identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
842A5C69143AFF9BFEA5FA02FBC9C44E.text	842A5C69143AFF9BFEA5FA02FBC9C44E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Incasarus Gonzalez, Rasmussen, & Engel 2013	<div><p>Incasarus Gonzalez, Rasmussen, &amp; Engel, new genus</p> <p>ZooBank urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 7F729602-E30A-4A36-8D92-319948C72214</p> <p>TYPE SPECIES: Incasarus garciai Gonzalez, Rasmussen, &amp; Engel, new species.</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS: The new genus can be recognized easily by the following combination of characters: body predominantly dark brown to black with reduced yellow maculations (Figs. 4, 5); forewing with two submarginal cells; propodeum setose; mesoscutum smooth and shiny between fine, contiguous punctures (Fig. 8); dorsal surface of propodeum about as long as metanotum; anterior tentorial pit in epistomal sulcus, below intersection between outer subantennal and epistomal sulci; male seventh tergum strongly projected medially (Fig. 11); fourth sternum with two premarginal combs of thick, simple setae medially (Fig. 12); fifth sternum with long, thick, simple setae medially on premarginal line (Fig. 13); sixth sternum with broad U- or V-shaped midapical emargination (Fig. 14); seventh sternum with apodemes and apical lobes broad, short, attached to a large disc (Fig. 15); and genitalia with gonostylus about as long as gonocoxite, simple, without apical lobes or projections, with long, thick mid-ventral and apical setae, and articulated to gonocoxite (Figs. 18‒20).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION: ♂: Moderate-sized bees (7–8 mm in length); color dark brown to black, nonmetallic, without yellow maculations except on clypeus; integument largely smooth and shiny between punctures, especially on dorsal surface of mesosoma; punctures coarser, denser on head than on meso- and metasoma; pubescence whitish, sparse, longer and denser on head and mesosoma than on metasoma; metasomal terga with distal margins glabrous, narrow; second metasomal tergum with postgradular area as shallow as on remaining terga. Head broader than long, broader than mesosoma; mandible edentate, pointed; labrum with strong ridge bordering glabrous, impunctate, triangular basal area; clypeus more than twice broader than long; supraclypeal area elevated along midline; lower mesal paraocular area distinctly swollen (Fig. 6); anterior tentorial pit in epistomal sulcus, below intersection between outer subantennal and epistomal sulci; antennal toruli about at middle of face; antennal scape unmodified, not surpassing lower tangent of median ocellus in repose; antennal flagellum unmodified, slightly shorter than head width; facial fovea well-marked, ovoid; compound eyes slightly convergent ventrally; lower margin of median ocellus coinciding with upper orbital tangent; vertex gently convex; gena narrower than compound eye in profile, widest medially; labiomaxillary complex of moderate length, not distinctly elongate. Pronotal collar rounded, not carinate; dorsal surface of propodeum gently sloping, areolate. Forewing with pterostigma more than three times longer than broad, slightly wider than prestigma, margin basal to vein r-rs slightly divergent from costa, that within marginal cell straight or nearly so; marginal cell obliquely and broadly truncate at apex, appendiculate, about as long as distance from its apex to wing tip; two submarginal cells, first submarginal cell slightly shorter than second; basal vein gently curved; 1m-cu distal to 2Rs (second free abscissa Rs, or first submarginal crossvein sensu Michener, 2007); 2m-cu basal to 2rs-m (second submarginal crossvein sensu Michener, 2007); jugal lobe about two-thirds length of vannal lobe; hind wing with second abscissa of M+Cu about four times length of cu-a; 8 distal hamuli. Legs unmodified; mesotibial spur about half mesobasitarsal length; outer surfaces of pro- and mesotibia apically with small posterior spine; metabasitibial plate carinate, slightly broader apically, with scattered, semierect, short, stiff setae basally on disc (Fig. 10); metatibia about twice as long as metabasitarsus, with posterior marginal carina weakly toothed basally; keirotrichia on inner surface except on anterior and posterior margins; inner metatibial spur slightly curved at apex, outer spur shorter and more strongly curved at apex than inner; metabasitarsus strongly projecting on posterodistal margin; pretarsal claws cleft, symmetrical or nearly so. Second metasomal tergum with well-marked lateral fovea; seventh tergum without pygidial plate, distal margin strongly projected medially (Fig. 11); fourth sternum with two medial premarginal combs of thick, simple setae (Fig. 12); fifth sternum with long, thick, simple setae medially on premarginal line (Fig. 13); sixth sternum with broad U- or V-shaped midapical emargination (Fig. 14); seventh sternum with apodemes short, apical lobes broad, short, attached to large disc (Fig. 15); eighth sternum longer than broad, midapical projection long, slightly longer than disc (Figs. 16, 17); genital capsule longer than broad, gonobase absent (Figs. 18‒20); gonostylus about as long as gonocoxite, simple, without apical lobes or projections, with long, thick mid-ventral and apical setae, articulated to gonocoxite; volsella simple, not differentiated in digitus and cupis; penis valves simple, short, apices not surpassing basal one-fourth of gonostylar length (measured in ventral view); penis membranous, bilobed, shorter than penis valves.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY: The new genus-group name is a combination of Inca, referring to the pre-Columbian civilization that occupied most of the Andes, and - sarus, a stem commonly used in a number of related panurgine genera. The name is masculine.</p></div> 	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/842A5C69143AFF9BFEA5FA02FBC9C44E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gonzalez, Victor H.;Rasmussen, Claus;Engel, Michael S.	Gonzalez, Victor H., Rasmussen, Claus, Engel, Michael S. (2013): Incasarus garciai, a new genus and species of panurgine bees from the Peruvian Andes (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Journal of Melittology 8: 1-9, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i8.4506
