Echinothrix calamaris (Pallas, 1774)

Fig. 29 A–C.

Echinothrix calamaris: Mortensen, 1904: 30 –32. Pl. III, Figs 5, 13, 17, 21, 30. Pl. IV, Figs 3, 11; H.L. Clark, 1923: 373; H.L. Clark, 1925a: 44 –45; Clark & Courtman-Stock, 1976: 226; Richmond, 1997: 296; Samyn, 2003: 203, Fig. 3 B; Branch et al., 2010: 236, Fig. 106.4; Schultz, 2010: 108, Fig. 193–194.

Material examined. MBC-A077783; MBC-A077784; MBC-A077786; MBC-A077781; MBC-A 022217.

Identification. Test with green, naked areas aborally; anal cone large, with spots. Primary tubercles in two series, Four to six secondary tubercles present in interporiferous zones. Spines variable in color, banded black and white, uniformly black or white, sometimes with greenish bands; test greenish, interambulacra lighter; cleaned test brown with green tints.

Global maximum size. Maximum test size 160 mm.

Global distribution. Red Sea and East Africa, East coast of South Africa to Malayan Archipelago, from South Japan to North Australia and South Sea Islands; 50 m (Clark & Courtman-Stock 1976; Schlutz 2010).

Remarks. Specimens identified through this study show that species may inhabit waters of 50 m deeper than previously known. Echinothrix calamaris differ from the two Diadema species in its spotted anal cone and presence of secondary tubercles in interporiferous zone.