identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
CF2987FFFFEFFFDCFF758F2CFBB76961.text	CF2987FFFFEFFFDCFF758F2CFBB76961.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Entomobryoides gruati Mehrafrooz Mayvan & Kovac 2025	<div><p>Entomobryoides gruati Mehrafrooz Mayvan &amp; Kováč sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 1D, 2–5, Table 1)</p><p>Type locality. TURKMENISTAN, Lebap Province, Koytendag District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.48676&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.85859" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.48676/lat 37.85859)">v. Gurshun Magdanly (=Svintsovyi rudnik), Kattakamov Cave</a>, Coordinates: 37°51'30.92"N, 66°29'12.37"E, 1240 m a.s.l.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: female on slide [KaEn101Tu], dark zone, hand collecting on rotten wood, 18.v.2023, leg. J. Lips . Paratype: 13 specimens on slides [KaEn102Tu- KaEn114Tu], ibidem, 18.v.2023, 18.iv.2024 and 20.iv.2024, leg. J. Lips . Holotype and paratypes deposited in CoPJSU.</p><p>Description. Body length (excluding antennae) 2.48 mm (n=14), up to 2.8 mm in holotype. Ground colour pale brown, antennae with bluish pigment, dorsal side of head paler in lateral parts than the body; coxa pale brown but other part of legs pale blue; eye spots black.</p><p>Head. Eight eyes, GH smaller in size to EF (Fig. 2A). Antenna longer than head, without apical bulb and scales. Antennae 1.71 times the length of the head, relative length of Ant I:II:III:IV in holotype as 1:2.67:2.25:3.60; Ant IV without apical vesicle (as characteristic remark for the genus), and pin seta bifurcate (Fig. 2B); subapical organite small and rod-shape, accompanied with a small sensillum only a little bigger; Ant III with sensory organ formed by 2 long-ovoidal sensilla and 4 additional guards sensilla (Fig. 2C); Labrum with 4 smooth prelabral setae and 3 rows of 5, 5 and 4 smooth setae; labral papillae very small, with a minute terminal projection (Fig. 4B). Maxillary palp with 1 apical appendage and 1 subapical seta, with three sublobal hairs (Fig. 4C). Head ventrally with 7 anterior smooth setae and other setae ciliated, setal pattern as in figure 2D. Labium setal pattern formed by 5 smooth setae (a 1 –a 5) in anterior row; basal row with 7 smooth setae as m 1, m 2, r 1, r 2 e, l 1 and l 2 (Fig. 3C) with m 2, r 1 and r 2 somewhat smaller than other setae. Labial palp as in figure 3B, with 5 main papillae (A–E) with 0, 5, 0, 4, 4 guard setae respectively; lateral process (l.p.) of labial papilla E surpassing their papilla apex. Right mandible with 4 teeth and left mandible with 5 teeth.</p><p>Body. Abd IV:III length ratio in holotype = 4. Trochanteral organ with approximately 29–33 setae (Fig. 4D). Tibiotarsus not sub-segmented, with a double row of apressed ciliated setae on all tibiotarsi. Claw (Fig. 5B) with 4 inner teeth: paired at 50–54% (one of them larger and forward), first unpaired at 70% from basis, and the last one closer than 90%; dorsal teeth present and at the level of lateral teeth. Empodium lanceolate, with serrated external lamella. Tenent hair is clavate, similar in length to the claw. Length of manubrium and dens in holotype as 0.47 and 0.52 mm, respectively. Manubrial plate with 5 setae and 2 pseudopores (Fig. 4E). Mucro with apical tooth slightly larger than subapical one, mucronal spine reaching the tip of the subapical tooth; not crenulated dental area about 2 times of the length of mucro (Fig. 5C). Simplified Mc formula: 4-1-0-3-1/4-7/2-4/0-2-1/0-2-1-2-2.