842A5C69143DFF99FED1FE9BFE01C70E.text	842A5C69143DFF99FED1FE9BFE01C70E.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Incasarus garciai Gonzalez, Rasmussen, & Engel 2013	<div><p>Incasarus garciai Gonzalez, Rasmussen, &amp; Engel, new species</p> <p>ZooBank urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3A6BCE1E-6B4C-47D9-A824-EA1AC514FEC0</p> <p>(Figs. 4–20)</p> <p>DIAGNOSIS: In addition to the generic characters, this species is easily recognized by the modified mandible (Fig. 7).</p> <p>DESCRIPTION: ♂: Body length 7.5 mm; forewing length 5.3 mm. Head 1.2 times wider than long; intertorular distance 1.4 times torular diameter, shorter (0.7 times) than torulorbital distance; torulus diameter about as wide as median ocellar diameter; ocellocular distance 2.7 times median ocellar diameter; ocelloccipital distance slightly longer than median ocellar diameter, 0.4 times ocellocular distance; interocellar distance 1.7 times median ocellar diameter, 0.6 times length of ocellocular distance; compound eye 1.8 times longer than broad; clypeus mid-apically slightly depressed, projecting about 0.6 times compound eye width in lateral view; gena 0.7 times narrower than compound eye in profile; scape 2.4 times longer than broad; pedicel about as long as broad, 0.7 times length of first flagellomere; first flagellomere twice as long as broad, 1.3 times longer than second; second flagellomere slightly longer than broad, shorter than third, remaining flagellomeres progressively increasing in length, apical flagellomere longest; malar area linear; mandible with outer ridge strong, forming distinct protuberance about one-third from base (Fig. 7), thus appearing elbow-shaped in dorsal view. Protibial spur with apical portion of rachis long, 0.7 malus length, with distinct row of eight elongate branches (not including apical portion of rachis).</p> <p>Color black, except as follows: mandible, labrum, tegula, and legs dark reddish brown. Wing membranes brownish, veins and pterostigma dark brown.</p> <p>Mandible with tuft of dense, branched setae beneath protuberance formed by outer ridge (Fig. 7).</p> <p>Outer surface of mandible distally and basal area of labrum smooth and shiny, impunctate; clypeus with sparse, faint punctures separated by a puncture width or more, integument between punctures smooth and shiny except basally weakly imbricate; supraclypeal area with small, contiguous punctures; subantennal area and lower paraocular area imbricate with larger punctures than on supraclypeal area separated by a puncture width; lower mesal paraocular area largely impunctate, smooth and shiny; frons and vertex with larger, coarser, contiguous punctures than on supraclypeal area; gena smooth and shining between shallower, larger punctures than on vertex; postgena with scattered punctures, largely smooth and shiny, except weakly imbricate near hypostomal carina. Mesosoma generally smooth and shiny except imbricate on mesepisternum posteriorly, metepisternum and sides of propodeum; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with contiguous, shallower punctures than on vertex; metanotum duller, with coarser punctures than on mesoscutellum; mesepisternum with larger, shallower, sparser punctures than on mesoscutum; metepisternum transversely weakly striate near wing base, otherwise with scattered, small punctures separated by a puncture width; sides of propodeum with large, faint punctures. Metasomal terga largely smooth and shiny except weakly imbricate on seventh tergum; first and second terga with punctures on discs slightly smaller than those on mesoscutum, separated by a puncture width, with finer, contiguous punctures on marginal zones; remaining terga with punctures smaller and sparser on discs except on seventh tergum with large, coarse punctures separated by a puncture width, marginal zones with punctures becoming faint, forming lines, thus becoming weakly lineolate on distal terga; distal margins impunctate, smooth; sterna strongly imbricate with large, scattered, faint punctures.</p> <p>♀: Unknown.</p> <p>HOLOTYPE: ♂; Peru: Ayacucho, 2750 m, 22.xi.71, col. R. Garcia / RG. 532. Deposited in the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru.</p> <p>ETYMOLOGY: The specific epithet is a patronym honoring the late Peruvian Entomologist Renán Julio García Aronés (1936‒1977). García was born in Ayacucho and worked as an entomologist at the Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos in Lima (Lamas, 1979). Following his death, his personal collection of 12,000 insect specimens was donated to the Museo de Historia Natural, previously known as Museo de Historia Natural ‘Javier Prado’ (Rasmussen &amp; Lamas, 2011). Most of the insects collected by García consisted of wasps and bees, and included the unique specimen described herein.</p> <p>COMMENTS: Incasarus garciai was collected 42 years ago around the city of Ayacucho. This city is located in an interandean valley characterized by narrow canyons and a rather warm and dry climate despite being found at a high elevation. No other specimens of I. garciai have been found and nothing is known about the phenology of the bee fauna from this area.</p> </div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/842A5C69143DFF99FED1FE9BFE01C70E	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Gonzalez, Victor H.;Rasmussen, Claus;Engel, Michael S.	Gonzalez, Victor H., Rasmussen, Claus, Engel, Michael S. (2013): Incasarus garciai, a new genus and species of panurgine bees from the Peruvian Andes (Hymenoptera: Andrenidae). Journal of Melittology 8: 1-9, DOI: 10.17161/jom.v0i8.4506
