Subgenus WILHELMIA Enderlein

Simulium balcanicum (Enderlein)

Grinchuk (1969c, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Grinchuk & Chubareva (1974, description; photos of IIS, IIIS, nucleolar region, and polytene complement): Russia

Grinchuk & Chubareva (1975, level of heterozygosity in populations): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Adler, Inci, Yildrim, Seitz & Duzlu (2012, notes on relation to S. lineatum): Germany, Turkey

Adler, Inci, Yildirim, Duzlu, McCreadie, Kúdela, Khazeni, Brúderová, Seitz, Takaoka, Otsuka & Bass (2015, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of partial IS, IL, and IIIL; resolution relative to Wilhelmia standard): Austria, Germany, Greece, Macedonia, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Turkey

Simulium equinum (Linnaeus)

Debaisieux & Gastaldi (1919, first mention of polytene chromosomes in Simuliidae, illustration of polytene fragment; as Melusina maculata): France

Bauer (1935, early note on loose pairing of polytene chromosomes; as Simulium maculatum): [Germany]

Montalenti (1947, chiasma interference across the centromere in male meiosis, description of chiasmata, drawings of metaphase complement): Italy

Beermann (1962, low-magnification photo of polytene complement, note on pairing of homologues; as Simulium ‘spec.’): [Germany]

Grinchuk (1968, description; photos of all chromosomes, centromere regions, and selected polymorphisms; polymorphism frequencies; relative polytene chromosome lengths): European Russia

Grinchuk (1969a, idiograms; photos of CI region, ends of IIS and IIIS, polymorphisms, and low-magnification polytene complement; polytene chromosome lengths; seasonal polymorphism): European Russia

Grinchuk (1969b, characterization, idiograms, photos of all polytene chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, relative polytene chromosome lengths): Belarus, Russia, Sweden

Grinchuk (1969c, avetjanae suggested as synonym of equinum, characterization, polymorphism data, relative polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia, Belarus, Russia, Sweden

Grinchuk (1970, avetjanae established as synonym of equinum; photos of all arms, metaphase complement, and selected polymorphisms; polytene chromosome lengths; as Wilhelmia avetjanae and W. equina): Armenia

Grinchuk & Chubareva (1972, comparison with S. pseudequinum [as W. mediterranea], description, photos of CI region, polytene chromosome relative lengths): European Russia

Grinchuk & Chubareva (1974, photos of IIS, IIIS, centromere region of chromosome I, and polytene complement): (country unspecified)

Knoz & Chubareva (1974, description, notes on comparison with S. lineatum [as W. salopiensis]): Czech Republic

Grinchuk & Chubareva (1975, idiograms; photos of IIS, IIIS, base of IS, and low-magnification polytene complement; polytene chromosome relative lengths; as Wilhelmia avetjanae and W. equina): Armenia, Russia

Skaer & Whytock (1975, photos of serial sections of polytene chromosomes in live salivary gland, thickness of polytene chromosomes): Britain (England)

Knoz, Grinchuk & Chubareva (1976, description; photos of all arms, metaphase complement, and selected polymorphisms): Belarus, Czech Republic, Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as W. equina and W. avetjanae): Armenia, Belarus, Czech Republic, Russia

Dunbar in Rothfels (1979, whole-arm interchange [IS + IIL, IL + IIS]): [European Russia]

Chubareva & Bulli (1983, description; equivalence of S. equinum bianchii and S. equinum equinum; photos of all chromosomes, metaphase complement, and selected polymorphisms; polytene chromosome lengths; as W. equina bianchii): Ukraine

Weber (1985, reference not seen): Germany

Weber & Grunewald (1989, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, photos of centromere regions and all arms except IIIS, resolution relative to Wilhelmia subgeneric standard, whole-arm interchange [IS + IIL, IL + IIS]): Germany

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia, Belarus, Czech Republic, Russia, Sweden

Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as W. avetjanae and W. equina): Armenia, Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2004, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Chubareva, Petrova & Reva (2007, description, photos of all polytene chromosomes and metaphase complement, polytene chromosome lengths, whole-arm interchange [IS + IIL, IL + IIS]): Czech Republic, Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Belarus, Czech Republic, Russia

Simulium lineatum (Meigen)

Knoz & Chubareva (1974, description, notes on comparison with S. equinum; as W. salopiensis): Czech Republic

Knoz, Grinchuk & Chubareva (1976, description, low-resolution photo of polytene complement; as W. salopiensis): Czech Republic

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as W. salopiensis): Czech Republic

Weber (1985, reference not seen): Germany

Weber & Grunewald (1989, characterization, idiogram, inversions mapped, partial resolution relative to Wilhelmia subgeneric standard, photos of chromocenter and all arms, whole-arm interchange [IS + IIL, IL + IIS]): Germany