</p><p>Chaetotaxy of head. Setal pattern of dorsal side of head as in figure 2A. H1 area with 3 Mc (An 2, An 3a1, and An 3 and an additional seta); H2 area with one Mc (A 5); H4 area with 3 Mc (S 1, S 3, and S 4i); H4’ area with 3 Mc (S 4, S 5, and S 5i); H5 area only with Ps2 Mc.</p><p>Chaetotaxy of mesothorax. Dorsal setal pattern as in figure 3A. Area T1 with 4 Mc (m 1, m 2, m 2i and m 2i2); T2 with 7 Mc (a 5, m 4, m 4i, m 4p, m 4pi, m 4pe, and m 5).</p><p>Chaetotaxy of abdomen. Dorsal setal pattern as in figure 4A &amp; 5A. Abd I with 7 Mc, and with sensilla acc in two different positions, Abd II area A1 with 2 Mc (a 2 and a 3), area A2 with 4 Mc (m3, m3ep, m3e, and m3ea); setae ‘as’ and ‘acc’ present; Abd III with Mc on A3 absent, area A4 with 2 Mc (a 2 and a 3) and one Mc on A5 (m 3), ‘acc’ between m 6 and p 6, ‘ms’ interior; Abd IV with Mc on A6 area absent, 2 Mc on A7 (A 3 and B 3), A8 with one Mc (B 4), 2 Mc on A9 (B 5 and A 5), A10 with two Mc (A 6 and B 6); sensillar formula as 2,2/2,2,2,12–13,3; microsensillar formula: 1,0/1,0,1.</p><p>Etymology. The species is dedicated to Jean-Pierre Gruat, who played a major role in organizing the biospeleological expeditions to Turkmenistan. His continuous enthusiasm, time, and efforts were crucial in making these explorations possible.</p><p>Affinity to subterranean habitats. Specimens of E. gruati sp. nov. were found to inhabit a dark zone of the Kattakamov Cave that represents in fact a complex of interconnected mining galleries artificially created in several levels inside the karst massif. The new species has full set of dark pigmented eyes, reduced body pigment and does not show any clearly troglomorphic character. Thus, it could be assigned to category of eutroglophiles, i.e. animals not strictly associated with subterranean habitats, but able to reproduce there.</p><p>Remarks. So far, 12 species of the genus Entomobryoides have been described worldwide (Bellinger et al. 1996 –2025). In terms of dorsal macrochaetotaxy, the new species shows its closest resemblance to E. dagestanicus Jordana &amp; Baquero, 2021, E. guthriei (Mills, 1931) and E. kalakaua Carpenter, 1904 . Among these species, E. kalakaua differs from the E. gruati sp. nov. by 3 Mc in the H1 and 2 Mc in the H5 areas on dorsal side of head, whereas the new species has 4 Mc in H1 and only a single Mc (Ps2) in H5 tergite area. Entomobryoides guthriei can be distinguished from the new species by 2 Mc in H5 area, whereas the new species has only 1 Mc in this area. In addition, E. guthriei shows 4 Mc in the T2 area of Th II, while the new species has 7 Mc in the same area. Moreover, in E. guthriei, Mc in the A9 area of Abd IV are absent, in contrast to the new species, which has 2 Mc in this area (A 5 and B 5). Also, E. dagestanicus differs from the E. gruati sp. nov. in 7 Mc in the T2 area of Th II, while the new species has 6 Mc there. In the A8 and A9 areas of Abd IV, E. dagestanicus has 2 (A 4 and B 4) and 1 (B 5) Mc, respectively, whereas the new species has 1 (B 4) and 2 (A 5 and B 5) Mc in these areas.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF2987FFFFEFFFDCFF758F2CFBB76961	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz;Lips, Josiane;Kováč, Ľubomír	Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Lips, Josiane, Kováč, Ľubomír (2025): Two new cavernicolous species of Entomobryidae (Collembola) from Turkmenistan, Central Asia. Zootaxa 5701 (4): 447-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.4.3
