taxonID	type	description	language	source
BC267014FFE4154DFCA39C1F1FC6FAB7.taxon	description	3.1.1. Acrobeloides arenicola Abolafia and Pena-Santiago ˜, 2002 Fig. 1 A – E and Table 1.	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFE4154DFCA39C1F1FC6FAB7.taxon	materials_examined	3.1.1.1. Material examined. Three females and two males in good state of preservation.	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFE4154DFCA39C1F1FC6FAB7.taxon	description	3.1.1.2. Description 3.1.1.2.1. Adult. Small body (0.53 – 0.65 mm long in females and 0.54 – 0.56 mm long in males). Habitus sigmoid after fixation or almost straight. Cuticle 1 μm thickness, with transverse striations; annuli 1 – 2 μm wide at midbody. Lateral fields 5 – 8 μm wide, occupying 21 – 30 % of midbody diameter, with four alae limited by five longitudinal incisures, extending to the phasmids, appearing less number of incisures after these. Lip region with three pairs of conoid lips, smooth. Primary axils Ushaped lacking guard processes. Secondary axils V-shaped lacking guard processes. Labial probolae three, conoid with elongate apex. Stoma cephaloboid; cheilostom with small elongated rhabdia; gymnostom very short with rhabdia poorly discernible; stegostom muscular with well sclerotized rhabdia. Pharynx cephaloboid; pharyngeal corpus subcylindrical, 3.3 – 4.6 times isthmus length; isthmus more slender; basal bulb ovoid, bearing well developed valves. Cardia more or less hemispherical. Nerve ring at 53 – 68 % of neck length, surrounding the metacorpus – isthmus junction. Excretory pore at 60 – 75 % of neck length, at anterior part of the isthmus level. Deirids at 71 – 85 % of neck length, at level of the isthmus. 3.1.1.2.2. Female. Reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic, located to the right side with respect to the intestine; ovary posteriorly directed, with flexures posterior to vulva; oviduct alveolated; spermatheca well developed, 1.3 – 1.6 times body diam., with visible spermatozoa inside; uterus cylindrical, 2.3 – 2.6 times body diam. long, differentiated in a long distal part with a scarce lumen and thick walls, and a short proximal part with thinner walls and distinct lumen; post-vulval uterine sac small, 1.2 – 1.6 times the corresponding body diam. long; vagina straight, 41 – 60 % of body wide; vulval area sunken, vulva not protruding. Rectum 1.0 – 1.3 times anal body width long, with three rectal glands. Tail conoid, slightly elongate with acute tip. Phasmids at 15 – 25 % of tail length. 3.1.1.2.3. Male. Reproductive system monorchid with testis ventrad flexioned anteriorly. Genital papillae eight pairs, three precloacal and five postcloacal: one anterior lateral, one anterior subventral, one posterior subdorsal and two posterior subventral. Spicules with very elongate manubrium with rounded extreme, ventrad bent, calamus slightly wider than manubrium, lamina almost straight with small dorsal hump and ventral velum, and acute tip. Gubernaculum 0.5 – 0.7 times the spicules length, with ventrad bent manubrium and almost straight corpus. Tail conoid, slightly ventrally curved, with rounded tip. Phasmids located posteriorly, located between the lateral and subventral anterior papillae. 3.1.1.3. Localities and habitats. Species found in two populations: i) Maro-Cerro Gordo (province of M´alaga) and ii) La Manga del Mar Menor (province of Murcia), both in soil with xeric vegetation: Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) C. Koch, Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis, Ephedra fragilis Desf., Frankenia corymbosa Desf., Launaea fragilis (Asso) Pau, Limbarda crithmoides (L.) Dumort., Limonium delicatulum (Girad) Kuntze., Limonium insigne (Coss.) Kuntze, Lycium intricatum Boiss., Lygeum spartum (L.) Kunth., Ononis natrix L., Pallenis maritima (L.) Greuter, Salsola vermiculata L., Suaeda vera Forssk. Ex J. F. Gmel., Thymelaea hirsute (L.) Endl. After this study, the distribution area of the species is expanded, previously only found in Salinas de Cabo de Gata (province of Almería) by Abolafia and Pena-Santiago ˜ (2002). 