taxonID	type	description	language	source
A95CD6282E5F1A1655F2FED8FCE6F812.taxon	description	Figure 1 A – D	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E5F1A1655F2FED8FCE6F812.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype (Fig 1 A, B), male: “ Philippines- Mindanao Island, Davao Oriental, San Isidro Brgy. La Union Sitio Tumalite, Mt. Hamiguitan Wildlife Sanctuary, Camp 3 / 7 - 8 vii, 2016 / leg. PACB DEMG (typed on white card) // HOLOTYPE male / Metapocyrtus hamiguitan sp. nov. / CABRAS, 2024 (typed on red card) ” (PNM 15232). Paratype 1 ♀: same data as the holotype (SMTD).	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E5F1A1655F2FED8FCE6F812.taxon	description	Description. Male. Dimensions: LB: 7.6 mm. LR: 1.5 mm. WR: 1.5 mm. LP: 2.6 mm. WP: 2.8 mm. LE: 5.0 mm. WE: 3.8 mm. N = 1 Coloration. Integument black. Body surface, rostrum, head, legs, and underside with a weak luster. Head covered with subappressed, piliform, and lacriform, blue scales; forehead rugopunctate, and flat; lateral surface below the eye densely covered with appressed, lanceolate, blue scales interspersed with sparse piliform scales of the same color. Eyes medium-sized, feebly convex, and prominent from outline of head. Rostrum separated from the head by a distinct transverse groove, mostly coarsely rugopunctate except apical fourth minutely punctate; as long as wide (LR 1.5 mm; WR 1.5 mm); dorsal surface with subappressed, piliform, bluish scales; lateral sides covered with subappressed and suberect, piliform, bluish scales and appressed, lanceolate, blue scales before antennal scrobe; dorsum with a distinct midline furrow extending until basal third; dorsal contour in lateral view almost flat and subapically gradually declined towards apex, lateral contour in dorsal view narrowed at base and widened anteriorly, widest at apex; dorsolateral margin weakly rounded, and apical surface with white setae. Antennal scape and funicle subequal in length; scape covered with thin, appressed, and light-colored setae, funicle covered with similar but suberect setae. Antennae with segments 1 and 2 subequal in length, three times longer than wide; segments 3 to 7 nearly as long as wide; club sub ellipsoidal, nearly three times longer than wide. Prothorax subglobular, basally and apically subtruncate, slightly wider than long (LP 2.5 mm; WP 2.8 mm), covered with appressed, piliform, bluish scales and sparse, appressed, lacriform, blue scales; coarsely rugopunctate, dorsal contour in lateral view very weakly convex, lateral contour in dorsal view from base to apex uniformly arcuate, widest at middle. Elytra ovate, longer than wide (LE 5.0 mm / WE 3.8 mm), slightly wider and twice longer than prothorax (WE 3.8 mm; WP 2.8 mm; LE 5.0 mm; LP 2.6 mm), body surface coarsely rugopunctate, and covered in uniformly spaced, piliform, bluish scales, and irregularly scattered, appressed, round, blue scales, some clustered together; dorsal contour in lateral view weakly convex with gradual apical declivity, lateral contour in dorsal view uniformly convex, gradually widened from constricted base towards middle, then gradually narrows towards a weakly rounded apex, widest at middle. Legs with moderately clavate femora. Femora black, sparsely covered with subappressed, piliform, bluish scales. Tibiae rugose, weakly serrated along inner margin and covered with long subappressed, white setae. Protibiae and mesotibiae mucronate at apex. Tarsi moderately long with dense and long subappressed setae, mesotarsomere 1, and metatarsomere 1 subequal, longer than protarsomere 1. Tarsomere 1 elongate, and narrowly subtriangular, longer than tarsomere 2; tarsomere 2 short, triangular, and simple without sharp projections at apical corners; tarsomere 3 bilobed, slightly longer than tarsomere 2; tarsomere 5 slightly longer than tarsomere 1; tarsal claws free. Coxae covered with appressed, colored, piliform scales and suberect setae. Mesoventrite covered with suberect, white setae at middle and lacriform and elliptical, blue scales at sides; metaventrite covered with light colored setae, and tesselated pale yellow and light blue scales at sides. Ventrite 1 weakly depressed in the middle, rugose anteriorly, and covered with dense, white setae at middle, and has scaly markings of elliptical, pale yellow and light blue scales at sides. Ventrite 2 with white setae and has similar scaly markings to Ventrite 1. Ventrite 3 – 5 sparsely covered with apressed, white setae. Ventrite 5 flattened, and