taxonID	type	description	language	source
AA32261FFF85FFD8C5D27D09A088FFF8.taxon	description	Figures 2 A – K, 6 A – C; Table 1	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF85FFD8C5D27D09A088FFF8.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Mites obtained at St. 5 (Kundu, Antalya), well sorted medium grained sand, interstitial water at 20 cm depth on the seashore near the water, 36.849361, 30.839000, 18 Oct. 2018. Deutonymph and two larvae (FDHAL- 24 / 107), undissected and slide mounted; Deutonymph (FDHAL- 24 / 108), undissected and slide mounted; Quiescent larva (FDHAL- 24 / 109), undissected and slide mounted. Morphology and notes. Deutonymphs. Dorsal and ventral plates covered by foveae. Ds- 1 on AD at 0.5 of its total length. OC spindle shaped. Pair of ds- 2 and ds- 3 on integument between AD and PD, pairs of ds- 4 at 0.3 and ds- 5 at 0.9 of PD length, respectively. PD longer than AD (AD: PD = 0.8) (Figs. 2 A; 6 A). AE with two pairs of setae and a pair of epimeral vesicles near insertion of leg II. PE with one dorsal and three ventral setae. GP large almost quadrangular with a pair of genital acetabula and two pairs of setae (Fig. 2 B). Gnathosoma globular, as long as wide, 68 long (Fig. 2 B). Tibia I long, its base narrow, cylindrical, then rapidly expanding, ending with wide, smooth spine (Fig. 2 C). Leg chaetotaxy from trochanter to tarsus (bipectinated setae between parentheses; solenidia, famulus and pas included) (Figs. 2 C – F); Leg I: 1, 1, 1, 4 (1), 5, 6; Leg II: 1, 1, 2, 4, 5 (2), 6; Leg III: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 (2), 6; Leg IV: 1, 1, 1, 3, 5 (2), 6. Larvae. Dorsal plates smaller than deutonymph. Ds- 1 on AD, ds- 2 to ds- 4 on integument. Ds- 5 on PD (Figs. 2 G; 6 B). AE with two pairs of setae and a pair of epimeral vesicles. PE with only one ventral seta and no dorsal setae. Genital plate absent (Fig. 2 H). Gnathosoma globular, 65 long and 47 wide (Fig. 2 H). Leg chaetotaxy as follows (bipectinated setae between parentheses) (Fig. 2 I – K); Leg I: 1, 2, 5, 5 (1), 6; Leg II: 1, 3, 4, 5 (1), 6; Leg III: 1, 3, 3, 5 (2), 6. There is also one more larva specimen which is quiescent pupal stage (Fig. 6 C).	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF85FFD8C5D27D09A088FFF8.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was described by Morselli (1970) from Italy (Livorno) among sand habitats (4 m and 12 m depths) based on adults, nymphs and larva. Although both adults and juveniles were described in detail, only the adults were illustrated and photographed. The present author was reported adult specimens belonging to this species from sand habitat (3 m depth) from Antalya (in Stamouli et al. 2017) and it constituted the second report of this species. In this study, the author illustrated and photographed deutonymph and larva specimens for the first time (Figs. 2 A – K; 6 A, B). Additionally, a larva specimen in the quiescent pupal stage is presented here (Fig. 6 C). The genus Acaromantis Trouessart & Neumann, 1893 comprises 11 named species of which only two species, A. monnioti Morselli, 1970 and A. squilla Trouessart & Neumann, 1893, are known from the Mediterranean Sea. A. monnioti resembles A. squilla. However, the adults of former species distinguished from the latter by not having ventral lamellae on telofemur-I and tibia-I of A. squilla more conical than A. monnioti (Morselli, 1970). Regarding to the comparison of juveniles of the two species, OC reduced to small oblong subcuticular platelet in A. monnioti both deutonmyph and larva while there is no OC of protonymph stage of A. squilla and telofemura I to III have ventral lamellae in A. squilla while telofemura I to III have not ventral lamellae in A. monnioti according to Bartsch (1973).	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF83FFDBC5D27DBDA167FA4A.taxon	description	Figures 3 A – G, 4 A – E; Table 2	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF83FFDBC5D27DBDA167FA4A.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Holotype. Female (FDHAL- 24 / 106), dissected and slide mounted, St. 3 (Inciralti Beach, Antalya), fine sand, 3 m depth, 36.860011, 30.728750, 6 July 2020.	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF83FFDBC5D27DBDA167FA4A.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The species name nurhayatae is given in grateful dedication to the author’s mother, Nurhayat Durucan.	