Plumularia tubulifera Hincks, 1861: 256 , pl. 7 figs. 1–2. </p>
            <p> Aglaophenia tubulifera : Billard, 1906b: 231–237, figs 20–21.— Patriti, 1970: 50, fig. 69.— Svoboda, 1979: 86, figs 12F, 13F, 15F, 16F. — Gili et al., 1989: 95–96, fig. 20B.— Svoboda &amp; Cornelius, 1991: 36–38, figs 15–16, 19C–D, 24C–D.— Ramil &amp;Vervoort, 1992a: 97–98, fig. 23E–I.— Ramil et al., 1998: 10–14, figs 2–4.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 68–73, fig. 32.— Vervoort, 2006: 262–263. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS133, 11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W, 733–737 m, 23-X-2008: one colony without corbulae, 80 mm high, growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: one colony without corbulae, 130 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 37 colonies without corbulae, 11–157 mm high, of which one growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28-X-2008: 22 colonies (five with corbulae), 24–120 mm high, of which three growing on worm tubes.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Aglaophenia tubulifera is a well-known species from the East Atlantic and no further comments are necessary. Variations in hydrothecal morphology and development of the mesial nematothecae have been documented by Ramil et al. (1998). </p>
            <p> Biology. This species grows mainly on other hydroid species (  Eudendrium sp. ,  Cryptolaria sp. ,  Halecium marocanum ,  Streptocaulus corneliusi ,  Nemertesia ramosa ,  Polyplumaria flabellata ,  Pseudoplumaria sabinae ,  Diphasia alata ,  Sertularella gayi and  Sertularella sp. ), but also on antipatharian stalks and worm tubes (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Ramil et al. 1998; Ansín Agís et al. 2001); also reported on sponges (Billard 1906b) and rocks or similar substrates (Cornelius 1995b). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been collected throughout the year, except in October and December (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p>In our material, some colonies were found growing on worm tubes. Colonies with corbulae were found in October.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Aglaophenia tubulifera is an East-Atlantic species that penetrates the Mediterranean to the Alboran Sea (Svoboda &amp; Cornelius 1991; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a), with a bathymetric range extending from 8 to 1513 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Billard 1906b; Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a), Western Sahara (Billard 1906b), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), the Cape Verde Islands (Svoboda 1979; Vervoort 2006) and Guinea-Bissau (Gili et al. 1989). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 186–737 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFCCF257FF76F914FC810E5F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC2F257FF76FBC0FDBD0CF9.text	846787B2FFC2F257FF76FBC0FDBD0CF9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aglaophenia willasseni Gil & Ramil 2021	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Aglaophenia willasseni Gil &amp; Ramil 2021</p>
            <p> Aglaophenia willasseni Gil &amp; Ramil, 2021a: 174–176 , figs 2, 3. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without corbulae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Our material agrees with that described by Gil &amp; Ramil (2021a) with respect to the morphology of the colony and hydrothecae that possess lateral nematothecae with two apertures.</p>
            <p>Our material represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau since its description.</p>
            <p>Biology. In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in May, while in the southern hemisphere, gonothecae were found in May and July (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021a).</p>
            <p>Distribution. This species has been recorded only from the Republic of Guinea and Gabon, between 31 and 359 m (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021a).</p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–25 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Lytocarpia Kirchenpauer, 1872</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC2F257FF76FBC0FDBD0CF9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC2F254FF76F97DFC930FD3.text	846787B2FFC2F254FF76F97DFC930FD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lytocarpia myriophyllum (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lytocarpia myriophyllum (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p> Sertularia myriophyllum Linnaeus, 1758: 810 . </p>
            <p> Lytocarpia myriophyllum : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 137–143, figs 35B–D, 36A–J.— Cornelius, 1995b: 216–218, fig. 51.— Ramil et al., 1998: 19–23, figs 9–12.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 88–99, figs 40–45.—Di Camilo et al., 2013: 778–784, figs 2–5. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS133, 11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W, 733–737 m, 23-X-2008: one colony without corbulae, 225 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS134, 11º28'17"– 11º29'11"N, 17º13'12"– 17º13'22"W, 374–385 m, 23-X-2008: seven colonies (six with corbulae), 74–370 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS136, 11º28'29"– 11º27'33"N, 17º08'30"– 17º08'33"W, 75–76 m, 24-X-2008: one colony without corbulae, 200 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS142, 11º14'17"– 11º13'22"N, 17º13'07"– 17º13'12"W, 335–393 m, 25-X-2008: three colonies with corbulae, 50–180 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: one colony with corbulae, 103 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS149, 11º06'46"– 11º07'39"N, 17º06'23"– 17º06'40"W, 71 m, 26-X-2008: four colonies without corbulae, 323–500 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 508 colonies (34 with corbulae), 14–300 mm high, of which one growing on  Diphasia margareta . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28-X-2008: three colonies without corbulae, 80–190 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS172, 10º07'45"– 10º07'02"N, 16º34'11"– 16º33'37"W, 223–224 m, 31-X-2008: three colonies with corbulae, 230–650 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS174, 10º01'42"– 10º02'16"N, 17º00'52"– 17º01'35"W, 419 m, 31-X-2008: one colony with corbulae, 394 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS177, 10º10'16"– 10º11'00"N, 17º07'21"– 17º07'54"W, 382–387 m, 31-X-2008: 13 colonies (12 with corbulae), 108–372 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS182, 10º14'14"– 10º13'22"N, 16º32'49"– 16º32'44"W, 211–224 m, 1-XI-2008: four colonies without corbulae, 377–537 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>CCLME-1205, stn BT306, 9º59'41"– 9º58'31"N, 16º49'40"– 16º48'35"W, 314 m, 15-V-2012: three colonies without corbulae, 98–380 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>CCLME-1205, stn BT310, 10º28'41"– 10º29'37"N, 16º26'14"– 16º27'37"W, 48–49 m, 16-VI-2012: one colony without corbulae, 225 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks. This species is widespread in the West Atlantic and needs no further discussion.</p>
            <p>Biology. This species has recently been found growing in a deep-water coral mounds habitat (Gil et al. 2020). It is a very common component of temperate waters hydroid forests (Di Camilo et al. 2013). In the northern hemisphere, corbulae have been found almost all year round, from February to November (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Di Camilo et al. 2013).</p>
            <p> In our material, one colony was found growing on  D. margareta . Corbulae were found in October. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Lytocarpia myriophyllum is a well-known species, with an amphi-Atlantic distribution (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Ansín Agís et al. 2001) to Gabon (Gil et al. 2021a). Its bathymetric range extends from 5 to 1800 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Ansín Agís et al. 2001). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 48–737 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC2F254FF76F97DFC930FD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC1F255FF76FA4AFD7908E6.text	846787B2FFC1F255FF76FA4AFD7908E6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lytocarpia tridentata (Versluys 1899)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Lytocarpia tridentata (Versluys, 1899)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 10C)</p>
            <p> Aglaophenia tridentata Versluys, 1899: 47–49 , fig. 8g –k.— Picard, 1951a: 114.— Vervoort, 1968: 76–78, fig. 35.— Posada et al., 2010: 79, fig. 4. </p>
            <p> Lytocarpia tridentata : Migotto, 1996: 42–46, fig. 8G–K.— Grohmann et al., 2003: 13.— Gil &amp; Ramil 2021a: 177–178, fig. 5B. </p>
            <p> Aglaophenia contorta : Nutting, 1900: 96, pl. XX figs 5–7.— Vannucci Mendes, 1946: 583–586, figs 56–59, 70. </p>
            <p> Thecocarpus contorta : Totton, 1926: 210–212. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: six colonies without corbulae, 1–150 mm high, of which one growing on a bryozoan and one on a crustacean.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: ten colonies without corbulae, 50–300 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS193, 10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W, 20–21 m, 3-XI-2008: three colonies without corbulae, 39–143 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS194, 10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W, 21–24 m, 3-XI-2008: two colonies without corbulae, 171 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Our finding represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found recently growing on octocorals and limestone (Calder 2019). In the north hemisphere, fertile material was found in January and June, while in the southern hemisphere it has been found between February–April and July–December (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021a).</p>
            <p>In our material, some colonies were found growing on bryozoans and crustaceans. Corbulae were not observed.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Lytocarpia tridentata is an amphi-Atlantic hydroid (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021a). In West Africa, it has been only recorded from the Republic of Guinea (Picard 1951a, as  Aglaophenia tridentata ; Gil &amp; Ramil 2021a). Its bathymetric range extends from 0 to 70 m (Grohmann et al. 2003). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 20–25 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Macrorhynchia Kirchenpauer, 1872</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC1F255FF76FA4AFD7908E6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC0F255FF76FD74FD910D21.text	846787B2FFC0F255FF76FD74FD910D21.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer 1872	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872</p>
            <p>(Fig. 10D)</p>
            <p> Macrorhynchia (Aglaophenia) philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872: 45 , pl. 1 fig. 26, pl. 2 fig. 26, pl. 7 fig. 26. </p>
            <p> Macrorhynchia philippina : Migotto, 1996: 40–43, fig. 8E–F.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 100–104, fig. 46.— Watson, 2002: 349, fig. 7A–B.— Calder &amp; Kirkendale, 2005: 483–489.—Di Camilo et al., 2010: 214–217, figs 2E, G, 5A–G, 8G–L.— Chakraborty &amp; Raghunathan, 2020: 300–303, figs 2A, 5A–D. </p>
