taxonID	type	description	language	source
4C8E03093D455CEDA40738C10A2B8CB4.taxon	materials_examined	Material. Holotype. INPA-H 41300 (field number APL 19703; GenBank accession number MN 977837), an adult male from the RAPELD Jaci-Novo sampling site (09 ° 24 ' 45 " S, 64 ° 26 ' 33 " W; 117 m a. s. l.), flooded forest at the west bank of the Jaci-Parana River (east tributary of the upper Madeira River), municipality of Porto Velho, district of Jaci-Parana, state of Rondonia, Brazil, collected on 26 March 2013 by Albertina P. Lima. Paratopotypes. Five males: INPA-H 41302 (field number APL 19442), 41303 (field number APL 19443; GenBank accession number MN 977835), 41304 (field number APL 19444), 41305 (field number APL 19445; GenBank accession number MN 977836), and 41306 (field number APL 19446), collected on 15 February 2013 by Albertina P. Lima. Paratypes. Two males: INPA-H 41301 (field number APL 19419; GenBank accession number MN 977834) and 41307 (field number APL 19448), from the RAPELD Jaci-Direito sampling site (09 ° 27 ' 44 " S, 64 ° 23 ' 32 " W; 121 m a. s. l.), east bank of the Jaci-Parana River (an east tributary of the upper Madeira River), municipality of Porto Velho, district of Jaci-Parana, state of Rondonia, Brazil, collected on 14 and 15 February 2013, respectively, by Albertina P. Lima. Referred material. Three males: INPA-H 41308 (field number APL 16652) and 41309 (field number APL 16653), from the RAPELD Jirau-Direito sampling site (09 ° 21 ' 43 " S, 64 ° 41 ' 31 " W; 131 m a. s. l.), east bank of the upper Madeira River, municipality of Porto Velho, state of Rondonia, Brazil, collected on 20 January 2011 by Albertina P. Lima; and INPA-H 41310 (field number APL 16428), from the RAPELD Morrinhos sampling site (09 ° 04 ' 34 " S, 64 ° 14 ' 46 " W; 95 m a. s. l.), municipality of Porto Velho, state of Rondonia, Brazil, collected on 13 January 2011 by Albertina P. Lima.	en	Ferrao, Miqueias, Moravec, Jiri, Hanken, James, Lima, Albertina Pimentel (2020): A new species of Dendropsophus (Anura, Hylidae) from southwestern Amazonia with a green bilobate vocal sac. ZooKeys 942: 77-104, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864
4C8E03093D455CEDA40738C10A2B8CB4.taxon	diagnosis	Diagnosis. A species of the Dendropsophus microcephalus species group, distinguished from other species of Dendropsophus by the following combination of characters: (1) small size, SVL 18.8 - 20.8 mm (N = 8) in males (females unknown), head slightly wider than body; (2) snout short, truncate in dorsal and lateral views; (3) tympanum evident, round, about one third of eye diameter, tympanic annulus distinct anteriorly, ventrally and partly posteriorly; supratympanic fold barely evident; (4) dentigerous processes of vomers small, barely prominent, and separated medially between posterior halves of choanae; (5) skin on dorsal surfaces smooth; (6) tarsal fold and tubercles on outer edge of tarsus absent; ulnar folds and tubercles absent; (7) axillary membrane extensively developed; (8) fingers about half webbed; toes about three-fourths webbed; (9) bifid distal subarticular tubercle under fourth finger; (10) pectoral glands absent; (11) generally darker coloration of the loreal-tympanic region contrasts sharply with the lighter dorsal head coloration, one or two white spots below the eye; (12) in life, ground coloration of dorsum light brown; head greenish brown laterally; flanks ventrally and posteriorly a translucent pinkish white without chromatophores; hidden surfaces of thighs yellow without melanophores; (13) in life, throat green in males; belly yellowish-white in pectoral and central parts, translucent pinkish-white in posterior and lateral parts; ventral surfaces of thighs translucent pinkish white; (14) in life, iris pale to dark brown with barely visible tiny brown veins, iris periphery dark brown to black; bones white; (15) advertisement call consisting of 1 - 4 notes (usually 1 - 2 notes), emitted regularly in series of 7 - 35 calls; high-pitched, monophasic, pulsed notes (3 - 8 pulses) with a duration of 12 - 24 ms and a dominant frequency of 8,979 - 9,606 Hz.	en	Ferrao, Miqueias, Moravec, Jiri, Hanken, James, Lima, Albertina Pimentel (2020): A new species of Dendropsophus (Anura, Hylidae) from southwestern Amazonia with a green bilobate vocal sac. ZooKeys 942: 77-104, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864
