VENUSTUM species-group

Simulium arakawae Matsumura

Hadi, Takaoka & Aoki (1996, description, photos of all arms, polytene chromosome relative lengths): Japan

Huang, Adler & Takaoka (2011, characterization; inversions mapped; notes on B chromosomes; photos of IL end, IIS, and IIL; resolution relative to S. venustum group standard and Simulium subgeneric standard): Japan

Simulium bergi Rubtsov

Chubareva & Petrukhina (1970, note on comparison with S. erythrocephalum, photos of end of IIIL and lowmagnification polytene complement): [Armenia]

Chubareva, Petrova & Petrukhina (1971, note on comparison with S. erythrocephalum, photos of IIIS and IIIL ends and low-magnification polytene complement): Armenia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia

Chubareva, Petrova & Kachvoryan (2003, photos of centromere regions): Armenia

Kachvoryan, Petrova & Chubareva (2003, notes on general polytene features): Armenia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Armenia

Simulium curvistylus Rubtsov

Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1998, notes on relation to Simulium subgeneric standard and selected members of the S. venustum group): Sweden

Simulium hematophilum Laboulbène

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘CC2 venustum ’): Canada, USA

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘CC’): [North America]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram, note on IIIL polymorphism; as S. venustum ‘CC2’): Canada

Feraday in Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key, note on IIL-1 inversion; as S. venustum ‘cytospecies CC2’): USA

McCreadie (1991, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘CC2 venustum ’): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, inversion frequencies, 2 new cytoforms recognized [unnamed]; as S. venustum ‘CC2’): Canada, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of S. ‘CC2 venustum ’ of Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps 1978 as S. hematophilum, sex-chromosome polymorphism): North America

Simulium incognitum Adler & Mason

Adler (1986, characterization, comparison with selected members of S. venustum group; as S. venustum cytotype ‘CC4’): Canada

Adler & Mason (1997, characterization, formal name for Adler’s 1986 S. venustum ‘CC4’, inversions mapped, photos of partial IIIL and polymorphisms): Canada, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America

Simulium irritatum Lugger

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘CC3’): [Canada]

Rothfels (1981a, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as S. venustum ‘CC3 [CC(gB)B]’): Canada

Adler (1986, notes on geographic variation; as S. venustum cytospecies ‘CC3’): Canada

Ciborowski & Adler (1990, notes on B chromosomes and geographic variation; as S. venustum ‘CC3’): Canada

McCreadie (1991, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘CC3 venustum ’): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, geographic variation, inversion frequencies; as S. venustum ‘CC3’): Canada, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of Rothfels’s 1981a S. venustum ‘CC3’ as S. irritatum): North America

Simulium minutum Lugger

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘CC1 venustum ’): Canada

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘CC1’): [Canada]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘CC1’): Canada

Hunter (1990, chromosomal key; as ‘CC1 venustum ’): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of S. ‘CC1 venustum ’ of Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps 1978 as S. minutum): North America

Simulium molestum Harris

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘A/C venustum ’): USA

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘A/C’): [USA]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘A/C’): USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, evidence of reproductive isolation from S. hematophilum, recognition of S. ‘A/C venustum ’ of Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps 1978 as S. molestum): North America

Simulium morsitans Edwards

Kudule (1973, description; photos of all chromosomes, B chromosomes, and polymorphisms): Latvia

Chubareva (1974a, frequency of B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and low-magnification polytene complement): Russia

Kudule & Shternbergs (1975, notes on comparison with S. rostratum [as S. argyreatum]): Latvia

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features): Latvia, Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (1984, 2000b, note on B chromosomes): Russia

Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1999, resolution relative to S. curvistylus): Sweden

Chubareva & Petrova (2004, notes on general polytene features, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2006, description of B chromosomes, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase complement): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths): Russia

Simulium paramorsitans Rubtsov

Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1999, note on resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard): Sweden

Simulium piscicidium Riley

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IIL, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘AC(gB) venustum ’): Canada

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘AC(gB)’): [Canada]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘AC(gB)’): Canada, USA

McCreadie (1991, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘AC(gb) venustum ’): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, inversion frequencies, new cytoform recognized [unnamed]; as S. venustum ‘AC(gB)’): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of S. ‘AC(gB) venustum ’ of Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps 1978 as S. piscicidium): North America

Simulium posticatum Meigen

NOTE: The identity of the species treated by Knoz & Chubareva (1974) and Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 1984, 2003, 2008a) as S. austeni and/or S. posticatum is uncertain, but it is not S. posticatum or any other examined member of the S. venustum group.

Knoz & Chubareva (1974, description, low-magnification photos of B chromosomes and polytene complement; as S. posticatum / austeni): Czech Republic

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, notes on general polytene features; as S. austeni): Czech Republic

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as S. austeni): Britain ([England])

Chubareva & Petrova (1984, note on B chromosomes; as S. austeni): Czech Republic

Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1999, notes on resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard): Britain (England), Sweden

Chubareva & Petrova (2003, notes on general polytene features): Czech Republic

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and polytene complements): Czech Republic

Simulium rostratum (Lundström)

Zimring (1953, idiogram, photos of CI and CII regions and portions of all chromosomes, polytene chromosome lengths; as S. venustum): Canada

Chubareva & Petrova (1968, description; frequency of B chromosomes; photos of metaphase and polytene B chromosomes, polytene complement, and ends of IS, IIS, IIIS, and IIIL; as S. verecundum): Russia

Chubareva (1971, note on B chromosomes; as S. verecundum): Russia

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, B chromosomes; characterization; cytodendrogram; drawing of IIL; inversions mapped; male chiasmate meiosis; photos of IS polymorphisms, IL, IIL, and IIIL; resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘ACD verecundum ’): Britain ([England]), Canada, Finland, Norway

