identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
C2F11D9FB50750938FEC68BD00BEA2A3.text	C2F11D9FB50750938FEC68BD00BEA2A3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Apterosoma Motschulsky 1861	<div><p>Subgenus Apterosoma Motschulsky, 1861</p><p>Apterosoma Motschulsky, 1861: 23 [type species: Apterosoma angusticollis Motschulsky, by monotypy].</p><p>Caudatochrysa Bechyné, 1950: 149 [type species: Apterosoma angusticollis Motschulsky]; Bieńkowski (2001) synonymized with Apterosoma .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/C2F11D9FB50750938FEC68BD00BEA2A3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Takemoto, Takuya;Bieńkowski, Andrzej O.;Saitoh, Satoru	Takemoto, Takuya, Bieńkowski, Andrzej O., Saitoh, Satoru (2025): On the type specimens of representatives of the subgenus Apterosoma Motschulsky, 1861 of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1861 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). ZooKeys 1252: 97-110, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1252.146087
0C1A39B509A75F0DA92AC68CC95A10D4.text	0C1A39B509A75F0DA92AC68CC95A10D4.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysolina aino Takizawa 1970	<div><p>Chrysolina aino Takizawa, 1970</p><p>Figs 3 K – M, 5, 6</p><p>Chrysolina aino Takizawa, 1970: 117 (Japan: Hokkaido, Sapporo, Hoheikyo, holotype and paratypes in SEHU).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (SEHU), Sapporo / Hokkaido / 17.VIII.1966 / H. Takizawa / Hoheikyo, leg. T. Kocha (typed on the back of the label) // Holo-type / Chrysolina ainu / Takizawa [typed on a red card] // HOLOTYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2006 // 000000261 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] .</p><p>Measurements of holotype. HW 2.33 mm; PEL 7.80 mm; EL 5.99 mm; EW 4.85 mm; APW 2.63 mm; PL 2.25 mm; MPW 3.73 mm; PPW 3.42 mm.</p><p>Paratypes, Japan. Hokkaido: • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Sapporo / 4.IX.1965 / H. Takizawa / Zyozankei (typed on the back of the label) // Paratype / Chrysolina ainu / Takizawa [typed on a pink card] ; • 8 ♂ (SEHU), Sapporo / 10.VII.1966 / H. Takizawa / Hoheikyo, leg. T. Kocha (typed on the back of the label) // Paratype / Chrysolina ainu / Takizawa [typed on pink card] // 0000002428 – 0000002435 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 ; • 2 ♀ (SEHU), same labels but 17.VIII.1966 and 0000002421, 0000002422; • 1 ♂ (SEHU), Nukabira / 17.VI.1966 / H. Takizawa // Paratype / Chrysolina ainu / Takizawa // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 // 0000002423 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] ; • 1 ♀ (SEHU), same labels but collected from Sapporo and 0000002424; • 1 ♂ (SEHU), Sapporo / 9.VI.1966 / H. Takizawa / Hoheikyo (typed on the back of the label) // Paratype / Chrysolina ainu / Takizawa [typed on a pink card] // 0000002425 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA ; • 1 ♂ (SEHU), same labels but 18.VIII.1966 and 0000002426; • 1 ♂ (SEHU), Sapporo / Hokkaido / 4.IX.1965 / H. Takizawa / Zenibako-toge (typed on the back of the label) // Paratype / Chrysolina ainu / Takizawa [typed on pink card] // 0000002427 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 ; • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Sapporo / 24.VIII.1966 / H. Takizawa / Mt. Sora-numa (typed on the back of the label) // Paratype [typed on a blue card] // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 // 0000003028 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] ; • 1 ♂ (SEHU), same labels but 7.VII.1965 and 0000003030; • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Sapporo / 8.VI.1966 / H. Takizawa / Hoheikyo (typed on the back of the label) // Paratype [typed on a blue card] // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 // 0000003029 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] ; • 1 ♂, 3 ♀ (SEHU), Sapporo / 14.VII.1965 / H. Takizawa / Zyozankei (typed on the back of the label) // Paratype [typed on a blue card] // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 // 0000003031 – 3033, 0000003038 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] ; • 1 ♀ (SEHU), same labels but 3.VIII.1965 and 0000003039; • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (SEHU), Sapporo / 10.VII.1966 / H. Takizawa / Hokeikyo (typed on the back of the label) // Paratype [typed on a blue card] // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 // 0000003040, 0000003041 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] ; • 2 ♂ (SEHU), Sapporo / 30.VI.1966 / H. Takizawa / Mt. Moiwa (typed on the back of the label) // Paratype [typed on a blue card] // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 // 0000003042, 0000003043 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] ; • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Sapporo / 19.VII.1965 / H. Takizawa / Zenibako-toge (typed on the back of the label) // Paratype [typed on a blue card] // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 // 0000003044 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] ; • 1 ♂ (SEHU), same labels but 7.VII.1965 and 0000003045 .