identifier	taxonID	type	CVterm	format	language	title	description	additionalInformationURL	UsageTerms	rights	Owner	contributor	creator	bibliographicCitation
5FDEEB171FA05F25A9FA0D099E66D316.text	5FDEEB171FA05F25A9FA0D099E66D316.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Songkhlanaia Konopleva, Lheknim, Sriwoon, Kondakov, Vikhrev & Bolotov 2023	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Genus  Songkhlanaia Konopleva, Lheknim, Sriwoon, Kondakov, Vikhrev &amp; Bolotov, 2023</p>
            <p> Songkhlanaia Konopleva et al., 2023: 13, 14. Bolotov et al. 2023: 12.</p>
            <p>Type species.</p>
            <p> Songkhlanaia tamodienica Konopleva, Lheknim, Sriwoon, Kondakov, Vikhrev &amp; Bolotov in Konopleva et al. 2023 (by original designation). </p>
            <p>Species included.</p>
            <p> Songkhlanaia currently consists of three species:  S. tamodienica (type species),  S. moreleti comb. nov. , and  S. songkhramensis sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell medium to large, rectangular or subrhomboidal, rather compressed to inflated. Anteriorly constricted, dorsal margin straight or slightly curved, slightly elevated posteriorly. One or two folds on posterior slope. Shell surface with fine or irregular growth lines, roughened on posterior slope or border of shell. One pseudocardinal tooth on each valve; lateral teeth obsolete.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Endemic to Indochina, including Songkhla Lake Basin, Tonle Sap Basin, and Middle to Lower Mekong basins.</p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> Songkhlanaia is represented in multi-locus phylogenetic analyses as a distinct clade among the  Pseudodontini genera (Fig. 1). Morphologically, its rectangular or overall subrhomboidal shape outline also makes  Songkhlanaia easily distinguishable from other genera that have somewhat narrow and elongate shells:  Bineurus Simpson, 1900 ,  Isannaia Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 ,  Namkongnaia Jeratthitikul et al., 2021 , and  Pilsbryoconcha Simpson, 1900 (Jeratthitikul et al. 2021 b, 2024; Konopleva et al. 2021; Bolotov et al. 2023). Although members of  Songkhlanaia possess rather short and high shell outlines which resemble those of the genera  Indopseudodon Prashad, 1922 ,  Lannanaia Jeratthitikul et al., 2024 ,  Nyeinchanconcha Bolotov et al., 2020 ,  Pseudodon Gould, 1844 ,  Sundadontina Bolotov et al., 2020 , and  Thaiconcha Bolotov et al., 2020 , the unique roughened and irregular growth lines on the outer shell surface (which are fine or less developed growth lines in  S. tamodienica ) make it easily distinguishable from these genera (Bolotov et al. 2020, 2023; Konopleva et al. 2021; Jeratthitikul et al. 2024). </p>
            <p> Members of  Songkhlanaia are likely the largest freshwater mussels in the tribe  Pseudodontini recorded to date. The largest specimen examined herein is  S. moreleti (MUMNH - UNI 0301; shell length 121.7 mm) from Srakeo, Thailand. The syntype has a shell length of 123 mm (Crosse and Fischer 1876) and a specimen from Cambodia examined by Simpson (1914) reached 124 mm. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/5FDEEB171FA05F25A9FA0D099E66D316	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Prasankok, Pongpun	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Prasankok, Pongpun (2025): An integrative approach to a revision of the freshwater mussel genus Songkhlanaia (Bivalvia, Unionidae), with the description of a new species. ZooKeys 1224: 187-209, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1224.140549
9BDBEDA98C975EA793681649DEF9E8B2.text	9BDBEDA98C975EA793681649DEF9E8B2.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Songkhlanaia moreleti (Crosse & Fischer 1876) Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit & Prasankok 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Songkhlanaia moreleti (Crosse &amp; Fischer, 1876) comb. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 2 C – F, 5 B, Table 1</p>
            <p> 
Monocondylea [sic] tumida Deshayes &amp; Jullien, 1876: 117–120, pl. 5, figs 1–3 [in part; non 
Monocondylus tumidus Morelet, 1866
].
