1.1. Neurolaena ser. Neurolaena .

Type species:— Neurolaena lobata (Linnaeus 1753: 862) Cassini (1825: 502) (Figs. 1, 2, 3).

Diagnosis: —Cylindrical involucre and generally smaller morphological structures in comparison with Neurolaena ser. Macrocephalae, such as involucres 2.75–10 × 2.9–9 mm, longer than wider, sometimes as long as wide, rarely wider, paleae 4.9–6.5 mm long, disc corolla 4.3–6 mm long, and pappus bristles 2.4–6 mm long.

Geographic distribution: —From Mexico through Central America to South America in the Guyanas and the Andes, from Colombia and Venezuela to Bolivia: Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, Suriname, Venezuela, and in the Caribbean Islands: American Virgin Islands, Antigua and Barbuda, Anguilla, Bahamas, Barbados, British Virgin Islands, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Grenada, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Jamaica, Martinique, Montserrat, Puerto Rico, Saba, Santa Lucia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Vincent and Grenadines, Trinidad and Tobago, and Turks and Caicos Islands (Figs. 1, 2, 3).