4C8E03093D455CEDA40738C10A2B8CB4.taxon	description	Holotype description. INPA-H 41300. Adult male (Figs 3, 4 A, B), SVL 18.8 mm; body moderately robust; head slightly wider than long (HW / HL = 1.08); snout truncate in dorsal and lateral views; snout short, eye-nostril distance shorter than eye diameter (END / ED = 0.68); canthus rostralis rounded in dorsal and lateral views; loreal region slightly concave; internarial area slightly depressed; nostrils barely protuberant, directed dorsolaterally; interorbital area flat, slightly depressed in the central portion; interorbital distance equal 34 % of head width; eyes large, strongly protuberant, ED / TD = 3.30, ED / HL = 0.42; tympanic membrane small, round, clearly distinct, its diameter 30 % of eye diameter and 13 % of head length; tympanic annulus distinct ventrally and anteriorly; supratympanic fold barely evident, slightly obscuring the upper edge of the tympanum. Arms slender and not hypertrophied; ulnar tubercles and fold absent; axillary membrane reaches the second third of the upper arm; hand relatively long, about 30 % of SVL, approximately the same size as the forearm; fingers long, slender, bearing small discs; finger III twice as wide medialy than anteriorly; relative length of fingers I <II <IV <III; discs rounded on fingers; diameter of disc on finger III about the size of the tympanum; subarticular tubercles of fingers I and IV medium to large-sized, round, prominent, bifid in finger IV; subarticular tubercles of fingers II-III small, round, prominent; supernumerary tubercles barely evident; palmar tubercle small, flat, oval, barely evident proximally; prepollical tubercle large, flat, ovoid; nuptial pad white, glandular, covering the dorsolateral portion of the thumb but not reaching the ventral surface; webbing formula of fingers I 2 + - 2 II 11 / 2 - 22 / 3 III 2 - - 2 IV. Legs moderately long, slender (THL / SVL = 0.55; TL / SVL = 0.56); tibia slightly longer than thigh (TL / THL = 1.02); tarsal fold and tarsal tubercles absent; calcar tubercles absent; toes moderately long, bearing discs slightly smaller than those on fingers; toe IV length equals 60 % of foot length; relative length of toes I <II <III <V <IV; toes I, II and V slender; toes III and IV widened by elongated flat glandular structures on both sides, glandular structures forming a continuous elongated glandular patch along toe IV, small glandular aggregations present also on fingers II and V; discs rounded on toes; diameter of the disc on toe IV equals diameter of the disc on finger III; subarticular tubercles round, prominent, penultimate tubercle on toe V bifid; supernumerary tubercles on toes III-IV small, round, barely evident; inner metatarsal tubercle elliptical, flat; outer metatarsal tubercle barely distinct; webbing formula of toes I 1 + - 2 - II 1 + - 11 / 2 III 11 / 2 - 2 - IV 2 -- 1 + V. Skin on head, dorsum, dorsal surfaces of limbs and flanks smooth; vocal sac and ventral surfaces of arms smooth; belly smooth laterally, coarsely granular medially; lower surfaces of thighs and surroundings of cloaca slightly granular. Cloacal opening directed posteroventrally at midlevel of thigh, covered dorsally by a wide cloacal sheath. Choanae small, vertically oval; dentigerous processes of vomers small, three vomerine teeth present on the right process, absent on the left process. Tongue cordiform, posterior third not attached to the floor of the mouth. Vocal slits long, extending from the midlateral base of the tongue to the angle of the jaw; anterior part covered by the lateral margin of the tongue. Vocal sac bilobate, subgular (Figs 3 A, 4 A, C, D). In life (Fig. 4 A, B), the dorsum and dorsal surfaces of the limbs are light brown with an irregular pattern of yellow spots; the head has a large triangular yellow blotch that extends from the tip of the snout to the anterior interorbital region, including the anterior margin of the upper eyelids; the lateral sides of the head are greenish brown with two white horizontally elongate subocular spots on the left side and one elongate and one round white spot on the right side. The iris is pale to dark brown with barely visible tiny brown veins; its outer edge is brown to black. Proximal dorsal surfaces of fingers I-III are greenish white to yellowish white; the proximal dorsal surface of finger IV is brown; distal dorsal surfaces of the fingers are yellowish orange; nuptial pads are white. The upper part of the flanks is a light pinkish brown; the posterior part of the flanks and the groin are pinkish white. Hidden dorsal surfaces of the thighs are yellow. The vocal sac is green when deflated but translucent greenish white when inflated. The chest and belly are yellowish white medially but translucent pinkish white laterally and posteriorly. Ventral surfaces of arms and legs are translucent pinkish white; the anteroventral side of the thigh is yellow, the posteroventral side is pinkish white; palmar surfaces are greenish yellow; plantar surfaces are orange. Bones are white. In alcohol (Fig. 3), the head and dorsum are cream to brown with numerous tiny black melanophores and irregular white spots and blotches; dorsal surfaces of the limbs are light cream or translucent; ventral surfaces are translucent to cream, the chest and medial area of the belly are white. Bones are white. Holotype measurements (in mm): SVL, 18.8; HL, 6.1; HW, 6.6; EN, 1.7; ED, 2.5; IOD, 2.3; TD, 0.8; 3 FD, 0.8; 4 TD, 0.8; TL, 14.4; THL, 10.3; TAL, 5.6; FL, 14.1.	en	Ferrao, Miqueias, Moravec, Jiri, Hanken, James, Lima, Albertina Pimentel (2020): A new species of Dendropsophus (Anura, Hylidae) from southwestern Amazonia with a green bilobate vocal sac. ZooKeys 942: 77-104, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864
