identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
E2506715230AFF81FF5304D3FB9C8F89.text	E2506715230AFF81FF5304D3FB9C8F89.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ruptor Żyła & Bogri & Hansen & ShaW & Kypke & Solodovnikov 2022	<div><p>Genus  Ruptor gen. nov.</p><p>Type species:  Ruptor cordatus sp. nov.</p><p>Diagnosis.</p><p>Ruptor gen. nov. (Figs. 3 and 4a) can be recognised among all  Paederinae by the following combination of characters: compact, dorso-ventrally flattened body with dense even cover of setiferous punctures with short pale setae; trapezoid-shaped head with broad frontal area, pronounced posterior angles and small notch on straight posterior margin of head above moderately narrow (ca. 1/3 of head width) neck; in maxillary palps penultimate (third) palpomere slightly longer and wider than second, apical (fourth) palpomere small and acicular; strongly transverse pronotum and notably shortened antennae and legs; protarsi wide, protarsomere 4 simple, not bilobed; protibial combs placed longitudinally (Supplementary Fig. 1a); ctenidium present only on posterior side of hind tibia (Supplementary Fig. 1b); aedeagus without parameres.</p><p>Description.</p><p>Medium size beetle (total body length ca. 5 mm); body robust and compact, somewhat flattened; body surface with dense but fine irregular punctation. Appendages shortened and robust.</p><p>Head trapezoidal, wider than long, widest in posterior part, with distinct posterior angles, tapering towards smooth anterior angles. Antennal insertions and labrum concealed under bulging frons, not visible from above (Fig. 3a, b). Antennae inserted near anterior margin of eye (Fig. 4a), short, slightly pectinate, reaching anterior margin of pronotum. All antennomeres slightly widened apically, without tomentose pubescence, with smaller pale setae all over surface and few longer and bigger setae around apex of antennomere; stem between antennomeres not visible (Fig. 4a–c). Strongly transverse labrum almost covering closed mandibles from above, its anterior margin straight, not notched or dentate (Fig. 4a), highly sclerotised, with multiple, evenly distributed setae. Mandibles short and stout, without ridges, with prostheca extending from base of mandible to first tooth. Left mandible with two teeth; right mandible with three teeth, first one distinctly smaller than next two (Fig. 4d). Maxillae (Fig. 4a): palpomere 1 short, approximately half of length of maxillary palpomere 2, bearing single seta; maxillary palpomere 2 short, expanded towards apex, with few strong and long setae; maxillary palpomere 3 expanded towards apex with denser setation; palpomere 4 (apical) glabrous and acicular, around 1/4 of palpomere 3 length, thin, 1/3 of width of palpomere 3. Labium (Fig. 4a): palpomere 1 widest apically, slightly thinner than palpomere 2; palpomere 2 elongate, widest at middle, slightly longer than palpomere 1, bearing three setae; palpomere 3 (apical) acicular, with few setae, slightly more than half of length of palpomere 2; mentum transverse, slightly concave along anterior margin; submentum with pair of setae; ligula bilobed. Gular sutures widely separated, gula wider in apical and basal portion (Fig. 4a). Eyes of moderate size, without setae between ommatidia, temples 1.5 × longer than eyes. Neck distinct; slightly more than 1/3 of head width.</p><p>Prothorax (Fig. 4b) distinctly transverse, widest just anteriad of middle; superior marginal line of pronotum deflexed under its anterior angles, reaching prosternum, not meeting with inferior marginal line; pronotal hypomera broad forming weak postcoxal process; prosternal suture well developed; basisternum with one pair of large macrosetae; furcasternum long (exceeding tip of postcoxal process), narrowly pointed posteriad, with sharp longitudinal carina in its posterior part; thoracic spiracles without distinct perithremes. Elytra without epipleural ridge. Mesoscutellum glabrous with apical third punctate and setose; obtusely pointed apically, with one transversal scutellar ridge before middle of scutellum length. Hind wings fully developed. Mesosternum (mesoventrite) (Fig. 4c) without longitudinal carina; mesocoxal cavities contiguous, mesosternal (mesoventrital) process acutely pointed. Metathorax (Fig. 4c) well developed. All legs relatively short, with broad, enlarged femora; protibia with two large spines at apical margin and two longitudinal combs of setae. Protarsi (Fig. 3c) enlarged in both sexes, protarsomeres 1 to 4 transverse, with adhesive spatulate setae ventrally, protarsomere 3 slightly bilobed. Mesoand metatarsi (Fig. 4c) same in shape, without adhesive setae ventrally; their tarsomeres 1 and 2 equal in length, tarsomere 5 about as long as tarsomeres 2 to 4 combined. One pair of empodial setae on each tarsus, equal or slightly shorter than claws. Hind tibia with ctenidium on posterior side.