CF2987FFFFEBFFD5FF7588A3FEC26FB0.text	CF2987FFFFEBFFD5FF7588A3FEC26FB0.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Drepanura koytendagi Mehrafrooz Mayvan & Kovac 2025	<div><p>Drepanura koytendagi Mehrafrooz Mayvan &amp; Kováč sp. nov.</p><p>(Figs 6D, 9–12, Table 2)</p><p>Type locality. TURKMENISTAN, Lebap Province, Koytendag District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.4016&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.64316" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.4016/lat 37.64316)">v. Gurshun Magdanly (=Svintsovyi rudnik), Promezhutochnaya Cave</a>, Coordinates: 37°38'35.37"N, 66°24'5.76"E, 670 m a.s.l.</p><p>Type material. Holotype: female on slide [PrDr115Tu], dark zone, hand collecting on bat guano, 18.v.2023, leg. J. Lips . Paratype: 10 specimens on slides [PrDr116Tu- PrDr125Tu], ibidem, 15.v.2023, leg. J. Lips . Holotype and paratypes deposited in CoPJSU.</p><p>Additional material. TURKMENISTAN, Lebap Province, Koytendag District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.41045&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.8281" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.41045/lat 37.8281)">v. Gurshun Magdanly (=Svintsovyi rudnik), Kaptarkhana (Kaptarhana) Cave</a>, Coordinates: 37°49'41.16"N, 66°24'37.62"E, 620 m a.s.l, 3 specimens on slides [KaDr126Tu- KaDr128Tu], dark zone, hand collecting, 16.v.2023, leg. J. Lips (CoPJSU) .</p><p>TURKMENISTAN, Lebap Province, Koytendag District, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=66.40806&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=37.64157" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 66.40806/lat 37.64157)">v. Gurshun Magdanly (=Svintsovyi rudnik), Gap-Gotan (Kap Kutan) Cave</a>, Coordinates: 37°38'29.65"N, 66°24'29.01"E, 740 m a.s.l, 3 specimens on slides [GADr129Tu- GaDr131Tu], dark zone, hand collecting, 10.v.2023, leg. J. Lips (CoPJSU) .</p><p>Description. Body length (excluding antennae) 4.7 mm (n=17), up to 5 mm in Holotype. Ground colour white, antennae pale blue, and eye spots dark.</p><p>Head. Eight eyes, GH smaller in size to EF (Fig. 9B), G smaller than H and barely visible with a light microscope. Antennae longer than head, without scales. Antennae 2.92 times the length of the head, relative length of Ant I:II: III:IV in holotype as 1:3.3:0.93:0.8; Ant IV with apical vesicle; Ant III with sensory organ formed by 2 long-ovoidal sensilla and 3 additional guards sensilla (Fig. 9D); Labrum with 4 ciliated prelabral setae and 3 rows of 5, 5 and 4 smooth setae; subapical labral papillae 4, each with 7 secondaries apical spinules (Fig. 10B). Head ventrally with smooth setae. Labium setal pattern formed by 5 smooth setae (a 1 –a 5) in anterior row; basal row with 5 ciliated setae M 1, R 1, E, L 1, L 2 (Fig. 10C). Labial palp as in figure 11B, with 5 main papillae (A–E) with 0, 5, 0, 4, 3 guard setae respectively; papilla E conspicuously loop-shaped, deviating from the typical linear form; all guard setae of labial papilla finely ciliated except guard seta b 2 on papilla B smooth. Right mandible with 4 teeth and left mandible with 5 teeth.</p><p>......continued on the next page</p><p>Body. Abd IV:III length ratio in holotype = 3.35. Trochanteral organ with approximately 23–26 setae (Fig. 9E). Tibiotarsus not sub-segmented. Claw (Fig. 12B) with 4 inner teeth: paired at 77–79%, first unpaired at 80–83% from basis, and the last one closer than 94%; dorsal teeth present and located at the level of lateral teeth. Empodium lanceolate, with serrated external lamella. Tenent hair is clavate, half of the length of the claw. Length of manubrium and dens in holotype as 0.71 and 0.86 mm, respectively. Manubrial plate with 6 setae and 2 pseudopores (Fig. 11C). Mucro falcate with mucronal spine; area not crenulated of dens about 1.8 times the length of mucro (Fig. 12C). Simplified Mc formula: 4-1-0-2-2/3-2/2-4/0-2-1/0-2-2-2-3.