Oenopiella Bergroth, 1891

Oenopia Stål, 1867:529 (namepreoccupiedby Oenopia Mulsant, 1850 [ Coleoptera, Coccinellidae]).

Oenopiella Bergroth, 1891: 235 (new name); Kirkaldy 1909: 91 (cat., type species design.). Type species: Pentatoma unidentatum Spinola, 1852 .

Description. Small to medium size (Table 1). Color pale orange to reddishferrugineous. Antennal segments Ito III orange, IV and Vlight to dark ferrugineous. Rostral segments orange, two last segments black. Pronotal cicatrices surrounded by punctures, punctures denser at middle. Legs mostly orange, femur with scattered macules. Hemelytral membrane hyaline. Connexival segments with black stripes adjacent to anterior and posterior margins dorsally, sometimes extending to ventral surface. Abdominal segment VII with a blackish macula ventrally, in males covering the base of pygophore. Spiracles dark castaneous. Ventral surface of abdomen with punctures, usually denser on median third. Head triangular; clypeus convex at apex, length variable in relation to mandibular plates (Figs. 30 -34); lateral margins of mandibular plates sinuous, slightly toothed adjacent to eyes; antenniferous tubercles with a lateral spine visible dorsally; diameter of eyes almost one-sixth head width. Length of antennal segments variable among species. Bucculae triangularly toothed anteriorly, posteriorly subtruncate or lobate; rostral segment I concealed by bucculae, segment II attaining basal third of mesosternum, segment IV surpassing mesocoxae sometimes attaining metacoxae. Proportion of rostral segments: I <II> III ≈ IV. Pronotum (Figs. 1-5) trapezoidal, anterior angles prominent forming a denticle variable in the species; anterolateral margins slightly convex or straight, emarginated, with a small tooth adjacent to the obtuse humeral angles; posterolateral margins slightly sinuous, posterior margin straight. Posterior half of the scutellum spatulate or tapering toward apex (Figs. 1-5); disc somewhat elevated or not; length variable in species; small blackish foveae at basal angles. Hemelytral membrane with 7-8 longitudinal veins, slightly surpassing abdomen. Peritreme very short, as long as diameter of ostiole. Tibiae dorsally sulcate. Abdomen ventrally convex, connexivum usually exposed. Trichobothria placed behind the spiracles, such as distant as the posterior margin of the urosternites.

Male Genitalia (Figs. 35-56). Pygophore subquadrangulartooblong,widelyopendorso-posteriorly; dorsal rim medially concave, lateral thirds evanescent through posterolateral angles; ventral rim excavated, inferior layer projecting ventrally forming a tubercle visible in posterior view (Figs. 35-46); ventral wall with 1 + 1 depressedareas.SegmentXwith 1 + 1rounded, elevated areas on posterior third. Parameres divergent, paramere head digitiform (Figs. 57-59). Phallus (Figs. 60-62): articulatory apparatus broad, dorsal connectives as long as processus capitati slightly surpassing phallotheca. Posterior opening of the phallotheca wide; posterolateral projections slightly produced, a pair of ventral processes present,divergent, wideratbase,attaining processusvesicae. Conjunctiva well developed, in 2 + 2 lateralhyaline lobes.Vesicawithagutter-likesclerotizedprocesswhere rests the posterior portion of the ductus seminis distalis. Ductus seminis distalis helical, with at least two loops. Secondary gonopore openingventrally ending in asmall spatulate process (Fig. 60).

FemaleGenitalia. Genitalplates (Figs. 63-65). Posterior margin of segment VII slightly concave over laterotergite 8. Posterior margins of gonocoxite 8 sinuous; sutural margins sinuous, overlapping at base; sutural angles elevated projectingposteriorly overgonocoxite 9 or not. Posterior margins of laterotergite 8 uniformly convex or triangular, projecting posteriorly. Laterotergite 9 flat or inflated, obtuse or narrowly rounded at apex, surpassing or not the band uniting laterotergite 8 dorsally. Anterior and posterior margins of gonocoxite 9 sinuate, posterolateral angles overlapping laterotergite 9 atbase.Gonapophysis 9 with1 + 1 smallovatesecondary thickenings; chitinellipsen present. Thickening of vaginal intima ovoid, orificium receptaculi opening posteriorly (Fig. 66); vesicular area of ductus receptaculi almost 2.5 times the length of the ductus receptaculi after vesicular area; pars intermedialis almost as long as capsula seminalis, which is globoid, without processes; anterior annularflangeflat,posteriorannularflangebendingtoward pars intermedialis.