</p><p>Abdomen widest at segment V; segments III to VII with one pair of paratergites on each side; posterior margin of tergites II to VI with fringe of setae; apical margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe. Sternite III with transverse suture acutely pointed medially. Male: sternite VIII with slight medial emargination (Fig. 4e), tergite VIII truncate (Fig. 4f), with usual setation; sternite IX symmetrical (Fig. 4g); lateral tergal sclerites IX fused in one piece without any sutures apically embracing small tergite X (Fig. 4h); aedeagus symmetrical, without parameres (Fig. 3d, e). Female: sternite VIII apically without emargination; lateral tergal sclerites IX and tergite X as in male (Fig. 4h); sternite IX consisting of pair of weakly sclerotised basal and pair of stronger sclerotised apical gonocoxites (Fig. 4i).</p><p>For distribution and bionomics see below species description.</p><p>Comparison.</p><p>Ruptor gen. nov. is rather distinct among all known genera of  Paederinae, including specialised termitophilous and myrmecophilous forms (Fig. 5), by its habitus alone. Its compact dorso-ventrally flattened body with short appendages, lack of tuberculose sculpture or carinae on forebody, and head with sharp posterior angles (in dorsal view) combined with transverse pronotum easily tell it apart from other, often poorly known, inquiline (or presumably so)  Lathrobiini incertae sedis genera, namely  Bolbophites Fauvel, 1904,  Ecitobium Wasmann, 1923,  Ecitonides Wasmann, 1894 (Fig. 5a),  Ecitosaurus Fischer, 1943, (Fig. 5b)  Ecitotropis Borgmeier, 1936,  Labidophites Borgmeier, 1956,  Mimophites Fauvel, 1904 (Fig. 5c),  Synecitonides Reichensperger, 1936 (Fig. 5d) and  Monista Sharp, 1876 (Fig. 5e). The new genus superficially resembles some species of the Neotropical  Lathrobiini genera  Attaxenus Wasmann, 1925,  Paederopsis Wasmann, 1912 or especially  Dacnochilus LeConte, 1861, which presumably belong to the recently discovered  Pseudolathra -  Cylindroxystina lineage (Żyła et al. 2021). Within  Dacnochilus, a widespread Neotropical genus that occasionally occurs in nests of termites and ants,  Ruptor especially resembles  D. atrus Jiménez-Sánchez &amp; Galián, 2013 [correct masculine form of the species name should be ater],  D. compactus (Casey, 1905),  D. horridulus (Casey, 1905),  D. nahuiollinae Jiménez-Sánchez &amp; Galián, 2013,  D. newtoni Jiménez-Sánchez &amp; Galián, 2013, or  D. zaragozae Jiménez-Sánchez &amp; Galián, 2013 . However, it readily differs from them by a somewhat rugose (not glabrous) disc of head and pronotum, by the presence of ctenidium only on the posterior side of hind tibia, as well as by the longitudinal placement of the protibial combs. Also,  Ruptor may distantly resemble members of the subgenus  Eurysunius Reitter, 1909 of the genus  Astenus ( Astenina). It differs from all  Astenina at least by its simple not bilobed protarsomere 4, by its prosternum not being expanded under the front coxae and not fused with the pronotal hypomera, and by its short and stout mandibles. The new genus differs from all myrmecoand termitophilous  Pinophilini and  Paederini by having the typical for  Lathrobiini small and unmodified apical (fourth) maxillary palpomere; it differs from the myrmecophilous members of  Scopaeina by its larger labrum and lack of trichobothrium on the head; it differs from myrmecophilous  Stilicina by the wider neck and the prosternum not being expanded under the front coxae and not being fused with the pronotal hypomera.</p><p>Etymology: The genus name is a Latin noun of masculine gender meaning burglar or housebreaker. It refers to the social parasitism biology of this taxon which was found in the termite’s ‘house’.</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2506715230AFF81FF5304D3FB9C8F89	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Żyła, Dagmara;Bogri, Amalia;Hansen, Aslak Kappel;ShaW, Josh Jenkins;Kypke, Janina;Solodovnikov, AleXey	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