</p>
            <p> Pseudodon moreleti Crosse &amp; Fischer, 1876: 330. Type Locality: “ les marécages qui avoisinent les rives du Mékong; dans un lac, à Préai-Bac, arroyo de Peam-Chelang; ďeau de la province de Compong-Soai ” [= Peam Chileang and Kampong Svay, Cambodia]. Fischer 1891: 221. Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904: 436. Dautzenberg and Fischer 1905: 452, 453.</p>
            <p> Pseudodon (Pseudodon) moreleti — Simpson 1900: 838. Simpson 1914: 1094, 1095. Haas 1924: 137, 138. Haas 1969: 130. </p>
            <p> Sundadontina moreleti — Bolotov et al. 2020: 10, fig. 4 e. Graf and Cummings 2021: 22. Bolotov et al. 2023: 13. </p>
            <p> Pseudodon thomsoni Morlet, 1884: 401, 402, pl. 13, figs 2, 2 a. Type Locality: “ Cambodge ” [= Cambodia]. Morlet 1889: 166. Fischer 1891: 221. Fischer-Piette 1950: 154. Zieritz et al. 2018: supplementary material 1. Bolotov et al. 2023: 11. Syn. nov.</p>
            <p> Margaritana thomsoni — Paetel 1890: 174. </p>
            <p> Pseudodon (Pseudodon) thomsoni — Simpson 1900: 838. Simpson 1914: 1092, 1093. </p>
            <p> Pseudodon (Bineurus) thomsoni — Haas 1920: 336–337. Haas 1924: 144. Graf and Cummings 2007: 311. </p>
            <p> ?  Pseudodon thomsoni — Konopleva et al. 2021: 11, fig. 3 h. </p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p> Syntypes MNHN - IM- 2000–34623 (2 shells). Syntype MNHN - IM- 2000-1800 (1 shell) of  Pseudodon thomsoni Morlet, 1884 , (inadvertently stated as holotype by Fischer-Piette, 1950). </p>
            <p>Other material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Thailand – Sa Kaeo Province • 1 shell; Aranyaprathet District, Aranyaprathet Subdistrict, Tonle Sap Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.521/lat 13.6694)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.521&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.6694">Phrom Hot Stream</a>
                 ; 13.6694 ° N, 102.5210 ° E; 31 Jan. 2015; E. Jeratthitikul leg.; MUMNH - UNI 0544  •   1 shell; Aranyaprathet District, Aranyaprathet Subdistrict, Tonle Sap Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.5166/lat 13.6718)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.5166&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.6718">Phrom Hot Stream</a>
                 ; 13.6718 ° N, 102.5166 ° E; MUMNH - UNI 3428  •   2 shells; Watthana Nakhon District, Phak Kha Subdistrict, Tonle Sap Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.4271/lat 13.749)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.4271&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=13.749">Phrom Hot Stream</a>
                 ; 13.7490 ° N, 102.4271 ° E; 5 May 2015; P. Prasankok leg.; MUMNH - UNI 0300 to 0301  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell large, subrhomboidal to ovate, moderately thickened, rather inflated. Anteriorly constricted, dorsal slightly curved, slightly elevated posteriorly. Posterior slope with one or two faint folds. Umbo rounded, moderately elevated. Shell surface with irregular growth lines, roughened on posterior slope and border of shell. Right valve with one smooth tubercular pseudocardinal tooth, left valve with hill-like or triangulate pseudocardinal tooth, subcompressed. V-shaped furrow on posterior end of hinge structure prominent, wide. Anterior adductor muscle scar impressed, ovate, separated from anterior protractor muscle scar. Umbo cavity moderately deep.</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p>This species is much larger and more inflated than the type species. Irregular growth lines on the shell surface are rougher, especially on the posterior slope and along the shell border. This species is also distinct from congenerics due to 14 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment (Table 2).</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>Tonle Sap Basin in Thailand and Cambodia (Crosse and Fischer 1876; Deshayes and Jullien 1876; this study), and the Lower Mekong Basin in Cambodia (Morlet 1884) (Fig. 3).