</p><p>Other material examined.</p><p>Japan. Hokkaido: • 1 ♂ (SEHU), Soranuma-dake, VI.1977, emergence (Bred.), NR. 458., TT 0000338 ; • 1 ♂ (SEHU), Tokachi, Nukabira, 11 - VII. 1961, I. Miyagi leg., TT 0000346 ; • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Nukabira, 3 - VIII. 1949, C. Watanabe leg. (typed on the back of the label), TT 0000347 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Japan: Hokkaido.</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>As mentioned above, at present, Ch. aino is treated as Morphological group EII and EIII: Unit EII- 1, EII- 2, EIII- 1 and EIII- 2. Considering the distribution range, two paratype specimens collected at “ Mt. Sora-numa ” (0000003028, 0000003030) ought to be considered Unit EII- 2, but after checking external traits, they were found to be Unit EIII- 1. Both holotype and paratype correspond to Unit EIII- 1, but one of the paratypes, (0000002423) collected in Nukabira has different hind wings and median lobe of the male genitalia. Nukadaira is located in the northern part of the Tokachi region of Hokkaido, and Unit F ( Ch. porosirensis) is distributed here. However, this paratype differs from Unit F in external traits such as the shape of the median lobe and hind wings. The apex of the median lobe of this paratype gradual expands toward the apex in dorsal view (Fig. 5 C, D), the hind wing is remarkably degenerated and furnished with four veins (Fig. 3 J). The pronotum is greenish blue with a sheen and the elytron is yellowish orange with a sheen (Fig. 4 C). These features are similar to Unit EII- 2 distributed from the southern area of Ishikari District to the western part of Iburi District. Since it is unlikely that this unit has an exclave distribution, we suspected that it was mislabeled. However, we found two other specimens (TT 0000346, 347) collected at Nukabira on different dates by different collectors that are very similar to this paratype. This indicates that the label of the paratype is not mistyped and there is a possibility that Unit EII- 2 or another similar unit is distributed in Nukabira, but the number of specimens is too small to properly characterize the identity these populations.</p><p>All type labels of this species are mistyped as Chrysolina “ ainu ”, instead of Chrysolina aino . In the original description, the species epithet was given as “ aino ”, and subsequent literature has consistently used this spelling. Upon inquiry, Dr Takizawa, the author of the original description, confirmed that the spelling “ ainu ” found on the type labels was a handwritten mistake, and that Chrysolina aino is the correct and valid name.</p><p>In Bieńkowski (2007), Ch. aino is recorded from Korea for the first time, but this record is excluded here because it is not an appropriate distribution assuming that Ch. aino is treated as Morphological group EII and EIII: EII- 1, EII- 2, EIII- 1 and EIII- 2, as indicated above.</p><p>According to Bieńkowski (2001), there are two specimens collected from Honshu, Kobe as “ Additional specimens ”. From examining them, the habitus and genitalia agree with Unit C- 1. This record, as well as the record of Ch. angusticollis from Yokohama, need to be re-examined because no other records or other specimens have been found, and we will refrain from recording it here as a distribution.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0C1A39B509A75F0DA92AC68CC95A10D4	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Takemoto, Takuya;Bieńkowski, Andrzej O.;Saitoh, Satoru	Takemoto, Takuya, Bieńkowski, Andrzej O., Saitoh, Satoru (2025): On the type specimens of representatives of the subgenus Apterosoma Motschulsky, 1861 of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1861 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). ZooKeys 1252: 97-110, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1252.146087