3.1.2. Acrobeloides nanus (de Man, 1880) Anderson, 1968 Fig. 1 F – I, A-E, Fig. 4 A – D and Table 1.	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFE4154DFCA39C1F1FC6FAB7.taxon	materials_examined	3.1.2.1. Material examined. Ten females in good state of preservation.	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFE4154DFCA39C1F1FC6FAB7.taxon	description	3.1.2.2. Description 3.1.2.2.1. Adult. Small body (0.33 – 0.50 mm long in females). Habitus straight or sigmoid after fixation. Cuticle 1 μm thickness, with transverse striations; annuli 1 – 2 μm wide at midbody. Lateral fields 4 – 5 μm wide, occupying 17 – 28 % of midbody diameter, with four alae limited by five longitudinal incisures, extending to the phasmids, appearing with one or three incisures after these. Lip region with three pairs of conoid lips, smooth. Primary axils U-shaped lacking guard processes. Secondary axils V-shaped lacking guard processes. Labial probolae three, rounded to slightly conoid. Stoma cephaloboid; cheilostom with small rounded rhabdia; gymnostom very short with rhabdia poorly discernible; stegostom muscular with well sclerotized rhabdia. Pharynx cephaloboid; pharyngeal corpus fusiform, 2.7 – 3.9 times isthmus length, with subcylindrical procorpus and swollen metacorpus; isthmus more slender; basal bulb spheroid to ovoid, bearing well developed valves. Cardia more or less hemispherical. Nerve ring at 68 – 78 % of neck length, surrounding isthmus. Excretory pore at 75 – 81 % of neck length, at isthmus level. Deirids at 80 – 93 % of neck length, at level of the posterior part of isthmus. 3.1.2.2.2. Female. Reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic, located to the right side with respect to the intestine; ovary posteriorly directed, with or without flexures posterior to vulva; oviduct alveolated; spermatheca poorly developed, 0.3 – 0.4 times body diam.; uterus cylindrical, 1 - 5 - 2.3 times body diam. long, differentiated in a long distal part with a scarce lumen and thick walls, and a short proximal part with thinner walls and distinct lumen; post-vulval uterine sac reduced, 0.1 – 0.3 times the corresponding body diam. long; vagina straight, 20 – 33 % of body wide; vulva protruding. Rectum 0.8 – 1.1 times anal body width long, with three rectal glands. Tail subcylindrical to conoid with wide or narrow rounded or truncated terminus. Phasmids at 26 – 32 % of tail length. 3.1.2.2.3. Male. Not found. 3.1.2.3. Molecular characterisation. Three sequence of Acrobeloides nanus were obtained: one 18 S rDNA fragment with 946 bp (PQ 002813), and two 28 S rDNA fragments, one with 527 bp (PQ 002811) and other with 622 bp (PQ 002812). For 18 S rDNA, the Spanish sequence of A. nanus show 100 % similarity with other sequences of A. nanus in a fragment in common with 927 bp (AY 284672, DQ 102707, KX 669638) or 795 bp (MF 325109). With respect to other similar species, the Spanish A. nanus show 99.9 % similarity (1 bp differences with KY 119867) and 99.8 % similarity (2 bp differences with AY 284673 and KY 119891) with Acrobeloides apiculatus in a fragment in common with 870 bp; 100 % similarity with Acrobeloides buchneri (MF 325099 and MF 325101) in a fragment in common with 818 bp; 99.9 % (1 bp difference) with Acrobeloides buetschlii (EU 543174) in a fragment in common with 927 bp; 99.8 – 99.9 % (1 or 2 pb differences with EU 543175 and KY 119635) and 99.1 % (8 bp differences with KY 119885, probably with sequencing mistakes) with A. thornei in a fragment in common with 870 bp; and 100 % similarity with A. varius (KX 889085) in a fragment in common with 927 bp. With respect to the 28 S rDNA, the two sequences of A. nanus show 99.2 % (4 