rugose with white setae. Male genitalia and sternite 9 as shown in Figure 2 A-C. Female. Dimensions: LB: 10.5 mm. LR: 1.5 mm. WR: 1.5 mm. LP: 2.8 mm. WP: 3.4 mm. LE: 6.3 mm. WE: 4.8 mm. N = 1. Habitus as shown in Figure 1 C, D. Females (Figure 1 C, D) differ from males in the following characteristics: a) median furrow of rostrum deeper and wider reaching middle culminating to an almost shallow pit-like depression; b) pronotum wider than long (LP / WP 0.82), and also wider basally, c) elytra longer and wider (LE / WE 1.31, WE / WP 1.4, LE / LP 2.25) than male; d) base of apical declivity with a weak bifid protuberance covered with setae; f) apical declivity abrupt and apex of elytra with semicircular excision; g) Ventrite 1 and 2 convex; h) Ventrite 5 deeply concave. Otherwise, female similar to the male.	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E5F1A1655F2FED8FCE6F812.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Metapocyrtus hamiguitan sp. nov. is closely related to Metapocyrtus poncei Cabras and Medina, 2021 based on the profile of its rostrum, pronotum, elytra and aedeagus but differs for the following characteristics: a) smaller in size and more slender in body, b) more convex eyes, c) rostrum with shorter median furrow not reaching the middle; d) prothorax and elytra covered with piliform, bluish scales and sparse, blue scales instead of the green scales in M. poncei; e) female with abrupt apical declivity and weak bifid protuberance at the base which is absent in M. poncei, and f) apex of elytra with semicircular excision while M. poncei does not have a semicircular excision instead it has two acute black spines; g) differently shaped aedeagus.	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E581A1555F2FE40FC2AF91F.taxon	description	Figure 2 A – B	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E581A1555F2FE40FC2AF91F.taxon	materials_examined	Holotype (Fig 2), female: Philippines – Mindanao Island, Wao, Lanao del Sur / June, 2015 / leg. Local collector (typed on white card) // HOLOTYPE female / Metapocyrtus mranaw sp. nov. / CABRAS, 2024 (typed on red card) (PNM 15234). Paratype 1 ♀: Philippines – Mindanao Island, Wao, Lanao del Sur / August, 2017 / leg. Local collector (typed on white card) (DUBC).	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E581A1555F2FE40FC2AF91F.taxon	description	Description. Female. Dimensions: LB: 8.4 mm. LR: 2.0 mm. WR: 1.4 mm. LP: 3.0 mm. WP: 3.0 mm. LE: 7.3 mm. WE: 5.0 mm. N = 1 Coloration. Integuments black. Body surface, rostrum, head, and underside moderately lustrous with metallic greenish sheen. Body mostly glabrous. Head weakly punctured and rugose on dorsum and with few metallic, round, golden-yellow and turquoise scales, and very few piliform scales near eyes; forehead weakly depressed at middle with distinct median furrow; lateral sides below eyes with appressed, elliptical, pale yellow and light blue scales interspersed with piliform scales. Eyes medium-sized, feebly convex. Rostrum dorsally discontinuous from head by an indistinct transverse basal groove with weak concavity at middle, moderately and uniformly rugose on basal two-thirds, finely punctate on apical third, longer than wide (LR 2.0 mm / WR 1.4 mm), dorsally with subapressed, piliform, white scales and very few, minute, elliptical, blue scales, lateral surface with appressed, piliform, white setae; median furrow distinct and extending a little beyond middle culminating to a very shallow concavity, continuous with that of forehead; dorsum with two weakly paralleled ridge on each side of median furrow; dorsal contour in lateral view nearly flat until anterior two-third then weakly declined towards apex; lateral contour in dorsal view slightly widened at base then gradually narrows towards middle and subparallel towards apex. Antennal scape and funicle of subequal in length, covered with thin, light in color, suberect, and appressed setae. Antennae with segments 1 and 2 subequal in length, three times longer than wide; segments 3 – 5 nearly as long as wide; segments 6 - 7 wider than 3 - 5, club sub-ellipsoidal, nearly three times longer than wide. Prothorax subglobular, basally and apically subtruncate, as long as wide (LP 3.0 mm / WP 3.0 mm), finely punctate and weakly rugose at middle, apical third sparsely and irregularly covered with minute round, and yellow, turquoise, and blue scales which get denser towards lateral sides before coxae; discs with small and almost indistinct dimple like depression