83B50CA025D2573297E0D7319F3E7408.text	83B50CA025D2573297E0D7319F3E7408.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysolina angusticollis (Motschulsky 1861)	<div><p>Chrysolina angusticollis (Motschulsky, 1861)</p><p>Figs 2, 3 A – J, 4</p><p>Apterosoma angusticollis Motschulsky, 1861: 23 (Japan, syntype in ZMMU).</p><p>Chrysomela japana Baly, 1874: 171 (Hakodadi, Japan, syntypes in BMNH).</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Syntype • 1 ♀ (ZMMU), [Yellow card with no text] // Type // Apterosoma / angusticollis / Motch / Japan. [typed on a yellow card] .</p><p>Measurements of syntype.</p><p>HW 2.53 mm; PEL 8.76 mm; EL 6.86 mm; EW 5.70 mm; APW 2.74 mm; MPW 3.91 mm; PPW 3.69 mm; PL 2.43 mm.</p><p>Additional material examined.</p><p>Japan. Hokkaido: • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Mt. Yokotsu, Mt. Eboshi, near Hakodate, 19.IX.1959, K. Munakata leg., MUNAKATA Coll., SEHU JAPAN, 2019, TT 0000350 ; • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Osima, Penins., Sengen-dake; 4–6.IX.1970, M. Suwa leg., TT 0000348 ; • 2 ♀ (SEHU), Hakodate, Hakodate-yama, 20.VII.2015, H. Takizawa leg., H. Takizawa Coll., SEHU JAPAN, 2012 [typed on a green card], TT 0000336, 337 ; Aomori Pref.: • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Zyuniko, 22.VI.1970, A. Abe leg, TT 0000335 ; • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Shitsukari, Higashi-dôri vill., 13.VI.2003, Satoshi Araki leg., TT 0000349 .</p><p>Distribution</p><p>(of Ch. angusticollis treated as Morphological group A, B and C: Unit A- 1, A- 2, B- 1, B- 2, C- 1, C- 2 and C- 3). Japan: Hokkaido, Honshu (Aomori Pref.).</p><p>Remarks.</p><p>Ch. angusticollis is most likely described from a monotype of a female. Species of subgenus Apterosoma are difficult to identify from external traits, and since the syntype is a single female, it is difficult to determine which units in the Ch. angusticollis species complex in northern Japan can be assigned to the name “ Ch. angusticollis ”. Each unit can be identified by their male genitalia, hind wings, distribution area and in some cases, coloration, elytral punctation, and body size. Males of most units can be reliably identified by the median lobes of their genitalia, while females can only be identified by the shape of their hind wings.</p><p>Therefore, we attempted to identify them through the following two methods:</p><p>Estimation based on type locality: As we mentioned above, Motschulsky (1861) recorded only “ JAPAN ” as the type locality in the original description, but according to Savitsky (2020), the species described by Motschulsky (1861), including Ch. angusticollis, were collected in the environs of Hakodate city (Oshima Dist., in the south of Hokkaido Isl.), or in the northern part of Honshu Isl. between Tokyo city and Tsugaru Strait by Mrs E. S. Goshkevitch in 1858 or earlier. The units distributed in the above-mentioned area are Unit B- 1, Unit C- 1 and Unit D, but Unit D is unlikely to be the relevant unit because it is only distributed in narrow regions of high altitude.</p><p>Checking of the syntype’s external traits: First, we examined the elytral surfaces of the syntype and found microscopic surface structure. The units displaying this microscopic surface structure on the elytra in the female are morphological groups A, B, C, and EI: Units A- 1, A- 2, B- 1, B- 2, C- 1, C- 2, C- 3, EI- 1 and EI- 2 (Saitoh et al. 2008; Saitoh 2010, 2012).</p><p>Next, we checked the shape of the hind wing of the syntype, which is expanded apically, pinched before the tip and expanded 2 / 5 length from the tip (Fig. 3 A). In Ch. angusticollis species complex in northern Japan, only units B- 1, C- 1, 2, 3 and D exhibit a hindwing shape that is pinched before the tip. We examined individuals with this hindwing shape that were found in the vicinity of the collection site, estimated using method 1 and found individuals with hindwings similar to this hindwing shape in several localities in Hokkaido and Honshu. In these units, we found some variation in hind wing shape, the tip of which tended to be shorter in Unit B- 1 and longer in Unit C- 1 and in the syntype. Based on the above results, we have determined that syntype is very likely the equivalent of Unit C- 1.</p><p>Mochizuki and Tsunekawa (1937) recorded Ch. angusticollis from Korea for the first time, but this record is excluded here because it is not an appropriate distribution, assuming that Ch. angusticollis is treated as Morphological group A, B and C: Units A- 1, A- 2, B- 1, B- 2, C- 1, C- 2 and C- 3, as indicated above. Krivolutskaya and Medvedev (1966) recorded this species from Kunashiri Isl. for the first time. Later on, Dubeshko and Medvedev (1989) recorded this species from “ Amur region ” and “ South Kuriles ”. Subsequently the specimen from Kunashiri Isl. was identified by Bieńkowski (2007) as Ch. porosirensis . The record from the Amur region was first made by Jacobson (1893), although later he reexamined these specimens and described them as a new species Chrysolina (Anopachys) lineigera (Jacobson, 1901) . Therefore, Ch. angusticollis is currently distributed only in Japan. According to Bieńkowski (2001), there is a specimen collected from Honshu, Yokohama as “ Additional specimens ”, but the record of Ch. angusticollis from Yokohama should be confirmed because we have not been able to find any other records or identify any specimens from that locality.