Polydrusus (Conocetus) bardus Gyllenhal, 1834

Figs 4A–B, 7H, 9K–L, 10

Material examined

Type material

TURKEY: 1 ♀ (holotype of P. bardus Gyllenhal, 1834), “Chersonis” [and a second word, probably the collector “Eindstedt…” illegibly handwritten] // NHRS-JLKB 0 0 0 0 23178 // Typus [red printed label].

Type locality

The type locality of P. bardus is Thracian Chersonese, today Gallipoli in Turkish Thrace.

Other material examined

GREECE: 2 ♀♀, Rhodes, Mts Filerimos, Lalyssos, 267 m, R. Borovec leg. (cJP); 2 ♂♂, Kreta, Omalos, 25 Jul. 2009, leg. M. Egger (NMBE, cCG); 1 ♀, Crête, Therisso, 15 Apr. 1984, leg. P. Berger (cJP); 1♂, W-Kreta, ö. Rethimno, Perama, 26 Apr. 2011, leg. W. Ziegler (cHW); 1 ex., Creta, coll. Koltze (SDEI); 1 ♂, Ins. Creta, Reitter (SDEI); 1 ex., Westl. Creta, Elos, v. Oertzen, coll. Kraatz (SDEI); 2 ex., Creta, Oertzen, coll. Kraatz (SDEI); 1 ♂, Creta or., Assitaes, Holtz, coll. Breit (NMB); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Creta Isl., Rethymno, W Armeni, Kastellos, 35°18′39″ N, 24°26′55″ E, 430 m, 13 May 2009, leg. Germann (cCG); 1 ♂ W-Kreta, Georgiuopoli, May 1989, leg. Frieser (SDEI); 2 ex., [Crete] Assitaes, coll. Koltze (SDEI); 1 ♂, [Crete] Suda Bay, coll. Champion (BMNH); 1 ♂, Brussa [= Bursa], Merkl (SDEI); 1 ♂, Samos, Votsalakia env., 11–20 Jun. 2007, leg. Schön (cRB); 24 ♂♂, Chalkidike, NE Megali, Panajia, 40°25′39″ N, 23°42′ 45″ E, 150 m, 17 Jul. 2003, leg. Bayer (cHW, cCG); 1 ♂, Dito, leg. Bahr (cHW); 1 ♂, Epirus, Velia Pindos, nr. Grevina, 8 Aug. 1996, leg. Barries and Cate (SDEI); 1 ♀, Crete, Rethimno, Armeni, 2 May 1998, leg. Thompson (BMNH); 1 ♀, 3 ex., Rhodes, Filerimos Mts, Lalyssos, 267 m, 10 May 1996, leg. Borovec (cRB, BMNH); 1 ♀, Crête, Agia Irini, 18 Jun. 1984, leg. Berger (cJP); 1 ♂, Peloponnes, Messinia, Exohori, 5 Jun. 2011, leg. Ziegler (cHW); 1 ♂, Pella, Agrarpidees, ssö Florina, 31 Jul. 2009, leg. Ziegler (cHW); 1 ex., Taygetos (ZSM); 1 ex., J. Rhodus [Rhodes], coll. Fremuth (cRB); 1 ♂, Kreta, Umgb. Georgioupoli, Alikampos, 25 Apr. 1989, leg. A. Elbert (SDEI); 1 ♂, Kreta, Georgiuopoli, May [19]89, leg. R. Frieser (SDEI); 1 ♂, Griechenland C. gracilicornis [Stierlin’s handwriting] (SDEI); 2 ♂, Graecia, coll. Stierlin (SDEI); 1 ♂, Parnass, subalpin, 1 Jul. [19]09, leg. Rambousek (SDEI); 1 ♂, Morea [= Peloponnese], coll. Kraatz (SDEI); 1 ♂, Katerini, Ag. Dimitrios, 800 m, 19–21 Jul. 1990, leg. Schuh and Zabransky (SDEI); 2 ♂♂, Creta, coll. O. Leonhard (SDEI); 1 ex., Crete, 3 Jun. 1981, Lefka Ori Mts, Omalos, Bily leg. (cJF); 1 ♂, Rhodes [leg.] Reitter (BMNH). 7 ex., Kefalonia, Agios Eleftherios, 3 km NW, 38°11.482′ N, 20°35.658′ E, 670 m, on Quercus ilex and Q. coccifera, 27 Jun. 2016, leg. L. Friedman (SMNHTAU); 1 ex., Kefalonia, Agios Eleftherios, 5 km E, 38°09.972′ N, 20°39.947′ E, 600 m, 27 Jun. 2016, leg. L. Friedman (SMNHTAU); 9 ex., Kefalonia, Charakti 38°10.310′ N 20°41.359′ E, 530 m, on Quercus ilex and Q. coccifera, 28 Jun. 2016, leg. L. Friedman (SMNHTAU); 5 ex., Kefalonia, Tzanata, 1 km E, 38°08.6′ N, 20°45.953′ E, 120 m, on Quercus ilex and Q. coccifera, 28 Jun. 2016, leg. L. Friedman (SMNHTAU); 34 ex., Kefalonia, Tzanata, Mycenean Tholos Tomb, 38°08.509′ N, 20°45.646′ E, 70 m, on Quercus ilex and Q. coccifera, 28 Jun. 2016, leg. L. Friedman (SMNHTAU); 8 ex., Kefalonia, SW Neochori, Kalos Mts, Demotokitos Mt, 38°19.660′ N, 20°36.674′ E, 400–600 m, on Quercus, 29 Jun. 2016, leg. L. Friedman (SMNHTAU); 6 ex., Kefalonia, Komitata, 38°21.149′ N 20°35.863′ E, 550 m, on Quercus ilex and Q. coccifera, 29 Jun. 2016, leg. L. Friedman (SMNHTAU); 2 ex., Kefalonia, Agia Dinata Mts, 5km N of Dilinata, 38°16.013′ N, 20°30.712′ E, 700 m, on Quercus ithaburensis macrolepis, 30 Jun. 2016, leg. L. Friedman (SMNHTAU); 1 ♂, Epirus, Velia, Pindos, Grevena, 8 Aug. 1986, leg. Barries and Cate (SDEI); 1 ♂ Kreta ins. Dikti Mts 5 Jun. 2001, Lesithi plateau, 800m, leg. J. Voříšek (BMNH).