bp differences with DQ 903103), 98.9 % (6 bp differences with DQ 903076), 98.7 % (7 bp differences with DQ 903075), 98.5 % (8 bp differences with EF 417139) in a fragment in common with 527 bp, and 98.6 % (7 bp differences with KX 669640) in a fragment in common with 505 bp. With A. buchneri, show 98.7 % similarity (1 difference with MF 325157) in a fragment in common with only 76 bp. With A. buetschlii, 99.2 % (4 bp differences with DQ 903104) and 98.5 % (8 bp differences with DQ 903081) in a fragment in common with 527 bp. With A. ellesmerensis, 98.5 % (8 bp differences with DQ 9145624) in a fragment in common with 527 bp. With A. sexlineatus, show 98.7 % similarity (1 difference with MF 325168) in a fragment in common with only 76 bp. With A. thornei, 98.5 % (8 bp differences with AF 147068 and DQ 903083) in a fragment in common with 523 bp. With A. tricornis, 99.8 % (10 bp differences with MW 667572 and OK 040504) in a fragment in common with 513 bp and 98.7 % (1 bp difference with MF 125309 and MK 541665) in a fragment in common with only 76 bp. With A. uberrinus, 98.5 % (8 bp differences with DQ 903087) in a fragment in common with 527 bp. With A. varius, 98.6 % (7 bp differences with KX 889089) in a fragment in common with 502 bp. On the other hand, with Cephalobus persegnis Bastian, 1865 (DQ 903077) and Cephalobus sp. (KY 750813) shows 98.9 % (6 bp differences) in a fragment in common with 527 bp. 3.1.2.4. Localities and habitats. Species found in Salinas de Cabo de Gata (province of Almería), collected in sand dunes with xeric vegetation: Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) C. Koch, L. fragilis (Asso) Pau, Lotus creticus L., L. intricatum Boiss., Lygeum spartum (L.) Kunth., Ononis natrix L., Onthatus maritimus Hoffmans. and Link, Salsola vermiculata L., Salsola kali L., Suaeda vera Forssk. Ex J. F. Gmel. Also found in olive tree culture (Olea europaea var. europaea L.) in Periana (province of M´alaga). 3.1.3. Acrobeloides tricornis (Thorne, 1925) Thorne, 1937 Fig. 1 J – M, Fig. 2 F-J, Fig. 3, Fig. 4 E – L and Table 1.	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFE4154DFCA39C1F1FC6FAB7.taxon	materials_examined	3.1.3.1. Material examined. Ten females in good state of preservation.	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFE4154DFCA39C1F1FC6FAB7.taxon	description	3.1.3.2. Description 3.1.3.2.1. Adult. Small body (0.31 – 0.37 mm long in females). Habitus straight or sigmoid after fixation. Cuticle 1 μm thickness, with transverse striations; annuli 1 – 2 μm wide at midbody. Lateral fields 5 – 6 μm wide, occupying 25 – 30 % of midbody diameter, with four alae limited by five longitudinal incisures, extending to the phasmids, appearing with two incisures after these. Lip region with three pairs of conoid lips, smooth. Primary axils U-shaped lacking guard processes. Secondary axils V-shaped lacking guard processes. Labial probolae three, short conoid, rarely rounded. Stoma cephaloboid; cheilostom with small rounded rhabdia; gymnostom very short with rhabdia poorly discernible; stegostom muscular with well sclerotized rhabdia. Pharynx cephaloboid; pharyngeal corpus slightly fusiform, 2.7 – 3.2 times isthmus length; isthmus more slender; basal bulb rounded to ovoid, bearing well developed valves. Cardia more or less hemispherical. Nerve ring at 71 – 81 % of neck length, surrounding isthmus. Excretory pore at 80 – 87 % of neck length, at isthmus level. Deirids at 86 – 91 % of neck length, at level of the posterior part of isthmus. 