taxonID	type	description	language	source
FB702025FFEBFFA0FF24A98B25385102.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: PORTUGAL • C 23481; 1 ♂; Madeira Island, Funchal, Santa Luzia; 32 ° 39 ’ 13.05 ” N, 16 ° 54 ’ 42.13 ” W; 60 m a. s. l.; 03. VII. 2015; M. Gouveia leg. • C 24782; 1 ♂; Madeira Island, Funchal, Sé; 32 ° 38 ’ 53.68 ” N, 16 ° 54 ’ 29.85 ” W; 28 m a. s. l.; 25. XII. 2022; G. Gomes leg. • ICLAM 05949; 1 ♀; Madeira Island, Funchal, indoors in Rua da Alfândega; 32.647435, - 16.908835; 23 m a. s. l.; 25. VIII. 2014; F. Aguiar leg. • cFA 794; 1 ♀, Madeira Island, Sítio da Ribeira; 14. X. 1993; F. Aguiar. leg. • MMF 50290; 1 ♂; Madeira Island, Funchal, indoors in Museu de História Natural do Funchal; 32.649580, - 16.912099; 40 m a. s. l.; 09. VIII. 2016; R. Paz leg. • MMF 50291; 1 ♂; Madeira Island, Funchal, indoors in Museu de História Natural do Funchal; 32.649580, - 16.912099; 40 m a. s. l.; 20. VIII. 2004; J. Silva leg. • MMF 50292; 1 ♀; Madeira Island, Funchal, indoors in Museu de História Natural do Funchal; 32.649580, - 16.912099; 40 m a. s. l.; 15. IX. 2005; J. Silva leg. • MMF 50293; 1 ♂; Madeira Island, Funchal, indoors in Museu de História Natural do Funchal; 32.649580, - 16.912099; 40 m a. s. l.; 14. VII. 2006; Y. Gonçalves leg. • MMF 50294; 1 ♂; Madeira Island, Funchal, Rua da Mouraria; 32.649314, - 16.913021; 38 m a. s. l.; 1. XI. 2005; Y. Gonçalves leg. • MMF 50295; 1 ♂; Madeira Island, Funchal, Rua da Mouraria; 32.649314, - 16.913021; 38 m a. s. l.; 19. VIII. 2021; C. Alves leg. • MMF 50296; 1 ♀; Madeira Island, Funchal, Rua dos Ferreiros; 32.650247, - 16.909043; 34 m a. s. l.; 2019; C. Matos leg. • MMF 24927; 1 ♀; Madeira Island, Funchal; 17. IX. 1991. • MMF 23390; 1 ♂; Madeira Island, Funchal, Rua Dr. Pita; 32.642892, - 16.925623; 80 m a. s. l.; 06. XII. 1982; A. Zino leg. SPAIN • cFA- 1775; 1 ♀; Canary Islands, Lanzarote, Puerto del Carmen; 09. VIII. 1998; F. Aguiar leg.	en	Silva, Hugo Miguel, Franquinho Aguiar, António M., Gonçalves, Ysabel Margarita, Gomes, Gonçalo, Aguín-Pombo, Dora (2025): A review of the ensign wasps (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Macaronesia. Zootaxa 5653 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6
FB702025FFEBFFA0FF24A98B25385102.taxon	description	Morphological features: Evania appendigaster is characterized by a black body (Fig. 1, a-g), a smooth and shiny face with sparse punctuation (Fig. 1 b), a smooth petiole (Fig. 1 g), a shiny gaster (Fig. 1 g), a band of very small hairs on each abdominal tergite and wings with seven closed cells (Fig. 1 f) (Cassar & Mifsud 2020). This species exhibits significant intraspecific variation, as highlighted by Fox et al. (2012) and Kazmi et al. (2022). Descriptions of this species have been done multiple times from material of various geographical regions. However, these descriptions often rely on limited and differing morphological characteristics, leading to challenges in accurate identification (Kazmi et al. 2022). The variation in color pattern has also been a contributing factor to misidentifications, with some of these color morphs incorrectly treated as separate species. Additionally, the presence of sexual dimorphism further complicates the identification process. Sexual dimorphism is observed in various features, including antennal morphology, body coloration, facial features, and metasomal structure (Deans 2005).	en	Silva, Hugo Miguel, Franquinho Aguiar, António M., Gonçalves, Ysabel Margarita, Gomes, Gonçalo, Aguín-Pombo, Dora (2025): A review of the ensign wasps (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Macaronesia. Zootaxa 5653 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6
FB702025FFEBFFA0FF24A98B25385102.taxon	distribution	Distribution notes: Evania appendigaster exhibits a wide distribution, covering all biogeographic regions except polar areas. Its presence is documented across various continents, including Australia, Asia (excluding Eastern Russia), Africa, the Americas, and Europe. In Europe, this species is found from Greece and Turkey to Sweden (Deans 2005). Within Macaronesia, it stands as the most frequently recorded species (Fig. 3). The Biota platform (Gobierno de Canarias 2025) indicates the widespread occurrence of this species in all the Canary Islands, with the highest number of records on Gran Canaria (21 records) (Table 1, Fig. 3). In the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF 2025), there are 109 records from the Canary Islands, with the first record dating back to 2001. Furthermore, it includes five recent records for Madeira Island, one in October 2022, two in May and October 2023, and two in February and March 2024. Additionally, it reports four records from the Cape Verde Archipelago in 2022 and 2024, from the islands of São Vicente (one records), Sal (two records), and Santiago (one record).	en	Silva, Hugo Miguel, Franquinho Aguiar, António M., Gonçalves, Ysabel Margarita, Gomes, Gonçalo, Aguín-Pombo, Dora (2025): A review of the ensign wasps (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Macaronesia. Zootaxa 5653 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6