SYRIA: 2 ♂♂, Syria, Reitter (BMNH); 1 ♀, Syr[ia], coll. A. Rätzer (NMBE).

TURKEY: 1 ♂, Asia min., Adana, Reitter (BMNH); 1 ♂, centr. Ankara N, 10 km S of Ilgaz, 18 Jul. 1996, leg. Bayer (cHW); 4 ♂♂, Hatay, Sungur, 800 m, 29 Jul. 1998, leg. Winkelmann (SDEI, cJP); 1 ♂, Asia Minor, Smyrna prov., Bozdagh Mts, Goelchik, 29 Jul. 1931, leg. Uvarov (BMNH); 1 ♀, Bozdag nr. Izmir, 26 Jun. 1971, leg. Lodos (BMNH); 4 ♂♂, Bursa, Cagliyan env., 10–14 Jul. 1997, leg. Prudek and Riha (cHW); 17 ex., Anat. M., Nur Daglari, Hasanbeyli, 1150 m, 16 Jul. 1996, Tymer and Voříšek leg. (cRB, cJP); 1 ♂, Icel (Mersin NW), Findikpinari, 1000 m, 26 Jul. 1998, leg. Winkelmann (cHW); 11 ex., Ankara N, Ilgaz S Korgun, N, 18 Jul. 1996, leg. Bayer and Winkelmann (SDEI, cHW); 1 ex., Hop pass, 15 km NE Mardin, 37°23″ N, 40°51″ E, 16 May 2001, leg. Kadlec (cRB); 1 ♂, Tosya, Ene, Ada Dagi N, 9 Jul. 1996, leg. Bayer (cHW); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Bingöl, 20 Jun. 1986, leg. Kadlec, coll. Voříšek (BMNH); 1 ♂, Olüdenis, Fethyie env., 8 May 1991, leg. Zbuzek (cRB); 2 ex., Ankara N, Tosya N, Karadere, 16 Jul. 1996, leg. Bayer and Winkelmann (cHW); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Van prov.,Alacabük Dagi, Kuskuh Kiran, Göründü, 28 Jun.–2 Jul. 1997, D. Hauck leg. (cHW); 1 ♂, Avsallar, b. Incekum, 22 km W of Alanya, 9–23 May 1995, leg. A. Pütz (SDEI); 2 ♂♂, Malatya, 20 km SW of Dogansehir, 24 Jun. 1989, leg. Barries and Cate (SDEI); 1 ♂, Hatay, Iskenderun S, Güzelyayla, 700 m, 27 Jul. 1998, leg. Messutat (SDEI); 2 ♂♂, Nur Daglari, Husanbeyli, 1150 m, 16 Jul. 1996, leg. Tyrner and Voříšek (BMNH); 1 ex., Göynük NNW Kemer, 7–14 May [19]09, leg. Sieber (SDEI); 1 ♂, Adana, Hasanbeyli, Nurdagi Gecidi, 37°97′14″ N, 36°34′30″ E, 800–1100 m, 24 May 2002, leg. Skale (SDEI); 1 ♂, Tarpus [?], 1200 m, leg. S. Lundberg (SDEI); 1 ♂, Anatol. Centr. Tal zw. Tünceli u. Ovacik, 1200 [m], 20 Jul. 1985, leg. W. Heinz (SDEI); 32 ex., Ankara N, 10km S of Ilgaz, 18 Jul. 1996, leg. Bayer (cHW, cCG, NMBE); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Destigin, 5 Jul. 1980, Mese (cJF); 1 ♂, Konya, Karaman, 2 Jul. 1980, leg. N. Lodos (cJF); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Pozanti, 3–6 Jul. 1983, leg. Jiri Hladil (cJF).