E2506715230CFF83FCBA02C6FD9C88A2.text	E2506715230CFF83FCBA02C6FD9C88A2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Ruptor cordatus Żyła & Bogri & Hansen & ShaW & Kypke & Solodovnikov 2022	<div><p>Ruptor cordatus sp. nov.</p><p>Type material, Holotype: [card mounted, DNA extraction voucher]: ♂, ‘ PER17-19a, PERU: Amazonia, Loreto region, Maynas province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.41904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.9635334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.41904/lat -3.9635334)">Allpahuayo-Mishana NP</a>, 20 km S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.41904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.9635334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.41904/lat -3.9635334)">Iquitos</a>, 3.IX.2017 / 100–200 m, 3°57.812′S 73°25.142′W, rainforest, in termite nest, leg. A. Hansen, J. Kypke, A. Solodovnikov /HOLOTYPE  Ruptor cordatus gen. et sp. n. Żyła et al. des. 2021 [red label]’ (MHN-UNMSM)  .   Paratypes: [card mounted]: 1♀ ‘ PER17-19a PERU: Amazonia, Loreto region, Maynas province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.41904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.9635334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.41904/lat -3.9635334)">Allpahuayo-Mishana NP</a>, 20 km S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.41904&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.9635334" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.41904/lat -3.9635334)">Iquitos</a>, 3.IX.2017 / 100–200 m, 3°57.812′S 73°25.142′W, rainforest, in termite nest, leg. A. Hansen, J. Kypke, A. Solodovnikov / collected with the holotype/PARATYPE  Ruptor cordatus gen. et sp. n. Żyła et al. des. 2021 [yellow label]’ (NHMD) ;   [disarticulated, in glycerin]: 1♀, ‘PER17-20a, PERU: Amazonia, Loreto region, Maynas Province, <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.42495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.97875" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.42495/lat -3.97875)">Allpahuayo-Mishana NP</a>, 20 km S of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.42495&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-3.97875" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.42495/lat -3.97875)">Iquitos</a>, 4.IX.2017 / 100–200 m, 3°58.725′S 73°25.497′W, rainforest, in termite nest, leg. A. Hansen, J. Kypke, A. Solodovnikov / PARATYPE  Ruptor cordatus gen. et sp. n. Żyła et al. des. 2021 [yellow label]’ (MHN-UNMSM) ;   [in cryovial]: 1♀, ‘ PER17-21b, PERU: Amazonia, Loreto region, Requena province, 3 km E of <a href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=-73.65173&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=-4.900367" title="Search Plazi for locations around (long -73.65173/lat -4.900367)">Jenaro Herrera</a>, 6.IX.2017, 100–200 m / 4°54.022′S 73°39.104′W, secondary forest/plantation, in termite nest, leg. A. Hansen, J. Kypke, A. Solodovnikov / PARATYPE  Ruptor cordatus gen. et sp. n. Żyła et al. des. 2021 [yellow label]’ (NHMD)  .</p><p>Measurements of holotype (in millimetres). Length = 4.9; front body length (HL+ PL + EL) = 2.27; HW (head width at widest point) = 1.0; HL (head length medially) = 0.6; PW (pronotum width at widest point) = 1.1; PL (pronotum length medially) = 0.78; EW (elytra width at widest point) = 1.18; EL (elytra length from shoulder to hind margin) = 0.89.</p><p>Description</p><p>Body colouration varies from pale brown to dark brown; head and elytra always darker; pro- and mesotibia darker than metatibia. Anterior and posterior margins of head, pronotum and elytra evenly covered with short golden setae; rest of head and abdomen mainly with grey setae; disc of head appearing dull due to microsculpture between fine punctation. Antennae: antennomere 1 as long as two following antennomeres; 2 and 3 elongate; 4 to 8 clearly transverse, 9 and 10 slightly transverse, 11 elongate, 1.5 × longer than antennomere 10. Antennomeres 3 to 7 appearing bicoloured, apical third of each antennomere distinctly darkened. Pronotum slightly longer than head. Elytra slightly longer than, and about as wide as pronotum; punctation with punctures larger and more densely positioned than those on pronotum. Aedeagus with narrowly pointed median lobe and characteristically elongate, bifurcate sclerite of internal sac.</p><p>Distribution and bionomics</p><p>Ruptor cordatus sp. nov. was found inside the chambers of arboreal termite nests (Fig. 1) in the lowland forest of the North-Eastern Peru (Fig. 2). The termite host was confidently identified as a widespread  Labiotermes labralis (Figs. 1 and 2), the only species in the genus that builds an arboreal nest (Constantino et al. 2006). Based on our sampling, we were able to find  Ruptor cordatus sp. nov. in roughly every fourth termite nest that was searched. All nests where  Ruptor cordatus sp. nov. was found were with winged termites, where also a number of other inquiline staphylinids (mostly  Aleocharinae) were always encountered.