Key to Fijian Trichoptera families (adults) and Philopotamidae species (males)

1 Forewings shorter than 4.0 mm, narrow, pointed apically (figs. 6–10 in Marshall (1979)); antennae shorter than forewings; tho- rax with mesoscutellum pointed posteriorly (fig. 83 in Marshall (1979)) ................................................................................................. Hydroptilidae (1 species: Oxyethira fijiensis Kelley, 1989).

- Forewings longer than 4.0 mm, broad, rounded apically (Fig. 5); antennae as long as forewings or longer; thorax with mesoscutellum rounded or nearly straight posteriorly (figs. 53–54 in Marshall (1979)) ............................... 2

2(1’) Ocelli present........................................................................................ 3

- Ocelli absent......................................................................................... 4

3(2) Maxillary palps each with segment 2 swollen mesally and with apical segment flexible, distinctly longer than previous seg- ment............................................................. Philopotamidae ( Chimarra, 27 species)...8

- Maxillary palps each with segment 2 cylindrical and with apical segment not flexible, about as long as previous segment...................................................................... Hydrobiosidae ( Apsilochorema, 3 species).

4(2’) Maxillary palps each with apical segment flexible, distinctly longer than previous segment........................... 5

- Maxillary palps each with apical segment not flexible, about as long as previous segment........................... 6

5(4) Forelegs each with 2 spurs (preapical spur absent); thorax without mesonotal setal warts................................................................................................... Hydropsychidae ( Abacaria, 9 species).

- Forelegs each with 3 spurs (preapical spur present); thorax with pair of mesonotal setal warts......................................................................................... Polycentropodidae ( Polyplectropus, 8 species).

6(4’) Antennae each with scape distinctly longer than head; thorax with pair of distinct mesonotal setal warts, setae never in longitu- dinal rows..................................................................... Goeridae ( Goera, 3 species).

- Antennae each with scape shorter or about as long as head; thorax without mesonotal setal warts, setae always in pair of longi- tudinal rows.......................................................................................... 7

7(6’) Maxillary palps each 6-segmented; forewings less than 3x longer than broad... Calamoceratidae ( Anisocentropus, 5 species)

- Maxillary palps 5-segmented; forewings more than 3x longer than broad................................................................................ Leptoceridae ( Oecetis, 1 species; Triaenodes, 3 species; Triplectides, 1 species)

8(3) Hind wings each with centrally located, large, pale hyaline spot (Figs. 10–13)..................................... 9

- Hind wings without large pale, hyaline spots (Figs. 6–7).................................................... 14

9(8) In genitalia, gonopods short, length about as long as high in lateral view (Fig. 50).............. C. schlingeri, new species .

- In genitalia, gonopods more elongate, longer than high in lateral view (cf. Figs. 60, 65, 70)......................... 10

10(9’) In genitalia, ventral branch of each gonopod more than 2x longer than wide in lateral view (Fig. 60) C. braueri, new species .

- In genitalia, ventral branch of each gonopod not as long as wide in lateral view (Figs. 45, 65)........................ 11

11(10’) In genitalia, gonopods widest at mid-length in lateral view (Fig. 70)..................... C. karoyanitensis, new species .

- In genitalia, gonopods widest beyond mid-length in lateral view (Figs. 45, 55, 65)................................. 12

12(11’) In genitalia, dorsal branch of each gonopod forming ventrally pointing hook in lateral view (Fig. 45) C. signata Banks, 1936 .

- In genitalia, dorsal branch of each gonopod forming posteriorly pointing triangle in lateral view (Figs. 55, 65)......... 13

13(12’)In genitalia, dorsal margin of each gonopod nearly straight and as darkly sclerotized as posterior margin (Fig. 55)........................................................................................... C. nathani, new species .

- In genitalia, dorsal margin of each gonopod strongly convex and more darkly sclerotized than posterior margin (Fig. 65)...................................................................................... C. vitiensis, new species .