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of chromocenter and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; as W. salopiensis): Czech Republic

Adler, Inci, Yildrim, Seitz & Duzlu (2012, notes on relation to S. balcanicum and possibility of cytoforms): Germany

Adler, Inci, Yildirim, Duzlu, McCreadie, Kúdela, Khazeni, Brúderová, Seitz, Takaoka, Otsuka & Bass (2015, characterization, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Wilhelmia standard): Britain (England), France, Germany, Italy, Poland

Simulium paraequinum Puri

Grinchuk (1969c, description; as W. paraequina transcaucasica): Armenia

Chubareva & Petrova (1975, polytene chromosome lengths; as W. lineata): (country unspecified)

Grinchuk & Chubareva (1975, idiograms; photos of IIS, IIIS, base of IS, and metaphase and low-magnification polytene complements; polytene chromosome relative lengths; as W. lineata and W. paraequina transcaucasica): Armenia, Ukraine (Crimea)

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as W. lineata and W. paraequina transcaucasica): Armenia, Ukraine (Crimea)

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as W. lineata and W. paraequina): Armenia, Ukraine (Crimea)

Chubareva, Petrova & Kachvoryan (2003, photo of chromocenter; as W. lineata): Armenia

Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia

Petrova, Chubareva, Adler & Kachvoryan (2003, description; drawings of chromocenters; inversion frequencies; new cytoforms recognized [‘A’ and ‘B’]; photos of all arms, chromocenters, metaphase and polytene complements, and polymorphisms; whole-arm interchange [IS + IIL, IL + IIS]): Armenia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths, whole-arm interchange [IS + IIL, IL + IIS]; as W. lineata and W. paraequina): Armenia, Ukraine (Crimea)

Simulium pseudequinum Séguy

Grinchuk (1969c, description; as W. mediterranea): Georgia

Grinchuk & Chubareva (1972, comparison with S. equinum, description, idiogram, photos of all polytene chromosomes and selected polymorphisms, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as W. mediterranea): Georgia

Chubareva, Grinchuk & Kachvoryan (1974, description and photos of polytene chromosomes of autotriploid; as W. mediterranea): Georgia

Grinchuk & Chubareva (1975, idiogram, polytene chromosome relative lengths; as W. mediterranea): Georgia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as W. mediterranea): Georgia

Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths; as W. mediterranea): Armenia

Chubareva, Petrova & Reva (2007, description, photos of all polytene chromosomes and metaphase complement, whole-arm interchange [IS + IIL, IL + IIS]): Georgia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia, Georgia

Simulium takahasii (Rubtsov)

Fujii & Kimoto (1955, drawings of short sections of polytene chromosomes, effects of pH on polytene chromosome structure; as S. salopiense): Japan

Adler, Inci, Yildirim, Duzlu, McCreadie, Kúdela, Khazeni, Brúderová, Seitz, Takaoka, Otsuka & Bass (2015, characterization, inversions mapped, photos of IIIS and partial IIIL, resolution relative to Wilhelmia standard): Japan

Simulium turgaicum Rubtsov

Grinchuk (1969c, notes on general polytene features): Russia

Grinchuk & Chubareva (1974, description; photos of IIS, IIIS, nucleolar region, and metaphase and polytene complements): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia

Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia

Adler, Inci, Yildrim, Seitz & Duzlu (2012, notes on relation to S. balcanicum; as S. lineatum): Turkey

Adler, Inci, Yildirim, Duzlu, McCreadie, Kúdela, Khazeni, Brúderová, Seitz, Takaoka, Otsuka & Bass (2015, characterization; inversions mapped; photos of B chromosomes, chromocenter, and all arms; resolution relative to Wilhelmia standard; revalidation): Armenia, Iran, Turkey

Simulium veltistshevi Rubtsov

Grinchuk & Chubareva (1975, idiogram; photos of IIS, IIIS, base of IS, and metaphase and low-magnification polytene complements; polytene chromosome relative lengths): Tajikistan

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Tajikistan

Chubareva, Petrova & Kachvoryan (2003, photo of chromocenter): Tajikistan

Chubareva, Petrova & Reva (2007, description, photos of all polytene chromosomes and metaphase complement [mislabeled in fig. 5 as Wilhelmia salopiensis], polytene chromosome lengths, whole-arm interchange [IS + IIL, IL + IIS]): Tajikistan

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of chromocenter and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Tajikistan

Simulium xingyiense Chen & Zhang

Zhang & Chen (2000, description, lengths, and photos of metaphase complement): China

Huang, Zhang, Jiang & Chen (2012, description; low-resolution photos of all arms, chromocenters, selected polymorphisms, and polytene complement; polytene chromosome relative lengths): China