FB702025FFEBFFA0FF24A98B25385102.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology notes: Evania appendigaster inhabits predominantly in urban environments, where its preferred hosts Periplaneta spp. are present (Stange 1978, Fox & Bressan-Nascimento 2006). In Madeira, the American cockroach, Periplaneta americana (Linnaeus, 1758), is particularly common, but Blatta orientalis (Linnaeus, 1758) is also present (Table 2).	en	Silva, Hugo Miguel, Franquinho Aguiar, António M., Gonçalves, Ysabel Margarita, Gomes, Gonçalo, Aguín-Pombo, Dora (2025): A review of the ensign wasps (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Macaronesia. Zootaxa 5653 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6
FB702025FFEFFFA1FF24A875259B5450.taxon	materials_examined	Material studied: PORTUGAL • ICLAM 05947; 1 ♀; Madeira Island, Santana, Achada do Gramacho; 32.824329, - 16.885678; 270 m a. s. l; 14. VIII. 2015; C. Brazão leg.; On: yellow sticky-trap on vineyard • ICLAM 05948; 1 ♀; Madeira Island, Santana, Achada do Gramacho; 32.824329, - 16.885678; 270 m a. s. l; 14. VIII. 2015; C. Brazão leg.; On: yellow sticky-trap on vineyard.	en	Silva, Hugo Miguel, Franquinho Aguiar, António M., Gonçalves, Ysabel Margarita, Gomes, Gonçalo, Aguín-Pombo, Dora (2025): A review of the ensign wasps (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Macaronesia. Zootaxa 5653 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6
FB702025FFEFFFA1FF24A875259B5450.taxon	description	Morphological features: Zeuxevania splendidula is distinguished by its black body (Fig. 2 a-e) while the tibiae and tarsi (Fig. 2 h), and sections of the antennae (Fig. 2 a-c) show an oxblood color (Cassar & Mifsud 2020). The face exhibits noticeable punctuation (Fig. 2 a-c), except for the clypeus. The petiole displays heavy punctuation (Fig. 2 g).	en	Silva, Hugo Miguel, Franquinho Aguiar, António M., Gonçalves, Ysabel Margarita, Gomes, Gonçalo, Aguín-Pombo, Dora (2025): A review of the ensign wasps (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Macaronesia. Zootaxa 5653 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6
FB702025FFEFFFA1FF24A875259B5450.taxon	distribution	Distribution notes: This species is presumed to be of Mediterranean origin. It has been reported from southern European countries, including France, Italy, Croatia, Spain, Portugal, and Greece (Žikic et al. 2016, Cassar & Mifsud 2020), and extends its presence to North Africa, including Egypt and Tunisia. However, its habitat extends beyond the Mediterranean, as it is known to inhabit tropical and southern African regions such as Congo, Madagascar, Mozambique, and Tanzania (Deans 2005). Additional records indicate its occurrence in China, where it is possibly a recent introduction (Li & Xu 2017).	en	Silva, Hugo Miguel, Franquinho Aguiar, António M., Gonçalves, Ysabel Margarita, Gomes, Gonçalo, Aguín-Pombo, Dora (2025): A review of the ensign wasps (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Macaronesia. Zootaxa 5653 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6
FB702025FFEFFFA1FF24A875259B5450.taxon	biology_ecology	Biology notes: It is found in areas characterized by abundant leaf litter and dead wood bark (de la Cuesta-Santiago & Zaragoza 2017), although it is not very commonly observed (del Castillo 1983, Žikic et al. 2016). The species is reported to be a parasite of Loboptera decipiens (Germar, 1817), a species present in all the islands of the Madeira Archipelago (Table 2).	en	Silva, Hugo Miguel, Franquinho Aguiar, António M., Gonçalves, Ysabel Margarita, Gomes, Gonçalo, Aguín-Pombo, Dora (2025): A review of the ensign wasps (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Macaronesia. Zootaxa 5653 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6
FB702025FFE1FFAEFF24ADD721FF52F8.taxon	discussion	The identification key is for adults and includes the genus Brachygaster, although it is not present in Macaronesia.	en	Silva, Hugo Miguel, Franquinho Aguiar, António M., Gonçalves, Ysabel Margarita, Gomes, Gonçalo, Aguín-Pombo, Dora (2025): A review of the ensign wasps (Hymenoptera: Evaniidae) from Macaronesia. Zootaxa 5653 (2): 263-274, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6, URL: https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5653.2.6
