Genus Sphegina Meigen, 1822

Key to the Oriental species of Sphegina

1. Sternum I quadratic to oval in shape, pilose; postmetacoxal bridge narrow, arcuate or with large dorso-medial subtriangular incision. (Subgenus Sphegina Meigen, 1822) ..................................... 2

– Sternum I narrow lanceolate, several times as long as wide or membranous, non-pilose; postmetacoxal bridge wide, its dorsal margin almost straight, at most with small subtriangular medial incision. (Subgenus Asiosphegina Stackelberg, 1974) ................................................................................... 7

2. Scutellum with 4 long setae at posterior margin; occiput on postero-lateral side of ocellar triangle with very long and strong black pile (Fig. 3E) .......................... S. (S.) quadriseta Huo & Ren, 2006

– Scutellum with 2 long setae at posterior margin; pile on occiput rather short, of even length throughout (Fig. 3C) ...................................................................................................................................... 3

3. Tergum III black, with yellow anterior fascia ........................................... S. (S.) guptai Mutin, 1998

– Tergum III entirely dark brown to black ........................................................................................... 4

4. Terga of nearly uniform width, only slightly widening towards posterior end of tergum IV; frontal prominence rather strongly protruding (Fig. 3C) ............................................................................. 5

– Terga widening from posterior end of tergum II towards posterior end of tergum III, then narrowing towards posterior end of tergum IV; frontal prominence very strongly protruding ......................... 6

5. Ventral part of face yellow, dorsal part greyish-black; metatibia of nearly uniform width throughout (Fig. 19A); genitalia, Fig. 1 B–D ................................................................ S. (S.) abbreviata sp. nov.

– Face entirely yellow (Fig. 3C); metatibia clearly widened at apical 1/5, club shaped (Fig. 19B); genitalia, Fig. 4 B–D .................................................................................... S. (S.) angustata sp. nov.

6. Dorsal line of frontal prominence in profile straight, ending just before the ocellar triangle; mouth edge strongly projecting, vibrissal angle more strongly protruding than the frontal prominence ........................................................ S. (S.) uncinata Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Dorsal line of frontal prominence in profile convex, ending clearly before the ocellar triangle; mouth edge less strongly projecting, vibrissal angle equally or less protruding than the frontal prominence ................................................................................... S. (S.) kumaoniensis Mutin, 1998

7. Tergum I with a horizontal row of 2–4 strong black to yellow setae at lateral margin (e.g., Figs 13 B– C, E, 47B–C, F), in some specimens only one seta is present .......................................................... 8

– Tergum I with an oblique, sometimes almost transverse row of 3–5 dark brown to light yellow setae or seta-like pile deviating from the other vestiture on the posterolateral part (e.g., Figs 13A, D, 47A, D–E) or without marginal seta-like pile ......................................................................................... 62

8. Sternum IV posteriorly with conspicuous long or short, often dark brown to black, setae in an asymmetrical pattern, deviating strongly from other vestiture (e.g., Figs 16A, 17A, 27A, 37B, 42B); surstyli strongly asymmetric (e.g., Figs 16A, 27C, E, 37C, E), in exceptional cases almost symmetrical (e.g., Fig. 42C, E) ......................................................................................................... 9

– Sternum IV posteriorly at most with groups of longer light yellow seta-like pile in a symmetrical pattern, deviating only slightly from other vestiture, (e.g., Figs 7A, 8A, 12A, 14A, 18A); surstyli almost symmetrical (e.g., Figs 7B, D, 8B, D, 12B, D, 14B, D, 18 B–C) ........................................ 34

9. Wing with infuscate pattern at transverse veins and apex (e.g., Figs 10E, 15D, F) ....................... 10

– Wing hyaline, without infuscate pattern (e.g., Figs 15A, 28C, 35C) .............................................. 17

10. Sternum I with 2–3 black setae at lateral margin, placed posteriorly (Fig. 13B); metafemur with 1–3 long sub-apical setae antero-dorsally (sometimes these setae are broken off and the sockets may be very hard to see) (Figs 52A, 72 E–F); wing vein R 2+3 subapically without an appendix (e.g., Figs 10E, 41E, 50B) .........................................................................................................................................11

– Sternum I with 2 black setae at lateral margin which are very widely separated, one placed anteriorly the other posteriorly (Fig. 13C); metafemur without long sub-apical setae antero-dorsally (Fig. 33A); wing vein R

2+3

with a subapical appendix (e.g., Figs 15F, 23B, 25D) ............................................ 15

11. Metatrochanter with dark brown transverse carina (as in Fig. 72A) .............................................. 12

– Metatrochanter simple, without dark brown transverse carina (Figs 52B, 72E) ............................ 14

12. Sternum IV posteriorly with 8 very long and strong setae on left side, grouped in two separate groups, the most lateral 3 setae clearly stronger than the 5 more medial ones (Fig. 42B); genitalia, Fig. 42 C–F ................................................................................................ S. (A.) hansoni Thompson

– Sternum IV posteriorly with 2 or 3 long and strong setae on left side (Fig. 71B) .......................... 13

13. Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with 2 very long and strong and several very small black setae ................................................................... S. (A.) carinata Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with 3 rather long and strong and several small black setae (Fig. 71B); genitalia, Fig. 71 C–E .................................................................... S. (A.) ornata sp. nov.