</p><p>Etymology</p><p>The scientific name of the new species is a Latin adjective that refers to the cordate shape of the head of the new species due to its characteristic notch in the middle of the hind margin of the head.</p><p>Phylogenetic analyses</p><p>PartitionFinder found the following four partitions: (1) 28S + COI2 + ArgK2 + Wg2 + TP2 + CADC2 + CADA2 + COI1 + ArgK1 + CADC1 + CADA1 + Wg1 + TP1; (2) Wg3 + TP3 + ArgK3; (3) CADA3 + CADC3; (4) COI3. For partition 1, SYM + I + G was found to be the best-supported model, for partitions 2 and 3—GTR + I + G, and for partition 4—HKY + G. We moved 28S to a separate partition as this is the only non-protein-coding gene in our dataset and analysed it under the SYM + I + G model. The third codon positions of COI were excluded as it has been suggested that they suffer saturation for deep divergences, which can potentially bias phylogenetic analyses (e.g. Swofford et al. 1996; Lin and Danforth 2004). Since COI3 was excluded, no partition was analysed under the HKY + G model.</p><p>The BI analysis reached convergence, with a standard deviation of split frequencies well below 0.01 after 10 million generations. Mixing of the Markov chain Monte Carlo chains was good, effective sample size (ESS) values were greater than 200 for all parameters indicating good mixing of the chains and the observed PSRF was 1.00. Convergence was also visualised in Tracer v1.7.</p><p>The tree topology presented in Fig. 6 is the 50% majority rule consensus tree. The subfamily  Paederinae was recovered as monophyletic with strong support (posterior probability PP=1) as well as  Paederini,  Pinophilini and  Lathrobiini, its three currently recognised tribes (PP= 1 in all cases). Within  Lathrobiini, the first clade ( Dysanabatium Bernhauer, 1915 + ( Notobium Solsky, 1864 +  Phanophilus Sharp, 1886)), all three genera currently classified in  Lathrobiina, was well-supported (PP=1). The next clade ( Pseudolathra Casey, 1905 +( Neolindus Scheerpeltz, 1933 +  Cylindroxystus Bierig, 1943)) was the  Pseudolathra -  Cylindroxystina lineage recently discovered in Żyła et al. (2021), which was well-supported here too (PP=0.99). The next resolved clade ( Tetartopeus Czwalina, 1888 +( Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 + ( Domene Fauvel, 1873 + ( Lobrathium Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1878 +  Platydomene Ganglbauer, 1895)))) was the so-called ‘true’  Lathrobiina (PP=1), recovered as sister to the ‘  Medonina and allied taxa’ clade (sensu Żyła et al. 2019) with weak support (PP = 0.84). Within the ‘  Medonina and allied taxa’ clade, the clade ( Enallagium Bernhauer, 1915 [ Lathrobiina] + ( Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 [ Scopaeina] + unidentified specimen of a  Medonina from the Far East Russia)) branched off first with strong support (PP= 1). The subtribe  Medonina was recovered as non-monophyletic, where its bigger fraction formed a group largely paraphyletic with respect to other subtribes in this clade, i.e.  Scopaeina,  Stilicina,  Astenina,  Stilicopsina and  Echiasterina .  Rugilus Leach, 1819 +  Stilicoderus Sharp, 1889 (both  Stilicina) and  Eustilicus Sharp, 1886 ( Stilicina)+  Thinocharis Kraatz, 1859 ( Medonina) were altogether recovered as a strongly supported clade (PP=1).  Dibelonetes Sahlberg, 1847 and  Stilicopsis Sachse, 1852 (both  Stilicopsina), as well as  Echiaster Erichson, 1839 and  Ronetus Blackwelder, 1943 (both  Echiasterina) were resolved as monophyletic clades (PP= 1 in both cases), with  Stilicopsina sister to  Astenus Dejean, 1833 ( Astenina) (PP=0.85). Our new genus was recovered as deeply nested within the ‘  Medonina and allied taxa’ clade. There, it was resolved as sister to a heterogeneous clade formed by the majority of sampled members of  Medonina (all, except for  Medonina from Far East Russia and  Pseudomedon Mulsant &amp; Rey, 1878) and all sampled  Scopaeina,  Stilicina,  Astenina,  Stilicopsina and  Echiasterina .</p></div>	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/E2506715230CFF83FCBA02C6FD9C88A2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Plazi	Żyła, Dagmara;Bogri, Amalia;Hansen, Aslak Kappel;ShaW, Josh Jenkins;Kypke, Janina;Solodovnikov, AleXey	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