14(8’) Forewings each with large, pale hyaline spot............................................................... 15

- Forewings without large, pale hyaline spots............................................................... 16

15(14) Forewings each with large, pale hyaline spot located immediately anterior of posterior wing margin (Fig. 6); in genitalia, ter- gum X with prominent dorsal process on each lateral branch (Fig. 35)....................... C. vanuensis, new species .

- Forewings each with large, pale hyaline spot located centrally in wings (Fig. 7); in genitalia, tergum X without dorsal pro- cesses (Fig. 40)................................................................. C. macuatensis, new species .

16(14’)In genitalia, phallic apparatus without endothecal processes; phallotremal sclerite more than 2x longer than width of narrowest part of phallotheca (Figs. 79, 84, 89)..................................................................... 17

- In genitalia, phallic apparatus with 1 or 2 pairs of endothecal processes; phallotremal sclerite less than 2x longer than width of narrowest part of phallotheca, or not discernable (Figs. 139, 170)............................................... 19

17(16) In genitalia, gonopods acute apically in lateral view (Fig. 75); phallotremal sclerite more than 1/2 as long as phallotheca (Fig. 79)............................................................................. C. tokotaai, new species .

- In genitalia, gonopods rounded apically in lateral view (Figs. 80, 85); phallotremal sclerite much less than 1/2 as long as phal- lotheca (Figs. 84, 89).................................................................................. 18

18(17’)In genitalia, segment IX rectangular and oblique, with ventral margin much shorter than height in lateral view (Fig. 85); each posterior margin produced into large, triangular plate immediately below its cercus (Fig. 85).. C. naitasirensis, new species .

- In genitalia, segment IX hyperbolic, with ventral margin subequal to height in lateral view (Fig. 80); each posterior margin without triangular plate below its cercus (Fig. 80)............................................ C. vuda, new species .

19(16’)In genitalia, phallic apparatus with 2 pairs of endothecal processes (Fig. 138)..................................... 20

- In genitalia, phallic apparatus with 1 pair of endothecal processes (Fig. 169)..................................... 23

20(19) In genitalia, each lateral branch of tergum X with dorsal, rounded process (Figs. 105, 111).......................... 21

- In genitalia, each lateral branch of tergum X with dorsal, hook-shaped process (Figs. 134, 139)...................... 22

21(20) In genitalia, anteroventral portion of segment IX rectangular in lateral view (Fig. 105); in tergum X, gap between dorsal and ventral branches nearly right-angled (Fig. 105); tergum X with triangular process on lateral margin in lateral view (Fig. 105); gonopods strongly expanded ventrally at base (Fig. 105); in phallus, endothecal processes no longer than as minimum breadth of phallotheca in ventral view (Fig. 110)................................................. C. manni Banks, 1924 .

- In genitalia, anteroventral portion of segment IX triangular in lateral view (Fig. 111); in tergum X, gap between dorsal and ventral branches wide-angled, nearly 180 degrees (Fig. 111); tergum X without triangular process on ventral margin in lateral view (Fig. 111); gonopods only slightly expanded ventrally at base (Fig. 111); in phallus, endothecal processes longer than minimum breadth of phallotheca in ventral view (Fig. 116)............................... C. cakaudrovensis, new species .

22(20’) In genitalia, each dorsal branch of tergum X with darkly sclerotized apicodorsal hook (Fig. 134); each ventral branch of tergum X reaching as far posterior as each dorsal branch (Fig. 134); phallic apparatus without spicules (Figs. 137, 138)............................................................................................ C. lavensis, new species .

- In genitalia, each dorsal branch of tergum X with weakly sclerotized subapicodorsal process (Fig. 139); each ventral branch of tergum X exceeding posteriorly each dorsal branch of tergum X (Fig. 139); phallic apparatus with group of spicules in addition to endothecal processes (Figs. 143, 144)................................................ C. devoensis, new species .