14. Sternum IV with strong posterior setae on left side only slightly longer than those on right side; sternum VII with a long finger-like process anteriorly and a wide conical tubercle posteriorly ............................................................... S. (A.) index Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Sternum IV with strong posterior setae on left side much longer and stronger than on right side (Fig. 16A); sternum VII with a large conical and setose tubercle medially (Fig. 16B); genitalia, Fig. 16 C–E ....................................................................................... S. (A.) bispinosa Brunetti, 1915

15. Wing with crossvein between R 1 and R 2+3 (Fig. 41F); scutellum subtriangular with marginal setae short, about as long as length of scutellum; genitalia, Fig. 44 B–D ............... S. (A.) hauseri sp. nov.

– Wing without crossvein between R 1 and R 2+3 (Figs 15F, 23B, 25D); scutellum subtriangular to slightly semicircular, with marginal setae long, almost twice as long as scutellum (Fig. 13C) ..... 16

16. Metafemur black with basal ¼– ⅓ yellow; scutellum subtriangular, light to dark brown .................. ....................................................................... S. (A.) crassispina Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Metafemur black with basal ½ yellow; scutellum semi-circular, black; genitalia, Fig. 20 C–E ......... ...................................................................................................................... S. (A.) clavigera sp. nov.

17. Metatrochanter with dark brown transverse carina (Fig. 72A); sternum VII with a finger-like process anteriorly and a conical tubercle more posteriorly ............................................................................. ............................................................................ S. (A.) malaisei Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Metatrochanter simple, without carina (e.g., Figs 33 F–G, 95B); sternum VII without modifications (e.g., Fig. 40A), with conical tubercle anteriorly (e.g., Figs 17B, 37A, 80A) or if with long fingerlike process then without additional conical tubercle (e.g., Figs 27B, 85A) .................................. 18

18. Metafemur with 1–3 long sub-apical setae on antero-dorsal surface (Fig. 33G) ........................... 19

– Metafemur without long sub-apical setae on antero-dorsal surface ............................................... 21

19. Sternum IV posteriorly with 4 evenly long black setae on left side (Fig. 37B); tubercle on sternum VII with normal pile and seta-like pile (Fig. 37A); genitalia, Fig. 37 C–E ......................................... ...................................................................................................................... S. (A.) gigantea sp. nov.

– Sternum IV posteriorly with 5 long setae on left side, gradually diminishing in length towards medial line or with 3 very long black setae; tubercle on tergum VII with normal pile only ...................... 20

20. Pro- and mesofemur yellow, metafemur yellow on basal ¼– ⅓; vein dm-cu strongly oblique and clearly narrower than other nearby veins; tergum I with 3 black setae at lateral margin; tergum III with anterior ¼ yellow; sternum IV posteriorly on left side with 5 long setae, gradually diminishing in length towards medial line .................................. S. (A.) gigas Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Pro- and mesofemur black, metafemur black except narrowly yellow at base; vein dm-cu slightly oblique, as wide as other nearby veins; tergum I with 2 black setae at lateral margin; tergum III with anterior ⅓ yellow; sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with 3 very long black setae and some very short ones more medially .................................... S. (A.) trispina Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

21. Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with 2–4 longer setae set apart from other setae and setulae (e.g., Figs 17A, 27A, 80B) .............................................................................................................. 22

– Sternum IV posteriorly with variable shorter and stronger setulae, without very long setae to the left only (Figs 40A, 57 A–C, 58A) ........................................................................................................ 29

22. Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with about 4 strong black setae, only slightly longer than other setae on left side, the second seta from left is clearly longer and stronger than the fine ones (Figs 80B, 81B); sternum VII with long setose rounded tubercle (Figs 80A, 81A); genitalia, Figs 80 C–E, 81C– E ........................................................................................................................ S. (A.) setosa sp. nov.

– Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with 2 or 3 long setae, clearly longer than the fine setae (e.g., Figs 17A, 27A, 85B); sternum VII with conical tubercle without long setae (e.g., Figs 17B, 96A) or with elongate and apically bent finger-like tubercle (Figs 27B, 85A) ............................................ 23

23. Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with 2 longer setae set apart from other setae and setulae (e.g., Figs 17A, 85B); metafemur black and yellow biannulate ..................................................... 24

– Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with 3 longer setae set apart from other setae and setulae (Figs 27A, 96B); metafemur bicoloured or biannulate ................................................................... 27

24. Frons with rectangular light grey pollinose vitta along eye-margin (Fig. 88B); sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with the 2 lateral most strong setae twice as long as the more medial ones on the left side (Fig. 85B); sternum VII short pilose, with elongate finger-like process with curved apex (Fig. 85A); ventral lobe of right surstylus simple (Fig. 85 C–E) .................. S. (A.) spenceri sp. nov.