3.1.3.2.2. Female. Reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic, located to the right side with respect to the intestine; ovary posteriorly directed, without flexures posterior to vulva; oviduct alveolated; spermatheca poorly developed, 0.5 – 0.7 times body diam.; uterus cylindrical, 1.0 – 1.4 times body diam. long, differentiated in a long distal part with a scarce lumen and thick walls, and a short proximal part with thinner walls and distinct lumen; post-vulval uterine sac reduced, 0.2 – 0.4 times the corresponding body diam. long; vagina straight, 23 – 30 % of body wide; vulva midventral, slightly protruding. Rectum 1.0 – 1.1 times anal body width long, with three rectal glands. Tail conoid, slightly elongate, with finely rounded terminus or scarcely wider. Phasmids at 35 – 43 % of tail length. 3.1.3.2.3. Male. Not found. 3.1.3.3. Molecular characterisation. Unfortunately, sequences of the Spanish population of A. tricornis were not obtained. However, with respect to other sequences of this species obtained previously, it is very similar to those sequences identified as other species. Thus, the 18 S rDNA sequence of A. tricornis (MK 541681) shows 100 % similarity (AY 284673 and KY 119867) and 99.5 % similarity (2 bp with KY 119891) with A. apiculatus in a fragment in common with 388 bp; 100 % similarity with A. buchneri (MF 325099, MF 325101) in a fragment in common with 342 bp; 100 % similarity with A. buetschlii (EU 543174) in a fragment in commont with 532 bp (with respect to KC 206039, the sequence has numerous discrepances with EU 543174, probably due to sequencing mistakes); 100 % similarity with A. nanus (AY 284672, DQ 102707, KX 669638, MK 541680 in a fragment in common with 524 bp, and MF 325109 in a fragment in common with 313 bp) and 99.7 % similarity (1 bp with PQ 002813 in a fragment in common with 446 bp); 99.6 % similarity (1 bp with EU 543175), 98.7 % similarity (5 bp with KY 119635) and 98.2 % similarity (7 bp with KY 119885) with A. thornei in a fragment in common with 396 bp; 100 % similarity with A. varius (KX 889085) in a fragment in common with 524 bp. Comparing the 28 S rDNA sequences, A. tricornis from Tunisia (MW 667572, MW 667572) in a fragment in common with 289 bp are 100 % identical to A. tricornis from Germany (MK 541665, MF 125309). With respect to other species, A. tricornis from Tunisia shows 98.6 % similarity (7 bp differences with PQ 002811, PQ 002812) with A. nanus from Spain in a fragment in common with 502 bp while it shows 100 % similarity (with KX 669640), 99.9 % similarity (1 bp difference with DQ 903076, EF 417139), 99.7 % similarity (2 bp differences with DQ 903075), 99.3 % similarity (5 bp differences with DQ 903103) with A. nanus from other countries in a fragment in common with 700 bp. Also in a fragment in common with 700 bp, it shows 99.6 % similarity (3 bp differences) with A. buetschlii (DQ 903081, DQ 903104), Acrobeloides ellesmerensis (DQ 145624) and Acrobeloides uberrinus (DQ 903087), 100 % similarity with A. thornei (AF 147068, DQ 903083) and A. varius (KX 889089). In addition, A. tricornis shows 99.9 % similarity (1 bp difference) with Cephalobus persegnis (DQ 903077) and 99.7 % similarity (2 bp differences) with Cephalobus sp. (KY 750813) in a fragment in common with 700 bp. On the other hand, in a fragment in common with 289 bp, A. tricornis from Tunisia and Germany are 100 % identical to A. buchneri (MF 325157) and A. sexlineatus (MF 325168). 3.1.3.4. Localities and habitats. Species found in three populations: i) Maro-Cerro Gordo (province of M´alaga), ii) Algarve (Portugal), and iii) Salobre ˜ na (province of Granada), all of them collected in sand dunes with xeric vegetation: Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) C. Koch, Carduus tenuiflorus Curtis, Ephedra fragilis Desf., Frankenia corymbosa Desf., L. fragilis (Asso) Pau, Limbarda crithmoides (L.) Dumort., Limonium delicatulum (Girad) Kuntze., Limonium insigne (Coss.) Kuntze, Lygeum spartum (L.) Kunth., Ononis natrix L., Pallenis maritima (L.) Greuter, Phragmites mauritianus Kunth., Salsola vermiculata L., Suaeda vera Forssk. Ex J. F. Gmel.	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFED1549FFF59D141E8CFB41.taxon	description	3.2.1. Acrobeloides bodenheimeri (Steiner, 1936) Thorne, 1937 Figs. 5 – 7 and Table 2.	