</p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> Originally,  Songkhlanaia moreleti was described based on a partially misidentified specimen from Cambodia as  Monocondylus tumidus Morelet, 1866 by Deshayes and Jullien (1876). Crosse and Fischer (1876) reexamined the specimens and provided it with a new name,  Pseudodon moreleti . This nominal species had been recognized as valid by subsequent studies for more than a hundred years (e. g., Fischer 1891; Fischer and Dautzenberg 1904; Dautzenberg and Fischer 1905; Simpson 1900, 1914; Haas 1924, 1969). Later, Brandt (1974: 271) and Graf and Cummings (2007: 311) listed this taxon as a junior synonym of either species or subspecies of  ‘ tumidus Morelet, 1866 ’. Recently, Bolotov et al. (2020) raised this species as valid and placed it in their new genus,  Sundadontina . However, this resurrection and generic placement seemed provisionally based on conchological characters alone. Fortunately, specimens collected from Sa Kaeo Province in Thailand (Fig. 2 E), the location of the headwaters of the Tonle Sap Basin and the type locality for this species, have been found to match well with the syntypes (Fig. 2 C). Furthermore, these specimens cluster within the phylogenetic position of the  Songkhlanaia (Fig. 1). Therefore, we propose transferring this species to the more appropriate genus  Songkhlanaia . </p>
            <p> Pseudodon thomsoni Morlet, 1884 was described based on specimens collected from Cambodia by Auguste Jean-Marie Pavie. Later, Morlet (1889: 166) detailed and specified the type locality as " Etang de Pnom-Penh (Cambodge) " [= pond in Phnom Penh, Cambodia]. It was recognized as a distinct species for more than a century, until it was recently treated as a junior synonym of  Thaiconcha callifera (von Martens, 1860) by some authors (Bolotov et al. 2020: 10; Graf and Cummings 2021: 22). The following year, it was resurrected as a valid species by Konopleva et al. (2021) and again by Bolotov et al. (2023). However, the syntype of  Pseudodon thomsoni Morlet, 1884 is relatively small (Fig. 2 D; shell length 53 mm), and its shell characteristics generally resemble those of young specimens of  S. moreleti (Fig. 2 F), such as the long obovate shell that is constricted anteriorly, moderately elevated umbo, and a bean-shaped anterior protractor scar. Furthermore, the type locality in ‘ Phnom Penh, Cambodia’ is in the lower Mekong Basin (Fig. 3), the same basin as the type locality of  S. moreleti . Based on this conchological and biogeographic evidence, we thus synonymise this species with  S. moreleti . </p>
            <p> The molecular data examined in this study included individuals of  S. moreleti solely collected from the headwater areas of the Tonle Sap Basin in Thailand. In fact, previous freshwater mollusk surveys of areas surrounding the Tonle Sap Lake in Cambodia by Ng et al. (2020) did not recover any specimens identified as  S. moreleti from over 40 sampling localities. This possibly suggests a low abundance or local disappearance from the area. Further intensive surveys throughout the basin, including the headwater area and its tributaries, may encounter more specimens, which would be beneficial for assessing the genetic viability and conservation status of this species. </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/9BDBEDA98C975EA793681649DEF9E8B2	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Prasankok, Pongpun	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Prasankok, Pongpun (2025): An integrative approach to a revision of the freshwater mussel genus Songkhlanaia (Bivalvia, Unionidae), with the description of a new species. ZooKeys 1224: 187-209, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1224.140549
F504AFD90E3258EFA2C7C5A745CCB2C8.text	F504AFD90E3258EFA2C7C5A745CCB2C8.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Songkhlanaia songkhramensis Jeratthitikul & Sutcharit & Prasankok 2025	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Songkhlanaia songkhramensis sp. nov.</p>
            <p>Figs 4, 5 C Tables 1, 4</p>
            <p>Type material.</p>
            <p>
                  Holotype Thailand – Sakon Nakhon Province • Phang Khon District, Hai Yong Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7569/lat 17.4376)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7569&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.4376">Prahang River</a>
                 ; 17.4376 ° N, 103.7569 ° E; 7 Apr. 2023; E. Jeratthitikul and W. Siriwut leg.; MUMNH - UNI 3024 (shell length 120.5 mm, shell height 78.5 mm, shell width 55.3 mm)  .  Paratype • 3 shells; same collection data as for holotype; MUMNH - UNI 3022, 3023, 3025 . 