            <p> Lytocarpus philippinus : Millard, 1958: 220. </p>
            <p> ?  Macrorhynchia philippina : Schuchert, 2003: 221–223, fig. 67. </p>
            <p> Lytocarpus crosslandi : Ritchie, 1907: 511–512, pl. XXIV fig. 11, pl. XXVI figs 2–4. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3- XI-2008: seven colonies without gonosome, 53 mm high, of which three growing on crustaceans and one on an unidentified hydroid.</p>
            <p>Remarks. The small size of the colonies we studied could be related to the shallow depth at which they occurred. According to Watson (2002), colonies from shallow waters are smaller because they are under more exposed conditions than those living in deeper water.</p>
            <p> The record of  M. philippina from Kei Islands, Indonesia (Schuchert 2003) is considered a possible synonym of  Macrorhynchia fallax Galea &amp; Maggioni, 2024 (original account). </p>
            <p> Biology.  Macrorhynchia philippina is a species with a high capacity of colonization (Espino et al. 2020) and a habitat former (Chakraborty &amp; Raghunathan 2020). It has been collected from many different types of habitats and substrates, including rocky reefs, seagrass meadows, rhodolith seabeds (Espino et al. 2020), hard substrates (Watson 2002; Cinar et al. 2006), dead gorgonians, corals and ropes (Di Camilo et al. 2010). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in June, August and October (Ansín Agís et al. 2001), while in the southern hemisphere the gonosome was observed in July (Millard 1958, as  Lytocarpus philippinus ). </p>
            <p>In our material, some colonies were growing on crustaceans and an unidentified hydroid.</p>
            <p> Distribution. This is a circumglobal species in tropical and subtropical waters (Schuchert 2003; Di Camilo et al. 2010; Calder &amp; Faucci 2021). In West Africa, it has been recorded from the Cape Verde (Ritchie 1907, as  Lytocarpus crosslandi ; Ansín Agís et al. 2001) and Guinea-Bissau (Billard 1931a, as  L. philippinus ). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 1 to 411 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected from a depth of 24–25 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Streptocaulus Allman, 1883</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC0F255FF76FD74FD910D21	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC0F252FF76F83FFC930918.text	846787B2FFC0F252FF76F83FFC930918.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Streptocaulus dollfusi (Billard 1924)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Streptocaulus dollfusi (Billard, 1924)</p>
            <p> Cladocarpus dollfusi Billard, 1924: 87–89 , fig. 1.— Patriti, 1970: 52, fig. 72.  Streptocaulus dollfusi : Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1995: 24–27, figs 9, 10.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 112–115, fig. 50. </p>
            <p> Cladocarpus ventricosus : Vervoort, 1959: 300–302, fig. 49 (non  Cladocarpus ventricosus Allman, 1877 ). </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: two colonies with gonothecae, 122–136 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: two colonies (one with gonothecae), 57–75 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks. This is a well-known species characterized by the curvature of its hydrothecae, with a convex basal part and an almost straight distal part. No further comments are necessary.</p>
            <p>Our finding represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p>Biology. In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found between October and December (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1995; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). Patriti (1970) found colonies with phylactocarps in material collected off Morocco, but without indication of the collection date; therefore, the reproductive period could be longer than indicated here.</p>
            <p>In our material, phylactocarps were found in October and November.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Streptocaulus dollfusi is an amphi-Atlantic species that also penetrates the western Mediterranean (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Billard 1934; Patriti 1970, as  C. dollfusi ), Mauritania (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), Sierra Leone and Senegal (Vervoort 1959, as  C. ventricosus ). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 60 to 1513 m (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1995; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 56–305 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC0F252FF76F83FFC930918	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC7F252FF76FC05FDF00E47.text	846787B2FFC7F252FF76FC05FDF00E47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halopterididae Millard 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Halopterididae Millard, 1962</p>
            <p> Genus  Antennella Allman, 1877</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC7F252FF76FC05FDF00E47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC7F253FF76FB95FC810B9F.text	846787B2FFC7F253FF76FB95FC810B9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antennella secundaria (Gmelin 1791)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antennella secundaria (Gmelin, 1791)</p>
            <p> Sertularia secundaria Gmelin, 1791: 3854 . </p>
            <p> Antennella secundaria : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 143–145, fig. 37A–D.— Schuchert, 1997 (pro parte): 14–18, figs 3–4.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 140–145, fig. 63.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 100–102, fig. 18E–H. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS131, 11º34'07"– 11º33'13"N, 17º11'25"– 17º11'31"W, 102–103 m, 23-X-2008: one colony with gonothecae, 40 mm high, growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS134, 11º28'17"– 11º29'11"N, 17º13'12"– 17º13'22"W, 374–385 m, 23-X-2008: two colonies (one with gonothecae), 13–20 mm high, both growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 26 colonies (two with gonothecae), 5–11 mm high, of which nine growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum , six on  Diphasia margareta , two on  Aglaophenia lophocarpa , one on  Aglaophenia tubulifera and one on  Diphasia sp.</p>
            <p>CCLME-1110, stn BT40, 10º15'45"– 10º14'39"N, 16º55'17"– 16º54'05"W, 224 m, 27-X-2011: one colony with gonothecae, growing on a polychaete tube.</p>
            <p>CCLME-1205, stn BT313, 10º15'41"– 10º16'47"N, 16º55'17"– 16º56'27"W, 224–225 m, 16-VI-2012: one colony without gonothecae, 10 mm high, growing on a prosobranch.</p>
            <p>CCLME-1205, stn BT319, 10º35'40"– 10º36'53"N, 16º59'31"– 17º00'30"W, 209 m, 18-V-2012: one colony with gonothecae, 15 mm high, unknown substrate.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Our material agrees with that of Gil et al. (2020) from Mauritanian coral mounds. No further discussion is required.</p>
            <p> Recent molecular analyses have demonstrated that  A. secundaria is a complex of cryptic species (Moura et al. 2018), and it would be more prudent to consider that only the Mediterranean and eastern Atlantic records are valid. </p>
            <p> Biology.  Antennella secundaria has been found growing on rocks, algae, bryozoans, hydrozoans, anthozoans, sponges, cirripedes, polychaete tubes and on bio-concretions, pebbles and  D. pertusum (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil et al. 2020). Fertile material has been found in the northern hemisphere between February and December (Boero &amp; Fresi 1986; Alvarez Claudio 1993; Medel &amp; Vervoort 1995; Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), while in the southern hemisphere gonothecae have been observed in February and between August and November (Millard 1968; Gravier Bonnet 1970; Vervoort &amp; Vasseur 1977; Gravier Bonnet 1979). </p>
            <p>In our material, colonies were found growing on hydroids, prosobranchs and worm tubes. Gonothecae were observed in May and October.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Antennella secundaria is considered as a circumglobal species (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil et al. 2020), although Schuchert (1997) suggested that it may represent a species complex. In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Patriti 1970) to Gabon (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021a). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 102–385 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC7F253FF76FB95FC810B9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC6F253FF76FD80FDCB0C14.text	846787B2FFC6F253FF76FD80FDCB0C14.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Antennella siliquosa (Hincks 1877)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Antennella siliquosa (Hincks, 1877)</p>
            <p> Plumularia siliquosa Hincks, 1877: 148–149 , pl. 12 figs 2–6. </p>
            <p> Antennella siliquosa : Redier, 1965: 378.— Patriti, 1970: 58, fig. 82.— Schuchert, 1997: 19–22, fig. 5.— Ansín Agís et al. 2001: 145–149, fig. 64.— Vervoort, 2006: 256. </p>
            <p> Antennella diaphana f.  siliquosa : Vervoort, 1959: 286–289, fig. 43. </p>
            <p> Halopteris diaphana f.  siliquosa : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 148–149, fig. 38A. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS131, 11º34'07"– 11º33'13"N, 17º11'25"– 17º11'31"W, 102–103 m, 23-X-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on a crustacean.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: three colonies without gonothecae, 17 mm high, of which two growing on  Idiellana pristis and one on a bryozoan. </p>
            <p> Remarks. The morphology of the lateral nematothecae and the absence of an axillary nematotheca distinguish  A. siliquosa from  A. secundaria (Schuchert 1997; Ansín Agís et al. 2001). </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been collected growing on rocks, algae, other hydroids, and a wide variety of invertebrates, such as sponges, gorgonians, bryozoans, worm tubes, cirripedes and ascidians (Gravili et al. 2015). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in March and from May to November (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p>
            <p> In our material, colonies were found growing on the hydroid  I. pristis , crustaceans and bryozoans. Gonothecae were not observed. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Antennella siliquosa is considered as an Atlantic-Mediterranean species (Boero &amp; Bouillon 1993; Schuchert 1997). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Patriti 1970; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a, as  H. diaphana f.  siliquosa ; Ansín Agís et al. 2001), Mauritania (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a), the Cape Verde Islands (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Vervoort 2006), Senegal, Guinea-Bissau, the Republic of Guinea, Liberia (Vervoort 1959, as  A. diaphana f.  siliquosa ), the Ivory Coast (Vervoort 1959, as  A. diaphana f.  siliquosa ; Redier 1965) and Ghana (Buchanan 1957). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from the intertidal to 1387 m (Gravili et al. 2012; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p>Our colonies were collected at depths between 24–103 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Halopteris Allman, 1877</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC6F253FF76FD80FDCB0C14	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC6F250FF76F925FC810857.text	846787B2FFC6F250FF76F925FC810857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halopteris catharina (Johnston 1833)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Halopteris catharina (Johnston, 1833)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 10E)</p>