– Frons with subtriangular light grey pollinose macula at eye-margin (Figs 21G, 88L); sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with the 2 lateral most strong setae very long, more than 5 times as long as the other setae (Figs 17A, 34B, 98A); sternum VII with a large rounded conical process with a sharp apical projection (Figs 17B, 34A, 98B); ventral lobe of right surstylus bifid (Figs 17 C–E, 34C–E, 98C–G) ........................................................................................................................................... 25

25. Genitalia, Fig. 98 C–G: superior lobe on the right side with the longer one of the postero-ventral sublobes long, as long as the main part of superior lobe ...................... S. (A.) vietnamensis sp. nov.

– Genitalia, Figs 17 C–E, 34C–E: superior lobe on right side with the longer one of the posteroventral sublobes short, much shorter than the main part of superior lobe .................................................. 26

26. Genitalia, Fig. 17 C–E: superior lobe on the left side with the more anterior one of the postero-ventral sublobes large, several times as long as basally wide, curved, the more posterior one of the sublobes scarcely observable ......................................................................................... S. (A.) bracon sp. nov.

– Genitalia, Fig. 34 C–E: superior lobe on the left side with the more anterior one of the postero-ventral sublobes small, ca twice as long as basally wide, slightly angled, the more posterior one of the sublobes large ............................................................................................. S. (A.) furcillata sp. nov.

27. Metafemur black and yellow biannulate; postpronotum yellow; genitalia, Fig. 27 C–E .................... ....................................................................................................................... S. (A.) distincta sp. nov.

– Metafemur yellow on basal ¼–1/6 and black apically; postpronotum black ................................... 28

28. Surstyli almost symmetrical (Fig. 96C, E); mesofemur yellow; tergum III with anterior light yellow fascia (Fig. 97D); sternum IV with the longest strong setae longer than the width of sternum (Fig. 96B); genitalia, Fig. 96 C–E .............................................................. S. (A.) verrucosa sp. nov.

– Surstyli asymmetrical; mesofemur dark brown; tergum III with sub-anterior light yellow fascia; sternum IV with the longest strong setae less than half of the width of sternum ............................................................. S. (A.) trichaeta Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

29. Frons black, shiny except for a small elongate densely grey-pollinose macula anterolaterally (Fig. 54H); postpronotum yellow; genitalia, Fig. 58 B–D ............................... S. (A.) lucida sp. nov.

– Frons black, mainly slightly grey-pollinose with subtriangular densely grey-pollinose macula anterolaterally (Fig. 38I); postpronotum black; genitalia, Figs 40 B–D, 57D–G ............................ 30

30. Protarsus entirely black; sternum IV with posterior marginal area almost symmetrical, with symmetrical patches of long strong brown setae at posterolateral corner, the setae pale (Fig. 40A); genitalia, Fig. 40 B–D .................................................................................. S. (A.) hamulata sp. nov.

– Protarsus yellow, with tarsomeres 4 and 5 dark brown to black; sternum IV with posterior marginal area asymmetrical, with asymmetrically placed strong setae or patches of strong setae, the setae at least partly black (e.g., Fig. 57 A–C) ............................................................................................... 31

31. Scutellar marginal setae rather narrowly separated, distance between setae: length of scutellum 1: 1.4–2.0; genitalia, Fig. 57 D–G ..................................................................... S. (A.) lobulata sp. nov.

– Scutellar marginal setae very widely separated, distance between setae: length of scutellum 1: 0.9– 1.1 ................................................................................................................................................... 32

32. Gena brown; metafemur with black setulae on yellow basal part; mesofemur dark brown to brown .................................................................... S. (A.) radula Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Gena yellow; metafemur with or without black setulae on yellow basal part; mesofemur brownyellow to yellow ............................................................................................................................. 33

33. Mesofemur entirely yellow; vein dm-cu slightly oblique to vein M, as wide as other nearby veins, vein CuA 1 extending beyond dm-cu; metafemur with black setulae in yellow basal part .................................................................. S. (A.) raduloides Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Mesofemur dark brown; vein dm-cu strongly oblique and clearly narrower than other nearby veins, vein CuA 1 not extending beyond dm-cu; metafemur without black setulae in yellow basal part .................................................................. S. (A.) subradula Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

34. Metafemur black on apical ½ or more, yellow on basal part, or nearly entirely black; metatibia with large rounded apicoventral dens (e.g., Figs 19F, 33E, 52C); scutum entirely but weakly greypollinose .......................................................................................................................................... 35

– Metafemur black and yellow biannulate, or femur predominantly yellow; metatibia without apicoventral dens (e.g., Figs 19D, 33B), if with large rounded dens (Fig. 52F) then scutum with clear pollinose pattern ..................................................................................................................... 43

35. Scutellum semi-circular; sternum IV posteriorly on left side or medially with small lobe (Figs 36A, 78C) ................................................................................................................................................ 36

– Scutellum sub-rectangular; sternum IV posteriorly on left side with large lobe (e.g., Figs 8A, 14A, 22B, 49A) ....................................................................................................................................... 37

36. Vertex narrow, width of head about 6 times as wide as vertex (Fig. 38F); scutellum entirely grey pollinose; postpronotum yellow; sternum IV with weak postero-medial lobe (Fig. 36A); genitalia, Fig. 36 B–D ....................................................................................................... S. (A.) ghatsi sp. nov.