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF83FFDBC5D27DBDA167FA4A.taxon	description	Description. Measurements presented in Table 2. Female (holotype). AD longer than wide; anterior margin narrowed, posterior margin truncated. ds- 1 and ds- 3 inserted on the AD. AD and PD with intense punctation, their surfaces uniformly foveated throughout (Fig. 4 A'). Canaliculi present in deeper integument layers. Sizes of rosette pores between 5 – 8 on AD. Pair of ds- 1 distinctly posterior to level of insertion of leg I (Figs. 3 A, B; 4 A, B). Setae ds- 2 on striated integument. OC reduced to more or less oval subcuticular platelet (Fig. 4 C). Anterior to OC with seta (ds- 2) on a small subcuticular platelet. PD slightly longer than AD; anterior margin truncate. Pairs of ds- 4 and ds- 5 on PD and slightly posterior to the level of insertions of leg III and IV, respectively. Adanal setae (ds- 6) dorsally on anal cone. Ventral plates evenly punctated and foveate (Figs. 3 B and 4 B); foveae absent posterior to camerostome, in an area representing anterior part of GA and around GO. PE divided into two halves (Fig. 4 B, 4 B "). Anterior PE with a ventral and a dorsal seta. Posterior PE with two long setae. AE and PE foveate throughout. Epimeral vesicles large 30 long, 15 wide (Fig. 3 B). Four pairs of pgs. Subgenital setae lacking (Figs. 3 B, 4 B, 4 B’). Gnathosoma broadly attached to idiosoma (Figs. 3 C, 4 D). One pair of long maxillary setae on gnathosomal base, pair of short setae near apex of rostrum. Gnathosomal base with foveae posterolaterally and posteromedially (Fig. 4 D, 4 D’). Tectum wide, narrowing anteriorly. Rostrum almost conical. Palps attached to gnathosomal base dorsally. Palps short, two segmented, P- 1 17, P- 2 75 long, heavy ventral seta, one slender and three apical setae without protuberance. Leg chaetotaxy, from trochanter to tarsus (bipectinated setae between parentheses; solenidia and famulus excluded, pas included) (Figs. 3 D – G): Leg I, 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6; Leg II, 1, 2, 2, 4, 5 (2), 6; Leg III and IV, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 (2), 5. All telofemora longer than basifemora. Telofemora I, 2.2 longer than high (Figs. 3 D, 4 E). Telofemora with small carinae, telofemora, genua and tibiae with posterior articular lamellae. Tibia I conspicuously long, more than 2.5 times its height. Ventral spine on tibia I with a blunt tip, without proximal swelling (23). Spines on tibiae II – IV bipectinate. Tarsus I short, 75, almost rectangular 1.6 longer than high (Fig. 3 D'). Median claw on tarsus I relatively large, 25. Slender lateral claws on posterior tarsi II to IV with 8 – 10 pectines, with both coarse and slender tines. Tarsi II to IV with large, paired claws and pecten (Figs. 3 E', F'). Male. Unknown	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF83FFDBC5D27DBDA167FA4A.taxon	discussion	Remarks. Acaromantis is closely related to Simognathus. In contrast to Simognathus the palps of Acaromantis are two-segmented and tarsus I bears a single median claw. In general, the two genera can be separated on the basis of the shape of leg I. In Acaromantis, tibia I is widest in its basal third and tarsus I is very short and rotated, whereas in the majority of Simognathus species tibia I is club-shaped (widest in its apical third) and tarsus I distinctly longer than high and ending with a large median and two slender lateral claws (Bartsch, 2006). Acaromantis nurhayatae sp. nov. has two-segmented palps on gnathosoma (Figs. 3 C, 4 D), single seta on telofemur I (Figs. 3 D, 4 E) and lack of paired claws on tarsus I (Fig. 3 D'), the new species is typical representative of Acaromantis. It separated from all other Acaromantis species in having AE and GA fused whereas the PE are separated. There are nine Simognathus species have been described with a ventral shield to date (S. abnormalus Otto, 2000, S. aspidiotus Otto, 2000, S. clypeatus Otto, 2000, S. gibberosus Bartsch, 1994, S. salebrosus Bartsch, 2003, S. scutatus Bartsch, 1993, S. tener Bartsch, 2003, S. tropicalis Chatterjee & de Troch, 2000, and S. uniscutatus Bartsch, 1994 (Bartsch 1993; 1994; Chatterjee & de Troch 2000; Otto 2000; Bartsch 2003). At a first glance, the new species is similar to the other previously known three Simognathus species from Australia; S. scutatus Bartsch, 1993, S. abnormalus Otto, 2000 and S. salebrosus Bartsch, 2003 due to foveate dorsal plates, fused AE and GA, globular shaped gnathosoma and long tibia I. The new species differs from all above-mentioned species by