            </p>
            <p>Other material.</p>
            <p>
                  Thailand – Nong Khai Province • 5 shells; Si Chiang Mai District, Nong Pla Pak Subdistrict, Mekong Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.5341/lat 17.8914)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.5341&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.8914">Nam Mong River</a>
                 ; 17.8914 ° N, 102.5341 ° E; 7 Apr. 2015; E. Jeratthitikul, K. Wisittikoson, and P. Prasankok leg.; MUMNH - UNI 2174 to 2178  •   2 shells; Phon Phisai District, Thung Luang Subdistrict, Mekong Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 102.9659/lat 17.964)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=102.9659&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.964">Nam Suai Stream</a>
                 ; 17.9640 ° N, 102.9659 ° E; 8 Apr. 2015; E. Jeratthitikul, K. Wisittikoson, and P. Prasankok leg.; MUMNH - UNI 2214, 2215  .   Udon Thani Province • 2 shells; Ban Dung District, Ban Dung Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.4034/lat 17.8666)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.4034&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.8666">Songkhram River</a>
                 ; 17.8666 ° N, 103.4034 ° E; 5 Apr. 2023; E. Jeratthitikul and W. Siriwut leg.; MUMNH - UNI 2978, 2979  •   2 shells; Ban Dung District, Ban Muang Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.4101/lat 17.7293)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.4101&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.7293">Songkhram River</a>
                 ; 17.7293 ° N, 103.4101 ° E; 5 Apr. 2023; E. Jeratthitikul and W. Siriwut leg.; MUMNH - UNI 2981, 2982  •   7 shells; Thung Fon District, Thung Fon Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.2808/lat 17.4521)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.2808&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.4521">Songkhram River</a>
                 ; 17.4521 ° N, 103.2808 ° E; 8 Apr. 2015; E. Jeratthitikul, K. Wisittikoson, and P. Prasankok leg.; MUMNH - UNI 919, 0925 to 0927, 3003 to 3005  •   3 shells; Sang Khom District, Chiang Da Subdistrict, Mekong Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.0875/lat 17.873)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.0875&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.873">Huai Luang River</a>
                 ; 17.8730 ° N, 103.0875 ° E; 8 Apr. 2015; E. Jeratthitikul, K. Wisittikoson, and P. Prasankok leg.; MUMNH - UNI 2179 to 2181  .   Bueng Kan Province • 6 shells; Mueang District, Khok Kong Subdistrict, Mekong Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7625/lat 18.3381)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7625&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.3381">Huay Kam Paeng.</a>
                 18.3381 ° N, 103.7625 ° E; 5 Apr. 2015; E. Jeratthitikul, K. Wisittikoson, and P. Prasankok leg.; MUMNH - UNI 0586 to 0591  •   3 shells; Seka District, Nong Thum Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8609/lat 17.8822)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8609&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.8822">Songkhram River</a>
                 ; 17.8822 ° N, 103.8609 ° E; 4 Apr. 2023; E. Jeratthitikul and W. Siriwut leg.; MUMNH - UNI 3051 to 3053  •   1 shell; Seka District, Pong Hai Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8585/lat 18.0117)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8585&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.0117">Nam Hee Stream</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.8585/lat 18.0117)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.8585&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.0117">Unnamed Check Dam</a>
                 ; 18.0117 ° N, 103.8585 ° E; 4 Apr. 2023; E. Jeratthitikul and W. Siriwut leg.; MUMNH - UNI 3069  •   1 shell; Phon Charoen District, Wang Chomphu Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.6802/lat 17.9557)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.6802&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.9557">Songkhram River</a>
                 ; 17.9557 ° N, 103.6802 ° E; 4 Apr. 2023; E. Jeratthitikul and W. Siriwut leg.; MUMNH - UNI 3107  •   2 shells; Mueang District, Na Sawan Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.5425/lat 18.2603)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.5425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.2603">Huay Pak Kong Stream</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.5425/lat 18.2603)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.5425&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.2603">Ban Na Waeng Cheek Dam</a>