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFED1549FFF59D141E8CFB41.taxon	materials_examined	3.2.1.1. Material examined. Twenty females and twenty males in good state of preservation.	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFED1549FFF59D141E8CFB41.taxon	description	3.2.1.2. Description 3.2.1.2.1. Adult. Small body (0.52 – 0.69 mm long in females and 0.49 – 0.68 mm long in males). Habitus sigmoid after fixation or almost straight. Cuticle 1 – 2 μm thickness, with transverse striations; annuli 2 – 3 μm wide at midbody. Lateral fields 7 – 9 μm wide, occupying 20 – 35 % of midbody diameter, with four alae limited by five longitudinal incisures, extending to the phasmids, appearing only two or three incisures after these. Lip region with three pairs of conoid lips, smooth. Primary axils Ushaped, bearing a seta-like process at each adjacent lip and lacking guard processes. Secondary axils V-shaped, lacking seta-like processes at lip and lacking guard processes. Labial probolae three, rounded with flattened apex. Stoma cephaloboid; cheilostom with rounded rhabdia; gymnostom very short with rhabdia poorly discernible; stegostom muscular with well sclerotized rhabdia. Pharynx cephaloboid; pharyngeal corpus subcylindrical, 3.1 – 5.4 times isthmus length; isthmus very short; basal bulb almost rounded, bearing well developed valves. Cardia more or less hemispherical. Nerve ring at 73 – 84 % of neck length, surrounding metacorpus – isthmus junction. Excretory pore at 76 – 93 % of neck length, at isthmus or basal bulb level. Deirids at 94 – 104 % of neck length, at basal bulb level. 3.2.1.2.2. Female. Reproductive system monodelphic-prodelphic, located to the left side with respect to the intestine; ovary posteriorly directed, with flexures posterior to vulva; oviduct alveolated; spermatheca well developed, 1.4 – 2.5 times body diam.; uterus cylindrical, 3.1 – 5.7 times body diam. long, differentiated in a long distal part with a scarce lumen and thick walls, and a short proximal part with thinner walls and distinct lumen; post-vulval uterine sac well developed, elongate, 1.5 – 2.2 times the corresponding body diam. long; vagina curved and bent to the right side, 37 – 52 % of body wide, with anterior and posterior vaginal glands well developed, spheroid; vulva slightly protruding, located subventral displaced laterally to the right side of body. Rectum 0.9 – 1.7 times anal body width long, with three rectal glands. Tail conoid, with finely rounded or truncate terminus. Phasmids at 41 – 58 % of tail length. 3.2.1.2.3. Male. Reproductive system monorchid with testis ventrad flexioned anteriorly. Genital papillae eight pairs, three precloacal and five postcloacal: one anterior lateral, one anterior subventral, one posterior subdorsal and two posterior subventral. Spicules with elongate manubrium with rounded terminus, ventrad bent, calamus slightly wider than manubrium, lamina almost straight with angular dorsal hump, ventral velum well developed, and acute tip. Gubernaculum 0.5 – 0.6 times the spicules length, with manubrium slightly ventrally curved and almost straight corpus. Tail conoid, slightly ventrally curved, with rounded tip. Phasmids located posterior to the lateral papilla. 3.2.1.3. Remarks. This species is observed with a very constant morphology, appearing some variability at female tail tip (finely rounded to widely round). A new character not observed previously is the position of the vulva, displaced laterally to the right side of body. Other species of the maximus - group appear with this condition, as A. longiuterus (Rashid and Heyns, 1990) Siddiqi et al., 1992 with vulva displaced to the left side (Abolafia and Pena-Santiago ˜, 2017; Shokoohi et al., 2023), while in A. camberenensis (De Ley et al., 1990) Siddiqi et al., 1992 and A. saeedi Siddiqi et al., 1992 is slightly bent to the right side. This character is unknown in A. maximus (Thorne, 1925) Thorne, 1937. 