– Vertex wide, head 4.5 times as wide as vertex (Fig. 84I); scutellum non-pollinose and shiny medially; postpronotum black; sternum IV posteriorly with short, rounded lobe on the left side (Fig. 78C); genitalia, Fig. 78 A–B, D–F ............................................................................. S. (A.) prolixa sp. nov.

37. Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with a wide bifid lobe (Figs 14A, 22B 49A) .................... 38

– Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with a narrow simple lobe (e.g., Figs 8A, 48B) ............... 40

38. Vein dm-cu perpendicular to vein M; the bifid lobe posteriorly on sternum IV with both sublobes approximately equal in size (Fig. 14A); genitalia, Fig. 14 B–D ........................ S. (A.) bifida sp. nov.

– Vein dm-cu oblique to vein M; the bifid lobe posteriorly on sternum IV with the left side sublobe much narrower than the right side one (Figs 22B, 49A) ................................................................ 39

39. The sublobes of the bifid lobe posteriorly on sternum IV separated by a deep cleft (Fig. 49A); genitalia, Fig. 49 B–D: dorsal and ventral lobe of surstylus posteriorly weakly separated ..................................................................................................... S. (A.) inventum sp. nov.

– The sublobes of the bifid lobe posteriorly on sternum IV separated by a shallow notch (Fig. 22B); genitalia, Fig. 22 C–F: dorsal and ventral lobe of surstylus posteriorly separated by a deep notch ............................................................................................................. S. (A.) collicola sp. nov.

40. Postalar callus white to yellow; scutellum sub-rectangular; lobe posteriorly on sternum IV anteriorly narrow, rather straight and directed posteriorly (Fig. 83A); surstyli symmetrical, left surstylus not inflated, genitalia Fig. 83 B–D ................................................................... S. (A.) spathigera sp. nov.

– Postalar callus black; scutellum semi-circular; lobe posteriorly on sternum IV anteriorly wide and curved laterally (Figs 8A, 48 A–B, 74A); surstyli asymmetrical, left surstylus strongly inflated, genitalia Figs 8 B–D, 48C–D, 74B–F .............................................................................................. 41

41. Postpronotum black; wing hyaline; genitalia, Fig. 8 B–D ........................ S. (A.) amplistylus sp. nov.

– Postpronotum yellow; wing with weak infuscate pattern; genitalia Figs 48 C–D, 74B–F .............. 42

42. Wing infuscated at junction of veins R 2+3 and R 4+5 and along vein M 1; genitalia, Fig. 74 B– F .................................................................................................. S. (A.) philippina Thompson, 1999

– Wing only infuscated at junction of veins R 2+3 and R 4+5; genitalia, Fig. 48 C–D ................................ .......................................................................................................................... S. (A.) inflata sp. nov.

43. Wing brownish, without darker infuscated pattern; vein dm-cu meeting vein M obliquely ............... ............................................................................... S. (A.) falcata Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Wing hyaline, infuscated apically and at cross-veins; vein dm-cu meeting vein M perpendicularly ......................................................................................................................................................... 44

44. Wing vein R with more or less developed subapical appendix (e.g., Figs 6C, 23E, 35B) .......... 45

2+3

– Wing vein R without subapical appendix (e.g., Figs 15B, 41C, 45A) ........................................ 50

2+

3

45. Wing without extra crossvein between veins R 1 and R 2+3, at most with a short appendix from vein R 2+3 into cell r 1 (Fig. 35 A–B); metafemur evenly curved and with many black setulae on basal yellow part (Fig. 33D) ................................................... S. (A.) forficata Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Wing with extra crossvein between R 1 and R 2+3 (e.g., Figs 6C, 23E); metafemur straight, without black setulae on basal yellow part (e.g., Fig. 33B) ......................................................................... 46

46. Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with a small subtriangular lobe (Figs 7A, 55A), if very small and indistinct then several black tooth-like setulae present on posterior part of sternum (Fig. 87A); genitalia: surstyli with clearly differentiated ventral lobe (Figs 7B, D, 55B, D, 87B, D) .............. 47

– Sternum IV posteriorly concave, without lobe, without black setulae on posterior part; genitalia: surstyli with hardly differentiated ventral lobe ............................................................................... 49

47. Face and mouth edge black; scutellum medially non-pollinose and shiny; sternum IV with yellowish pile and several black setulae on posterior part (Fig. 87A); genitalia, Fig. 87 B–D ........................... ..................................................................................................................... S. (A.) strigillata sp. nov.

– Face black, ventral half and mouth edge yellow to dark yellow; scutellum entirely grey pollinose but medially sub-shiny; sternum IV only with light yellow to brown pile ........................................... 48

48. Eye with an area of enlarged facets at anterior margin; pro- and mesotarsus with tarsomeres 2–5 dark brown to black; mesofemur and tibia partly dark brown to black; sternum IV posteriorly with a subtriangular lobe on the left side (Fig. 7A); genitalia, Fig. 7 B–D .......... S. (A.) albolobata sp. nov.