                 ; 18.2603 ° N, 103.5425 ° E; 4 Apr. 2023; E. Jeratthitikul and W. Siriwut leg.; MUMNH - UNI 3088, 3089  •   3 shells; Phon Charoen District, Nong Hua Chang Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.5462/lat 18.0863)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.5462&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.0863">Huay Pak Kong Stream</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.5462/lat 18.0863)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.5462&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=18.0863">Unnamed Cheek Dam</a>
                 ; 18.0863 ° N, 103.5462 ° E; 5 Apr. 2023; E. Jeratthitikul and W. Siriwut leg.; MUMNH - UNI 3048 to 3050  •   9 shells; Seka District, Seka Subdistrict, Market (collected from  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.9455/lat 17.9265)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.9455&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.9265">Nam Hee Stream</a>
                 ); 17.9265 ° N, 103.9455 ° E; 19 Jan 2023; K. Macharoenboon leg.; MUMNH - UNI 2855 to 2863  •   9 shells; Seka District, Tha Sa-at Subdistrict,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76/lat 17.9318)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.9318">Songkhram Basin</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.76/lat 17.9318)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.76&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.9318">Songkhram River</a>
                 ; 17.9318 ° N, 103.7600 ° E; 5 Apr. 2015; E. Jeratthitikul, K. Wisittikoson, and P. Prasankok leg.; MUMNH - UNI 0667, 0668  .   Nakhon Phanom Province • 2 shells; Tha Uthen District, Non Tan Subdistrict,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.6096/lat 17.5621)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.6096&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.5621">Mekong Basin</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 104.6096/lat 17.5621)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=104.6096&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.5621">Thuai River</a>
                 ; 17.5621 ° N, 104.6096 ° E; 2 Apr. 2023; E. Jeratthitikul and W. Siriwut leg.; MUMNH - UNI 3101, 3102  .   Sakon Nakhon Province • 2 shells; Sawang Daen Din District, Khok Si Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.402/lat 17.6205)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.402&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.6205">Songkhram River</a>
                 ; 17.6205 ° N, 103.4020 ° E; 6 Apr. 2023; E. Jeratthitikul and W. Siriwut leg.; MUMNH - UNI 3077, 3078  •   4 shells; Wanon Niwat District, Khon Sawan Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7203/lat 17.5637)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7203&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.5637">Yam Stream</a>
                 ,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7203/lat 17.5637)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7203&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.5637">Huai Kho Check Dam</a>
                 ; 17.5637 ° N, 103.7203 ° E; 7 Apr. 2023; E. Jeratthitikul and W. Siriwut leg.; MUMNH - UNI 3013 to 3016  •   7 shells; Charoen Sin District, Khok Sila Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.5608/lat 17.5322)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.5608&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.5322">Yam Stream</a>
                 ; 17.5322 ° N, 103.5608 ° E; 3 May 2015; E. Jeratthitikul, K. Wisittikoson, and P. Prasankok leg.; MUMNH - UNI 0344 to 0350  •   1 shell; Kham Ta Kla District, Kham Ta Kla Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.7572/lat 17.9307)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.7572&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.9307">Songkhram River</a>
                 ; 17.9307 ° N, 103.7572 ° E; 18 Jan. 2023; K. Macharoenboon leg.; MUMNH - UNI 2853  •   1 shell; Akat Amnuai District, Tha Kon Subdistrict, Songkhram Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 103.9528/lat 17.7786)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=103.9528&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=17.7786">Songkhram River</a>
                 ; 17.7786 ° N, 103.9528 ° E; 9 Jan. 2023; local people leg.; MUMNH - UNI 2198  . 