having only one seta on telofemur I, OC reduced to minute plate, and two segmented palps. The new species easily differs from S. scutatus by unconnected PE. In S. scutatus all ventral plates fused to a ventral shield. The OC reduced to elongate oblong sclerites in S. scutatus, telofemur I with 2 setae in S. scutatus and female idiosoma is smaller (303) in S. scutatus vs female idiosoma 430 in the new species. The new species is distinguished from S. abnormalus by having completely foveate area on AD. In S. abnormalus, the AD non-foveate area anterolaterally (Otto 2000). The new species is also distinguished from S. salebrosus by having longer dorsal and ventral setae and longer idiosoma.	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF80FFD5C5D278B0A2BFF9A5.taxon	description	Figures 5 A – I, 6 D, E; Table 3	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF80FFD5C5D278B0A2BFF9A5.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. Protonymph (FDHAL- 24 / 112), undissected and slide mounted, St. 1 (Ayvalik, Balikesir), fine sand with P. oceanica, 5 m, 39.342060, 26.710070, 30 Sept. 2019. Two deutonymphs (FDHAL- 24 / 110, FDHAL- 24 / 111) undissected and slide mounted, St. 5 (Kundu, Antalya), fine sand, 2 m, 36.849361, 30.839000, 22 June 2019. Morphology and notes. Deutonymphs. Dorsal plates uniformly foveate (Fig. 5 A). AD with a transverse hyaline lens at anterior end. Posterior to hyaline lens, area of AD foveate. Dorsal setae small. AD anteriorly truncated, posteriorly rounded., bearing ds- 1. OC triangular, narrowing posteriorly. Pair of ds- 2 to ds- 4 striated in integument. Pair of ds- 5 and ds- 6 on PD. All ventral plates separated and foveated (Fig. 5 B) AE with three pairs of setae and a pair of large epimeral vesicles. Posterior part of AE truncate. PE with a dorsal and three ventral setae. Anterior part of GA truncate. GA with two pairs of gac and one pair of pgs, no sgs (Fig. 5 B') Gnathosomal base foveate. Palps three segmented (Fig. 5 C). Surface of all telofemora foveated. Leg chaetotaxy as follows (bipectinated setae between parentheses) (Figs. 5 D – G); Leg I: 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6; Leg II: 1, 1, 2, 4, 5 (2), 6; Leg III: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 (2), 6; Leg IV: 1, 1, 1, 3, 5 (2), 6. Protonymph. All plates are smaller than deutonymphs (Figs 5 H, I). Number and arrangement of dorsal idiosomatic setae same as in deutonymph. Epimeral vesicles clearly seen (Fig. 5 I). Leg chaetotaxy as follows (bipectinated setae between parentheses); Leg I: 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6; Leg II: 1, 1, 2, 4, 5 (2), 6; Leg III: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 (2), 6; Leg IV: 0, 1 + 2 (basifemur + telofemur), 2, 5 (2), 5.	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF80FFD5C5D278B0A2BFF9A5.taxon	discussion	Remarks. The genus Simognathus Trouessart, 1889 comprises 44 named species of which only two species, S. adriaticus Viets, 1940 and S. leiomerus Trouessart, 1894, are known from the Mediterranean Sea. S. adriaticus was described by Viets (1940) from Croatia (Rovigno) among various macroalgae and other substrates. Later, the species was reported from sublittoral sand habitat from Antalya (in Stamouli et al. 2017). The present author also reported this species on the north of Aegean Sea (Çanakkale, Bozcaada) (Durucan 2021). The species belongs to minutus group. This species group may be recognised by having large, triangular or rounded OC and generally with cornea (Bartsch 1994) and additionally S. adriaticus may recognised by: (1) body uniformly with lightbrownish pigmented, (2) median plate punctate in AE, (3) OC large, triangular, narrowing posteriorly in adults and deutonymphs, but the corners more rounded in protonymphs, (4) knob present on second palpal segment in adults but not observed in deutonymphs and protonmyphs.	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF8DFFD3C5D27EF3A49FFF6C.taxon	description	Figures 7 A – I; 8 A – I; 9 A – H; 10 A – D; Table 4	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF8DFFD3C5D27EF3A49FFF6C.taxon	materials_examined	Material examined. All individuals slide mounted, collected at St. 4 (ErenkuŞ, Antalya), fine sand, 5 – 6 m, 36.865497, 30.724024, 16 June 2021. Female (FDHAL- 24 / 113), dissected, Female and deutonymph (FDHAL- 24 / 114), dissected, Three females (FDHAL- 24 / 115, FDHAL- 24 / 116, FDHAL- 24 / 117), undissected, Three males (FDHAL- 24 / 118, FDHAL- 24 / 119, FDHAL- 24 / 120), undissected, Deutonymph (FDHAL- 24 / 121), undissected, Protonymph (FDHAL- 24 / 122), undissected.	