            <p> Plumularia catharina Johnston, 1833: 497 , figs 61–62. </p>
            <p> Halopteris catharina : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 145–148, fig. 37E–G.— Cornelius, 1995b: 126–128, fig. 29.— Schuchert, 1997: 107–110, fig. 38.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 159–163, fig. 68.— Gil et al., 2020: 433–435, fig. 3F. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS134, 11º28'17"– 11º29'11"N, 17º13'12"– 17º13'22"W, 374–385 m, 23-X-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on  Diphasia margareta . </p>
            <p>Remarks. The material is morphologically in agreement with that of Gil et al. (2020) from Mauritania. This species is widespread in Northwest Africa and does not require further discussion.</p>
            <p> Our finding represents the first record of  H. catharina for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing mostly on other hydroids, as well as on a wide variety of invertebrates and algae (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gravili et al. 2013; Gil et al. 2020). In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found in February and from April to September (Ansín Agís et al. 2001).</p>
            <p> The colony studied by us was found growing on  Diphasia margareta . Gonothecae were not observed. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Halopteris catharina is a species with an amphi-Atlantic distribution (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Ansín Agís et al. 2001). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and the Cape Verde Archipelago (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Vervoort 2006). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 1 to 642 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil et al. 2020). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 374–385 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC6F250FF76F925FC810857	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC5F250FF76FDC8FD8F0C0E.text	846787B2FFC5F250FF76FDC8FD8F0C0E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halopteris diaphana (Heller 1868)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Halopteris diaphana (Heller, 1868)</p>
            <p> Anisocalyx diaphanus Heller, 1868: 42 , pl. 2 fig. 5. </p>
            <p> Halopteris diaphana : Schuchert, 1997: 47–52, fig. 15.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 163–167, fig. 69.— Gil &amp; Ramil, 2021a: 179, fig. 5C. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: eight colonies without gonothecae, 5 mm high, of which two growing on bryozoans and one on  Diphasia digitalis . </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Halopteris diaphana is similar to  H. alternata (Nutting, 1900) , a species recorded by Ansín Agís et al. (2001) from Madeira, Canary and the Cape Verde Islands. Both species can be easily separated based on the morphology of the female gonothecae and additional differences highlighted by Ansín Agís et al. (2001). </p>
            <p> Our material, characterized by the heteromerous segmentation of the hydrocaulus, the absence of axillary nematothecae behind the cauline hydrothecae and the presence of two nematothecae on the ahydrothecate cauline internodes, corresponds to  H. diaphana . </p>
            <p>Our colonies represent the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on  D. digitalis (Gil &amp; Ramil 2021a) . Colonies with gonothecae have been found in the northern hemisphere in April, June, July and September (Schuchert 1997; Ansín Agís et al. 2001), while in the southern hemisphere gonothecae have been found only in November (Schuchert 1997). </p>
            <p> In our material, some colonies were also found growing on  D. digitalis and bryozoans. Gonothecae were not observed. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Halopteris diaphana is a circumtropical species whose distribution in West Africa, has been recently revised by Gil &amp; Ramil (2021a). Its bathymetrical distribution ranges from 0 to 240 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–25 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Polyplumaria G.O. Sars, 1874</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC5F250FF76FDC8FD8F0C0E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFC5F22EFF76F9CCFD390872.text	846787B2FFC5F22EFF76F9CCFD390872.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Polyplumaria flabellata G. O. Sars 1874	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Polyplumaria flabellata G.O. Sars, 1874</p>
            <p>(Fig. 11A)</p>
            <p> Polyplumaria flabellata G.O. Sars, 1874: 101–102 , pl. 2 figs 16–22.— Vervoort, 1966: 134, fig. 37A–D.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 193–197, fig. 50A–G.— Cornelius, 1995b: 163–164, fig. 38.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 248–253, figs 93–94.— Gil et al., 2020: 435, fig. 12C. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS132, 11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W, 23-X-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 42 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS133, 11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W, 733–737 m, 23-X-2008: five colonies without gonothecae, 47–125 mm high, of which four growing on worm tubes.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Polyplumaria flabellata is a well-known species and requires no further comment. This is the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p>Biology. In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found in March, May–August (Ansín Agís et al. 2001) and in December (Gil et al. 2020).</p>
            <p>In our material, some colonies were found growing on worm tubes. Gonothecae were not observed.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Polyplumaria flabellata is an East Atlantic species with a wide bathymetric distribution, ranging from 47 to 2200 m depth (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). Its distribution in West Africa has been recently documented by Gil et al. (2020). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 733–737 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Pseudoplumaria Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFC5F22EFF76F9CCFD390872	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBBF22EFF76F950FD800D00.text	846787B2FFBBF22EFF76F950FD800D00.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kirchenpaueriidae Stechow 1921	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Kirchenpaueriidae Stechow, 1921</p>
            <p> Genus  Kirchenpaueria Jickeli, 1883</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBBF22EFF76F950FD800D00	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBBF22EFF76FDC8FC930CE6.text	846787B2FFBBF22EFF76FDC8FC930CE6.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pseudoplumaria marocana (Billard 1930)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Pseudoplumaria marocana (Billard, 1930)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 11B)</p>
            <p> Plumularia marocana Billard, 1930: 79 , fig. 1.— Patriti, 1970: 54, fig. 76A–B.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 186–191, figs 48B–D; 49A–B. </p>
            <p> Pseudoplumaria marocana : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992b: 491–492, fig. 3.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 253–255, fig. 95. </p>
            <p> Polyplumaria flabellata : Gili et al., 1989: 91, fig. 19 [non  Polyplumaria flabellata G.O. Sars, 1874 ]. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS182, 10º14'14"– 10º13'22"N, 16º32'49"– 16º32'44"W, 211–224 m, 1-XI-2008: two colonies without gonothecae, 152–170 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS200, 10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W, 79 m, 4-XI-2008: four colonies with gonothecae, 270– 366 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS205, 10º19'09"– 10º19'47"N, 16º34'20"– 16º35'01"W, 203–204 m, 5-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 176 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. The colony habit, the ramification pattern without secondary hydrocladia, and the presence of a reduced nematotheca behind the adcauline wall of the hydrothecae allowed us to identify undoubtedly our material as  P. marocana . Also, the presence of a characteristic mamelon on the cladial apophyses is relevant, as noted by Billard (1930) and Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992). </p>
            <p>In some cases, we found quite long cladial internodes with unpaired distal nematothecae (Fig. 11B), a variation already described by Ramil &amp; Vervoort (1992a).</p>
            <p> The genera  Polyplumaria and  Pseudoplumaria were already included in the family  Halopterididae by Calder (1997: 25), an affinity subsequently confirmed by molecular studies (Moura et al. 2018). </p>
            <p>Biology. In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in July, October and November (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Pseudoplumaria marocana is an East-Atlantic species recorded from off the Bay of Biscay (Altuna 2012), the Cape San Vicente (Portugal) (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a, as  Plumularia marocana ), the Ampère Bank (Ramil et al. 1998), Atlantic side of the Strait of Gibraltar (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1995), Morocco (Billard 1930, as  Plumularia marocana ; Patriti 1970, as  Plumularia marocana ; Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a), Mauritania (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and Guinea-Bissau (Gili et al. 1989, as  Polyplumularia flabellata ). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 27 to 1378 m (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Ansín Agís et al. 2001). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 79–224 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBBF22EFF76FDC8FC930CE6	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBBF22FFF76F8D7FC2F091F.text	846787B2FFBBF22FFF76F8D7FC2F091F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kirchenpaueria pinnata (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Kirchenpaueria pinnata (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 11C)</p>
            <p> Sertularia pinnata Linnaeus, 1758: 813 . </p>
            <p> Kirchenpaueria pinnata : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 158–161, fig. 41A–C.— Ansín Agís et al, 2001: 183–188, fig. 74.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 106–108, fig. 20A–C.— Calder, 2012: 42–43, fig. 42.— Gravili et al., 2015: 108–110, fig. 77A–C. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 50 mm high, growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p>CCLME-1110, stn BT40, 10º15'45"– 10º14'39"N, 16º55'17"– 16º54'05"W, 224 m, 27-X-2011: four colonies without gonothecae, 17–28 mm high, of which two growing on a prosobranch.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Kirchenpaueria pinnata is a well-known species and requires no further comment. Our material represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau. </p>