Chubareva & Petrova (1979, 2003, notes on general polytene features; as S. verecundum): Russia

Gordon & Cupp (1980, inversion frequencies; as S. verecundum ‘ACD’): USA

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. verecundum ‘ACD’): [Britain (England), Canada, Finland, Norway]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. ‘ACD ver’): [Britain (England), Canada, Finland, Norway]

Chubareva & Petrova (1984, note on B chromosomes; as S. verecundum): Russia

Adler (1986, notes on B chromosomes and geographic variation; as S. verecundum cytospecies ‘ACD’): Canada

Currie & Adler (1986, note on geographic variation; as S. verecundum ‘cytospecies ACD’): Canada

Hunter (1990, chromosomal key; inversions mapped; photos of IS partial, IL, IIIS, and sex chromosomes; as ‘ACD rostratum ’): Canada

McCreadie (1991, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘ACD verecundum ’): Canada

McCreadie & Colbo (1991, effect of temperature on polytene chromosome quality): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, inversion frequencies): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, photo of IIL base and partial IIIL of autotriploid): North America

Chubareva & Petrova (2004, notes on B chromosomes and general polytene features, photo of polytene complement including B chromosomes, polytene chromosome lengths; as S. argyreatum): Russia

Chubareva & Petrova (2008a, description, photos of B chromosomes and metaphase and low-resolution polytene complements, polytene chromosome lengths; as S. argyreatum): Czech Republic, Russia

Simulium rubtzovi Smart

Adler, Malmqvist & Zhang (1999, notes on B chromosomes and resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard): Sweden, USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard): Sweden, USA

Simulium tormentor Adler, Currie & Wood

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘H/C’): [Canada]

Rothfels (1981a, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as S. venustum ‘H/C sibling’): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key, formal name for Rothfels’s 1981a S. venustum ‘H/C sibling’, sex-chromosome polymorphism): Canada

Simulium truncatum (Lundström)

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, photo of IIS, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘EFG/C venustum ’): Canada, Finland, Norway

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): Scandinavia

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘EFG/C’): Canada, Finland, Norway, USA

Hunter (1990, chromosomal key; inversions mapped; photos of B chromosomes, IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIL; polytene chromosomes from adult Malpighian tubules; as ‘EFG/C truncatum ’): Canada

McCreadie (1991, characterization, note on sex exceptions, photo of chromosome II; as ‘EFG/C venustum ’): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, note on sex exceptions): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, chromosomal characters in larval key): North America

Simulium venustum Say

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, B chromosomes, characterization, cytodendrogram, drawings of all arms, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photos of all arms, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘CC venustum ’): Canada, USA

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): North America

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram, de novo interchange in individual; as S. venustum and S. venustum ‘CC’): [North America]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘CC’): Canada, USA

Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key; as S. venustum cytospecies ‘CC’): USA

Currie & Adler (1986, note on geographic variation; as S. venustum ‘cytospecies CC’): Canada

Coscarón (1989, idiogram): [North America]

Hunter (1990, chromosomal key; inversions mapped; photos of B chromosomes, IS, IL, IIS, IIL, and IIIL; polytene chromosomes from adult Malpighian tubules; as ‘CC venustum ’): Canada

Coscarón-Arias (2000, idiogram): [North America]

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, recognition of S. venustum ‘CC’ of Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps 1978 as S. venustum s. str.): North America

Sharp & Hunter (2008, chiasmate meiosis in mermithid-infected male larvae; as S. venustum / truncatum / rostratum): Canada

Simulium verecundum Stone & Jamnback

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, characterization, cytodendrogram, inversions mapped, male chiasmate meiosis, photo of partial IIL, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘AA verecundum ’ and ‘A/C verecundum ’): Canada

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram): North America

Gordon & Cupp (1980, inversion frequencies; as S. verecundum ‘AA-AC’): USA

Rothfels (1980, cytodendrogram; as S. verecundum ‘AA’, ‘A/C’, and ‘CC’): [North America]

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. ‘AA ver’, ‘A/C ver’, and ‘CC ver’): Canada, USA

Adler & Kim (1986, chromosomal characters in larval key; as S. verecundum cytospecies ‘A/C’): USA

Ciborowski & Adler (1990, notes on geographic variation and IIS sequences; as S. verecundum ‘AA-A/C-CC’): Canada

Hunter (1990, chromosomal key, inversions mapped; as ‘A/C verecundum ’): Canada

McCreadie (1991, characterization, inversion frequencies; as ‘AA verecundum ’): Canada

McCreadie, Adler & Colbo (1994, characterization, inversion frequencies): Canada

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, characterization, chromosomal characters in larval key, photo of B chromosome, possible sibling species): North America

Simulium ‘EFG venustum ’ Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps

NOTE: Although Rothfels (1979) tentatively identified this species as S. morsitans, its banding pattern does not match that of bona fide S. morsitans, which does not carry the IIS EFG sequence (Adler, unpublished).

Rothfels, Feraday & Kaneps (1978, characterization, partial resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as ‘EFG venustum ’): Germany

Rothfels (1979, cytodendrogram; as S. morsitans ?): Germany

Rothfels (1981a, cytodendrogram; as S. venustum ‘EFG’): Germany, Norway

Simulium venustum ‘JJ’ Rothfels

Rothfels (1981a, characterization, cytodendrogram, resolution relative to Simulium subgeneric standard; as S. venustum ‘JJ, The Oregon Sibling’): USA

Adler, Currie & Wood (2004, breakpoints of J inversion, chromosomal characters in larval key): USA