IRAN: 1 ♂, Lorestan, 25 km NWW of Dorud, 33°33′ N, 48°53′ E, 1874 m, 8 Jul. 2004, leg. Kadlec (cRB); 1 ♂, Lorestan, 25 km NWW of Dorud, 1874 [m], 8 Jul. 2004, leg. Rejek (cHW).

Comments on new synonymies

Polydrusus bardus

= P. gracilicornis Kiesenwetter, 1864 syn. nov.

Polydrusus gracilicornis was described based on specimens from Crete (Greece), as Kiesenwetter wrote: “Von Zebe auf Creta gesammelt (Ksw.), von Kraatz mir auch, als in Griechenland gesammelt, mitgetheilt.” [Collected by Zebe on Crete (Ksw.; thus referring to his own collection)…]. Indeed Kraatz only told Kiesenwetter that the (new species) was also found by him in Greece (= mainland Greece, supposedly). There is a single specimen in the Kiesenwetter collection at the ZSM, which is here designated as lectotype of Polydrusus (Conocetus) gracilicornis Kiesenwetter, 1864 with the following label data: Creta // gracilicornis Candie Ksw // Kiesenwetter // [red label:] Lectotype Polydrusus (Conocetus) gracilicornis Kiesenwetter, 1864 des. C. Germann 2016.

Polydrusus bardus

= P. cylindrithorax Desbrochers des Loges, 1900 syn. nov. The description of P. cylindrithorax was based on specimens from Rhodes. All examined specimens from Rhodes belong to P. bardus .

Polydrusus bardus = P. quadraticollis Desbrochers des Loges, 1902 syn. nov. Based on examined specimens of P. quadraticollis from Smyrne (= Izmir). All examined specimens from Turkey belong to P. bardus .

Remarks

As already stated by Schilsky (1910), P. (Conocetus) bardus was often confused and misinterpreted (see under P. crinipes sp. nov.), and it was only by examining the type specimen that the true identity of the species could be clearly established. Desbrochers des Loges (1902) confused it with P. marcidus in his redescription, but there are also examples in the revised collections where P. bardus (or P. crinipes sp. nov.) were confused with P. calabricus (e.g., det. Stöcklein NMB).

Variability

This often misinterpreted species varies considerably in size, vestiture (scale size, colour), vestiture of legs (metallic hairs with or without scales intermixed), length and orientation of hairs on elytra and, to a lesser degree, in the shape of the pronotum, which is mirrored in the different names aiming for the shape of the pronotum ( cylindrithorax, quadraticollis). However, careful examination of the shape of the penis as well as the internal sac across a comprehensive body of material (see above) allowed the identification of a single, more widely distributed species.

Ecology

Desbrochers des Loges (1902) indicated “sur les Pins” [on pine trees] in his description. On Crete Polydrusus bardus was beaten from Quercus ithaburensis (C. Germann, pers. obs.) and Q. pubescens (Thompson, data taken from labels). Furthermore, according to label data from various collectors, the species was also collected from Castanea sativa in Turkey (e.g., N. Lodos), and from Quercus ilex, Q. coccifera and Q. ithaburensis macrolepis in Greece (L. Friedman). Records are from April to August, from sea level to subalpine altitudes.