            <p> Biology.  Kirchenpauera pinnata has been found growing on algae, bryozoans, polychaete tubes, hydrozoans, sponges, bio-concretions, anthozoans, pebbles and  D. pertusum (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil et al. 2020). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae were found throughout the year (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil et al. 2020). </p>
            <p>Colonies studied by us were found growing on worm tubes and prosobranchs. Gonothecae were not observed.</p>
            <p>Distribution. This species has a mainly East Atlantic distribution, with some isolated and doubtful records from the West Atlantic, Indian and Pacific Oceans (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). Its distribution in West Africa has been recently revised by Gil et al. (2020). Its bathymetric range extends from 0 to 769 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002).</p>
            <p>The colonies studied by us were collected at depths between 186–306 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBBF22FFF76F8D7FC2F091F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBAF22FFF76FB90FC180C81.text	846787B2FFBAF22FFF76FB90FC180C81.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemertesia freiwaldi Gil, Ramil & Ansin-Agis 2020	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemertesia freiwaldi Gil, Ramil &amp; Ansin-Agís, 2020</p>
            <p> Nemertesia freiwaldi Gil et al., 2020: 442–446 , figs 6–8. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: one colony with male and female gonothecae, 42 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: two colonies without gonothecae, 30–46 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 51 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks. This material represents the first record of this species since its description (Gil et al. 2020), and also the first record for Guinea-Bissau. Our colonies showed hydrorhizal adaptations for anchoring onto soft bottoms, a feature also found in the colonies described from Mauritania (Gil et al. 2020).</p>
            <p> Biology. This species has been found growing on  D. pertusum and soft bottoms. In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae have been found in November and December (Gil et al. 2020). </p>
            <p>In our material male and female gonothecae were found in October.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Nemertesia freiwaldi has been recorded only from Mauritania, between 405 and 642 m depth (Gil et al. 2020). </p>
            <p>Colonies studied herein were collected at depths between 56–306 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBAF22FFF76FB90FC180C81	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBAF22FFF76FC00FD8C0E4A.text	846787B2FFBAF22FFF76FC00FD8C0E4A.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plumulariidae McCrady 1959	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Plumulariidae McCrady, 1959</p>
            <p> Genus  Nemertesia Lamouroux, 1812</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBAF22FFF76FC00FD8C0E4A	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBAF22CFF76F883FC930F7F.text	846787B2FFBAF22CFF76F883FC930F7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemertesia irregularis (Quelch 1885)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemertesia irregularis (Quelch, 1885)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 11D–E)</p>
            <p> Antennularia irregularis : Gil et al., 2020: 446–452, figs 9, 10, 11 (synonymy). </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS132, 11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W, depth unknown, 23-X-2008: four colonies</p>
            <p> (one with gonothecae), 36–54 mm high, of which one growing on  Diphasia margareta and another one on a worm tube. </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: one colony without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS151, 11º05'09"– 11º04'15"N, 17º03'15"– 17º03'10"W, 46–47 m, 26-X-2008: one colony with gonothecae, 104 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 43 colonies (five with gonothecae), 26–128 mm high, of which two growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS172, 10º07'45"– 10º07'02"N, 16º34'11"– 16º33'37"W, 223–224 m, 31-X-2008: two colonies without gonothecae, growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS182, 10º14'14"– 10º13'22"N, 16º32'49"– 16º32'44"W, 211–224 m, 1-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 64 mm high, growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS199, 10º16'49"– 10º17'29"N, 16º22'15"– 16º22'49"W, 65–70 m, 4-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 42 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS200, 10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W, 79 m, 4-XI-2008: one colony with gonothecae, 358 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> Remarks. For many years, this species has been considered as a junior synonym of  Nemertesia antennina (Linnaeus, 1758) but, after reviewing a large number of specimens from Northwest Africa, Gil et al. (2020) emphasized the distinguishing characters allowing their specific separation. </p>
            <p>The material studied here agrees with that described by Gil et al. (2020) and, based on their records, we have extended its geographical distribution southwards. In addition, gonothecae were found for the first time in October.</p>
            <p> Most of the colonies of  N. irregualis studied herein were used as substrates by other hydroids. In some colonies from station BS152, we observed a phenomenon of auto-epizoism. </p>
            <p> Biology. Some colonies of  N. irregularis have been found growing on  D. pertusum (Gil et al. 2020) . In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been found in May, June (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a; Ansín Agís et al. 2001, both as  N. antennina ) November and December (Gil et al. 2020). </p>
            <p> In our material, some colonies were found growing on  D. margareta ,  L. myriophyllum and a worm tube. Gonothecae were found in October and November. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Nemertesia irregularis is an East Atlantic species (Gil et al. 2020) with a wide bathymetric distribution, ranging from 12 to 2450 m depths (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). In West Africa, it was recorded from Morocco to the Cape Verde Islands (Gil et al. 2020). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 46–306 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBAF22CFF76F883FC930F7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB9F22DFF76FA21FC910AB7.text	846787B2FFB9F22DFF76FA21FC910AB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemertesia perrieri (Billard 1901)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemertesia perrieri (Billard, 1901)</p>
            <p> Antennularia Perrieri Billard, 1901: 73 .—Billard, 1906: 211, fig. 15C. </p>
            <p> Nemertesia perrieri : Gili et al., 1989: 86, fig. 13A–B.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 211–215, fig. 82.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 114–115, fig. 22a–c.— Vervoort, 2006: 256. </p>
            <p> Nemertesia irregularis : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 170–173, fig. 48a.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 1995: 52–56, figs 22, 23c [non  Nemertesia irregularis (Quelch, 1885) ]. </p>
            <p>Material examined. CCLME-1110, stn BT60, 12º03'04"– 12º01'38"N, 17º23'45"– 17º23'34"W, 478–486 m, 30-X-2011: one colony without gonothecae, 77 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>Remarks. Our material conforms to that studied by Gil et al. (2020) from the Mauritanian coral mounds. No further discussion is required.</p>
            <p>Biology. This species usually provides a substrate for other hydroids, and is common in mixed sand and muddy bottoms. Conversely, it has also been found growing on polychaete tubes (Medel &amp; Vervoort 1995; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In the northern hemisphere, gonothecae have been found between February–May, July and August (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Nemertesia perrieri has been recorded from NW France to Guinea-Bissau, including the Mediterranean Sea (Gili et al. 1989; Gil et al. 2020). Its distribution in NW Africa has recently been revised by Gil et al. (2020). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 5 to 1837 m depth (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p>Our colony was collected at depths between 478–486 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB9F22DFF76FA21FC910AB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB8F22DFF76FEE9FC930D76.text	846787B2FFB8F22DFF76FEE9FC930D76.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemertesia ramosa (Lamarck 1816)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemertesia ramosa (Lamarck, 1816)</p>
            <p> Antennularia ramosa Lamarck, 1816: 123 . </p>
            <p> Nemertesia ramosa : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 173–176, fig. 44A–F.— Cornelius, 1995b: 155–156, fig. 36.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 215–222, fig. 83–84.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 115–117, fig. 22D–F.— Gravili et al., 2015: 125–126, fig. 89A–E. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: two colonies (one with gonothecae), 80–98 mm high, of which one growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS151, 11º05'09"– 11º04'15"N, 17º03'15"– 17º03'10"W, 46–47 m, 26-X-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 105 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: five colonies without gonothecae, 63–175 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28-X-2008: six colonies without gonothecae, 90–320 mm high, of which one growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS174, 10º01'42"– 10º02'16"N, 17º00'52"– 17º01'35"W, 419 m, 31-X-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 235 mm high, growing on a worm tube.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS195, 10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W, 29 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 49 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS199, 10º16'49"– 10º17'29"N, 16º22'15"– 16º22'49"W, 65–70 m, 4-XI-2008: 13 colonies (some with gonothecae), 110–206 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS200, 10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W, 79 m, 4-XI-2008: two colonies without gonothecae, 74– 119 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS216, 10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W, 56–58 m, 7-XI-2008: four colonies without gonothecae, 90–170 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>CCLME-1110, stn BT40, 10º15'45"– 10º14'39"N, 16º55'17"– 16º54'05"W, 224 m, 27-X-2011: one colony without gonothecae, 15 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>CCLME-1110, stn BT49, 10º57'13"– 10º58'26"N, 16º59'29"– 17º00'29"W, 62 m, 29-X-2011: one colony without gonothecae, 14 mm high, growing on a polychaete tube.</p>
