Hypopomidae

Brachyhypopomus cf. gauderio also appeared in the upper rio Paraná only recently and its presence can be credited to the Itaipu building as in G. cf. hypostomus, since hypopomid species are uncommon in the aquarium trade, they are not consumed (Albert & Crampton, 2003), and they are rarely used as live bait. The real cause for the current geographical distribution of both Gymnorhamphichthys and Brachyhypopomus species necessarily demands further analysis, such as molecular studies comparing populations from native and invaded habitats. For now, their true origin in this region remain uncertain.