– Eye without enlarged facets at anterior margin; pro- and mesotarsus with tarsomeres 3–5 dark brown to black; mesofemur and tibia entirely yellow; sternum IV posteriorly with a subtriangular lobe medially (Fig. 55A); genitalia, Fig. 55 B–D ...................................................... S. (A.) licina sp. nov.

49. Metafemur enlarged, slightly curved basally (Fig. 33B); tergum I with 3 strong setae at lateral margin (Fig. 13E) ......................................................... S. (A.) crucivena Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Metafemur only slightly enlarged, club shaped; tergum I with 1–2 strong setae at lateral margin (Fig. 77A) ........................................................... S. (A.) mirifica Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

50. Basoflagellomere elongate, 1.5 times as long as high; frontal prominence protruding (e.g., Figs 38H, 54E, 84C); postpronotum yellow to light-brown ............................................................................ 51

– Basoflagellomere short, 1.1–1.3 times as long as high; frontal prominence at most slightly protruding; postpronotum dark brown to black ................................................................................................. 58

51. Scutum with very obvious pollinose pattern with more and less heavy pollinosity; metafemur strongly incrassate (Fig. 52F); crossvein dm-cu meeting vein M slightly obliquely; sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with a short and wide spoon-shaped lobe (Fig. 53 A–B); genitalia, Fig. 53 C–F ................................................................................................. S. (A.) karnataka sp. nov.

– Scutum nearly entirely and evenly pollinose; metafemur slightly incrassate (e.g., Fig. 41C); crossvein dm-cu meeting vein M perpendicularly; sternum IV simple (e.g., Figs 12A, 66A) ....................... 52

52. Protarsus not enlarged (Fig. 61E) ................................................................................................... 53

– Protarsus enlarged, Fig. 61 A–D ...................................................................................................... 54

53. Frontal prominence short (Fig. 84L); protarsus with only tarsomeres 4 and 5 black; wing only infuscated along veins; sternum IV with almost straight posterior margin, without postero-lateral patch of long strong pile (Fig. 89A); genitalia, Fig. 89 B–D ................... S. (A.) taiwanensis sp. nov.

– Frontal prominence long (Fig. 84C); protarsus with apex of tarsomeres 2 and 3 and entire tarsomeres 4 and 5 black; wing infuscated along veins and an apical macula; sternum IV with posterior margin deeply medially notched, with posterolateral patch of long strong pile (Fig. 66A); genitalia, Figs 66 B–D, 68B–E, 69A–F ............................................................. S. (A.) orientalis Kertész, 1914

54. Cerci elongate; surstylus large, as long as tergum IX, angle between dorsal and ventral lobe almost right; superior lobe elongate, several times as long as anteriorly wide (Figs 12 B–D, 46B–D) ..... 55

– Cerci short oval to trapezoidal; surstylus relatively small, shorter than tergum IX, angle between dorsal and ventral lobe acute; superior lobe subtriangular, at most twice as long as anteriorly wide (Figs 39 B–E, 62B–D) ..................................................................................................................... 57

55. Protarsus with tarsomere 3 only medially and tarsomeres 4–5 entirely black; protarsus with basitarsomere short, clearly shorter than combined length of tarsomeres 2 and 3; dorsal lobe of surstylus elongate triangular, narrowing gradually towards apex ...................................................... ............................................................................... S. (A.) nasuta Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Protarsus with tarsomeres 4 and 5 black and either with tarsomere 3 entirely yellow or entirely black; protarsus with basitarsomere longer, about as long as combined length of tarsomeres 2 and 3; dorsal lobe of surstylus medially constricted, subapically widened ............................................... 56

56. Protarsus with tarsomere 1 yellow, on apical half black and tarsomeres 2–5 entirely black; tarsomere 2 relatively wide, 1.6 times as wide as tibia and only slightly longer than tarsomere 3 (Fig. 61A); genitalia, Fig. 12 B–D ................................................................................. S. (A.) atrimanus sp. nov.

– Protarsus with tarsomeres 1 and 2 yellow, tarsomere 3 yellow, on apical half black and tarsomeres 4 and 5 entirely black; tarsomere 2 relatively narrow, 1.3 times wider than tibia and almost 1.5 times as long as tarsomere 3 (Fig. 61C); genitalia, Fig. 46 B–D ..................... S. (A.) incretonigra sp. nov.

57. Protarsus with tarsomere 1 yellow, black on apical half and tarsomeres 2–5 entirely black; tarsomere 1 relatively short, about as long as combined length of tarsomeres 2 and 3; tarsomere 2 very wide, 1.8 times as wide as tibia (Fig. 61B); metafemur anteroventrally with long white pile, almost twice as long as black setae; metatibia without apicoventral dens; only tergum III with anterior yellow fascia; genitalia, Fig. 39 B–D .................................................................. S. (A.) granditarsis sp. nov.