23(19') In genitalia, tergum X with each lateral branch uniramus (Figs. 90, 124, 155)..................................... 24

- In genitalia, tergum X with each lateral branch biramus (Figs. 95, 117, 145)..................................... 29

24(23) In genitalia, gonopods clearly reaching beyond tergum X posteriorly (Figs. 100, 155)........................... ... 25

- In genitalia, gonopods reaching as far out as tergum X or shorter (Figs. 90, 150, 164).............................. 26

25(24) In genitalia, segment IX long, with narrow anteroventral plates and straight posterior margin in lateral view (Fig. 100); each gonopod uniramus (Fig. 100)....................................................... C. abacensis, new species .

- In genitalia, segment IX short, with broad anteroventral plates and convex posterior margin in lateral view (Fig. 155); each gonopod with slender dorsal branch and rounded ventral branch (Fig. 155).................. C. psychodida, new species .

26(24’) In genitalia, gonopods about as long as broad in lateral view (Fig. 90)....................... C. veisarensis, new species .

- In genitalia, gonopods much shorter than broad in lateral view (Fig. 124, 165, 170)................................ 27

27(26') In genitalia, distal part of each gonopod almost straight (Figs. 124, 170)........................................ 33

- In genitalia, distal part of each gonopod curved posterad in lateral view (Figs. 150, 165)............................ 28

28(27’) In genitalia, segment IX with slightly concave to straight posterior margin (Fig. 150); tergum X short, not reaching beyond gonopods in lateral view (Fig. 150); each lateral branch of tergum X with lateral subapical process (Fig. 151); gonopods each with rounded ventral branch in lateral view (Fig. 150)..................................... C. tipulida, new species .

- In genitalia, segment IX with slightly convex posterior margin (Fig. 165); tergum X long, reaching well beyond gonopods in lateral view (Fig. 165); tergum X without lateral processes (Fig. 166); gonopods each with nearly rectangular ventral branch in lateral view (Fig. 165).............................................................. C. malickyi, new species .

29(23’) In genitalia, gonopods broad, nearly triangular in lateral view (Fig. 117).................... C. cartwrighti, new species .

- In genitalia, gonopods narrow, each with nearly parallel-sided dorsal branch (Figs. 95, 129, 145, 160)................ 30

30(29’) In genitalia, tergum X with ventral branches produced posterad beyond dorsal branches (Figs. 95, 145)................ 31

- In genitalia, tergum X with ventral branches not produced posterad beyond dorsal branches (Figs. 129, 160)............ 32

31(30) In genitalia, apex of each dorsal and ventral branch of each gonopod parallel-sided and bent posterad C. fijiana, new species .

- In genitalia, apex of dorsal branch of each gonopod straight; dorsal branch nearly parallel-sided, ventral branch irregular (Fig. 145).......................................................................... C. helomyzida, new species .

32(30’) In genitalia, gonopods longer than segment IX in lateral view, slightly curved posterad along their length (Fig. 129); distal 1/2 of tergum X narrower than distal 3rd of gonopods in lateral view (Fig. 129)................. C. kadavuensis, new species .

- In genitalia, gonopods shorter than segment IX in lateral view, strongly curved into 1/2-circle (Fig. 160); tergum X broader than distal 3rd of gonopods in lateral view (Fig. 160)..................................... C. levuensis, new species .

33(27) In genitalia, posterolateral margins of segment IX each with posterior, setose lobe above its gonopod in lateral view (Fig. 124); gonopods each narrowing at 1/2-length into parallel-sided dorsal branch and with rounded ventral branch in lateral view (Fig. 124); tergum X with convex dorsal margin in lateral view (Fig. 124), divided into lateral processes in dorsal view (Fig. 125).................................................................................. C. kimminsi, new species .

- In genitalia, posterolateral margins of segment IX without posterior, setose lobes in lateral view (Fig. 170); gonopods each with dorsal branch narrowing distally along its full length and with ventral branch short, triangular in lateral view (Fig. 170); tergum X with stepped, concave dorsal margin in lateral view (Fig. 170), without lateral processes in dorsal view (Fig. 171)................................................................................. C. obscurella Banks, 1924 .