taxonID	type	description	language	source
E2506715230AFF81FF5304D3FB9C8F89.taxon	type_taxon	Type species: Ruptor cordatus sp. nov.	en	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
E2506715230AFF81FF5304D3FB9C8F89.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. Ruptor gen. nov. (Figs. 3 and 4 a) can be recognised among all Paederinae by the following combination of characters: compact, dorso-ventrally flattened body with dense even cover of setiferous punctures with short pale setae; trapezoid-shaped head with broad frontal area, pronounced posterior angles and small notch on straight posterior margin of head above moderately narrow (ca. 1 / 3 of head width) neck; in maxillary palps penultimate (third) palpomere slightly longer and wider than second, apical (fourth) palpomere small and acicular; strongly transverse pronotum and notably shortened antennae and legs; protarsi wide, protarsomere 4 simple, not bilobed; protibial combs placed longitudinally (Supplementary Fig. 1 a); ctenidium present only on posterior side of hind tibia (Supplementary Fig. 1 b); aedeagus without parameres.	en	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
E2506715230AFF81FF5304D3FB9C8F89.taxon	description	Description. Medium size beetle (total body length ca. 5 mm); body robust and compact, somewhat flattened; body surface with dense but fine irregular punctation. Appendages shortened and robust. Head trapezoidal, wider than long, widest in posterior part, with distinct posterior angles, tapering towards smooth anterior angles. Antennal insertions and labrum concealed under bulging frons, not visible from above (Fig. 3 a, b). Antennae inserted near anterior margin of eye (Fig. 4 a), short, slightly pectinate, reaching anterior margin of pronotum. All antennomeres slightly widened apically, without tomentose pubescence, with smaller pale setae all over surface and few longer and bigger setae around apex of antennomere; stem between antennomeres not visible (Fig. 4 a – c). Strongly transverse labrum almost covering closed mandibles from above, its anterior margin straight, not notched or dentate (Fig. 4 a), highly sclerotised, with multiple, evenly distributed setae. Mandibles short and stout, without ridges, with prostheca extending from base of mandible to first tooth. Left mandible with two teeth; right mandible with three teeth, first one distinctly smaller than next two (Fig. 4 d). Maxillae (Fig. 4 a): palpomere 1 short, approximately half of length of maxillary palpomere 2, bearing single seta; maxillary palpomere 2 short, expanded towards apex, with few strong and long setae; maxillary palpomere 3 expanded towards apex with denser setation; palpomere 4 (apical) glabrous and acicular, around 1 / 4 of palpomere 3 length, thin, 1 / 3 of width of palpomere 3. Labium (Fig. 4 a): palpomere 1 widest apically, slightly thinner than palpomere 2; palpomere 2 elongate, widest at middle, slightly longer than palpomere 1, bearing three setae; palpomere 3 (apical) acicular, with few setae, slightly more than half of length of palpomere 2; mentum transverse, slightly concave along anterior margin; submentum with pair of setae; ligula bilobed. Gular sutures widely separated, gula wider in apical and basal portion (Fig. 4 a). Eyes of moderate size, without setae between ommatidia, temples 1.5 × longer than eyes. Neck distinct; slightly more than 1 / 3 of head width. Prothorax (Fig. 4 b) distinctly transverse, widest just anteriad of middle; superior marginal line of pronotum deflexed under its anterior angles, reaching prosternum, not meeting with inferior marginal line; pronotal hypomera broad forming weak postcoxal process; prosternal suture well developed; basisternum with one pair of large macrosetae; furcasternum long (exceeding tip of postcoxal process), narrowly pointed posteriad, with sharp longitudinal carina in its posterior part; thoracic spiracles without distinct perithremes. Elytra without epipleural ridge. Mesoscutellum glabrous with apical third punctate and setose; obtusely pointed apically, with one transversal scutellar ridge before middle of scutellum length. Hind wings fully developed. Mesosternum (mesoventrite) (Fig. 4 c) without longitudinal carina; mesocoxal cavities contiguous, mesosternal (mesoventrital) process