            </p>
            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell large, subrhomboidal to ovate, thick, rather inflated. Anteriorly constricted, dorsal slightly curved, slightly elevated posteriorly. Posterior slope with one or two faint folds. Umbo rounded, wide, moderately elevated. Shell surface with irregular growth lines, roughened on posterior slope and border of shell. Right valve with one smooth triangular or high tubercular pseudocardinal tooth, left valve with well-developed, rectangular, rather broad and high pseudocardinal tooth. V-shaped furrow on posterior end of hinge structure prominent and wide. Anterior adductor muscle scar impressed, somewhat droplet-like, separated from anterior protractor muscle scar. Umbo cavity moderately deep and wide.</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p> This new species can be distinguished from  S. moreleti by having well-developed pseudocardinal teeth (Fig. 5), particularly the one on the left valve, which is characterized as a rectangular, rather broad, and high tooth (vs subcompressed, hill-like, or triangulate in  S. moreleti ); a wider V-shaped furrow at the posterior end of the hinge structure; and a deeper umbo cavity. The new species also possesses a set of unique fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment that make it genetically distinct from its congeners (Table 3). The new species is genetically closely related to  S. moreleti , with a 4.17 % uncorrected p-distance in the COI gene. They also form a sister clade in the phylogenetic analysis (Fig. 1). </p>
            <p>Description.</p>
            <p>Shell large-sized (shell length 104.7–120.5 mm, shell height 73.8–78.5 mm, shell width 46.2–55.3 mm; Table 4), thick, rather high (H / L ratio = 0.65–0.70), inequilateral, subrhomboidal to ovate shape, rather inflated. Anterior margin rounded; posterior margin oblique above, subtruncate below; ventral margin slightly curved to straight. Dorsal margin curved to slightly curved; anterior low, rather constricted, slightly elevated to posterior end; posterior end high, resembling posterior wing in young specimens (Fig. 4 C). Umbo rounded, wide, moderately elevated, usually eroded. Posterior ridge wide and obtuse, not prominent; posterior slope with one or two faint folds running as curved line from umbo to posterior margin; lower one more prominent, ending at approximately middle of posterior margin, forming angulate point. Periostracum moderately thick, dark brown to black, eroded part white to coppery-brown. Shell surface with irregular growth lines, roughened on posterior slope and border of shell.</p>
            <p>Inner side of shell: ligament long, narrow, dark brown in color. Pseudocadinal teeth one on each valve; smooth, triangular or high tubercular shape on right valve; well-developed, smooth, rectangular shape, rather broad and high on left valve; in shell coupling position, pseudocadinal tooth on right valve situated well anteriorly. Lateral teeth obsolete. Posterior end of hinge structure with wide V-shaped furrow. Anterior muscle scars impressed; anterior adductor muscle scar somewhat droplet-like, contiguous with anterior pedal retractor, but separated from anterior protractor muscle scars; pedal retractor muscle scar rounded, protractor muscle scar bean-shaped. Posterior adductor muscle scar large, drop-like to ovate, shallow. Pallial line well-marked and continuous. Umbo cavity deep, wide, with one row of 5–10 muscle scars. Nacre whitish blue to yellowish.</p>
            <p>Siphon apertures with strip of dark pigmentation running along aperture edge. Exhalant aperture smooth, shorter than inhalant. Inhalant aperture with one row of conical papillae, varying in length, with more of the longer papillae near ventral edge. Small epithelial fold divides exhalant and inhalant aperture. Gills elongated and slightly ribbed; outer gills narrower than inner gills; anterior margin of inner gills slightly longer than outer gills. Labial palps elongate, somewhat pointed at tip. Glochidia unknown.</p>
            <p>Etymology.</p>
            <p>The species name songkhramensis refers to the Songkhram Basin, a sub-river basin of the Middle Mekong Basin in northeastern Thailand, in which this species is highly abundant. The type locality of the species is also situated in the Songkhram Basin.</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>The new species occurs in the Songkhram Basin and tributaries of the Mekong River in northeastern Thailand. It is a common freshwater mussel in the middle to upper part of Songkhram Basin (Fig. 3) and is usually found in high abundance.