            <p> Remarks.  Nemertesia ramosa is a well-known species in the East Atlantic and does not require further comments. </p>
            <p> Biology.  Nemertesia ramosa has been mainly collected from non-living hard substrates, but also as an epizoite of other hydroids, anthozoans, bivalves, decapod crustaceans, as well as growing directly on muddy bottoms (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gravili et al. 2015). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been collected from January to October and December (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002), while in the southern hemisphere, gonothecae were observed in September (Millard, 1957). </p>
            <p>In our material, some colonies were found growing on worm tubes. Gonothecae were observed in October and November.</p>
            <p>Distribution. East Atlantic species distributed from Iceland and Norway to South Africa (Calder 2012). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco, Western Sahara, Mauritania, Gambia, the Cape Verde Archipelago, Guinea-Bissau, the Republic of Guinea, the Ivory Coast, Ghana and Namibia (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 3 to 1425 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002).</p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 29–308 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB8F22DFF76FEE9FC930D76	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBFF22AFF76FF35FDED0FB7.text	846787B2FFBFF22AFF76FF35FDED0FB7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemertesia ventriculiformis (Marktanner-Turneretscher 1890)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemertesia ventriculiformis (Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890)</p>
            <p>(Fig. 11F)</p>
            <p> Plumularia ventriculiformis Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890: 256–257 , pl. 6 figs 5, 5a. </p>
            <p> Nemertesia ventriculiformis : Castric-Fey, 1970: 12–18, figs 15–22.— Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 177–180, fig. 45A–H.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 222–226, fig. 85. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS133, 11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W, 733–737 m, 23-X-2008: seven colonies without gonothecae, 40–70 mm high, of which five growing on worm tubes.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: nine colonies without gonothecae, 13–122 mm high, of which one growing on  Halecium halecinum . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS149, 11º06'46"– 11º07'39"N, 17º06'23"– 17º06'40"W, 71 m, 26-X-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 138 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 18 colonies without gonothecae, 30–175 mm high, of which one growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS157, 10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W, 304–308 m, 28-X-2008: three colonies without gonothecae, 29–176 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS173, 10º04'52"– 10º04'17"N, 16º34'12"– 16º33'30"W, 277–278 m, 31-X-2008: three colonies without gonothecae, 47–163 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: two colonies without gonothecae, 79 mm high, of which one growing on  Diphasia digitalis . </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Nemertesia ventriculiformis is similar to  N. norvegica (G.O. Sars, 1874) and  N. falcicula (Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992) with respect to the trophosome. The differences between all three species have been highlighted by Ansín Agís et al. (2001), and are mainly based on gonothecal features, with also some trophosomal differences. The presence of two lateral nematothecae,the shape and size of the hydrothecae and the presence of numerous,characteristic perisarcal ridges in the hydrocladial internodes allowed us to identify our material as  N. ventriculiformis . </p>
            <p>Our material represents the first record of this species for Guinea-Bissau.</p>
            <p>Biology. In the northern hemisphere, colonies with gonothecae have been found in June, July, September, November and December (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a).</p>
            <p> In our material, some colonies were found growing on worm tubes and other hydroids, such as  H. halecinum ,  L. myriophyllum and  D. digitalis . </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Nemertesia ventriculiformis is an East Atlantic-Mediterranean species known from the Glénan Archipelago (France) to Senegal including the Mediterranean Sea, with a bathymetric range extending from 10 to 930 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). In West Africa, it has been collected from Morocco (Ramil &amp; Vervoort 1992a), Mauritania (Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a) and the Cape Verde Archipelago (Ansín Agís et al. 2001). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–737 m.</p>
            <p> Genus  Plumularia Lamarck, 1816</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBFF22AFF76FF35FDED0FB7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBFF22BFF76F985FC0E0883.text	846787B2FFBFF22BFF76F985FC0E0883.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758)</p>
            <p> Sertularia setacea Linnaeus, 1758: 813 . </p>
            <p> Plumularia setacea : Ramil &amp; Vervoort, 1992a: 191–193, fig. 47F–I.— Ansín Agís et al., 2001: 238–245, fig. 91.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 117–119, fig. 21C–D.— Vervoort, 2006: 259.— Ansín Agís et al., 2014: 824, fig. 22.— Gravili et al., 2015: 127–128, fig. 90A–D. </p>
            <p> Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS147, 11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W, 186–306 m, 26-X-2008: two colonies without gonothecae, growing on  Diphasia margareta . </p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS152, 10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W, 300–305 m, 27-X-2008: 22 colonies (four with gonothecae), all growing on  Lytocarpia myriophyllum . </p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: three colonies without gonothecae, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p>BISSAU-0810, stn BS192, 10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W, 24 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, 12 mm high, substrate unknown.</p>
            <p> BISSAU-0810, stn BS200, 10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W, 79 m, 4-XI-2008: four colonies without gonothecae, growing on  Pseudoplumaria marocana . </p>
            <p> Remarks.  Plumularia setacea is a well-known species and requires no further comment. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been found growing on algae, bio-concretions, mollusk shells, bryozoans, sponges, cirripeds, anthozoans and other hydroids (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002; Gil &amp; Ramil 2021a). Gonothecae have been found throughout the year in both hemispheres (Gili et al. 1989; Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Genzano &amp; Zamponi 2002).</p>
            <p> Our colonies were found growing on the hydroids  D. margareta ,  L. myriophyllum and  P. marocana . Gonothecae were observed in October. </p>
            <p> Distribution.  Plumularia setacea is a circumglobal species (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil et al. 2020). In West Africa, it has been recorded from Morocco to Namibia (Gil et al. 2020), including the Vema Seamount (Millard 1966b; Gil &amp; Ramil 2021b). Its bathymetric distribution ranges from 0 to 1513 m (Ansín Agís et al. 2001; Gil &amp; Ramil 2017a). </p>
            <p>The material studied by us was collected at depths between 24–306 m.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBFF22BFF76F985FC0E0883	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBEF22BFF76FCBCFD9909CE.text	846787B2FFBEF22BFF76FCBCFD9909CE.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phylactothecidae Stechow 1921	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Phylactothecidae Stechow, 1921</p>
            <p> Genus  Hydrodendron Hincks, 1874</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBEF22BFF76FCBCFD9909CE	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBEF228FF76FC0CFE9F0B9F.text	846787B2FFBEF228FF76FC0CFE9F0B9F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hydrodendron mirabile (Hincks 1866)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Hydrodendron mirabile (Hincks, 1866)</p>
            <p> Ophiodes mirabilis Hincks, 1866: 422–423 , pl. 14 figs 1–5. </p>
            <p> Hydrodendron mirabile : Gili et al., 1989: 81–82, fig. 10B.— Bouillon et al., 1995: 47.— Cornelius, 1995a: 309–311, fig. 73.— Medel &amp; Vervoort, 2000: 26–28.— Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa, 2002: 81–82, fig. 16 b–c.— Choong et al., 2018: 60–61, fig. 12. </p>
            <p> Ophiodissa caciniformis : Ritchie, 1907: 500–501, pl. XXIII figs 11–12, pl. XXIV fig. 1, pl. XXV fig. 5.— Vervoort, 1959: 218–221, figs 1, 2. </p>
            <p> Hydrodendron caciniformis : Millard, 1975: 158–160, fig. 51A–F. </p>
            <p>Material examined. BISSAU-0810, stn BS191, 10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W, 24–25 m, 3-XI-2008: one colony without gonothecae, growing on a bryozoan.</p>
            <p> Remarks. For many years, some authors have noted the need to evaluate the appropriateness of the inclusion of the genus  Hydrodendron Hincks, 1874 within the family  Haleciidae (Watson 1969; Cornelius 1975), due to the presence of nematophores. Furthermore, during the last decades, several molecular studies have shown a clear divergence between  Hydrodendron and  Halecium species (Maronna et al. 2016). Moreover, the peculiar morphological characters of  H. mirabile are shared with genera of the superfamily  Plumularioidea (Choong et al. 2018) . Consequently, several authors proposed to include this species in the family  Phylactothecidae within the superfamily  Plumularioidea to accommodate all the species belonging to the genus  Hydrodendron (see Choong et al. 2018), an opinion followed here. </p>
            <p>Biology. This species has been often collected growing on algae, but also on rocks, seagrasses, hydroids and other invertebrates (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In the northern hemisphere, fertile material has been collected in July in the Mediterranean (Motz-Kossowska 1911).</p>
            <p>The colony studied by us was found growing on a bryozoan.</p>
            <p> Distribution.  Hydrodendron mirabile is an Indo-West Pacific species restricted to tropical and temperate waters (Peña Cantero &amp; García Carrascosa 2002). In West Africa, it has been recorded from the Cape Verde Archipelago (Ritchie 1907, as  O. caciniformis ; Rees &amp; Thursfield 1965, as  H. caciniformis ), Guinea-Bissau (Vervoort 1959, as  O. caciniformis ; Gili et al. 1989) and Congo (Bouillon et al. 1995). Its bathymetric range extends from 0 (Millard 1975; Ramil &amp; Iglesias 1988, as  O. mirabilis ) to 65 m (Vervoort 1959, as  O. caciniformis ). </p>
            <p>Our material was collected at depths between 24–25 m.</p>
            <p>CHECKLIST OF THE HYDROIDS REPORTED FROM GUINEA-BISSAU</p>