acutely pointed. Metathorax (Fig. 4 c) well developed. All legs relatively short, with broad, enlarged femora; protibia with two large spines at apical margin and two longitudinal combs of setae. Protarsi (Fig. 3 c) enlarged in both sexes, protarsomeres 1 to 4 transverse, with adhesive spatulate setae ventrally, protarsomere 3 slightly bilobed. Mesoand metatarsi (Fig. 4 c) same in shape, without adhesive setae ventrally; their tarsomeres 1 and 2 equal in length, tarsomere 5 about as long as tarsomeres 2 to 4 combined. One pair of empodial setae on each tarsus, equal or slightly shorter than claws. Hind tibia with ctenidium on posterior side. Abdomen widest at segment V; segments III to VII with one pair of paratergites on each side; posterior margin of tergites II to VI with fringe of setae; apical margin of tergite VII with palisade fringe. Sternite III with transverse suture acutely pointed medially. Male: sternite VIII with slight medial emargination (Fig. 4 e), tergite VIII truncate (Fig. 4 f), with usual setation; sternite IX symmetrical (Fig. 4 g); lateral tergal sclerites IX fused in one piece without any sutures apically embracing small tergite X (Fig. 4 h); aedeagus symmetrical, without parameres (Fig. 3 d, e). Female: sternite VIII apically without emargination; lateral tergal sclerites IX and tergite X as in male (Fig. 4 h); sternite IX consisting of pair of weakly sclerotised basal and pair of stronger sclerotised apical gonocoxites (Fig. 4 i). For distribution and bionomics see below species description.	en	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
E2506715230AFF81FF5304D3FB9C8F89.taxon	diagnosis	Comparison. Ruptor gen. nov. is rather distinct among all known genera of Paederinae, including specialised termitophilous and myrmecophilous forms (Fig. 5), by its habitus alone. Its compact dorso-ventrally flattened body with short appendages, lack of tuberculose sculpture or carinae on forebody, and head with sharp posterior angles (in dorsal view) combined with transverse pronotum easily tell it apart from other, often poorly known, inquiline (or presumably so) Lathrobiini incertae sedis genera, namely Bolbophites Fauvel, 1904, Ecitobium Wasmann, 1923, Ecitonides Wasmann, 1894 (Fig. 5 a), Ecitosaurus Fischer, 1943, (Fig. 5 b) Ecitotropis Borgmeier, 1936, Labidophites Borgmeier, 1956, Mimophites Fauvel, 1904 (Fig. 5 c), Synecitonides Reichensperger, 1936 (Fig. 5 d) and Monista Sharp, 1876 (Fig. 5 e). The new genus superficially resembles some species of the Neotropical Lathrobiini genera Attaxenus Wasmann, 1925, Paederopsis Wasmann, 1912 or especially Dacnochilus LeConte, 1861, which presumably belong to the recently discovered Pseudolathra - Cylindroxystina lineage (Żyła et al. 2021). Within Dacnochilus, a widespread Neotropical genus that occasionally occurs in nests of termites and ants, Ruptor especially resembles D. atrus Jiménez-Sánchez & Galián, 2013 [correct masculine form of the species name should be ater], D. compactus (Casey, 1905), D. horridulus (Casey, 1905), D. nahuiollinae Jiménez-Sánchez & Galián, 2013, D. newtoni Jiménez-Sánchez & Galián, 2013, or D. zaragozae Jiménez-Sánchez & Galián, 2013. However, it readily differs from them by a somewhat rugose (not glabrous) disc of head and pronotum, by the presence of ctenidium only on the posterior side of hind tibia, as well as by the longitudinal placement of the protibial combs. Also, Ruptor may distantly resemble members of the subgenus Eurysunius Reitter, 1909 of the genus Astenus (Astenina). It differs from all Astenina at least by its simple not bilobed protarsomere 4, by its prosternum not being expanded under the front coxae and not fused with the pronotal hypomera, and by its short and stout mandibles. The new genus differs from all myrmecoand termitophilous Pinophilini and Paederini by having the typical for Lathrobiini small and unmodified apical (fourth) maxillary palpomere; it differs from the myrmecophilous members of Scopaeina by its larger labrum and lack of trichobothrium on the head; it differs from myrmecophilous Stilicina by the wider neck and the prosternum not being expanded under the front coxae and not being fused with the pronotal hypomera.	en	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