3.2.1.4. Molecular characterisation. Twelve sequences of Acrobeloides bodenheimeri were obtained: nine 18 S rDNA sequences having 890 bp (PQ 002791, PQ 002792), 883 bp (PQ 002797), 881 bp (PQ 002799), 855 bp (PQ 002798), 820 bp (PQ 002794), 819 bp (PQ 002795, PQ 002796) and 816 bp (PQ 002793), and three 28 S rDNA sequences having 718 bp (PQ 002800), 707 bp (PQ 002801) and 614 bp (PQ 002802). For 18 S rDNA, the Spanish sequences of A. bodenheimeri show 100 % similarity in a fragment in common with 823 bp. Compared with other A. bodenheimeri sequences (AF 202159, AF 202162, AF 034391, JF 769009, KC 509904, KY 126434), the Spanish specimens showed 100 % similarity in a segment in common with 816 bp. With respect to the 28 S rDNA, the three sequences of A. bodenheimeri show 99.6 % (2 bp difference with MW 667571 and MW 667573) or 99.8 % similarity (1 bp differences with AF 147064 and DQ 145625) in a fragment in common with 588 bp. 3.2.1.5. Localities and habitats. Species found in Salinas de Cabo de Gata collected in sand dunes with xeric vegetation: Asparagus horridus L., Arthrocnemum macrostachyum (Moric.) C. Koch, Eryngium maritimum L., Juncus acutus L., L. fragilis (Asso) Pau, Limbarda crithmoides (L.) Dumort., Limonium delicatulum (Girad) Kuntze., Lotus creticus L., L. intricatum Boiss., Lygeum spartum (L.) Kunth., Ononis natrix L., Pallenis maritima (L.) Demanian indices (de Man, 1880): a = body length / body diameter; b = body length / pharynx length; c = body length / tail length; c ’ = tail length / anal body diameter; V = (distance from anterior region to vulva / body length) x 100. Greuter, Phragmites mauritianus Kunth., Salicornia europea L., Salsola vermiculata L., Salsola kali L., Sarcocornia fruticosa (L.) A. J. Scott, Suaeda vera Forssk. ex J. F. Gmel., Tamarix canariensis Wild., Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl., Zygophyllum fabago L.	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFF61556FF159F621A70FE0C.taxon	materials_examined	Type species:	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFF61556FF159F621A70FE0C.taxon	description	Paracephalobus arctowskii (Holovachov and Bostrom ¨, 2006) n. comb. = Acrobeloides arctowskii Holovachov and Bostr ¨ om, 2006	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
BC267014FFF61551FCC09E651E74FE4F.taxon	description	The authors thank to University of Ja´en / Caja Rural Ja´en Foundation, Spain, for the financial support received for the research projects entitled “ Filogeografía de nematodos rabdítidos (Nematoda, Rhabditida) en ambientes xerofíticos del sur de la península ib´erica ” (UJA 2014 / 03 / 01), and the Research Support Plans “ PAIUJA 2019 / 2020: EI _ RNM 02 _ 2019 ″, “ PAIUJA 2021 / 2022: EI _ RNM 02 _ 2021 ″ and “ POAIUJA 2023 / 2024: EI _ RNM 02 _ 2023 ″ of the University of Ja´en, Spain. CRediT authorship contribution statement Joaquín Abolafia: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Visualization, Validation, Supervision, Resources, Project administration, Methodology, Investigation, Funding acquisition, Formal analysis, Data curation, Conceptualization. María-Cristina Robles: Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Methodology, Investigation. Alba N. Ruiz-Cuenca: Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Methodology, Investigation.	en	Abolafia, Joaquín, Robles, María-Cristina, Ruiz-Cuenca, Alba N. (2024): Characterisation of four species of the genus Acrobeloides Cobb, 1924 (Rhabditida, Cephalobidae) from xeric areas in Spain, with revision of the genus and restoration of Paracephalobus Akhtar, 1962. Zoologischer Anzeiger 312: 47-68, DOI: 10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006, URL: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcz.2024.07.006