</p><p>Chaetotaxy of head. Setal pattern of dorsal head as in figure 9A. H1 area with 4 Mc (An 2, An 3a1, An 3a2, and An 3); H2 area with one Mc (A 5); H4 area with 2 Mc (S 3 and S 4i); H4’ area with 3 Mc (S 4, S 5, and S 5i); H5 area with 2 Mc (Ps2 and Ps5).</p><p>Chaetotaxy of mesothorax. Dorsal setal pattern as in figure 10A. Area T1 with 3 Mc (m 1, m 2, and m 2i); T2 with 2 Mc (a 5 and m 5).</p><p>Chaetotaxy of abdomen. Dorsal setal pattern as in figure 11A &amp; 12A. Abd I with 10 Mc (A 1, A 2, A 3, A 5, m 2i, m 2, m 3, m 4p, m 4, and m 5), Abd II area A1 with 2 Mc (a 2 and a 3), area A2 with 4 Mc (m 3, m 3ep, m 3e, and m 3ea); Abd III without Mc on A3, area A4 with 2 Mc (a 2 and a 3) and one Mc on A5 (m 3), ‘acc’ between pm6 and p 6, ‘ms’ interior; Abd IV without Mc on A6 area, A7 with 2 Mc (A 3 and B 3), A8 with 2 Mc (A 4 and B 4), A9 with 2 Mc (B 5 and A 5), A10 with 3 Mc (A 6, Ae7 and B 6).</p><p>Etymology. The new species of the genus Drepanura is named after the Koytendag Mountains, a mountain range in the eastern Turkmenistan, where its locus typicus – Promezhutochnaya Cave — is situated.</p><p>Affinity to subterranean habitats. Specimens of D. koytendagi sp. nov. were collected in a dark zone of the Gap-Gotan–Promezhutochnaya cave system and Kaptarkhana gypsum cave. Part of the specimens were collected on bat guano, showing its affinity to this substrate. The new species is characteristic with relatively long antennae (three times longer than head), that can be considered as indication of troglomorphy. In addition, eye G is markedly diminished compared to other eyes, thus barely visible in a light microscope, showing a tendency to eye reduction not observed in other congeners. Regarding development of body pigmentation, the pigment is absent, except antennae that are pale blue. Based on the observed character states, the new species of Drepanura could be assigned to the category of troglobionts.</p><p>Remarks. Among 30 species of the genus described to date (Bellinger et al. 1996 –2025), D. koytendagi sp. nov. shows the closest similarity in dorsal setal pattern to D. quadrilineata Stebaeva, 1973 and D. sexmaculata (Stach, 1963) . The new species differs from D. quadrilineata in number of Mc on H1 area: D. quadrilineata has 3 Mc, while the new species has 4. In H4 area, D. quadrilineata has 4 Mc, while the new species has 2 Mc. Furthermore, D. quadrilineata has 3 Mc in T1 area on Th II and 5 Mc in T2 area, whereas the new species has 4 Mc in T1 and 7 in T2 areas. Additionally, the manubrial plate of D. quadrilineata contains 5 ciliated setae, whereas the new species has 6 ciliated setae. Drepanura sexmaculata differs from the new species in number of macrosetae on head: 4 Mc in H4 area, whereas the D. koytendagi sp. nov. has only 2 Mc there. Moreover, it differs from the new species in number of macrosetae on Th II: 3 and 5 Mc in areas T1 and T2, respectively, while there are 4 and 7 Mc, respectively, in the new species. In addition, it possesses 5 ciliated setae on the manubrial plate, compared to 6 ciliated setae in the new species.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CF2987FFFFEBFFD5FF7588A3FEC26FB0	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		MagnoliaPress via Plazi	Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz;Lips, Josiane;Kováč, Ľubomír	Mayvan, Mahmood Mehrafrooz, Lips, Josiane, Kováč, Ľubomír (2025): Two new cavernicolous species of Entomobryidae (Collembola) from Turkmenistan, Central Asia. Zootaxa 5701 (4): 447-464, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5701.4.3, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5701.4.3