– Protarsus with tarsomere 1 yellow with black sub-apical annulus, tarsomere 2 dark brown to black with basal ⅓ yellow and tarsomeres 3–5 dark brown; tarsomere 1 relatively long, about as long as combined length of tarsomeres 3, 4 and 5; tarsomere 2 rather wide, 1.3–1.5 times as wide as tibia (Fig. 61D); metafemur anteroventrally with short white pile, only slightly longer than black setae; metatibia with narrow apicoventral dens; terga III and IV with yellow anterior fascia (Figs 59F, 63D); genitalia, Fig. 62 B–D .................................................................. S. (A.) nigrotarsata sp. nov.

58. Tergum II dark with anterior yellow fascia; tergum III nearly entirely yellow; thorax light yellow (brownish yellow) with medial and sub-lateral dark brown vittae .... S. (A.) tristriata Brunetti, 1913

– Tergum II black or black with brown to yellow anterior fascia; tergum III black with at most anterior ⅓ yellow; thorax unicolorous dark ................................................................................................. 59

59. Frontal prominence large, clearly protruding beyond eye in profile; protarsus yellow, in some specimens tarsomere 5 brownish; scutellum sub-rectangular ............................................................ ............................................................................... S. (A.) bidens Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Frontal prominence small, at most slightly protruding beyond eye in profile; protarsus yellow with at least tarsomere 5 black; scutellum semi-circular ........................................................................ 60

60. Face with ventral half yellow to brown-yellow, moderately projected antero-ventrally; protarsus dark brown to black with tarsomeres 1 and 2 yellow; tergum III with anterolateral red macula (Fig. 90A) .......................................................... S. (A.) simplex Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Face all black, mouth edge sometimes dark brown, very weakly projected antero-ventrally; protarsus yellow with either tarsomeres 4 and 5 or only tarsomere 5 dark brown to black; tergum III with red to yellow anterior fascia (Fig 70F) ................................................................................................. 61

61. Protarsus yellow with tarsomere 5 black, tarsomeres 2–5 slightly widened (Fig. 61F); genitalia, Fig. 76 B–C ..................................................................................................... S. (A.) plautus sp. nov.

– Protarsus yellow with tarsomeres 4 and 5 dark brown to black, tarsomeres of normal width; genitalia, Fig. 18 B–C .................................................................................................. S. (A.) brevipilis sp. nov.

62. Metafemur black and yellow biannulate (e.g., as in Figs 6F, 28B) or femur predominantly red to yellow (e.g., Figs 11E, 95E) ........................................................................................................... 63

– Metafemur basally yellow, on apical ½ or more black (e.g., Figs 19F, 28A), in some cases nearly entirely black .................................................................................................................................. 78

63. Wing with infuscate pattern at crossveins and on apex; thorax light yellow with three black vittae on the scutum; sternum IV with a pair of symmetrical sub medial lobes at posterior margin, the lobes with short black spinose setae (Fig. 11E) ........... S. (A.) bilobata Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Wing hyaline, without infuscate pattern; thorax dark, scutum unicolorous; sternum IV posteriorly unmodified or with one lobe asymmetrically on the left or right side, this lobe without spinose setae (Figs 9A, 31A, 64A, 94A) .............................................................................................................. 64

64. Vein dm-cu meeting vein M perpendicularly; frontal prominence long (Fig. 38D), with distinct medial furrow; basoflagellomere elongate, 2.5 times as long as wide ............................................... .............................................................................. S. (A.) forceps Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Vein dm-cu meeting vein M obliquely; frontal prominence short (Figs 30K, 38A) with weak medial furrow; basoflagellomere round to slightly elongate, 1.1–1.5 times as long as wide ..................... 65

65. Sternum IV with large bifid lobe posteriorly on right side ............ S. (A.) amamiensis Shiraki, 1968

– Sternum IV posteriorly without lobe or lobe is placed on the left side .......................................... 66

66. Larger flies, length of body more than 6 mm, pleuron extensively yellow or scutum with clear pollinose pattern (Figs 15E, 97B); metafemur predominantly orange-yellow (Fig. 95E); terga brownish ......................................................................................................................................... 67

– Smaller flies, length of body less than 5.5 mm, pleuron and scutum uniformly dark brown to black, sometimes scutum with pollinose pattern (e.g., Figs 6 E–F, 28E, 63A); metafemur dark brown and yellow biannulate; terga black ........................................................................................................ 68

67. Pleuron entirely grey pollinose, on bright orange parts sometimes sub-shiny; arista entirely pilose; sterna III and IV more quadratic, ratio length: width 1: 1.4 respectively 1: 0.60 ....................................................................... S. (A.) cerina Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Pleuron with at least posterior margin of katepisternum non-pollinose and shiny (Fig. 65D); arista only basally pilose; sterna III and IV more elongate, ratio length: width 1: 2.5–2.7 respectively 1: 0.9–1.1; genitalia, Fig. 94 B–C ....................................................... S. (A.) varidissima Shiraki, 1930

