Genus Paraputo Laing, 1929

Paraputo Laing, 1929: 473 . Type species: Paraputo ritchiei Laing by original designation (= Ripersia anomala Newstead, 1908, now called Paraputo anomalus (Newstead)) .

Cataenococcus Ferris, 1955: 3 . Type species: Dactylopius olivaceus Cockerell, by original designation. Tang 1992: 304.

Lachnodiopsis Borchsenius, 1960: 923 . Type species: Lachnodiopsis szemaoensis Borchsenius by original designation. Williams 2004: 484.

Lomatococcus Borchsenius, 1960: 920 . Type species: Lomatococcus ficiphilus Borchsenius by original designation. Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin 2015: 27.

Anaparaputo Borchsenius, 1962: 224 . Type species: Anaparaputo liui Borchsenius by original designation. Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin 2015: 27.

Generic diagnosis (adapted from Williams 2004). Body of adult female broadly oval to rotund, membranous. Antennae each 6 to 8 segmented. Legs well developed, stout, tibia + tarsus usually shorter than trochanter + femur; translucent pores normally present on hind coxae, sometimes also on hind femur and tibia; claw stout, without a denticle. Labium often longer than clypeolabral shield. Anal ring generally situated on dorsum, at least its own length from apex of abdomen, bearing 6 or multiple setae. Circulus present or absent. Cerarii numbering 5–18 pairs; cerarii on posterior abdominal segments (including anal lobe cerarii) usually each containing multiple conical setae and trilocular pores; sometimes intermediate cerarii or intermediate conical setae present, merging cerarii to form a continuous row of conical setae. Ostioles well developed, with inner edges of lips sclerotized. Multilocular disc pores usually present, rarely absent. Eyes present. Spiracles large and conspicuous. Oral collar tubular ducts present, usually of 1 size only but sometimes of 2 or 3 different sizes, present across medial area of venter and sometimes in marginal groups on abdomen, also sometimes between antennal bases; present or absent from between anal lobes. Anal lobes ventrally membranous or with various degrees of sclerotization, never with an anal lobe bar. Dorsal setae usually minute and stiff, ventral surface usually with normal flagellate setae.

Remarks. The genus Paraputo is morphologically similar to Formicococcus Takahashi, 1928 in having the body broadly oval to rotund, anal ring bearing 6 or multiple setae, and anal lobe cerarii each bearing 2 or more cerarian setae. Williams (2004), Zhang & Wu (2017) and Zhang & Wu (2022) used the presence or absence of an anal lobe bar to separate Paraputo from Formicococcus (with the bar being absent in Paraputo). However, Danzig & Gavrilov-Zimin (2015) considered that the anal lobe bar was a character subject to species-level variation, and separated Paraputo and Formicococcus based on the number of setae on the anal ring. Herein, we use the absence of an anal lobe bar to distinguish Paraputo from Formicococcus .