on each side; dorsal contour in lateral view nearly flattish, lateral contour in dorsal view weakly arched, widest at middle. Elytra ovate (LE 7.3 mm / WE 5.0 mm), longer than wide, slightly wider, and twice longer than prothorax (WE 5.0 mm / WP 3.0 mm, LE 7.3 mm / LP 3.0 mm); finely and irregularly punctate, with sparse, round, yellow and turquoise scales near lateral margin; dorsal contour in lateral view moderately uniformly convex in profile, with steep subapical declivity, lateral contour in dorsal view moderately and uniformly convex, gradually widens from base to middle, then gradually narrows towards a perfectly subacute apex, widest at middle; apex sparsely covered with white piliform scales. Legs with moderately clavate femora. Femora with appressed, piliform, white scales. Tibiae covered with suberect, piliform, white scales except fore tibiae with short and suberect, piliform, brown scales. Fore tibiae mucronate at the apex and weakly serrate along inner edge. Tarsi moderately long with sparse and long suberect setae, mesotarsus and metatarsus subequal. Protarsomere 1 subquadrate, slightly longer than protarsomere 2; 2 slightly shorter than 3; meso and metatarsomere 1 long and subquadrate, moderately longer than meso and metatarsomere 2; 2 short, triangular and simple without sharp projections at apical corners; tarsomere 3 bilobed, shorter than tarsomere 2; tarsomere 5 subequal with tarsomere 1; tarsal claws free. Coxae with sparse, suberect, elliptical, turquoise scales. Mesoventrite covered with suberect, piliform, light-colored scales. Metaventrite with appressed, light-colored setae and tessellated, round, golden yellow scales on sides. Ventrite 1 slightly convex in general but weakly depressed at middle with dense and appressed long, golden yellow, piliform scales, and sparse, round, light yellow-ochre, and turquoise scales at sides. Ventrite 2 to 5 sparsely covered with suberect and appressed setae. Ventrite 5 almost flat and minutely punctured. Male. Unknown	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E581A1555F2FE40FC2AF91F.taxon	diagnosis	Differential diagnosis. Metapocyrtus mranaw sp. nov. is closely related to Metapocyrtus um Cabras & Van Dam, 2021 but differs for the following: a) transverse groove separating head and rostrum indistinct, b) the color of integuments black with a metallic greenish sheen for head, rostrum, pronotum and elytra, c) pronotum weakly rugose while M. um is punctate, d) pronotum’s apical third with sparse and irregularly scattered minute round yellow, turquoise, and blue scales resembling a band, and e) elytra mostly glabrous except near lateral margin.	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E581A1555F2FE40FC2AF91F.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The name " mranaw " is dedicated to the Mranaw (o) people, the predominant Muslim- Filipino ethnic group native to Lanao Lake in Mindanao Island.	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E581A1555F2FE40FC2AF91F.taxon	distribution	Distribution. The species is known so far from Wao, Lanao del Sur. Given the rarity of this species and its closest congener, the authors assume that this species has a very restricted distribution. Notes on Taxonomy The genus Metapocyrtus is a speciose and complex genus with more than 260 species distributed all over the Philippines, with a few in Taiwan and Japan. Compared to the genus Pachyrhynchus which is monophyletic, Metapocyrtus is not (Van Dam et al., 2023). Currently, the genus still badly needs revision with many ill-defined subgenera, and species with erroneous subgeneric placement, as well as synonymies. It is estimated that hundreds more are awaiting descriptions. A thorough revision of the genus and clear subgeneric delineation are needed. The two new species described in this paper are not assigned any subgeneric placement and simply belong to Metapocyrtus sensu lato while a subgeneric classification is being revised. Metapocyrtus hamiguitan could not be classified under any existing subgenus and is currently known to have only one sister species: Metapocyrtus poncei. Both of these species can be found in Mt. Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary (MHRWS) but with one key distinction: M. poncei has only been collected around the interpretation site at an elevation of 500 - 600 masl in the lower dipterocarp forest, while M. hamiguitan has been collected at Camp 3, around an elevation of 1037 masl. The two species are distinguished from all other Metapocyrtus species based on the unique shape and lateral and dorsal profile and characters of the rostrum, characterized by a subsquarish rostrum, constricted at base that gradually widens towards the apex (Figure 5), subglobular profile of pronotum truncated basally and apically, elytra ovate with a weakly rounded apex as shown in Figure 4 and 5, and the short aedeagus. It is worth noting that both species exhibit distinctive traits in terms of sexual dimorphism, particularly among females. Adult females of M. hamiguitan have a weak bifid protuberance at the beginning of apical declivity and semicircular excision at the apex of the elytra. On the other hand, the females of M. poncei has two pointed spines at the apex of elytra. More species similar to these two could potentially be discovered later, especially with the numerous unexplored mountain ranges in Mindanao. Another remarkable observation is that these Metapocyrtus species have speciated within a single mountain range, despite being separated by only 500 m of elevation. This is the first record of two close congeners that are almost sympatric to be found in one mountain range. The unique habitats in the MHRWS may have provided an environment for this new species to form. Metapocyrtus mranaw is the only known sister species of M. um. These two species belong to a distinctive species group within Metapocyrtus sensu lato, primarily characterized by the unique profile and shape of the rostrum, pronotum, and body as shown in Figure 4 and 5. Only a few type specimens of M. um were collected in Marilog, Davao City. Similarly, M. mranaw is also represented by only two female type specimens. The elytra of the female specimens of M. mranaw and M. um share a common feature of having a steep apical declivity. The authors assume that a similar sexual dimorphism observed in M. um should also be evident in M. mranaw. These two species constitute a distinctive species group, so far found only in central portion of Mindanao. M. mranaw and M. um are characterized by a rostrum wide at the base that gradually narrows towards the middle and are subparallel towards the apex, subglobular pronotum which is basally and apically subtruncate and with sides that is evenly but weakly arcuate, and ovate elytra mostly devoid of elaborate scaly patterns. A checklist of the species currently known and related to:	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E5A1A1555F2F8CAFAFBF7F8.taxon	description	1. M. hamiguitan Cabras, 2024 Type locality: “ Philippines – Mindanao Island, Davao Oriental, San Isidro Brgy La Union Sitio Tumalite, Mt. Hamiguitan Wildlife Sanctuary ”; type depository: PNM. 2. M. poncei Cabras & Medina, 2021 Type locality: “ Philippines – Mindanao Island / San Isidro / Davao Oriental ”; type depository: PNM.	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E541A1E55F2FF0BFE6AFB90.taxon	description	1. M. mranaw Cabras, 2024 Type locality: “ Philippines – Mindanao Island, Wao, Lanao del Sur ”; type depository: PNM. 2. M. um Cabras & Van Dam, 2021 Type locality: “ Philippines – Mindanao Island, Marilog, Davao City / ”; type depository: PNM, CASENT. Brief ecologic notes	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
A95CD6282E541A1E55F2FF0BFE6AFB90.taxon	description	We express our gratitude to the following colleagues: Arvids Barševskis and Anita Rukmane- Bārbale for supporting our visit to Ilgas, Daugavpils, Latvia; Hiraku Yoshitake for the first author’s visit to Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences, NARO, Tsukuba, Japan; Klaus-Dieter Klass and Olaf Jäger for the help during the authors’ visit at Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Dresden, Germany; and Mattias Forshage for accommodating authors’ visit at Swedish Museum of Natural History. We acknowledge the United Nations Environment Program – Global Environment Facility (UNEP-GEP), Centre for Agriculture and Biosciences International (CABI), Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR), and its Biodiversity Management Bureau (BMB) for the funding of fieldwork in Mt. Hamiguitan under the FORIS Project.	en	Cabras, Analyn A., Buenavente, Perry Archival C., Villegas, Jhonnel P. (2024): Two new species of Metapocyrtus Heller from Mindanao Island, Philippines (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae, Pachyrhynchini). Ecologica Montenegrina 73: 125-137, DOI: 10.37828/em.2024.73.13, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.37828/em.2024.73.13