E2506715230AFF81FF5304D3FB9C8F89.taxon	etymology	Etymology: The genus name is a Latin noun of masculine gender meaning burglar or housebreaker. It refers to the social parasitism biology of this taxon which was found in the termite’s ‘ house’.	en	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
E2506715230CFF83FCBA02C6FD9C88A2.taxon	materials_examined	Type material, Holotype: [card mounted, DNA extraction voucher]: ♂, ‘ PER 17 - 19 a, PERU: Amazonia, Loreto region, Maynas province, Allpahuayo-Mishana NP, 20 km S of Iquitos, 3. IX. 2017 / 100 – 200 m, 3 ° 57.812 ′ S 73 ° 25.142 ′ W, rainforest, in termite nest, leg. A. Hansen, J. Kypke, A. Solodovnikov / HOLOTYPE Ruptor cordatus gen. et sp. n. Żyła et al. des. 2021 [red label] ’ (MHN-UNMSM). Paratypes: [card mounted]: 1 ♀ ‘ PER 17 - 19 a PERU: Amazonia, Loreto region, Maynas province, Allpahuayo-Mishana NP, 20 km S of Iquitos, 3. IX. 2017 / 100 – 200 m, 3 ° 57.812 ′ S 73 ° 25.142 ′ W, rainforest, in termite nest, leg. A. Hansen, J. Kypke, A. Solodovnikov / collected with the holotype / PARATYPE Ruptor cordatus gen. et sp. n. Żyła et al. des. 2021 [yellow label] ’ (NHMD); [disarticulated, in glycerin]: 1 ♀, ‘ PER 17 - 20 a, PERU: Amazonia, Loreto region, Maynas Province, Allpahuayo-Mishana NP, 20 km S of Iquitos, 4. IX. 2017 / 100 – 200 m, 3 ° 58.725 ′ S 73 ° 25.497 ′ W, rainforest, in termite nest, leg. A. Hansen, J. Kypke, A. Solodovnikov / PARATYPE Ruptor cordatus gen. et sp. n. Żyła et al. des. 2021 [yellow label] ’ (MHN-UNMSM); [in cryovial]: 1 ♀, ‘ PER 17 - 21 b, PERU: Amazonia, Loreto region, Requena province, 3 km E of Jenaro Herrera, 6. IX. 2017, 100 – 200 m / 4 ° 54.022 ′ S 73 ° 39.104 ′ W, secondary forest / plantation, in termite nest, leg. A. Hansen, J. Kypke, A. Solodovnikov / PARATYPE Ruptor cordatus gen. et sp. n. Żyła et al. des. 2021 [yellow label] ’ (NHMD).	en	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
E2506715230CFF83FCBA02C6FD9C88A2.taxon	description	Measurements of holotype (in millimetres). Length = 4.9; front body length (HL + PL + EL) = 2.27; HW (head width at widest point) = 1.0; HL (head length medially) = 0.6; PW (pronotum width at widest point) = 1.1; PL (pronotum length medially) = 0.78; EW (elytra width at widest point) = 1.18; EL (elytra length from shoulder to hind margin) = 0.89. Description Body colouration varies from pale brown to dark brown; head and elytra always darker; pro- and mesotibia darker than metatibia. Anterior and posterior margins of head, pronotum and elytra evenly covered with short golden setae; rest of head and abdomen mainly with grey setae; disc of head appearing dull due to microsculpture between fine punctation. Antennae: antennomere 1 as long as two following antennomeres; 2 and 3 elongate; 4 to 8 clearly transverse, 9 and 10 slightly transverse, 11 elongate, 1.5 × longer than antennomere 10. Antennomeres 3 to 7 appearing bicoloured, apical third of each antennomere distinctly darkened. Pronotum slightly longer than head. Elytra slightly longer than, and about as wide as pronotum; punctation with punctures larger and more densely positioned than those on pronotum. Aedeagus with narrowly pointed median lobe and characteristically elongate, bifurcate sclerite of internal sac.	en	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
E2506715230CFF83FCBA02C6FD9C88A2.taxon	distribution	Distribution and bionomics Ruptor cordatus sp. nov. was found inside the chambers of arboreal termite nests (Fig. 1) in the lowland forest of the North-Eastern Peru (Fig. 2). The termite host was confidently identified as a widespread Labiotermes labralis (Figs. 1 and 2), the only species in the genus that builds an arboreal nest (Constantino et al. 2006). Based on our sampling, we were able to find Ruptor cordatus sp. nov. in roughly every fourth termite nest that was searched. All nests where Ruptor cordatus sp. nov. was found were with winged termites, where also a number of other inquiline staphylinids (mostly Aleocharinae) were always encountered.	en	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
E2506715230CFF83FCBA02C6FD9C88A2.taxon	etymology	Etymology The scientific name of the new species is a Latin adjective that refers to the cordate shape of the head of the new species due to its characteristic notch in the middle of the hind margin of the head.	en	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
