†FAMILY SCALPELLIDAE PILSBRY, 1907 AMENDED

Diagnosis: Monophyletic by molecular analyses. Fourteen capitular plates, but some have been secondarily lost in some species. All species have dwarf males, which are attached in special confined receptacle areas along the edge of the mantle opening.

Comment: By the molecular study of Lin et al. (2015) and the morphologically based one by Gale (2015b), the species analysed fall into two clusters, which Gale (2015a) erected as the subfamilies Scalpellinae and Amigdoscalpellinae . The remaining extant subfamilies are at best without any clear phylogenetic support.