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF8DFFD3C5D27EF3A49FFF6C.taxon	description	Redescription. Measurements presented in Table 4 Morphology and notes. Females. Dorsal and ventral plates well developed and covered by foveae (Fig. 7 A, B; 9 A, B). Integument brown coloured (Fig. 9 A – H) deeper integumental layers with numerous, very delicate canaliculi. Dorsum has six pairs of setae, ds- 1 and ds- 3 on AD. Ds- 2 on anterior end of OC, reduced to a small oblong subcuticular platelet (Fig. 10 C). Pairs of ds- 4 to ds- 6 on PD. Marginal and median AE foveated and with three pairs of setae and a pair of epimeral vesicles which are large and 37 long. PE with a dorsal and three ventral setae. Anterior part of GA truncate. Interval from GO to anterior margin of GA equalling 0.6 times the GO’s length. GA with 4 pairs of pgs but no sgs (Fig. 7 B'). Gnathosomal base almost globular, with three segmented palps (Figs. 7 D, E; 10 B). Second palpal segment with a ventral seta inserted in ventral knob. Tectum triangular. Leg chaetotaxy, from trochanters to tarsus (bipectinated setae between parentheses; solenidia and famulus excluded, pas included) (Figs. 7 F – I); Leg I: 1, 2, 1, 4, 5, 6; Leg II: 1, 2, 2, 4, 5 (2), 6; Leg III, 1, 1, 3, 3, 5 (2), 6; Leg IV, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5 (2), 6. Tarsus I with 3 dorsal setae, dorsolateral solenidion, and a strong spiniform ventral seta and a pair of pas apically. Tarsus I paired claws and pair of long pas. Ventral seta on tibia I tapering; ventromedial seta smooth. Tarsus II with one ventral seta and pair of pas. Paired claws of tarsi II to IV each with accessory process; tarsi II and III with pecten but tarsi IV has no pecten. Lateral claws on Tarsi I and IV smooth, on tarsi II – III with combs of well-developed tines. Males. Male is similar to female except for the genital plate (Fig. 7 C). GO surrounded by 18 pgs. Spermatopositor 62 long, extending slightly beyond the ring of pgs. Three pairs of sgs are present (Fig. 7 C '). Deutonymphs. Dorsal and ventral plates covered by foveate but the plates less developed than adults (Figs. 8 H, I; 9 E, F). Pair of ds- 1 on AD. OC reduced to small oblong subcuticular platelet. Pairs of ds- 2, ds- 3 and ds- 4 in membraneous integument. Ds- 5 and ds- 6 on PD. AE with two pairs of setae. PE with one dorsal and two ventral setae. GP with a single pair of pgs (Fig. 8 I’). Leg chaetotaxy similar to female. Protonymph. Dorsal and ventral plates covered by foveate but the plates less developed than adults (Figs. 8 A – C; 9 G, H). Pair of ds- 1 on AD. OC reduced to small oblong subcuticular platelet. Pairs of ds- 2, ds- 3 and ds- 4 in membraneous integument (Fig. 8 A '). Ds- 5 and ds- 6 on PD. AE with two pairs of setae. PE with one dorsal and two ventral setae. GP much smaller than in female. No setae on genital plate (Fig. 8 B '). Leg chaetotaxy, from trochanter to tarsus (solenidia and famulus excluded, pas included) (Figs. 8 D – G); Leg I: 1, 1, 1, 4, 4, 4; Leg II: 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 4 – 5; Leg III, 1, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5; Leg IV, 0, 2, 3, 4, 4. No pecten on claws.	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
AA32261FFF8DFFD3C5D27EF3A49FFF6C.taxon	discussion	Remarks. This species was described by Trouessart, 1894 from Granville (French Atlantic). Later, the species was reported from Roscoff (French Atlantic) from 7 m depths by Bartsch (1980). Afterwards, the species was found among amphioxus sand habitat (5 m depth) from French Mediterranean by Monniot (1961). With regard to the external morphological characters, our specimens correspond to specimens from Bay of Morlaix (France Atlantic) (Monniot 1961; Bartsch 1980). This is the first report of the species from Türkiye. The species belongs to leiomerus group. This species group may be recognised by lacking corneae, OC reduced, completely or to an elongate sclerite (Bartsch 1994) and additionally S. leiomerus may recognised by: (1) body uniformly coloured, (2) marginal and median AE foveate, (3) AE separated from GA both female and male, (4) no outlying setae in males.	en	Durucan, Furkan (2025): Contributions to the knowledge of the subfamily Simognathinae (Acari: Halacaridae) of Türkiye. Zootaxa 5570 (1): 151-168, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5570.1.7