            <p>In the checklist provided below, we have also included the taxa identified by Moura et al. (2024). Nevertheless, we believe that the hydroid species cited in this study should be taken with caution, due to all species identifications were based only on morphospecies separation and molecular analyses, as the proper authors recognize. Of the 15 hydrozoan species mentioned there, 11 are identified as cf. or aff. An integrative taxonomic study with formal taxonomic descriptions, drawings and biometric date of the sequenced material is required to confirm their identifications or to describe putative new species. Records of species dealt with by Moura et al. (2024) are marked with an asterisk.</p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBEF228FF76FC0CFE9F0B9F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBDF228FF76FB9DFAF10EA7.text	846787B2FFBDF228FF76FB9DFAF10EA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Bougainvillia muscus (Allman 1863)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Bougainvillia muscus (Allman, 1863) —(11º28'N, 17º29'W), 263–439 m (Gili et al. 1989: 71, as  B. ramosa ). </p>
            <p> Bimeria vestita Wright, 1859 ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º48’29’’N, 16º34’57’’W), 32 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Garveia nutans Wright, 1859 ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBDF228FF76FB9DFAF10EA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBDF228FF76FA4DFC100D3F.text	846787B2FFBDF228FF76FA4DFC100D3F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Eudendriidae L. Agassiz 1862	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Eudendriidae L. Agassiz, 1862</p>
            <p> Eudendrium album Nutting, 1898 ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Eudendrium capillare Alder, 1856 ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Eudendrium ramosum (Linnaeus, 1758) —(11º28'N, 17º11'W) 4751? m; (11º31'N, 17º20'W), 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 71).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W), 56–58 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Eudendrium sp. —(11º23'N, 17º22'W), 270–292 m (Gili et al. 1989: 71). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBDF228FF76FA4DFC100D3F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBDF228FF76FA99FAAC0FD3.text	846787B2FFBDF228FF76FA99FAAC0FD3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pandeidae Haeckel 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Pandeidae Haeckel, 1879</p>
            <p> Leuckartiara octona (Fleming, 1823) ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBDF228FF76FA99FAAC0FD3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBDF228FF76FDC9FBCF0883.text	846787B2FFBDF228FF76FDC9FBCF0883.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Pennariidae McCrady 1859	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Pennariidae McCrady, 1859 * </p>
            <p> Pennaria cf. disticha * — (11.17851N, 16.52078W), 10–12 m (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBDF228FF76FDC9FBCF0883	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBCF229FF76FB9DFC260EA7.text	846787B2FFBCF229FF76FB9DFC260EA7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campanulinidae Hincks 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Campanulinidae Hincks, 1869</p>
            <p> Plicatotheca anitae Calder &amp; Vervoort, 1986 —(11º58'N, 17º22'W), 197–219 m; (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 256 m; (11º28'N, 17º29'W), 263–439 m (Gili et al. 1989: 77).—(10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W)  , 300–305 m; (10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W) , 304–308 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBCF229FF76FB9DFC260EA7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBCF229FF76FDC9FCE108BF.text	846787B2FFBCF229FF76FDC9FCE108BF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Cirrholoveniidae Bouillon 1984	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Cirrholoveniidae Bouillon, 1984</p>
            <p> Cirrholovenia tetranema Kramp, 1959 ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBCF229FF76FDC9FCE108BF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBCF229FF76FCE1FCD709A3.text	846787B2FFBCF229FF76FCE1FCD709A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lovenellidae Russell 1953	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Lovenellidae Russell, 1953</p>
            <p> Lovenella clausa (Lovén, 1836) ⁑ —(10º48’29’’N, 16º34’57’’W), 32 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Lovenella corrugata Thornely, 1908 ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBCF229FF76FCE1FCD709A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBCF229FF76FA99FB590C47.text	846787B2FFBCF229FF76FA99FB590C47.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Mitrocomidae Haeckel 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Mitrocomidae Haeckel, 1879</p>
            <p> Earleria panicula (G.O. Sars, 1874) ⁑ —(11º14'17"– 11º13'22"N, 17º13'07"– 17º13'12"W), 335–393 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º10'16"– 10º11'00"N, 17º07'21"– 17º07'54"W), 382–387 m; (10º14'14"– 10º13'22"N, 16º32'49"– 16º32'44"W), 211–224 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Cyclocanna producta (G.O. Sars, 1874) ⁑ —(10º26′47′′N, 17º22′43′′W), 504 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBCF229FF76FA99FB590C47	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBCF229FF76FF7DFC9D0857.text	846787B2FFBCF229FF76FF7DFC9D0857.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Tiarannidae Russell 1940	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Tiarannidae Russell, 1940</p>
            <p> Modeeria rotunda (Quoy &amp; Gaimard, 1827) —(10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, (Vervoort 1959: 234–235, as  Stegopoma fastigiatum ).—(11º31'N, 17º17'W) 219 m; (11º53'N, 17º20'W), 183–263 m; (11º38'N, 17º21'W) 219–263 m (Gili et al. 1989: 74).—(11º14'17"– 11º13'22"N, 17º13'07"– 17º13'12"W)  , 335–393 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W) , 300–305 m; (10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W), 304–308 m; (10º10'16"– 10º11'00"N, 17º07'21"– 17º07'54"W), 382–387 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Stegopoma bathyale Vervoort, 1966 ⁑ —(10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W), 304–308 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBCF229FF76FF7DFC9D0857	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBCF229FF76F9F9FDDB0CAF.text	846787B2FFBCF229FF76F9F9FDDB0CAF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Zygophylacidae Quelch 1885	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Zygophylacidae Quelch, 1885</p>
            <p> Cryptolaria pectinata (Allman, 1888) —(11º22'N, 17º21'W), 256 m; (11º22'N, 17º20'W), 281 m; (11º28'N, 17º29'W), 263–439 m (Gili et al. 1989: 71). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBCF229FF76F9F9FDDB0CAF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFBCF226FF76F891FDF60BC7.text	846787B2FFBCF226FF76F891FDF60BC7.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Lafoeidae Hincks 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Lafoeidae Hincks, 1869</p>
            <p> Acryptolaria conferta conferta (Allman, 1877) ⁑ —(11º34'07"– 11º33'13"N, 17º11'25"– 17º11'31"W), 102–103 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Filellum cf. serpens (Hassall, 1848) —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m (Vervoort 1959: 236, as  Grammaria serpens ).  Filellum cf. Serratum (Clarke, 1879) ⁑ —(11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m; (10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W), 79 m; (11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W), 35–37 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Lafoea dumosa (Fleming, 1820) —(11º23'N, 17º22'W), 270–292 m (Gili et al. 1989: 73). </p>
            <p> Lafoea gracillima (Alder, 1856) ⁑ —(11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W); (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º10'16"– 10º11'00"N, 17º07'21"– 17º07'54"W), 382–387 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFBCF226FF76F891FDF60BC7	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB3F226FF76FBB8FCE10F7F.text	846787B2FFB3F226FF76FBB8FCE10F7F.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Campanulariidae Johnston 1836	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Campanulariidae Johnston, 1836</p>
            <p> Campanularia hincksii Alder, 1856 —(10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, (Vervoort 1959: 311).—(10º33'N, 16º24'W) 34 m, (11º31'N, 17º20'W), 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 105).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W)  , 24–25m;(10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N,16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W) , 24 m;(16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m; (10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W), 79 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Orthopyxis mollis (Stechow, 1919) ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB3F226FF76FBB8FCE10F7F	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB3F226FF76FA20FCE00DB4.text	846787B2FFB3F226FF76FA20FCE00DB4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Clytiidae Cockerell 1911	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Clytiidae Cockerell, 1911</p>
            <p> Clytia gracilis (M. Sars, 1850) —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m; (10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, [Vervoort 1959: 313, as  L. (Phialidium) pelagica ].—(10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W)  , 300–305 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W) , 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W), 56–58 m; (11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W), 35–37 m; (10º41'43"– 10º43'12"N, 16º48'37"– 16º48'55"W), 107 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Clytia hemisphaerica (Linnaeus, 1767) —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, (Vervoort 1959: 312, as  C. johnstoni ).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Clytia linearis (Thornely, 1900) ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Clytia paulensis (Vanhöffen, 1910) —(11º28'N, 17º11'W) 4751 m (Gili et al. 1989: 106).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W), 56–58 m; (11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W), 35–37 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB3F226FF76FA20FCE00DB4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB3F226FF76FE78FAB20987.text	846787B2FFB3F226FF76FE78FAB20987.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Hebellidae Fraser 1912	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Hebellidae Fraser, 1912</p>
            <p> Hebella contorta Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890 —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m (Vervoort 1959: 239, as  H. scandens var. contorta ). </p>
            <p> Hebella ritchiei Vervoort, 1959 ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Hebella scandens (Bale, 1888) —(11º42'N, 17º11'W), 62 m (Gili et al. 1989: 72, as  H. scandens var. michaelseni ).— (11º15'35"– 11º16'30"N, 17º09'49"– 17º09'49"W), 95–96 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W), 79 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W)  , 56–58 m; (11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W) , 35–37 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Hebella sp. ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Scandia gigas (Pieper, 1884) —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m (Vervoort 1959: 242, as  Hebella michael-sarsi ). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB3F226FF76FE78FAB20987	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB2F227FF76FF35FBDB0977.text	846787B2FFB2F227FF76FF35FBDB0977.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Obeliidae Haeckel 1879	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Obeliidae Haeckel, 1879</p>