68. Scutum with pollinose pattern (best viewed dorso-laterally) depending on different density of pollinosity (Fig. 28E); pale markings on tergum III clearly separated from anterior margin (Figs 10B, 70B) ................................................................................................................................................ 69

– Scutum with uniform dense pollinosity (Fig. 79F); pale markings on tergum III at most very narrowly separated from anterior margin (Fig. 79F) ...................................................................................... 72

69. Pro- and mesoleg entirely yellow .................................................. S. (A.) asciiformis Brunetti, 1915

– Pro- and mesoleg yellow with at least tarsomeres 4 and 5 dark brown to black ............................ 70

70. Scutellar marginal setae almost twice as long as length of scutellum and slightly wider set, 0.13– 0.19 mm apart; protarsus yellow with tarsomeres 3–5 darkened (dark brown to black); genitalia, Fig. 31 B–C .................................................................................................... S. (A.) farinosa sp. nov.

– Scutellar setae short, at most as long as scutellum and closer set, 0.06–0.08 mm apart; protarsus yellow with tarsomeres 4 and 5 darkened (light-brown to black); genitalia (Figs 9 B–E or 64B– D) .................................................................................................................................................... 71

71. Sternum IV simple, with only a weak rounded lobe posteriorly on left side (Fig. 64A); scutum rather uniformly pollinose; genitalia (Fig. 64 B–D) ............................................... S. (A.) nubicola sp. nov.

– Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with large subtriangular lobe (Fig. 9A); scutum pollinose with more densely pollinose submedial vitta; genitalia (Fig. 9 B–E) .................................................. ............................................................................................................... S. (A.) apicalis Shiraki, 1930

72. Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side with yellowish sword-like lobe (Figs 79F, 82A) .............. 73

– Sternum IV posteriorly on the left side without sword-like lobe, at most with short subtriangular lobe (Figs 63A, 67C, 82C) ...................................................................................................................... 75

73. Cercus slightly enlarged, shorter than surstylus; gena black .............................................................. .......................................................................... S. (A.) cultrigera Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Cercus strongly enlarged, as long as or longer than surstylus; gena brown ................................... 74

74. Cercus as long as surstylus; tergum III with red anterior fascia, 1.5 times as long as tergum IV ..................................................................... S. (A.) siculifera Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Cercus longer than surstylus; tergum III with yellow anterior fascia, 1.1 times as long as tergum IV ........................................................................ S. (A.) ensifera Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

75. Cerci asymmetric, greatly enlarged, longer than surstyli; tergum III with anterior yellow fascia ................................................................ S. (A.) sinesmila Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Cerci symmetrical, slightly enlarged, shorter than surstyli; tergum III with sub-anterior yellow or reddish fascia .................................................................................................................................. 76

76. Sternum IV with conspicuous large subtriangular lobe at posterior margin; metatarsus with tarsomere 1 about 2.5 times as long as wide; frons with shiny fascia posteriorly of lunula; tergum III as long as tergum IV ............................................................ S. (A.) parvula Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Sternum IV with inconspicuous small lobe at posterior margin; metatarsus with tarsomere 1 about 3 times as long as wide; frons without shiny fascia posteriorly of lunula, entirely grey pollinose; tergum III longer than tergum IV .................................................................................................... 77

77. Tergum III 1.2 times as long as tergum IV; right side surstylus without a third lobe between the dorsal and ventral lobes; left side surstylus with a sub-lobe dorsally at the middle of its dorsal lobe ...................................................................... S. (A.) minuta Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Tergum III 1.4 times as long as tergum IV; right side surstylus with a third lobe between the dorsal and ventral lobes, this lobe with a deep marginal incision; left side surstylus without a sub-lobe dorsally at the middle of its dorsal lobe ................ S. (A.) pusilla Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

78. Larger-sized flies (8.3–8.5 mm); pro- and mesolegs unicoloured brown; terga III and IV unicolorous brownish-black (Fig. 10A) .................................... S. (A.) adusta Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Smaller-sized flies (4.5–5.5 or 6.5–7.9 mm); pro- and mesolegs at least with basal two or three tarsomeres yellow; terga III and IV dark brown to black with anterior part of tergum III yellow, reddish or brown, paler than the rest of tergum .............................................................................. 79

79. Scutellum shiny, at least medially non-pollinose ............................................................................ 80

– Scutellum dull, pollinose ................................................................................................................ 89

80. Scutum uniformly pollinose; arista long pilose (as in Fig. 43C) .................................................... 81

– Scutum slightly grey pollinose with more densely grey pollinose submedial vitta; arista long pilose (as in Fig. 43C) or only short pilose basally (Fig. 43A, D) ............................................................ 82

81. Ventral half of face and mouth edge yellow; postpronotum black; katepisternum entirely grey pollinose; genitalia, Fig. 73 B–C ................................................................. S. (A.) perlobata sp. nov.

– Mouth edge black contrasting with yellow ventral half of face; postpronotum yellow; posterior margin of katepisternum widely non-pollinose, shiny (Fig. 65A); genitalia, Fig. 24 B–D ................. .......................................................................................................................... S. (A.) crinita sp. nov.