E2506715230CFF83FCBA02C6FD9C88A2.taxon	discussion	Phylogenetic analyses PartitionFinder found the following four partitions: (1) 28 S + COI 2 + ArgK 2 + Wg 2 + TP 2 + CADC 2 + CADA 2 + COI 1 + ArgK 1 + CADC 1 + CADA 1 + Wg 1 + TP 1; (2) Wg 3 + TP 3 + ArgK 3; (3) CADA 3 + CADC 3; (4) COI 3. For partition 1, SYM + I + G was found to be the best-supported model, for partitions 2 and 3 — GTR + I + G, and for partition 4 — HKY + G. We moved 28 S to a separate partition as this is the only non-protein-coding gene in our dataset and analysed it under the SYM + I + G model. The third codon positions of COI were excluded as it has been suggested that they suffer saturation for deep divergences, which can potentially bias phylogenetic analyses (e. g. Swofford et al. 1996; Lin and Danforth 2004). Since COI 3 was excluded, no partition was analysed under the HKY + G model. The BI analysis reached convergence, with a standard deviation of split frequencies well below 0.01 after 10 million generations. Mixing of the Markov chain Monte Carlo chains was good, effective sample size (ESS) values were greater than 200 for all parameters indicating good mixing of the chains and the observed PSRF was 1.00. Convergence was also visualised in Tracer v 1.7. The tree topology presented in Fig. 6 is the 50 % majority rule consensus tree. The subfamily Paederinae was recovered as monophyletic with strong support (posterior probability PP = 1) as well as Paederini, Pinophilini and Lathrobiini, its three currently recognised tribes (PP = 1 in all cases). Within Lathrobiini, the first clade (Dysanabatium Bernhauer, 1915 + (Notobium Solsky, 1864 + Phanophilus Sharp, 1886 )), all three genera currently classified in Lathrobiina, was well-supported (PP = 1). The next clade (Pseudolathra Casey, 1905 + (Neolindus Scheerpeltz, 1933 + Cylindroxystus Bierig, 1943 )) was the Pseudolathra - Cylindroxystina lineage recently discovered in Żyła et al. (2021), which was well-supported here too (PP = 0.99). The next resolved clade (Tetartopeus Czwalina, 1888 + (Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 + (Domene Fauvel, 1873 + (Lobrathium Mulsant & Rey, 1878 + Platydomene Ganglbauer, 1895 )))) was the so-called ‘ true’ Lathrobiina (PP = 1), recovered as sister to the ‘ Medonina and allied taxa’ clade (sensu Żyła et al. 2019) with weak support (PP = 0.84). Within the ‘ Medonina and allied taxa’ clade, the clade (Enallagium Bernhauer, 1915 [Lathrobiina] + (Scopaeus Erichson, 1839 [Scopaeina] + unidentified specimen of a Medonina from the Far East Russia )) branched off first with strong support (PP = 1). The subtribe Medonina was recovered as non-monophyletic, where its bigger fraction formed a group largely paraphyletic with respect to other subtribes in this clade, i. e. Scopaeina, Stilicina, Astenina, Stilicopsina and Echiasterina. Rugilus Leach, 1819 + Stilicoderus Sharp, 1889 (both Stilicina) and Eustilicus Sharp, 1886 (Stilicina) + Thinocharis Kraatz, 1859 (Medonina) were altogether recovered as a strongly supported clade (PP = 1). Dibelonetes Sahlberg, 1847 and Stilicopsis Sachse, 1852 (both Stilicopsina), as well as Echiaster Erichson, 1839 and Ronetus Blackwelder, 1943 (both Echiasterina) were resolved as monophyletic clades (PP = 1 in both cases), with Stilicopsina sister to Astenus Dejean, 1833 (Astenina) (PP = 0.85). Our new genus was recovered as deeply nested within the ‘ Medonina and allied taxa’ clade. There, it was resolved as sister to a heterogeneous clade formed by the majority of sampled members of Medonina (all, except for Medonina from Far East Russia and Pseudomedon Mulsant & Rey, 1878) and all sampled Scopaeina, Stilicina, Astenina, Stilicopsina and Echiasterina.	en	Żyła, Dagmara, Bogri, Amalia, Hansen, Aslak Kappel, ShaW, Josh Jenkins, Kypke, Janina, Solodovnikov, AleXey (2022): A New Termitophilous Genus of Paederinae Rove Beetles (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae) from the Neotropics and Its Phylogenetic Position. Neotropical Entomology 51 (2): 282-291, DOI: 10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x, URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13744-022-00946-x