</p><p>We also checked the syntypes of Chrysomela japana Baly, 1874, the only junior synonym of Ch. angusticollis, and which units they correspond to. There are three specimens (one male and two females) of the syntypes of Chrysomela japana in BMNH, and according to Baly (1874), the first specimen (Fig. 4 A – C) was collected from “ Hakodadi ” by Mr Whitely in the Lewis Collection, the second specimen (Fig. 4 D – F) was collected from “ Japan ” by Mr Moor in the Baly collection, and the third specimen (Fig. 4 G – I) was collected from “ Manchuria ” by Mr Bowring. If the data on these labels is correct, the first specimens should correspond to Unit C- 1, but the second specimen is in a similar situation to the syntype of Ch. angusticollis, and the shape of the hindwing must be confirmed. As for the third specimen, it could possibly be the only record from China.</p><p>We checked the shape of the hind wing of the second (Fig. 4 D – F) and third (Fig. 4 G – I) syntypes, and found that each is expanded apically, pinched before the tip, and expanded at 2 / 5 length from the tip (Fig. 3 I, J) as seen in Unit C- 1</p><p>We checked the elytral surfaces of these syntypes and found microscopic surface structure. Although we cannot state here whether Ch. angusticollis is distributed in China, we found that at least all syntypes of Chrysomela japana are extremely similar to Unit C- 1.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/83B50CA025D2573297E0D7319F3E7408	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Takemoto, Takuya;Bieńkowski, Andrzej O.;Saitoh, Satoru	Takemoto, Takuya, Bieńkowski, Andrzej O., Saitoh, Satoru (2025): On the type specimens of representatives of the subgenus Apterosoma Motschulsky, 1861 of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1861 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). ZooKeys 1252: 97-110, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1252.146087
9FFFD7D4FD7C5F6E8F634BD47E8CC0B9.text	9FFFD7D4FD7C5F6E8F634BD47E8CC0B9.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Chrysolina porosirensis Takizawa 1970	<div><p>Chrysolina porosirensis Takizawa, 1970</p><p>Fig. 7</p><p>Chrysolina porosirensis Takizawa, 1970: 120 ( Japan: Hokkaido, Niikappu, Nanatsu-numa Cirque, holotype and paratypes in SEHU ).</p><p>Chrysolina porosinensis (sic): Bourdonné and Doguet (1991): 56.</p><p>Type material examined.</p><p>Holotype • ♂ (SEHU), Nanatunuma / Hidaka Mts. / 10.VII.1965 / Umezawa // Holo - type / Chrysolina / porosirensis / Takizawa [typed on a red label] // HOLOTYPE / The label attached by / ÔHARA and HIRONAGA / 2006 // 0000000264 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] .</p><p>Measurements of Holotype. HW 2.21 mm; PEL 6.33 mm; EL 4.69 mm; EW 3.92 mm; APW 2.42 mm; PL 1.85 mm; MPW 3.39 mm; PPW 3.04 mm.</p><p>Paratypes • 8 ♂, 1 ♀ (SEHU), Mt. Porosiri, Mts. Hidaka / Hokkaido, 21.Vii.1967 / Kumata, Kocha, Ueda et. // Paratype / Chrysolina / porosirensis / Takizawa // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 // 0000002409, 2410, 2413, 2415–2420 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] ; • 1 ♀ (SEHU), Nanatunuma / Hidaka Mts., / 10.VII.1965 / Umegawa // Paratype / C. porosiren- / sis, Taki. // 0000002414 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 ; • 1 ♂ (SEHU), Nukabira / Hokkaido / 18.VI.1966 / H. Takizawa // (フキ) // Paratype / Chrysolina porosirensis / Takizawa [typed on a pink card] // PARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 // 0000002411 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] ; • 1 ♂ (SEHU), Daiseuzan / Hokkaido / 27.VII.1965 / T. Kocha / Mt. Hakuun dake (typed on the back of the label) // Paratype / Chrysolina porosirensis / Takizawa [typed on a pink card] // 0000002412 / Sys. Ent / Hokkaido Univ. / Japan [SEHU] / ARATYPE / Appended label by / ÔHARA, INARI, KANBE / SUZUKI and HIRONAGA / 2007 .</p><p>Distribution.</p><p>Kunashiri Isl., Hokkaido.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9FFFD7D4FD7C5F6E8F634BD47E8CC0B9	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Takemoto, Takuya;Bieńkowski, Andrzej O.;Saitoh, Satoru	Takemoto, Takuya, Bieńkowski, Andrzej O., Saitoh, Satoru (2025): On the type specimens of representatives of the subgenus Apterosoma Motschulsky, 1861 of the genus Chrysolina Motschulsky, 1861 (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). ZooKeys 1252: 97-110, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1252.146087
