Peyrotia desmarestina (de Basterot, 1825)

Figs 6T, 9A, Fig. 17A, 17B, 17C, 17D, 17E

* Turritella Desmarestina Nob. — de Basterot, 1825: 30, pl. 4, fig. 4.

Turritella gigantea Bon. — Bellardi & Michelotti, 1840: 162, pl. 7, fig. 1.

Turritella desmarestina Basterot var. A monilifera— Grateloup, 1846: pl. 16, fig. 9.

Turritella desmarestina Basterot var. B bicatenata— Grateloup, 1846: pl. 16, fig. 11.

[ Turritella] Desmaresti Bast. — Mayer, 1872: 25.

Turritella strangulata Grat. var. mediosubcarinata Myl. — Mylius, 1891: 337, pl. 8, fig. 8.

Turritella Desmaresti [sic] Bast. — Fuchs, 1893: 94.

Haustator desmarestinus (Bast.) — Sacco, 1895: 19.

H. [austator] desmarestinus var. gigantea (Bon.) — Sacco, 1895: 19.

H. [austator] desmarestinus var. basidepressa Sacc. — Sacco, 1895: 19, pl. 2, fig. 3.

H. [austator] desmarestinus var. perstriolata Sacc. — Sacco, 1895: 19, pl. 2, fig. 4.

H. [austator] desmarestinus var. mediosubcarinata (Myl.) — Sacco, 1895: 19, pl. 2, fig. 5.

H. [austator] desmarestinus var. bicatenata Sacc. — Sacco, 1895: 19.

H. [austator] desmarestinus var. substrangulata Sacc. — Sacco, 1895: 20, pl. 2, fig. 6.

H. [austator] desmarestinus var. perlaevigata Sacc. — Sacco, 1895: 20, pl. 2, fig. 7.

Haustator desmarestinus (Bast.) var. basidepressa Sacc. — Sacco, 1904: 125, pl. 25, fig. 1.

Haustator Desmarestinus Bast. — Schaffer, 1912: 162, pl. 53, figs 5–7.

Haust. [ator] desmarestinus Bast. var. mediosubcarinata Myl. — Schaffer, 1912: 162, pl. 53, figs 8–10.

Turritella (Peyrotia) desmarestina Basterot — Cossmann, 1912: 119, pl. 8, figs 12–13.

Turritella (Peyrotia) desmarestina Basterot — Cossmann & Peyrot, 1922: 47, n°434, pl. 2, fig. 4.

Turritella (Peyrotia) strangulata Grateloup mut. grossa nov. mut. — Cossmann & Peyrot, 1922: 50, n°436, pl. 2, fig. 3.

Turritella (Peyrotia) desmarestina Basterot var. mediosubcarinata Myl. — Rutsch, 1929: 41, pl. 2, fig. 12.

Turritella (Haustator) strangulata de Grateloup — Stchépinsky, 1939: 33, pl. 1, fig. 15 [non Turritella strangulata Grateloup, 1846].

Turritella desmaresti Bastérot — Mongin, 1952: 42, pl. 1, fig. 5.

Turritella (Peyrotia) desmaresti Bast. — Zbyszewski, 1954: 137, pl. 12, figs 55, 66.

Turritella (Peyrotia) desmaresti Bast. — Zbyszewski, 1957: 159, pl. 12, fig. 129.

Turritella (Peyrotia) strangulata Grat. mut. grossa Cossm. & Peyrot — Zbyszewski, 1957: 160, pl. 15, fig. 159.

Turritella (Peyrotia) desmarestina desmarestina Bast. — Sieber, 1960: 247.

Turritella (Peyrotia) desmarestina mediosubcarinata Myl. — Sieber, 1960: 248, pl. 3, figs 3–4, 8/13.

Turritella desmarestina Basterot, 1825 — Fözy & Leél-Össy, 1985a: 121.

Turritella desmarestina Basterot — Stürmer, 1989: 117, pl. 3, fig. 1, pl. 9, fig. 1.

Turritella (Haustator) desmarestina Basterot, 1825 — Lozouet et al., 2001: 29, pl. 7, fig. 3.

Peyrotia strangulata— Rahiminejad et al., 2012: 201, pl. 1, figs 2–3, 5 [non Turritella strangulata Grateloup, 1846].

Peyrotia cf. desmarestina— Rahiminejad et al., 2012: 201, pl. 1, fig. 9.

Turritella (Peyrotia) desmarestina de Basterot, 1825 — Büyükmeriç, 2017: 60, pl. 2, fig. 5.

non Turritella cf. desmarestina Bast. — Csepreghy-Meznerics, 1966: 123, pl. 3, figs 4, 6.

Type material. Neotype designated by Cossmann & Peyrot (1922: 49, pl. 2, fig. 4) from Villandraut ( Gironde, France); Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle Paris (MNHN.F.J05213).

Studied material. 3 spec. NHMW 1934/0001/0082a–c, 3 spec. NHMW 1934/0001/0081a–c, Maria Dreieichen (Austria); 3 spec. NHMW 2018/0160/0001, NHMW 2018/0160/0002, NHMW 2018/0160/0003, Eggenburg, Schindergraben (Austria); 1 spec. NHMW 2018/0165/0001, 1 spec. NHMW 1847/0037/0099, Mörtersdorf (Austria); 1spec. NHMW 1860/0050/0256, Mold (Austria); 4 spec. NHMW 1855/0035/0350, Lariey at Saucats (France); 2 spec. NHMW 1882/0100/2233, La Bréde (Gironde, France); 1 spec. NHMW 1850/0018/0307, Martigues (France); 2 spec. NHMW 1860/0004/0357, Torino (Italy) .