            <p> Laomedea calceolifera (Hincks, 1871) ⁑ —(11º34'07"– 11º33'13"N, 17º11'25"– 17º11'31"W), 102–103 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Obelia bidentata Clark, 1875 —(10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, [Vervoort 1959: 315, as  L. (Obelia) bicuspidata ].—(11º31'N, 17º20'W)  , 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 107).—(11º28'17"– 11º29'11"N, 17º13'12"– 17º13'22"W) , 374–385 m; (11º14'17"– 11º13'22"N, 17º13'07"– 17º13'12"W), 335–393 m; (11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W), 56–58 m; (10º48’29’’N, 16º34’57’’W), 32 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Obelia aff. Bidentata Clark, 1875 * —(11.52812N, 16.14595W), 5 m (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
            <p> Obelia dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758) —(10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, [Vervoort 1959: 316, as  L. (Obelia) dichotoma ].— (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 256 m (Gili et al. 1989: 107– 108).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Obelia aff. Dichotoma (Linnaeus, 1758) * —(11.52462N, 16.22524W), 5–8 m; (11.17851N – 16.52078W), 10–12 m; (11.049997N, 15.607268W), 1–3 m (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
            <p> Obelia aff. geniculata (Linnaeus, 1758) * —(11.049997N, 15.607268W), 1–3 m (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
            <p> Obelia pseudodichotoma (Vervoort, 1959) comb. nov. ⁑ —(10º14'20"– 10º13'43"N, 17º02'14"– 17º01'34"W), 223– 224 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB2F227FF76FF35FBDB0977	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB2F224FF76FC29FECF0A9B.text	846787B2FFB2F224FF76FC29FECF0A9B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Haleciidae Hincks 1869	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Haleciidae Hincks, 1869</p>
            <p> Halecium beanii (Johnston, 1838) —(10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m (Vervoort 1959: 225).— (11º58'N, 17º22'W)  , 197–219 m; (11º28'N, 17º11'W) 4751? m (Gili et al. 1989: 77).—(10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W), 56–58 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Halecium delicatulum Coughtrey, 1876 —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m (Vervoort 1959: 227, as  H. parvulum )— (11º53'N, 17º20'W), 183–263 m; (11º25'N, 17º15'W), 60' 64 m (Gili et al. 1989: 78).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m; (11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W), 35–37 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Halecium halecinum (Linnaeus, 1758) ⁑ —(11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W), 56–58 m; (11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W), 35–37 m; (10º57'13"– 10º58'26"N, 16º59'29"– 17º00'29"W), 62 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Halecium lankesterii (Bourne, 1890) —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m; (10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, (Vervoort 1959: 221).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W)  , 24–25 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W) , 20–21 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Halecium liouvillei Billard, 1934 ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Halecium marocanum Billard, 1934 ⁑ —(11º34'07"– 11º33'13"N, 17º11'25"– 17º11'31"W), 102–103 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Halecium tenellum Hincks, 1861 —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m; (10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m (Vervoort 1959: 229).—(10º33'N, 16º24'W) 34 m; (11º53'N, 17º20'W), 183–263 m; (11º25'N, 17º15'W), 60' 64 m (Gili et al. 1989: 81).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Nemalecium lighti (Hargitt, 1924) * —(11.17851N, 16.52078W), 10–12 m; (11.52812N, 16.14595W), 5 m (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB2F224FF76FC29FECF0A9B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB1F224FF76FD74FA5A0F1B.text	846787B2FFB1F224FF76FD74FA5A0F1B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertularellidae Maronna 2016	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Sertularellidae Maronna et al., 2016</p>
            <p> Sertularella gayi (Lamouroux, 1821) —(10º43'N, 17º16'W) 238 m; (10º42'N, 17º12'W) 234 m; (11º58'N, 17º22'W), 197–219 m; (11º53'N, 17º20'W), 183–263 m; (11º28'N, 17º11'W) 4751? m; (11º36'N, 17º20'W), 241–439 m; (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 256 m; (11º38'N, 17º21'W) 219–263 m; (11º28'N, 17º29'W), 263–439 m; 263–439 m; (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 292 m; (11º31'N, 17º20'W), 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 102, as  S. gayi ).—(11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W), 733–737 m; (11º14'17"– 11º13'22"N, 17º13'07"– 17º13'12"W), 335–393 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W), 304–308 m; (10º04'52"– 10º04'17"N, 16º34'12"– 16º33'30"W), 277–278 m; (10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W), 79 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W), 56–58 m; (11º35'33"– 11º34'02"N, 17º18'01"– 17º17'50"W), 109–110 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Sertularella mediterranea Hartlaub, 1901 —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m (Vervoort 1959: 272). </p>
            <p> Sertularella polyzonias (Linnaeus, 1758) ⁑ —(11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W); (10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W), 304–308 m; (10º01'42"– 10º02'16"N, 17º00'52"– 17º01'35"W), 419 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W), 56–58 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Sertularella robusta (Allman 1874) ⁑ —(10º22'50"– 10º23'40"N, 17º19'08"– 17º19'08"W), 849–940 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Sertularella undulitheca Vervoort, 1959 ⁑ —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m; (10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, (Vervoort 1959:269–270).—(10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB1F224FF76FD74FA5A0F1B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB1F224FF76FECCFC6008CB.text	846787B2FFB1F224FF76FECCFC6008CB.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Thyroscyphidae Stechow 1920	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Thyroscyphidae Stechow, 1920</p>
            <p> Sertularelloides cylindritheca (Allman, 1888) —(11º42'N, 17º11'W), 62 m (Gili et al. 1989: 100).—(11º15'35"– 11º16'30"N, 17º09'49"– 17º09'49"W), 95–96 m; (10º16'49"– 10º17'29"N, 16º22'15"– 16º22'49"W), 65–70 m; (10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W), 79 m; (11º22'11"– 11º21'55"N, 17º02'30"– 17º01'54"W), 35–37 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Thyroscyphus marginatus (Allman, 1877) ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB1F224FF76FECCFC6008CB	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB1F225FF76FA04FECD0E8B.text	846787B2FFB1F225FF76FA04FECD0E8B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Sertulariidae Lamouroux 1812	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Sertulariidae Lamouroux, 1812</p>
            <p> Amphisbetia distans (Lamouroux, 1816) ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Diphasia africana Gil &amp; Ramil 2017 —(11º58'N, 17º22'W), 197–219 m; (11º53'N, 17º20'W), 183–263 m; (11º30'N, 17º20'W), 238 m; (11º28'N, 17º11'W) 4751? m; (11º36'N, 17º20'W), 241–439 m; (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 256 m; (11º38'N, 17º21'W) 219–263 m; (11º28'N, 17º29'W), 263–439 m; 263–439 m; (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 292 m; (11º39'N, 17º20'W), 131–157 m; (11º31'N, 17º20'W), 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 99, as  D. margareta ).—  10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W , 304–308 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Diphasia alata (Hincks, 1855) ⁑ —(10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W), 79 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Diphasia attenuata (Hincks, 1866) —(11º38'N, 17º21'W) 219–263 m; (11º39'N, 17º20'W), 131–157 m (Gili et al. 1989: 98). </p>
            <p> Diphasia digitalis (Busk, 1852) —(11º20'N, 15º52'W) 6–11 m (Billard 1931a).—(11.050670N, 15.649258W), 1–3 m *; (10.965739N, 15.652138W), 3–10 m *, (11.52462N, 16.22524W), 5–8 m * (Moura et al. 2024).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W)  , 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W) , 24 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m; (10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W), 79 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Diphasia margareta (Hassall, 1841) ⁑ —(11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W); (11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W), 733–737 m; (11º28'17"– 11º29'11"N, 17º13'12"– 17º13'22"W), 374–385 m; (11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W), 304–308 m; (10º04'52"– 10º04'17"N, 16º34'12"– 16º33'30"W), 277–278 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Diphasia sp. (  aff. digitalis )*—(11.17851N, 16.52078W), 10–12 m (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
            <p> Dynamena disticha (Bosc, 1802) —(11º22'N, 17º21'W), 256 m (Gili et al. 1989: 100, as  D. cornicina ).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Dynamena aff. Disticha (Bosc, 1802) * —(11.28559N, 16.482163W), 1–5 m (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
            <p> Dynamena quadridentata (Ellis &amp; Solander, 1786) * —(11.17851N, 16.52078W), 10–12 m (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
            <p> Idiellana pristis (Lamouroux, 1816) —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m; (10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, (Vervoort 1959: 252–253, as  Idiella pristis ).—(11º38'N, 15º13'W)   10 m (Billard 1931a, as  Idia pristis ).— (10º19'32"– 10º18'42"N, 15º30'40"– 15º31'04"W)  , 22–28 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m; (10º16'49"– 10º17'29"N, 16º22'15"– 16º22'49"W), 65–70 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Sertularia dalmasi (Versluys, 1899) 1959—(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m (Vervoort 1959: 280). </p>
            <p> Tridentata loculosa (Busk, 1852) —(11º20'N, 15º52'W) 6–11 m (Billard 1931a as  S. loculosa ).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Tridentata marginata (Kirchenpauer, 1864) ⁑ —(10.868218N, 15.718782W), 3–6 m *, (11.049997N, 15.607268W), 1–3 m * (Moura et al. 2024)—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W)  , 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W) , 24 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m; (10º16'49"– 10º17'29"N, 16º22'15"– 16º22'49"W), 65–70 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Tridentata rugosissima (Thornely, 1904) ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Tridentata turbinata (Lamouroux, 1816) —(11º20'N, 15º52'W) 6–11 m (Billard 1931a, as  Sertularia turbinata ).— (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB1F225FF76FA04FECD0E8B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB0F222FF76FAFCFCE109CF.text	846787B2FFB0F222FF76FAFCFCE109CF.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Aglaopheniidae Broch 1918	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Aglaopheniidae Broch, 1918</p>