4C8E03093D455CEDA40738C10A2B8CB4.taxon	description	Call description. The advertisement call of Dendropsophus bilobatus (Fig. 6) consists of single- or multiple-note calls emitted regularly in series of 7 - 35 calls (19 + / - 9, N = 12). The most common arrangements are the single-note call (N = 181) and the two-note call (N = 58), while the rarest are the three-note (N = 1) and four-note calls (N = 1). Single-note calls have a call duration of 12 - 24 ms (8.2 + / - 3, N = 30), an inter-call interval of 483 - 1,284 ms (751 + / - 201, N = 30), and a call period of 503 - 1,302 ms (769 + / - 202, N = 30). Two-note calls have a call-duration of 155 - 199 ms (171 + / - 13, N = 22), an inter-call interval of 437 - 1,347 ms (816 + / - 196, N = 19), and a call period of 612 - 1,542 ms (985 + / - 198, n = 19). Notes in the two-note calls have a note duration of 12 - 22 ms (17 + / - 3, N = 44) and an inter-note interval of 126 - 165 ms (137 + / - 11, N = 22). The notes of both single- and multiple-note calls consist of 3 - 8 pulses (5 + / - 1, N = 74). Pulse duration is 1 - 2 ms (1.2 + / - 0.4, N = 30), inter-pulse intervals are 1 - 2 ms (1.5 + / - 0.4, N = 30). The high-pitched calls are emitted with a dominant frequency of 8,979 - 9,606 Hz (9,274 + / - 195, N = 52) and have a bandwidth of 7328 - 11517 Hz (N = 33).	en	Ferrao, Miqueias, Moravec, Jiri, Hanken, James, Lima, Albertina Pimentel (2020): A new species of Dendropsophus (Anura, Hylidae) from southwestern Amazonia with a green bilobate vocal sac. ZooKeys 942: 77-104, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864
4C8E03093D455CEDA40738C10A2B8CB4.taxon	distribution	Distribution and natural history. Our research team has sampled frogs at more than 150 permanent sampling sites distributed on both banks of the upper Madeira River and along the Purus-Madeira Interfluve. Yet, we have only observed Dendropsophus bilobatus in the lowland ombrophilous open forest on the east bank of the upper Madeira River. This area is close to the border between Brazil and Bolivia, and we expect that the new species also occurs in Bolivian lowland ombrophilous open forest, as do other anuran species that are known exclusively from the east bank of the upper Madeira River (e. g., Hydrolaetare caparu [Jansen, Gonzales-Alvarez & Koehler, 2007] and Hamptophryne alios [Wild, 1995]; Simoes et al. 2011, Ferrao et al. 2014). To date, specimens of Dendropsophus bilobatus have been observed only in the rainy season (early November to late March), which coincides with the species' breeding season. Calling males were observed in flooded areas connected to rivers of moderate (Jaci-Parana River) to large size (Madeira River). Males typically call in a large chorus while perched on leaves and tiny trunks that range in height from just a few centimeters above the water surface to ~ 2 m high. Males start calling in the crepuscule (~ 18: 00 hs) and call activity has been observed at least to approximately midnight. When call activity ends remains unknown. Amplexus has not been observed. Other sympatric frogs include Rhaebo guttatus (Schneider, 1799), Boana cinerascens (Spix, 1824), B. lanciformis (Cope, 1871), Scinax sp. 6 (sensu Ferrao et al. 2016) and an uncollected Scinax with an advertisement call that resembles that of S. garbei (Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926).	en	Ferrao, Miqueias, Moravec, Jiri, Hanken, James, Lima, Albertina Pimentel (2020): A new species of Dendropsophus (Anura, Hylidae) from southwestern Amazonia with a green bilobate vocal sac. ZooKeys 942: 77-104, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864
4C8E03093D455CEDA40738C10A2B8CB4.taxon	etymology	Etymology. The specific name bilobatus is derived from the Latin noun bilobate. The name refers to the characteristic bilobate shape of the vocal sac of males of the new species.	en	Ferrao, Miqueias, Moravec, Jiri, Hanken, James, Lima, Albertina Pimentel (2020): A new species of Dendropsophus (Anura, Hylidae) from southwestern Amazonia with a green bilobate vocal sac. ZooKeys 942: 77-104, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.942.51864