82. Ventral half of face black, edge of mouth dark yellow to black; abdomen non pollinose, shiny black ................................................................................................................................................ 83

– Ventral half of face and edge of mouth yellow; abdomen brown-black to black, slightly pollinose and sub-shiny ......................................................................................................................................... 88

83. Arista entirely long pilose (as in Fig. 43C); katepisternum entirely grey pollinose ....................... 84

– Arista short pilose basally, otherwise bare (Fig. 43A, D); posterior margin of katepisternum nonpollinose, shiny (Fig. 65 B–C) ......................................................................................................... 85

84. The subtriangular lobe at posterior margin of sternum IV with inconspicuous transverse crest near the base; tergum III and IV asymmetric, their posterior margin skewed to the right; metafemur with only extreme base yellow .................................. S. (A.) atricolor Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– The subtriangular lobe at posterior margin of sternum IV with strong lobe-like transverse crest near the base; tergum III and IV almost symmetric; metafemur with basal 1/6 yellow ..................................................................... S. (A.) furva Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

85. Pale fascia on tergum III almost connected to the anterior margin of its tergum (Fig. 93A) ......... 86

– Pale fascia on tergum III clearly positioned sub-anteriorly (Figs 28B, 59E, 63C) ......................... 87

86. Arista with basal ¼ rather short pilose (Fig. 43D); medial part of frons along eye-margin widely pollinose, dull (Fig. 88G); genitalia (Fig. 91 B–E): cerci dentate ....................................................... ....................................................................................................... S. (A.) tricoloripes Brunetti, 1915

– Arista with basal ⅓ very short pilose; medial part of frons non-pollinose, shiny (Fig. 88H); genitalia (Fig. 92 B–C): cerci not dentate ................................................................... S. (A.) umbrosa sp. nov.

87. Katepimeron with anterior half non-pollinose and shiny (Fig. 65C); genitalia (Fig. 60 B–C): cerci rounded, simple ................................................................................. S. (A.) nigerrima Shiraki, 1930

– Katepimeron entirely grey pollinose (Fig. 65B); genitalia (Fig. 26 C–F): cerci squarish and dentate ............................................................................................................ S. (A.) dentata sp. nov.

88. Pro- and mesofemur predominantly brownish, base and apex narrowly yellow; mesotibia yellow with dark brown apicomedial narrow annulus; metafemur more slender, about 5 times as long as wide (Fig. 33C); scutellum with 2 narrowly separated setae at posterior margin; genitalia, Fig. 29 B– C ..................................................................................................................... S. (A.) exilipes sp. nov.

– Pro- and mesofemur and tibia entirely yellow; metafemur wider, about 4–4.5 times as long as wide (Fig. 52E); scutellum with 2 widely separated setae at posterior margin; genitalia, Fig. 51 B– C ........................................................................................................ S. (A.) javana de Meijere, 1914

89. Tergum I on postero-lateral part with almost transverse row of 5 light yellow thin long setae which differ only slightly from surrounding vestiture (Fig. 13A); pro- and mesofemur and tibia at least partly dark ........................................................... S. (A.) achaeta Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Tergum I on postero-lateral part with an oblique row of 4–5 strong yellow setae which differ greatly from surrounding vestiture (like in Figs 13D, 47A, D); pro- and mesofemur and tibia entirely light yellow ............................................................................................................................................. 90

90. Sternum IV simple with concave posterior margin, without any lobe (Fig. 32A); tergum IV black with yellow fascia anteriorly; genitalia, Fig. 32 B–F ................................... S. (A.) fimbriata sp. nov.

– Sternum IV posteriorly on left side with subtriangular lobe; tergum IV black or with red anterolateral macula ............................................................................................................................................. 91

91. Pro- and mesolegs entirely yellow; metafemur rather strongly incrassate, 3.4 times as long as wide; tergum III with yellow fascia anteriorly ......................................................................................... 92

– Pro- and mesolegs yellow with at least tarsomere 5 dark brown to black; metafemur slightly less incrassate, 3.6–3.8 times as long as wide; tergum III with red fascia or red lateral macula anteriorly ......................................................................................................................................... 93

92. Thorax entirely heavily grey pollinose; tergum III with yellow anterior fascia ................................. ........................................................................... S. (A.) pollinosa Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Thorax lightly pollinose, sub-shiny, with more heavily pollinose submedial vitta; tergum III with yellow sub-anterior fascia ...................................................................... S. (A.) tenuis Brunetti, 1915

93. Proleg yellow with tarsomeres 3–5 dark brown; tergum III black with reddish anterior fascia; tergum IV entirely black; sternum IV with large and deep membranous notch posteriorly occupying more than half the length of sternum ............................... S. (A.) culex Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015

– Proleg yellow with tarsomeres 4 and 5 black; terga III and IV black with yellow anterolateral macula; sternum IV with small membranous notch posteriorly delimited in the posterior marginal area only ................................................................. S. (A.) pollex Hippa, van Steenis & Mutin, 2015