            <p> Aglaophenia dichotoma Kirchenpauer, 1872 —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, (Vervoort 1959: 308, as  A. pluma var. dichotoma ). </p>
            <p> Aglaophenia lophocarpa Allman, 1877 —(11º22'N, 17º21'W), 256 m; (11º28'N, 17º29'W), 263–439 m; (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 292 m (Gili et al. 1989: 92–93).—(11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W); (11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W), 733–737 m; (11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W), 304–308 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Aglaophenia pluma (Linnaeus, 1758) —(10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, (Vervoort 1959: 307, as  A. pluma var. typica ). </p>
            <p> Aglaophenia tubulifera (Hincks, 1861) —(11º36'N, 17º20'W), 241–439 m; (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 256 m; (11º28'N, 17º29'W), 263–439 m; 263–439 m; (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 292 m; (11º39'N, 17º20'W), 131–157 m (Gili et al. 1989: 95).—(11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W), 733–737 m; (11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W), 304–308 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Aglaophenia willasseni Gil &amp; Ramil, 2021 ⁑ — (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Cladocarpus sinuosus Vervoort, 1966 —(11º58'N, 17º22'W), 197–219 m (cf. Gili et al. 1989: 96). </p>
            <p> Lytocarpia myriophyllum (Linnaeus, 1758) —(10º33'N, 16º24'W) 34 m; (10º38'N, 16º25'W), 33 m; (10º57'N, 17º17'W), 260 m; (10º45'N, 17º16'W) 239 m; (10º42'N, 17º12'W) 234 m; (10º43'N, 17º11'W) 228 m; (11º53'N, 17º21'W) 194 m; (11º57'N, 17º20'W) 205 m; (11º58'N, 17º22'W), 197–219 m; (11º30'N, 17º20'W), 238 m; (11º28'N, 17º11'W) 4751? m; (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 256 m; (11º38'N, 17º20'W), 226–245 m; (11º38'N, 17º21'W) 219–263 m; (11º31'N, 17º20'W), 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 96–97).—(11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W), 733–737 m; (11º28'17"– 11º29'11"N, 17º13'12"– 17º13'22"W), 374–385 m; (11º28'29"– 11º27'33"N, 17º08'30"– 17º08'33"W), 75–76 m; (11º14'17"– 11º13'22"N, 17º13'07"– 17º13'12"W), 335–393 m; (11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (11º06'46"– 11º07'39"N, 17º06'23"– 17º06'40"W), 71 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W), 304–308 m; (10º07'45"– 10º07'02"N, 16º34'11"– 16º33'37"W), 223–224 m; (10º01'42"– 10º02'16"N, 17º00'52"– 17º01'35"W), 419 m; (10º10'16"– 10º11'00"N, 17º07'21"– 17º07'54"W), 382–387 m; (10º14'14"– 10º13'22"N, 16º32'49"– 16º32'44"W), 211–224 m; (9º59'41"– 9º58'31"N, 16º49'40"– 16º48'35"W), 314 m; (10º28'41"– 10º29'37"N, 16º26'14"– 16º27'37"W) 48–49 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Lytocarpia tridentata (Versluys, 1899) ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º21'13"– 10º21'51"N, 16º10'17"– 16º10'56"W), 20–21 m; (10º21'59"– 10º22'36"N, 16º13'23"– 16º14'03"W), 21–24 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Macrorhynchia philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872 —(11º38'N, 15º13'W), 10 m (Billard 1931a, as  Lytocarpus philippinus ).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Macrorhynchia cf. philippina Kirchenpauer, 1872 * —(11.049997N, 15.607268 W), 1–3 m; (11.52462N, 16.22524W), 5–8 m; (11.52812N, 16.14595W), 5 m; (11.050670N, 15.649258W), 1–3 m (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
            <p> Streptocaulus dollfusi (Billard, 1924) ⁑ —(10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W), 56–58 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB0F222FF76FAFCFCE109CF	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB7F222FF76FC70FD6D0CDC.text	846787B2FFB7F222FF76FC70FD6D0CDC.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Halopterididae Millard 1962	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Halopterididae Millard, 1962</p>
            <p> Antennella secundaria (Gmelin, 1791) —(11º58'N, 17º22'W), 197–219 m; (11º28'N, 17º29'W), 263–439 m; (11º31'N, 17º20'W), 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 83).—(11º34'07"– 11º33'13"N, 17º11'25"– 17º11'31"W)  , 102–103 m; (11º28'17"– 11º29'11"N, 17º13'12"– 17º13'22"W) , 374–385 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º15'45"– 10º14'39"N, 16º55'17"– 16º54'05"W), 224 m; (10º15'41"– 10º16'47"N, 16º55'17"– 16º56'27"W), 224–225 m; (10º35'40"– 10º36'53"N, 16º59'31"– 17º00'30"W), 209 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Antennella siliquosa (Hincks, 1877) —(10º22'N, 16º22'W), 41–55 m; (10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, (Vervoort 1959: 286–288, as  A. diaphana f.  siliquosa ).—(11º34'07"– 11º33'13"N, 17º11'25"– 17º11'31"W), 102–103 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Halopteris aff. alternata (Nutting, 1900) * —(11.534908N, 16.217364W), tidal level (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
            <p> Halopteris catharina (Johnston, 1833) ⁑ —(11º28'17"– 11º29'11"N, 17º13'12"– 17º13'22"W), 374–385 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Halopteris diaphana (Heller, 1868) ⁑ —(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Polyplumaria flabellata G.O. Sars, 1874 ⁑ —(11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W); (11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W), 733–737 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Pseudoplumaria marocana (Billard, 1930) —(11º31'N, 17º17'W) 219 m; (11º58'N, 17º22'W), 197–219 m; (11º28'N, 17º11'W) 4751? m; (11º31'N, 17º20'W), 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 91, as  Polyplumularia flabellata ).—(10º14'14"– 10º13'22"N, 16º32'49"– 16º32'44"W), 211–224 m; (10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W), 79 m; (10º19'09"– 10º19'47"N, 16º34'20"– 16º35'01"W), 203–204 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB7F222FF76FC70FD6D0CDC	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB7F222FF76F946FC490D24.text	846787B2FFB7F222FF76F946FC490D24.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Kirchenpaueriidae Stechow 1921	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Kirchenpaueriidae Stechow, 1921</p>
            <p> Kirchenpaueria pinnata (Linnaeus, 1758) ⁑ —(11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (10º15'45"– 10º14'39"N, 16º55'17"– 16º54'05"W), 224 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB7F222FF76F946FC490D24	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB6F223FF76FF42FB290F37.text	846787B2FFB6F223FF76FF42FB290F37.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Nemertesia antennina (Linnaeus 1758)	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Nemertesia antennina (Linnaeus, 1758) —(10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m (Vervoort 1959: 297). </p>
            <p> Nemertesia freiwaldi Gil, Ramil &amp; Ansín-Agís, 2020 ⁑ —(11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W), 56–58 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Nemertesia irregularis (Quelch, 1885) ⁑ —(11º31'33"N, 17º14'07"W); (11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (11º05'09"– 11º04'15"N, 17º03'15"– 17º03'10"W), 46–47 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º07'45"– 10º07'02"N, 16º34'11"– 16º33'37"W), 223–224 m; (10º14'14"– 10º13'22"N, 16º32'49"– 16º32'44"W), 211–224 m; (10º16'49"– 10º17'29"N, 16º22'15"– 16º22'49"W), 65–70 m; (10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W), 79 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Nemertesia perrieri (Billard, 1901) — (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 256 m; (11º31'N, 17º20'W), 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 86).—(12º03'04"– 12º01'38"N, 17º23'45"– 17º23'34"W), 478–486 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Nemertesia ramosa (Lamarck, 1816) —(10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, (Vervoort 1959: 295, as  N. ramosa var. plumularioides ).—(11º58'N, 17º22'W), 197–219 m; (11º53'N, 17º20'W), 183–263 m; (11º36'N, 17º20'W), 241–439 m; (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 256 m; (11º28'N, 17º29'W), 263–439 m; (11º22'N, 17º21'W), 292 m; (11º39'N, 17º20'W), 131–157 m; (11º31'N, 17º20'W), 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 86).—(11º22'N, 17º21'W)   , 256 m; (11º31'N, 17º20'W), 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 87, as  N. ramosa var. plumularioides ).—(11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W)  , 186–306 m; (11º05'09"– 11º04'15"N, 17º03'15"– 17º03'10"W) , 46–47 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W), 304–308 m; (10º01'42"– 10º02'16"N, 17º00'52"– 17º01'35"W), 419 m; (10º22'44"– 10º23'22"N, 16º15'37"– 16º16'18"W), 29 m; (10º16'49"– 10º17'29"N, 16º22'15"– 16º22'49"W), 65–70 m; (10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W), 79 m; (10º30'53"– 10º31'39"N, 16º31'33"– 16º32'02"W)  , 56–58 m; (10º15'45"– 10º14'39"N, 16º55'17"– 16º54'05"W) , 224 m; (10º57'13"– 10º58'26"N, 16º59'29"– 17º00'29"W), 62 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Nemertesia ventriculiformis (Marktanner-Turneretscher, 1890) ⁑ —(11º29'17"– 11º28'26"N, 17º15'14"– 17º15'14"W), 733–737 m; (11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (11º06'46"– 11º07'39"N, 17º06'23"– 17º06'40"W), 71 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º19'36"– 10º18'44"N, 17º10'29"– 17º10'12"W), 304–308 m; (10º04'52"– 10º04'17"N, 16º34'12"– 16º33'30"W), 277–278 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Plumularia aff. floridana Nutting, 1900 * —(11.049997N, 15.607268W), 1–3 m (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
            <p> Plumularia setacea (Linnaeus, 1758) —(11º31'N, 17º20'W), 142–223 m (Gili et al. 1989: 89).—(11º08'35"– 11º08'27"N, 17º11'31"– 17º10'37"W), 186–306 m; (10º31'12"– 10º30'19"N, 17º12'34"– 17º12'32"W), 300–305 m; (10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W), 24–25 m; (10º19'30"– 10º20'15"N, 16º10'27"– 16º10'59"W), 24 m; (10º18'55"N, 16º25'07"W), 79 m (this study). </p>
            <p> Plumularia aff. Setacea (Linnaeus, 1758) * —(11.28559N, 16.482163W), 1–5 m (Moura et al. 2024). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB6F223FF76FF42FB290F37	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
846787B2FFB6F223FF76FA69FD710C3B.text	846787B2FFB6F223FF76FA69FD710C3B.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Phylactothecidae Stechow 1921	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Family  Phylactothecidae Stechow, 1921</p>
            <p> Hydrodendron mirabile (Hincks, 1866) —(10º40'N, 16º44'W), 65 m; (10º49'N, 16º39'W), 42 m, (Vervoort 1959: 219, as  Ophiodissa caciniformis ).—(10º33'N, 16º24'W)  34 m, (Gili et al. 1989: 81).—(10º18'25"– 10º19'20"N, 16º08'47"– 16º08'47"W) , 24–25 m (this study). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/846787B2FFB6F223FF76FA69FD710C3B	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Gil, Marta;Ramil, Fran	Gil, Marta, Ramil, Fran (2025): Hydroids (Cnidaria, Hydrozoa) from Guinea Bissau. Zootaxa 5577 (1): 1-89, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5577.1.1