Comments. Stål (1867) included Oenopiella and Hypatropis Bergroth, 1891, in the same keycouplet because they share some characters such as head, pronotum, scutellum, and peritreme shape; he distinguished them by the length of mandibular plates in relation to the clypeus (longerin Hypatropis and shorterin Oenopiella), anterolateral margins of pronotum (crenulate in Hypatropis and entire in Oenopiella), and the mesosternal carina (erroneously considered to be present in Oenopiella, but according to Fernandes and Grazia (1996), it is absent in both genera). Oenopiella can be distinguishedfrom othersimilargenera of Carpocorinisuchas Acledra Signoret, 1863, and Euschistus Dallas, 1851 . The dorsal facies of some Acledra species could be confused with Oenopiella species, but in Acledra, the superior process of the dorsalrim of pygophore is always present. Oenopiella shareswith Euschistus theventralprocessesat the apex of the phallotheca as described by Rolston (1974). Rolston (1982) also characterized Euschistus (Lycipta) by the presence of dilated ventral processes of phallotheca, and Weiler et al. (2011) mentioned these dilated processes in Euschistus (Euschistus) rufimanus Stål, 1872 .

Key to the species of Oenopiella

1. Scutellum slightly depressed at posterior third; posterolateral anglesof pygophore triangularly projecting at apices (Figs. 44 and 46); ventral rim of pygophore with projection of inferior rim enlarged, forming a half moon in posterior view (Figs. 45 and 50)........

........... O. ventanensis Graziasp . nov. 1'.Scutellum not depressed; posterolateral angles of pygophoreobtuselyproducedatapices; ventral rim of pygophore with projection of inferior rimsmallernotformingahalf mooninposterior view ........................... 2

2. Discof scutellum elevated; posterolateralangles of pygophore almost quadrate (Figs. 35 and 37, 52-53); gonocoxite 9 partially obscured by the gonocoxite 8 (Fig. 63); laterotergite 9 not surpassing thebanduniting thelaterotergite 8 dorsally (Fig. 63).................... ............ O. unidentata (Spinola, 1852)

2'.Disc of scutellumnotelevated; posterolateralangles of pygophore not quadrate (Figs. 38 and 40-41, 43, 55-56); gonocoxite 9 not obscured by gonocoxite 8 (Fig. 65); laterotergite 9 surpassing the bandunitingthelaterotergite 8 dorsally(Fig.65). 3

3. Sutural angles of gonocoxite 8 inconspicuously elevated, not projecting posteriorly over gonocoxite 9; laterotergite 9 somewhat inflated, elongated (Fig. 65) conspicuously surpassing the band uniting dorsally the laterotergite 8 (Fig. 65) ............... ............... O. pallidula (Stål, 1872)

3'.Sutural anglesof gonocoxite 8 conspicuously elevated, projecting posteriorly over gonocoxite 9; laterotergite 9 flat, scarcely surpassing the band unitingthelaterotergite 8 dorsally. ........ 4

4. Anterolateral margins of pronotum convex (Fig. 2); ventral rim of pygophore forming a shallow “V” (Figs. 38 and 40, 55 -56); posterolateral angles of pygophore obtuse at apices (Figs. 55 -56).................... ............... O. punctaria (Stål, 1859)

4'.Anterolateral margins of pronotum straight (Fig. 4); ventral rim of pygophore forming a deep and open “V” (Figs. 41 and 43); posterolateral angles of pygophore slightly projecting posteriorly (Figs. 41 and 43).............. ..... O. flonensis Fernández-Aldeasp . nov.