Subgenus HELODON Enderlein s. str.

Helodon alpestris (Dorogostaisky, Rubtsov & Vlasenko)

Chubareva (1977 a, 1977d, 1978b, idiogram, notes on general polytene features; as Prosimulium alpestre and P. altaicum): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as Ahaimophaga alpestris and A. altaica): Russia

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram, whole-arm interchange [IIL + IIIS, IIS + IIIL]): North America

Chubareva & Petrova (1999, comparison with H. ferrugineus [as H. rufum], notes on general polytene features, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; A. altaica): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Helodon beardi Adler, Currie & Wood

Newman (1983, characterization, hybrid with H. newmani [as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 5’], inversions mapped, photo of partial IIL, resolution relative to H. onychodactylus standard; as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 3’): USA

Henderson (1985, 1986a, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped; as P. onychodactylum ‘form 3’): USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Newman’s 1983 P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 3’, notes on geographic variation): USA

Helodon chaos Adler, Currie & Wood

Newman (1983, characterization, hybrid with H. mccreadiei [as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 7a/7b’], inversions mapped, photo of partial IIL, resolution relative to H. onychodactylus standard; as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 1a and 1b’): USA

Henderson (1985, 1986a, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped; as P. onychodactylum ‘forms 1a and 1b’): [USA]

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Newman’s 1983 P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 1a and 1b’, notes on geographic variation): USA

Helodon clavatus (Peterson)

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram, whole-arm interchange [IIL + IIIS, IIS + IIIL]): North America

Newman (1983, photo of hybrid complement with H. mccreadiei [as P. onychodactylum]; as P. albertense): USA

Helodon diadelphus Adler, Currie & Wood

Henderson (1985, characterization, cytodendrogram, demonstration of homosequential sibling species, inversions mapped, polymorphisms; as P. onychodactylum ‘form 2b’): Canada, USA

Henderson (1986a, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, polymorphisms; as P. onychodactylum ‘form 2b’): Canada, USA

Henderson (1986b, characterization, demonstration of homosequential sibling species, polymorphisms; as P. onychodactylum ‘form 2b’): Canada, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Newman’s 1983 P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 2b’): North America

Helodon ferrugineus (Wahlberg)

Chubareva & Petrova (1969, comparisons with P. hirti pes and partially with H. rubicundus, description, idiogram, photos of metaphase and polytene complements): Russia

Chubareva (1977a, idiogram, low-resolution photo of polytene complement): Russia

Chubareva (1977b, 1977d, 1978b, idiogram, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Rothfels (1979, note on comparison with Helodon standard, whole-arm interchange [IIL + IIIS, IIS + IIIL]): Norway

Chubareva & Petrova (1999, notes on general polytene features, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; as H. rufum): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2000b, note on general polytene features; as H. rufus): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as H. rufus): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2004, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Helodon irkutensis (Rubtsov)

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram, whole-arm interchange [IIL + IIIS, IIS + IIIL]; as H. martini and H. perspicuum): North America

Helodon kamtshaticus (Rubtsov)

Chubareva (1977 a, 1978b, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Chubareva (1977d, idiogram, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Helodon mccreadiei Adler, Currie & Wood

Newman (1983, characterization, hybrids with H. chaos, H. diadelphus, H. newmani, and H. protus [as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 1a/1b’ ‘2b’, ‘5’, and ‘4a/4b’, respectively], inversions mapped, photo of IIIS and hybrid complement with H. clavatus [as P. albertense], resolution relative to H. onychodactylus standard; as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 7a and 7b’): USA

Henderson (1985, 1986a, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped; as P. onychodactylum ‘forms 7a and 7b’): [USA]

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Newman’s 1983 P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 7a and 7b’, notes on geographic variation): USA

Helodon multicaulis (Popov)

Chubareva (1977a, notes on general polytene features, photos of metaphase and low-resolution polytene complements): Russia

Chubareva (1977d, 1978b, idiogram, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1999, comparison with H. ferrugineus [as H. rufum], notes on general polytene features, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Helodon newmani Adler, Currie & Wood

Newman (1983, characterization, hybrids with H. beardi, H. mccreadiei, and H. onychodactylus [as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 3’ ‘7a/7b’, and ‘6’, respectively], inversions mapped, photo of IIIS, resolution relative to H. onychodactylus standard; as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 5’): USA

Henderson (1985, 1986a, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped; as P. onychodactylum ‘form 5’): [USA]

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Newman’s 1983 P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 5’, notes on geographic variation and possible sibling species): USA

Helodon onychodactylus (Dyar & Shannon) s. str.

Newman (1970, initial evidence for sibling species, notes on sex chromosomes): USA

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram, whole-arm interchange [IIL + IIIS, IIS + IIIL]; as H. onychodactylum ‘B’): North America

Newman (1983, characterization, hybrids with H. newmani and H. susanae [as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 5’ and ‘2a’, respectively], inversions mapped, photos of mitotic and meiotic metaphase I and all polytene arms; as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 6’): USA

Henderson (1985, 1986a, characterization; cytodendrogram; inversions mapped; photos of all arms; polymorphisms; as P. onychodactylum ‘forms 6’ and ‘10’): Canada, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of Newman’s 1983 P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 6’ as H. onychodactylus): North America

Helodon protus Adler, Currie & Wood

Newman (1983, characterization, hybrid with H. mccreadiei [as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 7a/7b’], inversions mapped, photo of IIIS, resolution relative to H. onychodactylus standard; as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 4a and 4b’): USA

Henderson (1985, 1986a, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, polymorphisms, recognition as distinct species; as P. onychodactylum ‘forms 4a and 4b’): USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Newman’s 1983 P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 4a and 4b’): USA

Helodon rubicundus Rubtsov

Chubareva & Petrova (1969, notes on general polytene features, partial comparison with H. ferrugineus, photo of IIIS polymorphism): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Helodon susanae (Peterson)

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram, whole-arm interchange [IIL + IIIS, IIS + IIIL]; as ‘ H. onychodactylum ‘A’): North America

Newman (1983, characterization, hybrid with H. onychodactylus [as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 6’], inversions mapped, resolution relative to H. onychodactylus standard; as P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 2a’): USA

Henderson (1985, characterization, cytodendrogram, demonstration of homosequential sibling species, inversions mapped, polymorphisms; as P. onychodactylum ‘form 2a’): Canada, USA

Henderson (1986a, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, polymorphisms; as P. onychodactylum ‘form 2a’): Canada, USA

Henderson (1986b, characterization, demonstration of homosequential sibling species, polymorphisms; as P. onychodactylum ‘form 2a’): Canada, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, notes on geographic variation, recognition of Newman’s 1983 P. onychodactylum ‘sibling species 2a’ as H. susanae): North America

Helodon trochus Adler, Currie & Wood

Henderson (1985, 1986a, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, recognition as distinct species; as P. onychodactylum ‘form 8’): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Henderson’s 1986a P. onychodactylum ‘form 8’, notes on geographic variation): North America