Polynema howardii (Ashmead, 1887)

Cosmocoma elegans Howard, 1881: 371 . Holotype? ♀ (USNM?). TL: USA, California, Santa Rosa. Cresson, 1887: 250 (catalogue); King, 1900: 84 (host, distribution).

C osmocoma Howardii Ashmead, 1887: 194 (replacement name for C. elegans Howard, not Foerster, 1841); Dalla Torre, 1890: 97 (replacement name for C. elegans again proposed, preoccupied by Ashmead, 1887).

Cosmocoma howardii: Dalla Torre, 1890: 425 (catalogue); Gillette & Baker, 1895: 66 (host, distribution).

Polynema elegans: Dalla Torre, 1898: 425 (generic transfer, catalogue) [P].

Polynema Howardi [sic]: Schmiedeknecht, 1909: 497 (catalogue).

Polynema howardii: Dalla Torre, 1898: 425 (catalogue); Ashmead, 1900b: 562 (list, distribution); Viereck, 1910: 637 (distribution); Girault, 1911 [72]: 14 (mention), 18 (diagnosis); Girault, 1911 [94]: 358 (contrast with P. aspidioti); Girault, 1911 [95]: 367 (contrast with P. striaticorne); Girault, 1911 [96]: 302 (misidentified), 319 (key); Girault, 1929 [428]: 19 (key); Peck, 1951: 417 (catalogue); Peck, 1963: 45 (catalogue); Yoshimoto, 1990: 83 (list).

Polynema howardi [sic]: Viereck, 1916: 446 (description, host [error?]); Essig, 1929: 817 (host correction, distribution); Essig, 1931: 542, 664 (list); Burks, 1979: 1032 (catalogue).

Nearctic hosts. Membracidae: Ceresa bubalus (Fabricius) . Distribution. USA: CA, CO, DC, NJ.