Illustrated material. Fig. 17A: Maria Dreieichen (Austria): SL: 40.5 mm, MD: 20.4 mm, NHMW 1934/0001/0081a; Fig. 17B: Maria Dreieichen (Austria): SL: 30.6 mm, MD: 12.1 mm, NHMW 1934/0001/0081b; Fig. 17C: Mörtersdorf (Austria): SL: 140 mm, MD: 34 mm, NHMW 2018/0165/0001; Fig. 17D: Maria Dreieichen (Austria): SL: 50.0 mm, MD: 29.7 mm, NHMW 1934/0001/0081a; Fig. 17E: Maria Dreieichen (Austria): SL: 75.4 mm, MD: 33.1 mm, NHMW 1934/0001/0081b.

Revised description. Shell large, robust, broad. Protoconch and early teleoconch whorls unknown. Earliest preserved juvenile teleoconch whorls high, unicarinate with weak mid-whorl keel, soon passing into straight sided, weakly imbricate whorls with distinct, beaded spiral rib at abapical suture and slightly less prominent, beaded midwhorl spiral cord. Spiral cords and interspaces covered by secondary and tertiary spiral threads. Sculpture of adult shell consisting of granulose mid-whorl spiral cord; bulgy spiral cord at abapical suture and densely spaced, low, broad, slightly granulose secondary spiral cords. Transition into base markedly angulate. Late teleoconch whorls strongly imbricate. Last two teleoconch whorls becoming convex resulting in strongly incised suture, somewhat irregularly coiled. Base covered with densely spaced spiral cords. Lateral sinus with moderately steep angle ranging around 13°; symmetrical, deep with maximum depth slightly below or above mid-whorl; adapically weakly sigmoidal with faint inflection point close to adapical suture and second weak inflection point nearly coinciding with transition into base; basal sinus shallowly opisthocyrt. Aperture not preserved (subquadrate in French specimens). No inner lirae seen in available material.

Shell measurements and ratios. Largest two nearly complete specimen: SL = 133.4 mm, MD = 37.6 mm, AA: μ = 23°, PA = 21°, SL = 146.5 mm, MD = 34.7 mm. Largest fragment: MD = 44.5 mm. Lateral sinus (n = 5): LS angle = 13.4° (σ = 2.1°), LS p = 1.0 (σ = 0.14), LS d = 3.6 (σ = 0.37). An extraordinarily large fragment of the last two whorls from Martigues (France) attains 61 mm in diameter, suggesting a total height of about 210 mm.

Discussion. The Paratethyan shells derive all from the Eggenburg area in Austria. They agree in their imbricate profile and lateral sinus fully with French specimens. Peyrotia desmarestina is restricted in the Paratethys, to the early Eggenburgian (early Burdigalian); e.g. Loibersdorf Formation in Eggenburg area (Austria).

Paleoenvironment. This species typically co-occurs with Turritella inaequicingulata Hölzl, 1958 (Fig. 9A 1). Therefore, Peyrotia desmarestina seems to have preferred shallow sublittoral settings as typical for the Loibersdorf Formation in Austria (Mandic et al. 2004b).

Distribution. Central Paratethys. Early Eggenburgian (Burdigalian): North-Alpine Foreland Basin: St. Gallen (Switzerland) (Rutsch 1929), Maria Dreieichen, Eggenburg, Kühnring, Mold, Mörtersdorf, Loibersdorf, Eggenburg (Austria) (herein); Eastern Mátra Mts: Illona Valley (Hungary) (Fözy & Leél-Össy 1985a). Eastern Paratethys. Sakaraulian (early Burdigalian): Kvezani (Georgia) (Popov 1986). Proto-Mediterranean Sea and northeastern Atlantic. Aquitanian (early Miocene): Aquitaine Basin: Mérignac, Villandraut, Saucats (France) (Cossmann & Peyrot 1922; Lozouet et al. 2001); Lisbon (Portugal) (Zbyszewski 1954); Qom Basin: Chalehghareh (Iran), Esfahan-Sirjan Basin: Zefreh (herein); Zagros Basin: Bakhtiari (Central-Western Iran) (Rahiminejad et al. 2012); Burdigalian (early Miocene): Forno do Tijolo (Almada), Sacavém, Ameixoeira (Lisbon) (Portugal) (Zbyszewski 1957); Torino Hills: Baldissero (Italy) (Sacco 1895); Marseille (France) (Gourret 1890); Mesohellenic Basin: Dimitra (Greece) (herein); Sivas Basin: Bingöl area (Turkey) (herein). Kale-Tavas and Acipayam basins: Denizli area (Turkey) (Büyükmeriç 2017).

Oligocene occurrences from NW-India described by Vredenburg (1928) might represent Peyrotia strangulata (Grateloup, 1827) or allied species. Similarly, the occurrence in the Miocene of Angola, mentioned by Brébion (1983) needs verification.