</p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> Among the mussel species commonly found sympatrically with  S. songkhramensis sp. nov. ,  Thaiconcha callifera is the most similar in overall shell features, and thus may confuse the identification. However, the new species can be easily distinguished from  T. callifera by its thick shell (vs moderately thick), subrhomboidal to ovate shape (vs elliptical or rounded shape), higher shell (vs somewhat elongate), wider and more elevated umbo (vs narrow and slightly elevated), less shiny shell (vs somewhat shiny shell), shell surface sculptured with irregular growth lines, heavily roughened on the posterior slope (vs shell surface rather smooth, with fine growth lines, slightly roughened on the posterior slope), and rectangular and rather broad pseudocardinal teeth (vs tubercular pseudocardinal teeth) (Bolotov et al. 2020; Konopleva et al. 2021). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/F504AFD90E3258EFA2C7C5A745CCB2C8	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Prasankok, Pongpun	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Prasankok, Pongpun (2025): An integrative approach to a revision of the freshwater mussel genus Songkhlanaia (Bivalvia, Unionidae), with the description of a new species. ZooKeys 1224: 187-209, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1224.140549
CFCEEF67CC9F5CE4A8B9B106AAACC3E3.text	CFCEEF67CC9F5CE4A8B9B106AAACC3E3.taxon	http://purl.org/dc/dcmitype/Text	http://rs.tdwg.org/ontology/voc/SPMInfoItems#GeneralDescription	text/html	en	Songkhlanaia tamodienica Konopleva, Lheknim, Sriwoon, Kondakov, Vikhrev & Bolotov 2022	<html xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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            <p> Songkhlanaia tamodienica Konopleva, Lheknim, Sriwoon, Kondakov, Vikhrev &amp; Bolotov, 2023</p>
            <p>Figs 2 A, B, 5 A, Table 1</p>
            <p> Songkhlanaia tamodienica Konopleva et al., 2023: 14, fig. 2 c – h. Type Locality: “ Southern Thailand: Klong Plug Pom, middle reach of Klong Tamod, Songkhla Lake Basin, Ban Kok Sai, Tambon Mae Kree, Tamod District, Phatthalung Province, 7.3324 ° N, 100.0917 ° E ”. Bolotov et al. 2023: 12.</p>
            <p>Material examined.</p>
            <p>
                  Thailand – Phatthalung Province • 7 shells; Tamot District, Mae Khari Subdistrict, Songkhla Lake Basin,  
                <a title="Search Plazi for locations around (long 100.0873/lat 7.3302)" href="https://tb.plazi.org/GgServer/search?materialsCitation.longitude=100.0873&amp;materialsCitation.latitude=7.3302">Tamot Stream</a>
                 ; 7.3302 ° N, 100.0873 ° E; 17 May 2023; E. Jeratthitikul leg.; MUMNH - UNI 2956 to 2960, UNI 2971 to 2972  . 
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            <p>Diagnosis.</p>
            <p>Shell medium, rectangular, thin, rather compressed. Anteriorly constricted, dorsal margin straight, slightly elevated posteriorly. Posterior slope with two prominent folds. Umbo tiny, slightly elevated. Shell surface with fine irregular growth lines, roughened on posterior slope. Right valve with one smooth tubercular or triangular pseudocardinal tooth, left valve with somewhat lingula-shaped tooth. V-shaped furrow on posterior end of hinge structure weak, not prominent. Anterior adductor muscle scar shallow, somewhat drop-like, contiguous with anterior protractor muscle scar. Umbo cavity shallow.</p>
            <p>Differential diagnosis.</p>
            <p>This species can be distinguished from the other two congeners by its much smaller (about half size) and thin shell, rectangular shape, and rather compressed lateral profile. It can also be distinguished by 39 fixed nucleotide substitutions in the COI gene fragment (Table 3).</p>
            <p>Distribution.</p>
            <p>So far, known only from the type locality in Songkhla Lake Basin, southern Thailand (Fig. 3).</p>
            <p>Comments.</p>
            <p> Songkhlanaia tamodienica was described based on a single specimen. The holotype has a relatively small (shell length 44.2 mm), thin, lighter colored shell with shallow adductor muscle scar, and slightly elevated posterior wing (Konopleva et al. 2023: fig. 2 c – h). This specimen appeared to be small and young individual. Recently, we revisited the type locality and collected seven more specimens; two of these shells are larger in size and probably from fully grown specimens. They exhibit a thickened and inflated shell, rounded posterior end, dark periostracum, deep adductor muscle scar, and less pronounced posterior wing (Fig. 2 A). The largest specimen measured is 67.3 mm in shell length. In addition, the outer shell surface is sculpted by irregular growth lines, which are pronounced on the posterior slope and border of the shell (Fig. 2 A). This feature is present in younger specimens but is less prominent (Fig. 2 B). </p>
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	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/CFCEEF67CC9F5CE4A8B9B106AAACC3E3	Public Domain	No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.		Pensoft via Plazi	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai;Sutcharit, Chirasak;Prasankok, Pongpun	Jeratthitikul, Ekgachai, Sutcharit, Chirasak, Prasankok, Pongpun (2025): An integrative approach to a revision of the freshwater mussel genus Songkhlanaia (Bivalvia, Unionidae), with the description of a new species. ZooKeys 1224: 187-209, DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1224.140549
